FinCEN could rule that henceforth, if anyone wants to access tether, USD coin, or any other official stablecoin (TrueUSD, Paxos standard, Gemini dollar, Binance USD, HUSD) they will need to apply for a verified stablecoin account.

It’s not evident how a stablecoin issuer can conduct KYC on a smart contract.

This hoard of stablecoins serves as collateral backing for dai, Maker’s decentralized stablecoin.

Compound, Curve and Uniswap might try to adapt by substituting FinCEN compliant stablecoins like USD coin with decentralized ones, say like Maker’s dai stablecoin.

If Maker, like Compound and Curve, can no longer hold USD coin, then dai itself would become less stable.

Crypto payments platform BitPay has settled with the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on charges of over 2,000 apparent sanctions violations.

The company knew it was facilitating transactions for individuals in sanctioned regions because it had location information and IP addresses, OFAC claimed.

BitPay cooperated with OFAC as the agency investigated the charges.

The notice warned that cryptocurrency companies must abide by OFAC regulations and monitor for possible sanctions risks.

OFAC found the violations to be non-egregious.”The company has since improved its compliance program, the spokesperson said.

Nvidia is also launching Cryptocurrency Mining Processors (CMP) specifically for Ethereum miners.

Gates has previously criticized cryptocurrencies and said he'd short bitcoin "if there was an easy way to do it."

Announced Thursday, Radicle, a fully decentralized code repository, has raised $12 million in funding, integrated its peer-to-peer network with Ethereum and launched the RAD governance token.

Notably, it’s the first crypto investment from NFX since Libra co-creator Morgan Beller left Facebook and joined the VC firm in September 2020.

“We think about Radicle as infrastructure for decentralized communities,” Diakomichalis said in an interview.

“When it comes to value, these communities are very used to interacting with value flows; think about things like DeFi protocols on Ethereum.

A Radicle token streams mockup (Radicle)It should be said that GitHub introduced a system of code sponsoring ba…

The amount is greater than the market capitalization of Intercontinental Exchange Inc., owner of the New York Stock Exchange.

(For what it’s worth, Tesla used Coinbase for its $1.5 billion bitcoin purchase, according to The Block.)

Bitcoin WatchDecline in “whale” entities worth watching, CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole writesThe number of bitcoin addresses with at least 1,000 bitcoin (roughly $50 million worth) has trailed off recently after rising over the past year.

Token WatchEther (ETH): Ethereum cryptocurrency looks overleveraged after rising to new all-time-high price over $1,900.

The U.S. will eventually adopt bitcoin as a reserve asset, argues Zabo co-founder Alex Treece in an op-ed for Co…

“Bond King” Jeffrey Gundlach has had a change of heart on bitcoin.

Gundlach – CEO of DoubleLine Capital, an investment firm with more than $130 billion in assets under management – now says bitcoin could be a better bet than gold.

Gundlach, who’s previously said “I don’t believe in bitcoin,” tweeted Thursday that “bitcoin may be the stimulus asset.

It doesn’t look like gold is.”Gundlach’s change of stance comes on the heels of bitcoin’s dizzying rise from $10,000 to $52,000 seen in the past 4.5-months.

Gundlach noted he had been neutral on gold for the last six months, while formerly a “gold bull.” He previously said bitcoin was in “bubble territory” when it rose past $23,000 in early Janua…

Getting crypto exchanges across the world to plug into each other and share sensitive customer data is proving to be a complex problem.

This is expected to create a so-called “sunrise problem,” as some parts of the crypto world become regulated ahead of others.

The TRISA testnet begins to address that looming challenge by including a dummy version of an “evil VASP” that will provide false authentication, attempt to steal data and so on.

There are two compliant VASPs as well as the non-compliant exchange on the testnet, explained John Jefferies, co-chairman of TRISA.

“The evil VASP isn’t part of TRISA and it will try and trick people into sharing information,” said Jefferies.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

Critics are quick to invoke the South Sea Bubble of 1720 or the tulips in 1637, but it’s not clear they know enough about our financial past to make those episodes relevant for today.

It’s easy to see why comparing Bitcoin to the South Sea Company’s meteoric rise in the spring and summer of 1720 is so tempting.

This all happened during South Sea mania.

This dampens the risk to the overall financial system rather than fueling the fire like the South Sea directors did in the spring and summer of 1720.

Bitcoin’s 2021 looks nothing like the South Sea Company in 1720.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

To test out this lofty hypothesis, a few prediction markets, including Augur and Omen, are now deployed on Ethereum.

Prediction markets FAQsHow do cryptocurrencies improve prediction markets?

Usually, prediction markets are restricted to use in the countries in which they were created.

Less restrictive : Many of today's most popular prediction markets pile on restrictions.

What are some popular crypto prediction markets?

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The Swiss canton of Zug has started accepting tax payments in cryptocurrency.

No partial payments in cryptocurrency will be accepted.

Zug has been dubbed “Crypto Valley” over the many industry companies drawn to the jurisdiction over its friendly blockchain and crypto regulation.

Zug-based crypto broker and custodian Bitcoin Suisse has partnered with the canton, converting cryptocurrency payments into Swiss francs for the tax office.

According to the Zug Canton website, residents can request to pay taxes in cryptocurrency and will be emailed a link taking them to the crypto payment option.

“With this current structure, I do not feel comfortable in running a lot of long exposure.”The funding rate is calculated every eight hours and represents the cost of holding long positions.

When perpetuals trade at a premium to spot price, the funding rate is positive (longs pay shorts).

Hence, a very high funding rate is considered a sign of leverage being excessively skewed to the bullish side (overbought conditions) and often injects volatility into the market.

Ether: Average funding rate Source: SkewIn such situations, holding longs at high costs is attractive only if the bullish momentum remains strong.

A pullback or consolidation can trigger an unwinding of longs, leading to a more p…

Jack Dorsey’s Square has officially doubled its money on its Bitcoin investment.

To date, Square holds approximately 8,027 bitcoin, acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $220,000,000 and an average price per bitcoin of $27,407, inclusive of fees and expenses.

The firm bought 4,709 bitcoin at an aggregate purchase price of $50 million.

In the company’s fourth quarter and full year 2020 report, it announced that Square had purchased approximately 3,318 bitcoin at an aggregate purchase price of $170 million.

In September, Twitter rolled out Bitcoin Lightning tips for IOS users, which notably provides no direct compensation to the company.

Bitcoin is back at $60,000 and looks poised to retake a new all-time high of $65,000 in the near future.

Selling dirty fiat for BTC is the real gains, and acquiring more at a discounted price is the way to go.

Corrections like the one we had earlier this year prove who’s here for some quick gains and who’s here for the revolution.

Ever since the big correction there has been a lot of bitcoin buying happening, which we all knew would end in an eventual price squeeze.

Could we see a worldwide bitcoin buying frenzy happen?

Today Umbrel presented new research that showed 90% of the lightning nodes brought online in the last year run on the company’s software, which allows users to run a Bitcoin Lightning node and other software from their own personal server.

At the time of writing there are about 27,977 total Lightning Network nodes, 12,970 of which are running on Umbrel servers.

Between March and June of 2021 there were actually more Umbrel servers launched than there were total Lightning nodes.

The company offers an anonymous end-to-end encrypted Lightning channel backup service, which allows users to recover their funds even if they had never manually backed up their Lightning channels.

The combined featur…

MicroStrategy has officially doubled its money on its Bitcoin investment.

The company’s $3.16 billion in Bitcoin is now worth $6.7 billion.

To date, MicroStrategy holds approximately 114,042 bitcoin, acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $3.16 billion and an average price per bitcoin of $27,713, inclusive of fees and expenses.

Over the course of the third quarter of 2021 MicroStrategy purchased a total of 8,957 Bitcoin for approximately $419.9 million.

The firm has gained approximately $3.54 billion since its initial Bitcoin investment.

The below is a direct excerpt of Marty's Bent Issue #1094: "The kleptocrats have no respect for you, your privacy, or your 'autonomy.'"

Disregard the fact that the decrepit old bag screeching "yes, yes, yes, yes, yes" in your face as if it is an appropriate explanation to a valid question about government overreach has abused her position and the information it affords her (husband) to front run markets.

They don't care about your safety.

They don't care about your comfort.

They don't care about your future.

To be among the first to receive these insights and other on-chain bitcoin market analysis straight to your inbox, subscribe now.

Supply In ProfitAs we approach bitcoin price all-time highs, we will start to see the percentage of circulating supply in profit climb up to 100%.

Supply In LossThe bitcoin supply in loss has hit a six-month low.

A different (inverse) look, showing the percentage of short-term holder supply, shows the historic supply squeeze currently taking place.

Historically, when short-term holder supply approaches approximately 20%, a bitcoin move upwards is in play.

Watch This Episode On YouTubeListen To This Episode:In this episode of "The Bitcoin Magazine Podcast," host Christian Keroles was joined by Whit Gibbs, the cofounder and CEO of Compass Mining.

Compass Mining's mission is to support hash rate growth and network security by making Bitcoin mining accessible for more people.

Keroles and Gibbs explored Gibbs' journey into Bitcoin, his experience building a Bitcoin company, the future of Bitcoin mining, and much more!

Bitcoin mining is essentially the process of computers competing against other computers to solve complicated math problems to authenticate a time-based series of transactions called blocks.

Ironically, the rate of illicit activity on the Bitcoin network is far less than the U.S. dollar.

Closer to home, the state of Texas is (among other more rage-inducing activities), leveraging its wind energy for bitcoin mining.

It is short-sighted for states with abundant natural resources to restrict bitcoin mining in the name of environmental virtue signaling.

The Bitcoin Mining Counsel estimates about half of all bitcoin mining is powered by renewable energy.

Bitcoin Core’s most prolific developer Marco Falke has received Okcoin’s latest Open Source Developer Grant.

This marks the second year he has been awarded a grant from Okcoin, allowing him to work on Bitcoin Core remotely full time.

Cryptocurrency exchange Okcoin announced today the latest recipient of its Open Source Developer Grant, Bitcoin Core developer Marco Falke.

Finally, Falke said he would also train new developers to work in Bitcoin Core and increase the project’s robustness and resiliency.

Okcoin shared with Bitcoin Magazine that the firm has now invested more than $1,000,000 in Bitcoin open source development through its grant program.

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Monster-battling NFT game Axie Infinity became the most traded non-fungible token collection ever in Q3 2021, surpassing NBA Top Shot and CryptoPunks to generate over $2.5 billion in trading volume.

According to the latest BGA Blockchain Game Report from analytics site DappRadar, Axie Infinity had a trading volume of $2.08 billion during the quarter, making up 83% of its historical trading value.

The game also racked up $800 million in revenue during the quarter.

Some players have welcomed the move for eliminating bots from the game and encouraging competition, while others argue that it marginalizes lower-ranked players.

Given that Axie Infinity has a thriving play-to-earn community, with …

In the last quarter alone, the exchange has recovered lost user funds amounting to $1.5 million.

The #BNB Pioneer Burn Program helps users like Damien, one of our community members, recover funds in eligible cases.

The BNB Pioneer Burn Program was introduced in August 2020 and covers various scenarios in which users are eligible to recover lost funds.

From this sum, 5,163 BNB tokens were destroyed through the Pioneer Burn Program.

And I was even more shocked when I was informed that my lost funds were recovered, ” they said.

As investors become increasingly exposed to cryptocurrencies, risks associated with digital assets are more likely to be “creeping” into their portfolios, MSCI Inc., a global provider of equity indexes, warned in its latest research.

The companies covered by the MSCI ESG Research have a combined market capitalization of $7.1 trillion, according to a Bloomberg report.

Among them are firms directly involved in crypto trading activities, such as digital asset exchange Coinbase, as well as companies that have Bitcoin on their balance sheet.

Other names include chipmaker manufacturer Nvidia and investment bank JP Morgan, which earlier this year approved banking accounts for Coinbase and Gemini, …

International condemnation followed and Malta was subsequently greylisted by international financial crimes watchdog FATF, as reports of corruption engulfed the Mediterranean island.

Now, Mark Camilleri, a former government official, is making wide-ranging allegations about events surrounding Caruana Galizia’s murder.

“I know a lot of things people want to know,” claims the former Chairman of the Malta National Book Council.

His allegations, titled “A Rent Seeker's Paradise,” have until now only been available as an NFT, or non-fungible token.

As far as Camilleri is aware, he’s the world’s first whistleblower to write his claims in NFT form.

In brief Stronghold Digital is set for an IPO worth up to $104 million.

The company uses waste coal to power its Bitcoin mining operation.

According to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Bitcoin mining company Stronghold Digital is eyeing an initial public offering (IPO) worth between $94 million and $104 million.

As a result of its thirst for electricity, Bitcoin mining has come under fire for its impact on the environment, with criticism typically being directed at mining using carbon-intensive fossil fuels.

Burning waste coal still creates environmental toxins, and according to the Energy Justice Network, 85 tons of toxic waste ash is created per every 100 tons o…

The Biden administration has already taken several steps to crack down on ransomware and crypto.

Ransomware activities—and their associated ties to cryptocurrencies—have become a major focus for the Biden administration’s national security agenda.

National security, ransomware, and cryptoIn the United States, President Biden has made ransomware a priority for the administration’s approach to national security.

The Biden administration also spent the summer setting up a bespoke ransomware task force, aimed at combating cyberattacks and tracing cryptocurrency ransoms.

Yet, ransomware remains a global problem, as U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan said during this week’s virtual summ…

According to a Bloomberg report late on Thursday which cites sources familiar with the matter, the SEC isn’t likely to oppose the launch of a Bitcoin futures ETF.

Some high-profile figures within the industry, however, are not as enthusiastic about the prospect of Bitcoin futures ETFs.

"People don't want Bitcoin futures exposure, they want physical Bitcoin exposure," Bloomberg ETF research analyst James Seyffart told Decrypt in August.

B. Dilution: ETFs can't hold 100% BTC futures due to rules.

This latest filing, as Hougan stressed, is a separate one from the Bitcoin futures ETF application submitted by Bitwise last month.

The deadline is days away for SEC action on two applications for ETFs (exchange-traded funds) tied to Bitcoin futures, and Bitcoin has been climbing steadily all month on rumors that the applications could sail through.

On Thursday evening, Bloomberg reported that the SEC will allow the ETFs, which are from ProShares and Invesco, to begin trading next week.

If the SEC does allow the futures ETFs, it will be the first Bitcoin-tied ETFs approved in the U.S., though ETFs tied to futures contracts are still not quite the pure Bitcoin ETF that crypto investors have hoped to see.

Bitcoin bulls immediately cheered the news with cryptic references, including Barry Silbert of Digital Currency Group,…

Soros Fund Management owns cryptocurrenciesSoros Fund Management, the family office established in 1970 by billionaire investor George Soros, owns some cryptocurrencies, the fund’s CEO and CIO Dawn Fitzpatrick revealed in an interview with Bloomberg.

She also stressed that the Soros Fund is eyeing cryptocurrencies beyond the “inflation hedge” narrative.

While not directly confirming that the fund has invested in Bitcoin, Fitzpatrick said that they "own some coins–not a lot."

China declares cryptocurrency-related business illegalThe People’s Bank of China (PBOC) said bitcoin, ether, and stablecoin tether do not qualify as legal tender and cannot be used in the currency market.

The central bank declared all virtual currency-related activities illegal, including derivative transactions and overseas virtual currency exchanges serving Chinese residents.

Blockstream has raised $210 millionBlockstream has raised $210 million in a Series B funding round that values the bitcoin technology firm at $3.2 billion and will fund an expansion into manufacturing mining chips.

U.K. investment management firm Baillie Gifford and iFinex, the parent company of cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex and stablecoin issuer Tether, participated in the round, Blockstream said Tuesday.

No other investors were mentioned.

Blockstream also said it had acquired the intellectual property and key employees of Israeli bitcoin mining hardware manufacturer Spondoolies for undisclosed terms.

World Bank refuses to help El Salvador implement BitcoinAs reported by Reuters, the World Bank has responded negatively to El Salvador's request for help in fully implementing bitcoin as legal tender in the country, citing concerns about Bitcoin’s transparency and environmental impact.

"We are committed to helping El Salvador in numerous ways including for currency transparency and regulatory processes," a World Bank spokesperson told Reuters via email.

"While the government did approach us for assistance on bitcoin, this is not something the World Bank can support given the environmental and transparency shortcomings."

Taproot locked inTaproot has locked in with Bitcoin protocol upgrade now set to activate in November.

Taproot, the Bitcoin protocol upgrade that makes smart contracts more private and compact, has locked in.

As of just now, more than 90 percent of all blocks that will be mined in the current difficulty period have signaled support for the upgrade, which means that Bitcoin Core versions 0.21.1 and newer will start enforcing the new rules in November of this year, as will the alternative Taproot activation client.

Square allocates $5 mln in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment programFinancial services company Square has allocated $5 million in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment program and has selected educational program Black Bitcoin Billionaire as the first-ever recipient for a grant from the program.

Black Bitcoin Billionaire is receiving 1 BTC from the endowment, according to Square.

The allocation comes as part of a larger commitment to invest $100 million in minority and underserved communities, originally made in September 2020.

Square announced the allocation of $25 million of this total investment yesterday and released a memo outlining more details.

Ledger completes $380 million fundraiseLedger, a hardware wallet manufacturer for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, has announced the completion of a $380 million series C investment round led by cryptocurrency-focused investment fund 10T Holdings, whose CEO will now be joining the Ledger board.

With this fundraising round, Ledger has an implied $1.5 billion valuation, conferring it the status of a “unicorn” startup.

“This Series C announcement marks the transition of Ledger from the leading digital asset security company to becoming the secure gateway to the entire digital asset ecosystem,” said Ledger’s CEO Pascal Gauthier, per the announcement.

“This industry is fast becoming mainstrea…

El Salvador officially recognizes Bitcoin as a legal tenderIn an early Wednesday vote, a supermajority of the nation’s legislature voted in favor of President Nayib Bukele’s proposal for the Latin American nation to adopt bitcoin.

The president intends to sign later tonight or early in the morning.

Sixty-two members of the legislature voted in favor of the bill, with 19 opposed and three abstentions.

HRF donates $210,000 in Bitcoin ecosystem grantsThe Human Rights Foundation (HRF) Bitcoin Development Fund's latest round will award a total of $210,000 to three Bitcoin Core contributors, two Lightning Network wallet teams and an Arabic translator.

"This round of gifts will focus on: Bitcoin core development, making it easier to run nodes and making it harder to Sybil attack nodes, wallet optimization for emerging markets, privacy improvements for Lightning apps, [and] expanding arabic language Bitcoin education and translation," announced HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein.

HRF will award the largest sum to the Bitcoin Core developers Calvin Kim, Dhruv Mehta and Abubakar Nur Khalil…

Marathon will start signaling for TaprootMara Pool, the bitcoin mining pool operated by digital asset technology company Marathon Digital Holdings, will update its miners to the latest Bitcoin Core 0.21.1 software to signal for Taproot activation, and stop censoring transactions.

"Marathon is committed to the core tenets of the Bitcoin community, including decentralization, inclusion, and no censorship," said Marathon's CEO Fred Thiel.

"Over the coming week, we will be updating all our miners to the full standard Bitcoin core 0.21.1 node, including support for Taproot.

By adopting the full standard Bitcoin core node, we will be validating transactions on the blockchain in the exact same way…

SEC Chair Gensler: We 'should be ready' to enforce crypto casesNew Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Gary Gensler remarked today that the agency "should be ready to bring cases involving issues such as crypto."

Speaking at the 2021 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Annual Conference, Gensler told the virtual conference attendees, "As we think about enforcement, to me, the idea is pretty simple: We need rules of the road and a cop on the beat to protect everyday investors and achieve our...mission."

Chinese Bitcoin miner BIT Mining to build mining data center in TexasBIT Mining will invest US$25.7 million in the Texas crypto mining facility, which it will construct and operate jointly with Dory Creek, a wholly-owned subsidiary of fellow Chinese cryptocurrency cloud mining platform Bitdeer.

The total hashrate capacity of the Texas mining center will be 57.2 MW, more than 85% of which will be sourced from low-carbon energy.

Wells Fargo becomes latest banking giant to make foray into cryptoSan Francisco-headquartered banking giant Wells Fargo is set to add its own cryptocurrency strategy for wealthy clients by mid-June.

Darrell Cronk, the president of Wells Fargo Investment Institute (WFII), claims that the bank now views crypto as a "viable investable asset":

MicroStrategy announces $10M Bitcoin purchaseAccording to its May 18 SEC filing, the company has purchased yet another $10 million worth of Bitcoin at an average price of $43,663 per coin.

The company currently holds 92,079 Bitcoins that are worth an estimated $2.251 billion.

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Не поддавайтесь эмоциям и не присоединяйтесь к паническим продавцам.

Равно как всякий раз, пересекая середину канала вниз, цена в конечном счете достигала его нижней границы (что в среднем занимало больше времени).

На сегодня цена также прошла весь путь через последнюю важную зону предложения на графике, но в данный момент еще торгуется в ее пределах.

На графике видно, что, как и в прошлом декабре, индикатор расширяется вверх и цена следует верхней границе.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

Гендиректор криптобиржи Брайан Армстронг заявил, что существующая система регулирования финансовых рынков не подходит для индустрии цифровых активов и может нанести вред ее развитию.

Первая в мире публичная криптобиржа Coinbase предложила властям США создать регулятор на федеральном уровне, который будет иметь полномочия в сфере цифровых активов.

Представители торговой платформы опубликовали в Twitter выдержки из интервью гендиректора Coinbase Брайана Армстронга The Wall Street Journal, в котором он выразил свое мнение относительно регулирования криптоиндустрии в США.

— Coinbase (@coinbase) October 14, 2021Армстронг заявил, что существующая система регулирования финансовых рынков не подходи…

Теперь эта технология используется также в других криптовалютных проектах и в бизнес-приложениях, таких как торговые финансы, денежные переводы и электронная коммерция.

ПараллельностьПараллельность означает, что на разных машинах одновременно происходят разные вычисления.

Отсутствие глобальных часовВ распределённой системе каждый участник, или машина, имеет равный вес в определении того, что верно, а что – нет.

Что такое консенсусЕсли вы поняли задачу византийских генералов, то несложно будет понять, что такое консенсус.

Он изолирован, и другие не видят его и не могут присоединиться к вашей сети.

Пpeзидeнт Meкcики Aндpec Maнуэль Лoпec Oбpaдop cкaзaл, чтo cтpaнa вpяд ли пoйдёт пo cтoпaм Caльвaдopa в пpинятии кpиптoвaлют, в тoм чиcлe биткoйнa, в кaчecтвe зaкoннoгo плaтёжнoгo cpeдcтвa нapяду c фиaтными вaлютaми.

Ha пpecc-кoнфepeнции Oбpaдop зaявил, чтo Meкcикa «дoлжнa coxpaнять opтoдoкcaльнocть» в cвoём финaнcoвoм упpaвлeнии и пo этoй пpичинe нe будeт мeнять cвoю пoзицию в oтнoшeнии кpиптoвaлют.

B июнe Бaнк Meкcики и Haциoнaльнaя кoмиccия пo бaнкoвcкoму дeлу и цeнным бумaгaм cдeлaли зaявлeниe o тoм, чтo финaнcoвыe учpeждeния «нe упoлнoмoчeны пpoвoдить и пpeдлaгaть oбщecтву oпepaции c виpтуaльными aктивaми».

Mиллиapдep и oдин из caмыx бoгaтыx людeй Meкcики Pикapдo Caлинac Плиeгo зaявлял…

Публичные майнеры биткойнов на графике выше являются всего лишь шестью из 24 на растущем рынке с капитализацией в $15,82 млрд.

Хотя это разные оценки данных и ориентиры, они дают нам приблизительное представление о картине хешрейта в США.

Аргументы в пользу биткойна как инновации в ответ на спрос и контролируемого ресурса нагрузки становятся слишком важными, чтобы их игнорировать.

Важно уменьшить масштаб при оценке чистой прочности и отказоустойчивости сети Биткойна и физической инфраструктуры, построенной вокруг неё.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

ОтRipple oфициaльнo пpиcoeдинилacь к paзpaбoткe цифpoвoгo фунтa вмecтe c нeкoммepчecкoй opгaнизaциeй Digital Pound Foundation, кoтopaя cтpeмитcя упpocтить paзвёpтывaниe цифpoвoй вaлюты Цeнтpaльнoгo бaнкa в Coeдинённoм Kopoлeвcтвe.

B Ripple зaявили, чтo этoт шaг oтpaжaeт cтpaтeгию пo paбoтe c цeнтpaльными бaнкaми, пoмoгaя им в тexничecкиx и пoлитичecкиx acпeктax paзpaбoтки CBDC.

Дoкумeнт нaпpaвлeн нa peaлизaцию пилoтнoгo пpoeктa пo упpoщeнию тpaнcгpaничныx и oптoвыx плaтeжeй c пoмoщью CBDC.

B Фoндe утвepждaют, чтo внeдpeниe CBDC будeт cпocoбcтвoвaть пepexoду Beликoбpитaнии к «иннoвaциoннoй, инклюзивнoй цифpoвoй экoнoмикe и oбщecтву».

B июнe упpaвляющий Бaнкa Aнглии Эндpю Бeйли cкaзaл, чтo вo…

Представитель регулятора назвала вложения россиян в цифровые активы потенциально значимой проблемой.

Банк России считает инвестиции россиян в криптовалюты потенциально значимой проблемой.

По ее словам, регулятор проводит опрос среди участников рынка, результаты которого позволят оценить объем инвестиций россиян в цифровые активы.

На некоторых крупных иностранных биржах торгуются деривативы на криптовалюту, которые несут огромные риски», — пояснила Данилова.

В середине сентября Банк России сообщил о планах расширить запрет на использование криптовалют на территории страны.

Социальную сеть для трейдеров TradingView, которую создали выходцы из России, инвесторы оценили в $3 млрд.

Социальная сеть для трейдеров TradingView привлекла $298 млн в ходе нового раунда, сообщил Bloomberg.

Согласно данным Crunch Base, до этого TradingView привлек в сумме $40,8 млн, последний раунд прошел в мае 2018 года.

TradingView — по сути, соцсеть для инвесторов и трейдеров, где они могут не только торговать, но и в режиме онлайн анализировать рыночную информацию, обсуждать ее и обмениваться идеями.

Денис Глоба, судя по его странице в LinkedIn (заблокирована в России), выпускник Ростовского государственного экономического университета, сейчас проживает в Лондоне.

Ha этoй нeдeлe гpуппa ceми cтpaн c paзвитoй экoнoмикoй oбcудилa цифpoвыe вaлюты цeнтpaльныx бaнкoв (CBDC) и пpишлa к вывoду, чтo oни нe дoлжны «нaвpeдить» и дoлжны cooтвeтcтвoвaть cтpoгим cтaндapтaм.

G7, кудa вxoдят Kaнaдa, Фpaнция, Гepмaния, Итaлия, Япoния, Beликoбpитaния и CШA, пocтaнoвилa, чтo любыe зaпущeнныe CBDC дoлжны пoддepживaть финaнcoвую cтaбильнocть.

Taкжe зaявляeтcя, чтo CBDC будут дoпoлнять нaличныe дeньги и мoгут дeйcтвoвaть кaк ликвидныe, бeзoпacныe pacчётныe aктивы в дoпoлнeниe к cущecтвующим плaтёжным cиcтeмaм.

«Bыпуcк CBDC дoлжeн быть ocнoвaн нa дaвниx публичныx oбязaтeльcтвax в oтнoшeнии пpoзpaчнocти, вepxoвeнcтвa зaкoнa и paзумнoгo экoнoмичecкoгo упpaвлeния», – гoвopитc…

Пользователь Эфириума, попытавшийся принять участие в продаже токенов Strips на платформе MISO децентрализованной биржи SushiSwap, заплатил комиссию $430 000 за неудачно проведенную транзакцию.

Однако в этом случае что-то пошло не так, и транзакция попала в публичный мемпул.

Тем не менее, он все равно заплатил комиссию за транзакцию, которая составила 123 ETH (около $430 000).

Она не появлялась в ретрансляторе Flashbots», – написал в Twitter менеджер по развитию продуктов Flashbots Роберт Миллер (Robert Miller).

Несколько недель назад подобная ситуация произошла с пользователем сервиса DeversiFi – он заплатил комиссию в $23.7 млн за транзакцию в стейблкойнах USDT на сумму $100 000.

ETF на фьючерсы на золото = ETF на фьючерсы на биткойн.

ETF на физическое золото = ETF на спотовый биткойн.

В конце концов, в BTC отсутствуют риски контрагента (а потребность в этом свойстве актуальна на любом уровне), предложение строго конечно и он полностью прозрачен и в равной степени аудитопригоден для всех участников.

Если такая возможность реализуется, то его потенциальный рынок окажется значительно шире… и Ethereum может так и остаться в роли догоняющего.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

Исторически подобные переходы к увеличению ончейн-активности участников рынка коррелировали с ростом интереса к активу на ранних стадиях бычьих рынков.

В предыдущий раз сеть Биткойна видела медианный размер транзакции выше 1,6 BTC в марте 2020 года, во время кризиса ликвидности.

Долгосрочные владельцы продолжают «ходлить»Поддерживая конструктивную повестку увеличения ончейн-активности, рост объема предложения монет в руках долгосрочных держателей (LTH, от Long-Term Holders) не показывает признаков замедления.

Обратите внимание, что текущие значения открытого интереса аналогичны уровням начала сентября и середины мая и в обоих случаях сопровождались значительным лонг-сквизом.

На основании пр…

Доля Китая в мировой добыче первой криптовалюты снизилась до нуля.

Россия вышла на третье место в мире по майнингу биткойна — согласно данным Кембриджского университета, доля страны в суммарных вычислительных мощностях майнеров достигла 11% в августе по сравнению с 6,8% в апреле.

В исследовании университета указано, что лидером по объемам майнинга теперь являются США (доля 35,4%).

При этом доля Китая, который до недавнего времени был крупнейшим майнинговым центром, за четыре месяца упала с 46% до нуля.

В результате этого предприятия по добыче криптовалют были вынуждены остановить работу для переезда в другие страны.

Специалист по связям с общественностью Хари Севуган присоединился к команде Uniswap Labs, стоящей за крупнейшей децентрализованной платформой Uniswap.

I'm excited to join the brilliant team at @Uniswap because they're committed to making sure we build in a way that reaches crypto's potential of giving more people ownership of their own financial futures and the value they create.

Управление по контролю за иностранными активами (OFAC) Минфина США опубликовало инструкцию для представителей криптовалютной индустрии касательно соблюдения ими американских санкций. Документ рекомендует использовать «инструменты геолокации» для выявления и блокировки IP-адресов из находящихся под ограничениями юрисдикций. В число субъектов, которые должны разработать программы оценки рисков, власти включили майнеров, технологические компании, обменники и традиционные финансовые учреждения, которые могут иметь доступ к криптовалютам. «Обязанность выполнять санкции OFAC относится в равной степени как к транзакциям с виртуальными валютами, так и с традиционными валютами […]. Участники сектора…

Комиссия по срочной биржевой торговле США (CFTC) урегулировала претензии к Tether и Bitfinex, обязав компании выплатить гражданские штрафы на общую сумму $42,5 млн. Об этом говорится на сайте регулятора. Согласно приказу, Tether оштрафована $41 млн за «ложные или вводящие в заблуждение заявления» о полном обеспечении стейблкоина USDT. Компания также обязана воздерживаться от дальнейших нарушений Закона о товарных биржах и правил CFTC. Штраф для Bitfinex за предоставление фьючерсных контрактов на платформе без регистрации и заключение внебиржевых сделок с резидентами США составил $1,5 млн. CFTC потребовала от фирмы внедрить дополнительные решения для предотвращения незаконных транзакций. «Ка…

В Объединенных Арабских Эмиратах мошенники подделали голос руководителя крупной компании и убедили банковского работника перевести $35 млн на их счета. Об этом пишет Forbes. Согласно судебному документу, в январе 2020 года менеджер одного из филиалов банка ответил на телефонный звонок якобы владельца крупной компании. Так как сотрудник ранее общался с ним, ему не удалось распознать дипфейк по голосу. Мошенники использовали фальшивые электронные письма от имени компании и ее юриста. Это позволило им убедить сотрудника банка в том, что предприятие находится в процессе заключения сделки на $35 млн. Менеджер последовательно выполнял указания звонящего и перевел средства на несколько указанных с…

Сенатор США от штата Вайоминг Синтия Ламмис заявила, что биткоин и другие «нефиатные валюты» потенциально помогут американцам и гражданам других стран справиться с надвигающимся экономическим кризисом. https://youtu.be/ycSLbmvbcf8 В минувший четверг президент США Джо Байден подписал указ о временном повышении потолка госдолга для избежания потенциального дефолта. Мера позволит покрыть национальные расходы до 3 декабря 2021 года. Документ предусматривает увеличение лимита на $480 млрд, до $28,9 трлн. Ограничения на размер госдолга вновь вступили в силу 1 августа — они не действовали на протяжении двух лет. В конце сентября министр финансов США Джанет Йеллен попросила Конгресс повысить потоло…

Queensland Investment Corporation (QIC), управляющий пенсионными накоплениями на сумму 92,4 млрд австралийских долларов ($69 млрд), рассмотрит вариант «небольших инвестиций» в криптовалюты, пишет Financial Times. Глава отдела валют QIC Стюарт Симмонс назвал первый предполагаемый транш в цифровые активы «скорее струйкой, а не потоком». Препятствиями являются неопределенность регуляторной среды и все еще неподготовленная для институциональных инвестиций инфраструктура, добавил он. Топ-менеджер также отметил потребность в большей защите от «не поддающихся количественной оценке рисков», таких как мошенничество, кража и манипулирование рынком. «Я сомневаюсь, что крупные игроки всерьез рассматрив…

We are excited to announce that MintGreen will be providing low carbon heating at scale to North Vancouver, making them the first city in the world to be heated by #Bitcoin 🌱⚡⛏️ https://t.co/fD8PHkfGNK

Арт-команда Metaverz Studio представила NFT-проект Age of Z (AOZ) — серию из 1993 футуристических персонажей, созданных для инвесторов поколения Z. Токены изображают персонажей децентрализованной утопии, построенной на принципах анонимности и информационной безопасности. «AOZ — наше видение инклюзивного и полностью децентрализованного мира. Проект создан на стыке и DeFi и NFT — в будущем владельцы персонажей смогут управлять сообществом и выпускать собственные невзвимозаменяемы токены», — прокомментировала руководитель проекта Джуни Икс (Junie X). Персонажи AOZ делятся на четыре класса: обычные (Normal, N), редкие (Rare, R), суперредкие (Super Rare, SR) и особенно суперредкие SSR (Specially…

Неизвестный вывел из пулов ликвидности DeFi-проекта Indexed Finance активы на сумму около $16 млн. Разработчики сообщили, что хакер воспользовался уязвимостью в механизме ребалансировки. Indexed Attack Post-Mortem:https://t.co/ASWB8PlcU0— Indexed Finance (@ndxfi) October 15, 2021 Indexed Finance предлагает пользователям доступ к цифровым индексам, ориентированным на криптовалютную индустрию. Эти инструменты представляют собой токены стандарта ERC-20, размещенные в пулах ликвидности под управлением «форка протокола Balancer». Для расчета процентного соотношения, цен и динамики активов проект использует оракул Uniswap. По словам разработчиков, атака затронула два индекса — DEFI5 и CC10. Для е…

Совокупная рыночная стоимость акций 52 компаний, которые в той или иной степени связаны с цифровыми активами, составляет $7,1 трлн. По мнению провайдера финансовых данных MSCI, это повышает чувствительность портфелей ценных бумаг к происходящему вокруг криптовалют. В частности, в перечень вошли биткоин-биржа Coinbase, держатели цифрового золота в качестве резервного актива Tesla и MicroStrategy, а также компании, которые стали предлагать доступ к продуктам на базе криптовалют, вроде финансового холдинга JPMorgan Chase. Институциональные инвесторы могут недооценивать «ползучее» воздействие криптовалют — акции построивших бизнес на их основе компаний попадают в индексы, а ценные бумаги добавл…

Криптовалюты играют опасную роль в торговле людьми и способствуют росту преступлений, связанных с отмыванием средств. Об этом заявил представитель Святого Престола Януш Урбанчик.

The post Ватикан раскритиковал роль криптовалют в нелегальной миграции first appeared on ForkLog.

ЦБ Японии продолжит изучать возможность выпуска CBDC, но не рассматривает ее как безальтернативный вариант решения проблем цифровизации платежей. Об этом заявил управляющий директор Синиси Утида. Он подтвердил, что у регулятора нет планов по выпуску цифровой валюты. Существует высокая вероятность того, что "платежная система с CBDC в качестве одного из элементов" станет в будущем мировым стандартом, напомнил Утида свои слова в ходе первого заседания координационного совета. Группу по цифровой валюте Банк Японии создал в марте 2021 года. По мнению директора, последующие шесть месяцев подтвердили эту тенденцию. ЕЦБ начал исследовательский этап, по результатам которого в течение двух лет решит…

Один из крупнейших ипотечных кредиторов США United Wholesale Mortgage (UMW) перестал принимать платежи в криптовалюте спустя шесть недель после запуска соответствующей программы.

Среди причин компания назвала регуляторную неопределенность и сопутствующие расходы.

В середине августа UMW сообщила, что позволит клиентам платить взносы за ипотеку с помощью биткоина.

Компания хотела изучить и протестировать новый инструмент, чтобы определить, является ли он более быстрым, простым и дешевым решением.

“We are evaluating the feasibility and requirements in order to accept cryptocurrency to satisfy mortgage payments.” – @Mishbia15

Пользователи платежного приложения Strike в 48 штатах США получили возможность мгновенной конвертации зарплатных чеков в первую криптовалюту.

Тогда разработчик приложения договорился с игроком Национальной футбольной лиги США (НФЛ) Расселом Окунгом о конвертации половины его годовой зарплаты в $13 млн.

В апреле другой игрок НФЛ Шон Калкин решился на перевод в биткоин 100% вознаграждения от клуба, который он представляет.

Pay Me in Bitcoin в Strike появится спустя две с половиной недели после реализации аналогичной инициативы биткоин-биржей Coinbase.

Компания имеет лицензии на денежные переводы в Делавэре, Мичигане, Миссисипи, Нью–Мексико и Вашингтоне и использует услуги Prime Trust для рабо…

Lido is a DAO that provides a liquid staking solution for Ethreum 2.0.

It lets users stake their Ether, without locking assets or needing to maintain infrastructure, whilst participating in on-chain activities.

Lido attempts to solve the problems associated with initial Ethereum 2.0 staking – illiquidity, minimum requirements, immovability and accessibility, by making staked Ether liquid and allowing for participation in DeFi.

Vasiliy Shapovalov, Co-founder of Lido, joined us to talk about all things Ethereum staking and the benefits of liquid staking with Lido.

The Reserve project is on a mission to provide every person in the world access to stable currency.

They are working to rebuild financial services in countries such as Argentina and Venezuela, that have suffered from high inflation and ongoing currency devaluation.

The protocol is designed to host a completely decentralized stablecoin that can not be manipulated by governments, with an end goal of a fully self-sustainable platform with decentralized governance and developments.

We were joined by Co-founder & CEO, Nevin Freeman, to chat about Reserve’s focus in Latin America, their support of activism, and the road ahead for the project.

Hermez is an open-source ZK-Rollup optimised for secure, low-cost and usable token transfers on the wings of Ethereum. The Hermez network team is currently developing the next version of the decentralised ZK-Rollup with full support of Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) by making a full set of zkEVM opcodes.Jordi Baylina, the Technical Lead at Hermez, joined us to chat about how the protocol works, the recent merge with Polygon, and the roadmap leading to Eth2.0.Topics covered in this episode:Jordi's involvement in the infamous DAO hackThe Giveth community he created with Griff GreenHow Hermez use EVM opcodes to combine zk and EVMHow the protocol works as a userHow do token transfers work?Curre…

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ParaSwap is a DEX aggregator that aims to provide the best prices over multiple DEXes on the Ethereum blockchain.

Users are able to scan dozens of exchanges for the best possible crypto price points, and get the most for their swaps.

We were joined by ParaSwap Founder, Mounir Benchemled, to chat about his role in the French DeFi community, DEX aggregators in general, and what makes ParaSwap an important slice of the DeFi ecosystem.

Mike Novogratz is the CEO of Galaxy Digital, an investment bank targeting institutional investors, which he also founded.

He was formerly a Partner and President of Fortress Investment Group LLC and prior to that Partner at Goldman Sachs.

Considered quite the risk taker, he has made and lost many fortunes over the years.

We chatted to Mike about the cross over between finance and blockchain, regulatory affairs, and of course, wrestling.

The DFINITY Foundation is a not-for-profit scientific research organization with a mission to build, promote, and maintain the Internet Computer.

The IC is a layer 1 smart contract enabled blockchain which achieves remarkable scaling properties through native sharding.

We were joined by Founder and Chief Scientist of DFINITY, Dominic Williams, who explained his deep support for smart contracts, gave us an insight into the Internet Computer Ecosystem, and shared his visions for its future.

Aztec Protocol enables private transactions on Ethereum.

It uses a zero-knowledge proof system, allowing users to effectively create shielded representations of tokens, which can then be sent and redeemed for the underlying token.

They recently launched Aztec 2.0 and their rollup service for Ethereum, zk.money.

This allows users to submit Ether to the Aztec rollup contract with the options to shield, send privately, unshield and emergency ushield (escape hatch).

The latest version also allows DeFi users to save gas and participate anonymously in DeFi transactions.

Badger is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) with a single purpose: To build the products and infrastructure necessary to accelerate Bitcoin as collateral across other blockchains.

BadgerDAO is extremely community focused and has succeeded in creating a seamlessly operating DAO out of a group of random people with a shared set of values and a mission.

BadgerDAO’s founder, Chris Spadafora, joined us to talk about how he built this decentralized community, why Bitcoin & DeFi, and the products they have created including Sett and Digg

VitaDAO is a decentralized collective funding early stage longevity research.

Their mission is to extend human lifespan by researching, financing, and commercializing longevity therapeutics in an open and democratic manner.

We were joined by Tyler Golato and Paul Kohlhaas, co-founders of Molecule and initiators of VitaDAO to talk about how drug discovery and approval currently works, what the status of longevity research is, what role IP plays — and how all of this could change in the future with DAOs like VitaDAO.

Vitalik Buterin joins us for an in-depth conversation at EthCC 4 in Paris.

During his keynote presentation, he expressed his hope for Ethereum to go beyond DeFi as he wishes to see more non-financial applications built on the platform.

From better social media platforms to novel approaches for funding public goods, from his perspective, Ethereum has the potential to change the world for the better, beyond financial applications.

EthCC is back and stronger than ever!

Despite the pandemic, ongoing travel restrictions and sanitary passes, the Ethereum France team hosted the fourth edition of the Ethereum Community Conference in Paris.

Over 1,000 people attended the week-long affair, which saw an impressive number of side events and, as always, legendary parties.

For many attendees, it was their first conference since last year’s edition, and the first time they were able to embrace their fellow Etherians since the beginning of the pandemic.

For this EthCC recap panel, we’re joined by Kaiko CEO Ambre Soubiran, Ethereum France President Jerome de Tychey, and ParaSwap Founder Mounir Benchemled.

Recently launched Osmosis is a Cosmos based and IBC enabled AMM protocol that allows for a high level of customization by liquidity providers.

As the main dex on the Cosmos network, Osmosis provides liquidity for IBC-enabled Cosmos assets like AKT and ATOM for the first time.

Head of the Osmosis development team, Sunny Aggarwal, joined us for a chat about why the protocol was built and the problem it solves, the wider Cosmos ecosystem, and the roadmap for the protocol.

Originally started with a focus on prediction markets, Gnosis has done innovative work around automated market makers (AMMs) and decentralized exchanges for years.

The latest protocol launched by the Gnosis team is CowSwap.

CowSwap introduces various innovations that could improve user experience, reduce gas costs, reduce the effects of MEV and result in better outcomes for retail traders.

We were joined by Felix Leupold, software developer at Gnosis to discuss CowSwap and the future of decentralized exchanges.

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

How does the SEC determine if a token is a security? Why is DeFi particularly hard to regulate? What will regulators do about stablecoins? On Unchained, Greg Xethalis, chief compliance[...]

The post How the Greatest Decentralizing Force for Crypto Projects Is the SEC appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

The post How the Greatest Decentralizing Force for Crypto Projects Is the SEC appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Fereshteh Forough is the founder and CEO of Code to Inspire, a coding school for girls in Afghanistan.

She discusses her background as a refugee, how she uses crypto to fund the school and pay students, and how the US military’s departure has affected student life.

Topics include:Fereshteh’s journey from refugee to computer science professor to founder and CEO of Code to Inspirewhat Code to Inspire offers to young Afghan women and what risks they take by getting an educationhow Code to Inspire success stories are changing the attitudes of student’s families and communitiesthe importance of Afghan Hero Girl, a video game created by Code to Inspire studentswhy crypto payments are a better alt…

Rhea Myers, artist, hacker, writer, and senior smart contract developer at Dapper Labs, has been making crypto art before NFTs were a thing. Check out this episode to learn about[...]

The post How OG Crypto Artist Rhea Myers Sold a Never-Seen Artwork at Sotheby’s appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Once the block reward diminishes greatly, can Bitcoin be secured only by transaction fees?

On Unchained, Bitcoin writer Vijay Boyapati and Ethereum Foundation’s Justin Drake debate the merits of Bitcoin’s security model, which Drake says will largely rely on transaction fees as soon as within 20-30 years, not in 100+ years.

Hey all, the Unchained survey is out now, and we’d so appreciate it if you could give us your thoughts on how Unchained is doing and what we could do better.

Plus, we’ve got some questions for you about Laura’s upcoming book launch and the articles that she’s already starting to write!

Decrypt: https://decrypt.co/33124/what-will-happen-to-bitcoin-after-all-21-million-are…

Audius, a blockchain native music streaming platform, hit six million monthly active users in August and announced a partnership with TikTok. Roneil Rumburg, co-founder and CEO of Audius, talks about[...]

The post How Crypto Streaming Service Audius Hit Six Million Monthly Active Users appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Pplpleasr, the artist behind Fortune magazine’s recent crypto cover and Uniswap’s V3 announcement animation, talks about her crypto journey and how NFTs are changing the game for creators.

Show highlights:how not getting a job at Apple changed her life foreverhow the Pplpleasr-Uniswap collaboration came aboutwhat goes into her creative processhow Pplpleasr got hired for the Fortune magazine coverwhy she chose to represent anon-avatars on the Fortune coverwhy Pplpleasr was surprised by Fortune’s response to her artwork (and crypto in general)what sort of crypto personas are represented on the Fortune cover and whyhow NFTs are changing the paradigm of monetization for creators compared to the…

BitGo CEO Mike Belshe and COO Jeff Horowitz talk about one of the hottest topics facing the crypto industry today: regulation. They discuss… what BitGo does why Jeff left his[...]

The post BitGo on Why the Travel Rule Should Not Apply to Digital Assets appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

NFTs are the talk of the metaverse, EIP 1559 just went live, and DeFi stats are rebounding.

On Unchained, Fredrik Haga, cofounder and CEO at Dune Analytics, along with Richard Chen, general partner at 1confirmation, discuss the booming Ethereum ecosystem through the lens of on-chain data, diving into NFTs, DeFi, ETH, and their favorite layer 2s.

Show highlights:why Ethereum is on such a pronounced upswingwhy on-chain metrics lead to superior information reportingmind-blowing OpenSea statisticswhy NFTs are so hot at the momenthow Richard explains NFTs to normieswhether the NFT market is sustainablewhat makes an NFT drop pop and why profile pics (PFPs) matterhow Polygon NFTs compare to Ethere…

Ethereum just went through its most complex upgrade ever.

Justin Drake, researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, discusses what the upgrade, aka the London hard fork, means for ether’s future as what he calls “ultra-sound money.” At the end of the episode, he also drops a few Bitcoin hot takes.

Show highlights:his background and how he got involved in cryptohow EIP 1559 will affect Ethereum now that it is livewhy burning ether is good for the Ethereum economywhat two concepts are crucial to understanding moneywhat three ways ether is used as moneywhy he believes ether will become “ultra sound money,” when gold and silver are just “sound money”what the main drivers of ETH’s value arehow the me…

CFTC Commissioners Dan Berkovitz and Brian Quintenz discuss the difficulties of regulating crypto derivatives and DeFi.

Show highlights:their backgroundswhat the CFTC’s duties are regarding cryptohow the CFTC’s jurisdiction has evolved over the yearswhy Commissioner Quintenz believes SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce’s safe harbor proposal is “brilliant”what relationship the CFTC and SEC have when making decisions on crypto assetswhy the commissioners believe CFTC’s complaints regarding BitMEX are “well-founded”why formal regulation for crypto derivatives is unlikely to be produced by the CFTCwhy leveraged derivatives products are a “concern” to the CFTCwhat makes regulating DeFi platforms so …

ShapeShift recently announced an intent to decentralize — a move that would transition the one-time centralized exchange to a full-on DAO.

Erik Voorhees, founder and CEO of ShapeShift, comes onto the show to talk about decentralizing the exchange, along with his thoughts on Bitcoin maximalism and crypto regulation.

Show highlights:why ShapeShift is decentralizing the companyhow ShapeShift used to workwhat needs to happen for ShapeShift to decentralizewhy user experience should not change during the transitionhow the FOX token workswhat parts of a company cannot be decentralized yethow ShapeShift’s forthcoming foundation will functionhow ShapeShift decided upon the allocations for the FOX to…

Gurvais Grigg, Chainalysis public sector CTO, and Kim Grauer, director of research at Chainalysis, review the ransomware landscape.

Show Highlights:their backgrounds and roles at Chainalysishow a ransomware attack workswhat types of businesses are usually targeted in ransomware attackswhy ransomware as a service (RAAS) is a booming businesswhy Kim and Gurvais believe the hacking group REvil is becoming more sophisticatedwhat characteristic of REvil hints that the group could be affiliated with Russiahow the RAAS business model workshow ransomware payments can be trackedwhy ransomware reporting has a data problemwhy Bitcoin is the preferred method of payment amongst ransomware attackerswhat …

Aaron Wright, co-founder of OpenLaw and Professor at Cardozo Law, and Ross Campbell, SushiSwap core developer and LexDAO contributor, discuss the latest breakthroughs and legal implications in the burgeoning world[...]

The post Can a DAO Go to Court? According to Two DAO Legal Experts… Probably appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

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About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Brian Fabian Crain, a fellow podcaster from Epicenter, founder of Chorus One and an early member of the Berlin crypto community.

The conversation starts from Brian’s early involvement in Bitcoin in 2013 and his role in the local Berlin community, leading him to launch the Epicenter podcast.

Here are some links for this episode:Keep an eye on the Zero Knowledge Podcast website, something pretty cool is coming soon!

At EY, they are investing in tools, like our smart contract review service to assess consistency with standards and best practices.

Users can run pre-defined automated tests and simulate smart contract execution by configuring selected …

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun host Tracheopteryx and Facu, two core devs at Yearn.finance, to take an introductory dive into the past and present of Yearn.

Starting from Yearn’s spontaneous assembly in the Summer of DeFi (2020), Trach & Facu tell their personal stories of how they joined the project and where it got to since.

Mina is a layer-one protocol, creating a private gateway between the real world and crypto.

And snark-powered dapps, called Snapps, allow access to verified real world data from any website for on-chain use.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeRead up on the r/ZKPodcast subredditGive us feedback!

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Josh chat with Jill Gunter (nèe Carlson), a well-known investor and crypto advocate, to dive deep into the eternal dilemma of privacy vs. transparency and how ZKPs can finally give us the tools to be more nuanced about our society’s approach to privacy.

This topic touches aspects such as crypto & DeFi privacy, how regulation may be applied to them, and why ZKPs and their power of selective disclosure can change the paradigm of privacy.

They provide security consulting services, develop open source products and contribute to the advancement of learning and research in the field.

They have recently published a whitepaper on Zero Knowledge Access Passes, a…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with John Light and Samuel JJ Gosling, two passionate privacy advocates and DAO thinkers.

This topic was brought up in a recent zkSessions focused on Privacy in NFTs and DAOs spurring a deeper dive into the subject.

John brings his past experience at Aragon, and now Sovryn, to discuss what is a DAO and what are its needs in privacy and collusion protection.

Here are some links for this episode:Be sure to check out the upcoming ZK Jobs Fair!

In the meantime, you can check out the ZK Jobs Board!

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Kristy-Leigh Minehan, a crypto and mining veteran primarily known for developing the ProgPow hashing algorithm.

She offers a unique and in-depth perspective into the world of Proof of Work mining, starting from the early days of Bitcoin and moving into the first Bitcoin ASICs, the Ethereum GPU mining era, all the way to the present day of staking dominance.

Some of these stories come from Kristy’s direct involvement in Genesis Mining, Core Scientific, ProgPow and her connection to the Ethereum mining community, which helps shed light on what miners will do after the Merge.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on Yout…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun chat with Sunny Aggarwal and Dev Ojha about their new project Osmosis, an AMM built into the Cosmos ecosystem using the IBC interoperability protocol.

Osmosis brings some interesting innovations to the AMM table, starting from the seamless IBC integration to customizable bonding curves and per-pool governance to promote experimentation.

Sunny and Dev are also very passionate about the topic of MEV, diving into the various types of value extraction, how MEV is mitigated on other networks and how it could be largely eliminated on Osmosis through threshold cryptography.

Least Authority will soon be releasing a whitepaper on ZKAPs – Zero-Knowledge Acc…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсудили устройство и децентрализацию 1inch network и тенденции развития DeFi в целом.

00:40:40 — Кому и в какой пропорции раздавались гавернанс-токены?

00:57:20 — Как 1inch работает с майнерами?

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проценты, устанавливаете свои сроки и условия, без необходимости предоставлять какие-либо документы или проходить KYC.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

00:09:12 Глава 1: Десять главных трендов на 2021 00:32:33 Глава 2: Десять людей, за которыми нужно сделить в 2021 00:41:43 Глава 3: Десять инвестиционных идей на 2021 00:50:52 Глава 4: Десять трендов для Биткоина и crypto monies 01:12:44 Глава 5: Десять трендов для Ethereum 01:33:26 Продолжение следует!

Ссылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проце…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Josh Scigala, founder and CEO of Vaultoro, and co-founder of new stablecoin project "The Stan…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Marian Tupy, editor of HumanProgress.org.

Marian overviews some facts and findings from Huma…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Amanda Cavaleri, investor and entrepreneur.

We discuss Bitcoin surrounding the current langua…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Fernando interview successful investor and economist Dr. Marc Faber on a post-gold world order, 50 years on.…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Fernando interview expert economist and monetary historian Larry White on a post-gold world order, 50 years …

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Uri, a true Bitcoin OG, who mined bitcoins with his buddies in 2009 alongside Satoshi.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Alec, and Michel discuss the perennial promise of privacy, how it's being bombarded on all fronts, for all of u…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Charles Finfrock, Insider Threat Director at a large publicly traded company (his views discu…

Show support appreciated: https://donations.cryptovoices.com Show Sponsor:

https://hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Matthew & Alec break down some recent developments including: - Free tech vs. open tech

- Housing market

- States' rights in the pandemic

- Can you predict inflation?

- Monetary base vs. Price inflation

- Gold wars

- Alec on the Anom story

- Revisiting the ever-present meme of Bitcoin & crime (keeping perspective with what happens in fiat world)

- Is God on your team? Or better, are Philistines not on your team? Listen on to learn more. Links for more info:

https://www.haloprivacy.com/

https://cryptovoices.com/basemoney

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANOM

https://www.wsj.com/arti…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec interview Todd Weaver, founder and CEO of Purism.

If you don't have a Purism laptop or phone, …

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec team up with Rodolfo Novak from Coinkite for a great ep on privacy and hardware wallets.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew teams up with two new hosts for covering new topics and a different direction for the show.

Michel from…

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Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.2 is now available for download.

See the release notes for more information about the many new features and bug fixes in this release.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 22.0 is now available for download.

See the release notes for more information about the many new features and bug fixes in this release.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.1 is now available for download.

As described in detail in the release notes, miner block templates produced by this version of Bitcoin Core will signal readiness to enforce taproot during the roughly three month period specified by BIP341.

Note: due to a problem with the certificate authority that provides the code signing certificates for the Windows versions of Bitcoin Core, users on Windows will need to click through an extra prompt to install.

If you are planning to upgrade anyway, there’s no reason to delay using 0.21.1 because of this problem.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

An API to issue and manage digital assets on the Liquid Network.

Today, the Liquid Network is building new bridges between the traditional finance world of regulated securities and the blockchain technology pioneered by Bitcoin.

Purpose-Built for Asset IssuanceThe Liquid Network expands the range of options available to financial institutions and businesses, helping form the infrastructure needed for a robust digital securities platform.

Assets can then be registered with a name, ticker, and icon for display in apps integrated with the Liquid Asset Directory.

If your business already has an issuance platform, you can seamlessly integrate AMP by obtaining an API access token and following th…

Blockstream is proud to announce that the fourth tranche of the Blockstream Mining Note Series 1 (BMN1) will be available to investors on STOKR, Wednesday, October 6th, 2021 (10.00 AM CET).

Given the strong demand demonstrated in tranche three and our commitment to broadening access to Bitcoin mining, tranche four will be capped at one BMN1 per investor.

The Blockstream Mining NoteThe BMN provides qualifying investors exposure to Bitcoin mining through a security token issued on the Liquid Network.

The Bitfinex tranche and listing are proceeding on schedule and we look forward to executing this tranche in the coming weeks.

Get Familiar With The Fourth Tranche on STOKRThe BMN is available to…

An API to issue and manage digital assets on the Liquid Network.

The engineering team at Blockstream has been hard at work preparing for the Liquid Network’s protocol upgrade, Dynamic Federations (DynaFed).

The hard fork allows for DynaFed to be proposed in blocks and lays the groundwork for its deployment in the near future.

Leverage the Liquid NetworkWhile the Liquid Network is formally operated by functionaries and members, anyone can participate in the network with a full Liquid node.

For Bitcoiners interested in the Liquid Network and wanting to learn more about its benefits, we recommend joining the Liquid Telegram or visiting the official website.

Third Tranche Of The Blockstream Mining Note Available FridayBlockstream is proud to announce that the third tranche of the Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) will be available to investors on STOKR, Friday, September 17th, 2021 (CET).

Tranche three will total €4.7M (~ $5.5M USD) and each BMN will be offered at €240,000 (~ $280,000 USD).

The Blockstream Mining NoteThe BMN provides qualifying investors exposure to Bitcoin mining through a security token issued on the Liquid Network.

Investors will also be able to trade at a lower denomination on the Bitfinex Securities platform, ensuring a more efficient price discovery process.

Get Familiar With The Third Tranche on STOKRThe BMN is available…

Using Bitcoin’s scripting abilities, funds stored in Blockstream Green wallets can be secured by the 2-of-2 signature requirement and also automatically revert to only needing a signature from the user to spend after a predetermined amount of time.

Our Multisig Shield is only available in Blockstream Green, and wallets created using it cannot be imported into other wallet apps.

A much requested feature for Blockstream Green has been the ability to create singlesig wallets, and today we’re excited to announce support for this feature.

Singlesig wallets created with Blockstream Green are highly portable and bring much stronger guarantees for recoverability.

More Features Coming SoonAfter …

We are very excited to announce a partnership with financial services giant Macquarie to develop and manage best-in-class, zero-emission Bitcoin mining facilities.

This partnership opens a wide range of exciting Bitcoin and mining related opportunities for both Macquarie and Blockstream.

Green MiningOur new partnership with Macquarie builds on previously announced collaborations with Aker and Square to build out alternative and renewable-powered Bitcoin mining projects.

Partner With UsIf you or your company are interested in learning more about mining colocation services with Blockstream Mining, you can reach out to our team through the form available on our Blockstream Mining page.

For all…

The Blockstream Mining Note Is Coming Soon to Bitfinex Securities LtdWe’re very excited to see the launch of Bitfinex Securities Ltd, a new security token (STO) exchange.

The Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) will also be one of the first assets listed on this new platform.

The Blockstream Mining NoteThe BMN provides qualifying investors exposure to Bitcoin mining through a security token issued on the Liquid Network.

Greater Liquidity for the Bitcoin Mining IndustryOne of the key value propositions of the BMN is bringing liquidity to the historically illiquid Bitcoin mining industry.

Visit Bitfinex Securities LtdKeep an eye on Bitfinex Securities Ltd for updates on when the BMN will be avail…

To accelerate our Bitcoin mining capabilities, we have acquired mining hardware manufacturer Spondoolies for equity and cash as part of our Series B fundraising.

From inception, the Spondoolies team envisioned transforming the mining industry into a highly professional operation where miners use high-quality, reliable, and durable equipment.

And just last week, we launched Blockstream Energy, a new mining product that will incentivize renewable energy use by scaling energy demand with our modular mining units (MMUs).

If you or your company are interested in learning more about forming a partnership with Blockstream Mining or how you can integrate Bitcoin mining into your operations, reach o…

Today we are excited to announce that we have raised $210 million as part of our Series B financing on a valuation of $3.2 billion.

I am convinced of the potential of tokenized securities on the Liquid Network to be transformative for the architecture of capital markets.

Today, we continue to scale all aspects of our operations and deliver key Bitcoin infrastructure through our best-in-class offerings.

Major securities issuances, such as the Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) and EXO, are two examples of the innovation taking place on the Liquid Network.

Bringing together Liquid tokens and Blockstream Mining, the BMN security token enables investors to have exposure to Bitcoin mining with market…

Our new service, Blockstream Energy, uses Bitcoin mining to deliver scalable energy demand to power generation projects, increasing efficiency and improving the economics of renewable projects around the world.

In turn, this accelerates ROI on renewable energy investments and incentivizes further investment in renewable sourced Bitcoin and alternative energy use in general.

Unlocking Energy with the Blockstream Modular Mining UnitAt the heart of Blockstream Energy are the Blockstream Modular Mining Units (MMUs)—self-contained and remotely operated Bitcoin mining facilities.

By monetizing previously stranded or otherwise wasted energy, Blockstream Energy maximizes ROI for energy producers …

Today we’re excited to unveil Greenlight, our latest Lightning Network service.

The new service provides simple, secure access to the Lightning Network, allowing anyone to spin up their Lightning node in the cloud while retaining complete control over their funds.

Lightning SimplifiedGreenlight allows anyone to boot up their personal Lightning node on our cloud infrastructure in seconds and take full control over their funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

Over the last several months, we’ve been working hard behind the scenes to give the Blockstream Explorer a proper facelift.

We’ve also overhauled explorer navigation by rethinking link placement, navigation tools, and by adding a completely new menu.

Your favorite block and transaction details unique to the Blockstream Explorer are still available in the updated UI, including SegWit fee savings, privacy analysis, and peg-in and peg-outs between Bitcoin and Liquid.

Tor users can also continue to reach the Blockstream Explorer via our Tor Onion address.

Explore the New UI NowThe new Blockstream Explorer is now up and running!

After successfully completing a fully subscribed second tranche last week, BMN mining is now live.

Capital raised now totals €6.6M ($7.8M USD) with just over 33 BMN issued.

The BMN entitles investors to the Bitcoin mined by up to 2,000 TH/s of hashrate.

Bitcoin mined are secured in cold storage and delivered upon maturity of a three-year term.

Following several quarters of constrained hashrate growth on the back of the global semiconductor shortage, aggressive policy changes in China, and a record downward difficulty adjustment, Bitcoin mining is very profitable.

We’re proud to announce our collaborative effort with Square, Inc. to build an open-source, solar-powered Bitcoin mining facility at one of our Blockstream Mining sites in the United States.

Ultimately, we hope to demonstrate how bitcoin mining in conjunction with renewable energy can help drive the clean energy transition.

Our solar mining facilities are designed to be scalable, enabling us to add additional capacity and support more participants to significantly expand renewable mining operations.

Get MiningWe’re already working with Aker, and now Square, to pursue alternative and renewable energy Bitcoin mining, and have even more exciting news on this front to share soon.

If you’r…

● Proposal for transaction heritage identifiers: a post by pseudonymous developer John Law was submitted to the Bitcoin-Dev and Lightning-Dev mailing lists.

For example, 0123...cdef:0:1 indicates the current transaction input is spending the second child of the first output of txid 0123...cdef .

Floating transactions allow participants to create signatures for a particular output without knowing its txid as long as they otherwise satisfy the conditions in that output’s script.

Discussion of the ideas was complicated due to not all participants being willing to use the mailing lists.

If discussion on the lists resumes, we’ll summarize any notable updates in a future newsletter.

Also included are our regular sections with popular questions and answers from the Bitcoin Stack Exchange, ideas for preparing for taproot’s activation, and descriptions of notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

But it still feels like Bitcoin wallet software has regressed since the days when everyone used legacy addresses and could easily trade signed messages.

Generic signmessage support would be a useful addition to Bitcoin.

● Bitcoin Core 0.21.2 is a release for a maintenance version of Bitcoin Core.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI)…

You should be able to adapt these instructions for testing receives and spends between your own wallet and Bitcoin Core.

Once built, start signet:$ bitcoind -signet -daemonIf this is your first time using signet, you’ll need to sync its block chain.

That’s smaller in vbytes than the witness which would’ve been required if this was a P2WPKH spend or any other type of older Bitcoin spend.

● Bitcoin Core 0.21.2rc2 is a release candidate for a maintenance version of Bitcoin Core.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement…

This week’s newsletter describes a new proposal for a covenant opcode and summarizes a request for feedback on implementing regular reorgs on signet.

The cold wallet key becomes the taproot internal key, allowing it to spend the funds any time.

TLUV allows that script to specify how that part of the merkle tree should be modified.

TLUV allows any single member to exit at any time without requiring anything be presigned or affecting any other users, beyond revealing that one member has left the joinpool.

This allows TLUV to constrain where the bitcoins can be spent (the definition of a covenant ), similar to other proposed opcodes such as OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK (CSFS) and OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIF…

The review club compared legacy block download with BIP152-style compact block download and discussed why blocksonly nodes don’t benefit from the latter.

Peers indicate that they want to use compact block relay by sending sendcmpct at the start of the connection.

The node can use the compact block shortids to look for the block transactions in its mempool and cache of extra transactions.

Compact block relay reduces bandwidth usage for nodes that have a mempool because they don’t need to re-download the majority of block transactions.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interf…

P2TR Channels.

Unfortunately, every LN channel requires cooperation between two signers, and in the current pre-taproot Bitcoin, every 2-of-2 script is openly coded.

The existing channel uses the existing P2WSH 2-of-2 scheme and has to be closed in order to switch to a P2TR channel.

For P2TR channels, we should note that while this is “only” between two direct peers, it also has lower benefits.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

For x equivalent paths, the base fee would be x times as high.

It may be possible to solve this problem algorithmically in the long term, but the easiest solution for implementers of the algorithm would be to eliminate the base fee.

The base fee allows a node to require that it be compensated for those costs.

Using the resultant point (which Bob doesn’t know is now just the point Alice originally received from Carol), Bob constructs the adaptor he gives to Carol.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (B…

Recall one more time that the signature adaptor the donor published was their actual signature minus the scalar.

When the hidden number is discovered and somebody sends the 1,000 BTC transaction, they must publish the original (valid) signature commitment.

Bob can take that (valid) signature commitment and subtract from it the (invalid) signature commitment in the original signature adaptor to get the scalar.

● Bitcoin Core 0.21.2rc1 is a release candidate for a maintenace version of Bitcoin Core.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Serve…

a transaction), your public key, and a public nonce.

It’s only possible for you to balance that equation if you know your private key and the private form of the nonce.

The public key is a stand-in for your private key.

The partial public nonces are combined together to produce an aggregated public nonce which is included with the message to sign.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

For example, looking at block 692,039, we can distinguish not just the multisig spends from the single-sig spends but also distinguish between different set sizes and thresholds for the multisigs.

For infrequently used wallets, all the nonces needed for the entire wallet lifetime can be shared up front.

For more frequently used wallets (e.g.

In the normal case, the above has exactly as much efficiency and privacy as a single-sig or multisignature transaction.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs)…

Selected Q&A from Bitcoin Stack ExchangeBitcoin Stack Exchange is one of the first places Optech contributors look for answers to their questions—or when we have a few spare moments to help curious or confused users.

Preparing for taproot #6: learn taproot by using itA weekly series about how developers and service providers can prepare for the upcoming activation of taproot at block height 709,632.

However, taproot support was also merged into Bitcoin Core, allowing the notebooks to drop their dependency on a custom branch of Bitcoin Core.

Applying the knowledge from section 1, you then create and spend a taproot output using MuSig.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes thi…

This week’s newsletter describes recent changes to services and client software, discusses why wallets should wait before generating taproot addresses, lists new software releases and release candidates, and summarizes notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Changes to services and client softwareIn this monthly feature, we highlight interesting updates to Bitcoin wallets and services.

A weekly series about how developers and service providers can prepare for the upcoming activation of taproot at block height 709,632.

In addition to its release notes, see the descriptions of Eclair #1871 and #1846 in the notable changes section below.

Notable code and documentation chang…

● Request for OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK design suggestions: Jeremy Rubin posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a draft specification for an OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK opcode and asked for feedback from any developers who would prefer an alternative design.

Some alternatives were discussed, but the thread also branched off into a discussion about whether an OP_CAT opcode should be introduced at the same time.

OP_CAT and OP_CSFS would enable arbitrary transaction introspection—the ability to receive bitcoins to a script that could check almost any part of the transaction that later spends those bitcoins.

This can enable many advanced features (including versions of other proposed upgrades like SIGHASH_…

Also included are our regular sections describing how to prepare for taproot, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

News● BIPs for output script descriptors: Andrew Chow posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a proposed set of BIPs to standardize output script descriptors.

Descriptors were originally implemented for Bitcoin Core and have seen increased adoption over the past year by other projects.

Tapscript multisig: for legacy and v0 segwit, the multi() and sortedmulti() descriptors support the OP_CHECKMULTISIG opcode.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-L…

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Binance has said it's now requiring all users to complete Intermediate Verification amid mounting compliance pressure from worldwide regulators.

The world's largest exchange said in an announcement on Friday that effective immediately, all new users now must complete Intermediate Verification to access Binance's services, including cryptocurrency deposits, trades and withdrawals.

Per Binance's Identity Verification process, an Intermediate Verification includes the submissions of government-issued ID as well as facial verification.

Warp will allow developers to take their battle-tested, audited Ethereum smart contracts, transpile them to Cairo, and deploy them on StarkNet seamlessly.

Tally …

Just a note: I filled in for Ryan on last week’s Bankless Weekly Rollup which you can watch here.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekThe U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has fined crypto exchange Poloniex $10 million for operating an "unregistered online digital asset exchange."

The SEC claims the exchange sold digital assets that were securities — although the exchange was not registered to do so.

Polygon has acquired the Hermez Network for $250 million and has committed $1 billion towards building zk crypto technology.

The LyraDAO has raised $1 million from the SynthetixDAO which is one of the first instances of “DAO to DAO” business development.

Since it went live last week (and at time of writing), the network has already burned over 18,000 ETH!

In case you missed it, Eric and I joined a bunch of people on a livestream around the time that EIP-1559 went live - you can watch that here.

Indeed, while Gensler described himself as "technology-neutral," he went on to claim that he is "anything but public policy-neutral."

"As new technologies come along, we need to be sure we’re achieving our core public policy goals," Gensler continued.

The financing was led by Dragonfly, with participation from Bain Capital Ventures, Nascent, Variant, Robot Ventures, and theLAO, among others.

With immediate effect, new users from these countries will no longer be able to open accounts with Binance to trade crypto derivatives.

As for existing users, Binance said it will announce a date later, and from that date, users from these countries will have 90 days to close their open positions.

The report said the investigation "is focused on conduct that occurred years ago, when Tether was in its more nascent stages."

Tidal Finance went live with StaFi, Xend Finance, Marlin and EasyFi as initial launch clients for subscription-based weekly adjusted insurance model.

Ondo is a new primitive built to accelerate DeFi adoption among mainstream investors by enabling the granular exchange of r…

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🇪🇹 Trolling the TrollsThe Ethereum community is undefeated in its ability to take something that is meant as a negative and turn it into a positive.

In other news, I joined Crypto Texan for a chat with the Index Coop which you can listen to here.

Notably, these offerings are not themselves crypto investments, but rather trusts based on the performance of crypto assets.

Content updates, CLR funding round for eth2 projects, translation program and community growth plans all detailed in this update.

This program allows users to earn 15 LDO for every ETH staked using their unique Lido referral link.

Personally I think this is a really cool and innovative way to fund an Ethereum project and it allows basically anyone with an Ethereum wallet and some ETH to get involved - just another industry that Ethereum is democratizing.

By using Hop Bridge, users can now instantly transfer USDC between Ethereum, Polygon and xDAI.

StarkNet Alpha 1 has two new features - layer 1 <> layer 2 interaction and on-chain data.

The Gnosis Safe has now been deployed to the layer 2 solution Arbitrum as well as the Polygon PoS sidechain.

Users can deposit alUSD and mUSD at launch into the Vault to earn MTA and a share of trading fees.

The deal values Circle at $4.5 billion and comes after Circle raised $440 million from investors including Fidelity, Valor Capital Group and the London-based hedge fund Marshall Wace in May.

There was also an update provided regarding the gas situation on Optimism and the Synthetix June monthly update was also published.

Joining 1kx and Galaxy are 1confirmation, Defiance Capital, Assembly Capital, LD Capital, Wintermute, Laconia Ventures, and former wealth management executive Phil DiIorio.

There is now a price to earnings (P/E) ratio included on Token Terminal, alongside the price to sales (P/S) ratio.

Interesting TweetsEcosystem BitsBlog PostsPodcastsVideosHow To Create A Set On TokenSets…

- AnthonyNews of the WeekSouth Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb has banned its employees from trading on its own platform.

TP ICAP, the world's biggest interdealer broker, is set to launch a crypto trading platform for institutional investors.

EY is open-sourcing the prototype code for Nightfall 3, a Layer 2 protocol focused on Ethereum scaling that utilizes zero-knowledge proofs.

Aave Pro will be the first permissioned decentralized liquidity protocol being co-launched by Aave and Fireblocks.

Also participating in the round was Skyfall Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, imToken Ventures, Mechanism Capital and QCP Capital.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #122Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Decentralized Exchanges.

Paper Title: Aurora: a probabilistic algorithm for distributed ledgers enabling trustless synchronization and transaction inclusion verification.

Paper Title: Non-fungible token (NFT) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations.

Authors: Lennart Ante*,Affiliations: * Blockchain Research Lab.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

Paper Title: Zero-Knowledge Middleboxes.

Paper Title: Sharding-Based Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols: Security Analysis.

Paper Title: Property rights in the Crypto age: NFTs and the auctioning of limited edition artwork.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

Paper Title: Estimating the Node Degree of Public Peers and Detecting Sybil Peers Based on Address Messages in the Bitcoin P2P Network.

Summary: The behavior of the spamming peers can be used to determine the number of neighbors of public peers and to find Sybil peers (peers that have multiple addresses).

Paper Title: Smart Contracts, Real-Virtual World Convergence and Economic Implications.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #119Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Kadcast-NG: A Structured Broadcast Protocol for Blockchain Networks.

In such networks, broadcast is known to be an inefficient operation in terms of message complexity and overhead.

In contrast, the Kadcast protocol is a structured peer-to-peer protocol for block and transaction propagation in blockchain networks.

Lastly, it introduces a QUIC-based prototype implementation of the Kadcast protocol and shows its merits through deployment in a large-scale cloud-based testbed.

Paper Title: MiCA and DeFi ('Proposal for a Regulation on Market in Crypto-Assets' and 'Decentralised Finance').

Paper Title: Improving Blockchain Consistency by Assigning Weights to Random Blocks.

Authors: Nicholas Franzese*, Jonathan Katz†, Steve Lu‡, Rafail Ostrovsky§, Xiao Wang*, and Chenkai Weng*,Affiliations: * Northwestern University, † University of Maryland, ‡ Stealth Software Technologies, Inc., and § UCLA.

Paper Title: Shorter and Faster Post-Quantum Designated-Verifier zkSNARKs from Lattices.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

TLDR: Blockchain analysis is essential for understanding how cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are used in practice, and address clustering is a cornerstone of blockchain analysis.

First, it builds a ground truth set of transactions with known change from the Bitcoin blockchain that can be used to validate the efficacy of individual change address detection heuristics.

After applying the proposed prediction model to the Bitcoin blockchain, it analyzes the resulting clustering and develops ways to detect and prevent cluster collapse.

Authors: Sanket Kanjalkar*, Ye Zhang†, Shreyas Gandlur‡, and Andrew Miller§,Affiliations: * Blockstream Research, † New York University, ‡ Princeton University, and…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #116Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Stochastic Modelling of BlockchainConsensus.

Paper Title: A First Look into the Structural Properties and Resilience of Blockchain Overlays.

Paper Title: Stochastic Performance Modeling for Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus in Blockchain.

Paper Title: High-Frequency Connectedness between Bitcoin and Other Top-Traded Crypto Assets during the COVID-19 Crisis.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #115Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Layer Zero: Characterizing the Bitcoin Network through Measurements, Models, and Simulations.

TLDR: In recent years, research has shown the networking layer’s significant influence on the scalability, security, and privacy of blockchain systems.

Summary: A model for the block verification time of Zcash based on transaction features and a benchmark of the Zcash client’s block verification process and its employed cryptographic primitives to support and evaluate the model.

Paper Title: JACK THE RIPPLER: Arbitrage on the Decentralized Exchange of the XRP Ledger.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Pro…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #114Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Oracle Design Patterns.

Hence, blockchain oracles are introduced to mitigate the issue and are defined as trusted third-party services that send and verify the external information (i.e., feedback) and submit it to smart contracts for triggering state changes in the blockchain.

This paper studies and analyzes blockchain oracles with regard to how they provide feedback to the blockchain and smart contracts.

Paper Title: STO vs. ICO: A Theory of Token Issues under Moral Hazard and Demand Uncertainty.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making k…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #113Paper of the Week:Paper Title: DeFi Protocol Risks: the Paradox of DeFi.

Paper Title: On the deployment of FlyClient as a velvet fork: chain-sewing attacks and countermeasures.

Paper Title: Don’t Count on One to Carry the Ball Scaling BFT without Sacrifing Efficiency.

Paper Title: Security Tokens.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

Paper Title: Modeling Coordinated vs. P2P Mining: An Analysis of Inefficiency and Inequality in Proof-of-Work Blockchains.

Paper Title: PoDT: A Secure Multi-chains Consensus Scheme Against Diverse Miners Behaviors Attacks in Blockchain Networks.

Paper Title: The non-fungible token (NFT) market and its relationship with Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Paper Title: Blockchain, Privacy, and Artwork Registries: Consensus between Constraints.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #111Paper of the Week:Paper Title: GoAT: File Geolocation via Anchor Timestamping.

This work defines what it means for a PoGeoRet scheme to be complete and sound, in the process making important extensions to prior formalism.

Paper Title: Topological Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Multilayer Blockchain Networks.

Authors: Dorcas Ofori-Boateng*, Ignacio Segovia Dominguez†, Murat Kantarcioglu†, Cuneyt G. Akcora‡, and Yulia R. Gel†,Affiliations: * Portland State University, † University of Texas at Dallas, and ‡ University of Manitoba.

Paper Title: SoK: Privacy-Preserving Computing in the Blockchain Era.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #110Paper of the Week:Paper Title: A Permissionless Proof-of-Stake Blockchain with Best-Possible Unpredictability (or, How to Mimic Bitcoin via Proof-of-Stake).

Among other features, the design achieves the “best possible” unpredictability for permissionless proof-of-stake protocols.

Authors: Lei Fan*, Jonathan Katz†, Phuc Thai‡, and Hong-Sheng Zhou‡,Affiliations: * Shanghai Jiaotong University, † University of Maryland, and ‡ Virginia Commonwealth University.

Summary: A robust, secure, and scalable consensus protocol for a permissionless blockchain suitable for deployment in an adversarial environment such as the Internet.

Paper Title: Should Central Banks Use Distri…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #109Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Internet Computer Consensus.

The ICC protocols are leader-based protocols that assume partial synchrony, and that are fully integrated with a blockchain.

Paper Title: Mining in Logarithmic Space.

Authors: Felix Engelmann*, Lukas Müller†, Andreas Peter‡, Frank Kargl†, and Christoph Bösch†,Affiliations: * Aarhus University, † Ulm University, and ‡ University of Twente.

Paper Title: The Availability-Accountability Dilemma and its Resolution via Accountability Gadgets.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #108Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Securing Parallel-chain Protocols under Variable Mining Power.

TLDR: Several emerging proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain protocols rely on a “parallel-chain” architecture for scaling, where instead of a single chain, multiple chains are run in parallel and aggregated.

This paper considers the design of provably secure parallel-chain protocols which can adapt to such mining power variations.

Paper Title: Making Synchronous BFT Protocols Secure in the Presence of Mobile Sluggish Faults.

Paper Title: An economic theory of blockchain foundations.

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First deployed in November 2020, Art Blocks is a platform for launching generative art series where the generation script is stored immutably on Ethereum for each project.

When a user mints an ERC-721 from the platform, a provably unique seed determines the variables in the generative script, ultimately defining the appearance of the output.

Since the beginning of this summer, daily volumes have skyrocketed, with ~$25M in sales volume traded on Wednesday across Curated, Playground, and Factory series.

Pudgy Penguins were the fastest 1000x project ( 0.003 ETH -> 3 ETH ) so far in the history of NFTs.

There is currently limited native tools for NFT market analysis.

To validate the authenticity of the movement, confirm my trading thesis, and better manage the risk while still capturing the fast moving opportunity, I created a Dune Analytics dashboard to track the most essential metrics.

My key metrics were unique wallets/distribution, hourly floor price, moving average, and volume.

UMA’s TVL grew 44% in the past 30 days as the team rolled out a number of new products, including range tokens and success tokens.

Range tokens can be incredible tools for treasury diversification as it is an on-chain option that is customizable for DAO needs.

Success tokens are a new incentive-aligned way for VC funds to effectively invest in a “Series B” for DAOS.

UMA is working closely with teams, and is also organizing leads from VCs interested in taking the other side of these deals.

Switching gears—this week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: PERP, SUSHI, DYDX, POOL, and NXM.

Claim the NFT of this issue① dYdX📈 dYdX volume surges 650%: now largest perpetuals DEXOn August 3, the dYdX Foundation launched DYDX, a governance token for the dYdX Layer 2 protocol.

② Perpetual Protocol (Part I)📈 Total protocol volume nearly crossing $23BThere is renewed interest in the on-chain derivatives space with the recent regulatory crackdown on derivatives trading.

We are seeing new low- and medium- frequency traders (i.e., retails) beginning to experience Perpetual Protocol.

It’s worth noting, however, that the announcement of the dYdX liquidity mining programs has led dYdX volumes to…

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However, we expect fixed-rate loans to become larger than variable rate loans as DeFi rails eventually power traditional financial markets.

For example, the variable borrow rate for USDC is 5.4% and the stable borrow rate is 11.9%.

The variable borrow rate for ETH is 0.25% and the stable borrow rate is 3.3%.

Unlike the borrow rate for a variable user, the borrow rate for stable borrowers in most market conditions will not fluctuate with new borrows, new deposits, new liquidations, etc.

She can, via interest rate perpetual contracts, go long the Aave interest rate for XYZ token such that she is protected in the event that her borrow rate increases and eats into the profitability of her tradi…

Prior to joining Multicoin, Greg was a partner in the Investment Management and FinTech practices at Chapman and Cutler LLP.

Greg represents Multicoin Capital as a board member at the Association For Digital Asset Markets (ADAM).

Multicoin Capital is proud to have joined their efforts and to contribute to the maturation of and advocacy for the ecosystem.

We are always on the lookout for exceptional talent across all fronts: investment team, finance, marketing, investor relations, and more.

If you or anyone you know is interested in joining one of the largest and most established investment firms in crypto, please get in touch!

This essay is a spiritual successor to On Value Capture at Layers 1 and 2.

In those essays, we explored potential value capture mechanisms for both Layer 1 (e.g.

As such, we’ve developed new frameworks in this post regarding a DeFi token’s ability to capture value.

Application Layer TokensIn On Value Capture at Layers 1 and 2, we argued that the only way a DeFi token can capture value is if it manages unforkable state.

SummaryThe best way to justify value capture for DeFi tokens is to have some sort of risk in the system that needs to be managed.

Today, I am excited to announce that Multicoin Capital has led a $17.4M round in Eden Network, alongside participation from Jump Capital, Alameda Research, Wintermute, GSR, Defiance Capital, and Andre Cronje, the founder of Yearn.Finance.

MEV can be defined as the sum of guaranteed on-chain profits that block producers can claim.

Eden Network protects users from malicious MEV and financializes beneficial MEV in a token.

However, this reduction in earnings for Ethereum block producers has reduced the security budget for Ethereum.

Many Ethereum block producers are looking to MEV to supplement their earnings post EIP 1559.

UXD is a new stablecoin that is 1) capital efficient, 2) decentralized, and 3) stable.

Solving For Funding RatesThe first challenge is the funding rate (note that UXD Protocol doesn’t need to manage an oracle at all; the underlying derivatives DEX manages this).

Because when the funding rates turn negative (i.e., the market is in backwardation), stablecoin holders would need to pay funding.

We could not be more excited to invest in UXD Protocol and work with them to create the world’s first stablecoin that is decentralized, capital efficient, and stable!

At the time of publication, Multicoin Capital holds positions UXD, MNGO, SOL and SBR.

Remixable, Composable AnalyticsThe traditional financial market data provider industry is a well-established sector: it generated $33B of revenue in 2019.

Many of the major crypto data providers share the same commonality: they are closed platforms.

The Future of Financial Reporting & Market-Driven InsightsWe believe that one of the most powerful applications of crypto is DeFi.

We believe the future of finance will be driven by transparent, real-time insights, and Dune is leading that movement.

If you’re interested in building this future, the Dune team is aggressively hiring.

And in most database applications, the ratio of reads to writes is between 100:1 and 10,000:1.

Scaling reads will be the next big scaling challenge for the blockchain industry.

Most database applications have a specific data structure, where the structure of the database is tailored to how the system is expected to query data out of the system.

The problem with scaling reads in a blockchain is that a blockchain—by definition—does not prescribe the transaction format.

This means that the largest query ecosystem with the largest value staked by indexers will be the most secure query system.

Multicoin Capital led Superfluid’s $9M series seed alongside Semantic Ventures, who led the pre-seed round, DeFiance Capital, Delphi Digital, MetaCartel Ventures, Fabric Ventures, The LAO, DeFi Alliance, Divergence Ventures, and MMC Ventures.

If someone has your credit card information (analogous to a public key), they can effectively charge at will.

Recently, Apple layered public key cryptography onto the legacy system via Apple Pay using the secure enclave in every iPhone.

However, public key cryptography on a blockchain creates a few new problems: key management and gas consumption.

Superfluid streams can build on other Superfluid streams—so that Bob can stream funds to Carol as he recei…

Predictability Is Power“I very frequently get the question: 'What's going to change in the next 10 years?'

However, there is not a single person or organization in the world that can answer this question today.

The Social Scalability Costs of FragmentationBeyond the lack of certainty outlined above, fragmenting applications across shards and roll ups creates explicit new social coordination costs that are not present in single-shard systems.

This will increase the amount of social coordination required in each protocol’s community, and slow down the rate of development.

Multicoin Capital abides by a “No Trade Policy” for the assets listed in this report for 3 days (“No Trade Period”) follow…

Building on the success of our first venture fund, we’re proud to announce that Multicoin Capital has raised a new $100M venture fund to back entrepreneurs building companies (equity), and protocols (tokens) in and around the crypto space.

Our single largest investment in our first venture fund was Helium, which represented almost 12% of the fund.

We helped seed or fund many of these projects early—The Graph, Solana, Torus, StarkWare, and others—out of our first venture fund.

We expect to deploy a significant amount into these areas out of Venture Fund II over the next few years.

We made several investments in some of the most strategic layers of the stack out of our first venture fund.

Today, I’m excited to announce our investment in REALY, a platform that trades the legitimacy of streetwear and other real world collectibles.

While each of these applications is hyper-tailored for their respective communities, they are all powered by the REALY platform.

The REALY network captures 10% of all sales from across the REALY ecosystem.

This makes it possible for fans and collectible investors to get exposure to the growth of the entire REALY ecosystem.

The REALY teamGeorge Yang, the CEO of REALY, is a serial entrepreneur in the fashion and collectible industry.

Multicoin Capital co-led the Series C round in Helium Inc in 2019 along with USV.

The growth of the Helium Network is driven by a positive feedback loop or flywheel.

This higher price will mean better ROI for Helium hotspot owners, which will further drive network growth.

Over the next year, the Helium network will roll out across the rest of the world.

Powered by the economic flywheel, the Helium network will grow to dominate global telecommunications.

Multicoin Capital has accumulated a large position in RUNE, the native token of THORChain, a decentralized cross-chain automated market maker (AMM).

There is a tremendous opportunity to build products that enable trust-minimized, cross-chain trading.

In a world where many chains and tokens exist, traders naturally want to be able to trade assets across chains in a trust-minimized way.

The first of such cross-chain trading examples was the Tier Nolan atomic swap.

The diversity of chains creates the need for a trust-minimized, decentralized way to trade spot tokens across chains.

Back in August 2020 we led a $1.8M investment in a new automated market maker (AMM) protocol focused on perpetual contracts: Perpetual Protocol, aka Perp.fi!

Once collateral is deposited, traders trade perpetual contracts just as they would on centralized exchanges, but with one key difference.

First, PERP holders govern the protocol, including managing parameters such as trading fees, asset listings, insurance fund management, and more.

Perhaps the best thing about The Perpetual Protocol is that it can be used to trade any asset with a public price feed.

That means it can trade perpetual contracts for cryptos, commodities and or any asset in any asset class.

While scaling Ethereum has been a conversation since the protocol was born, the popularity of DeFi and NFTs has made it an urgent concern.

zkSync best preserves the properties that have made Ethereum successful thus far: decentralization, security, composability, capital efficiency, and instant withdrawals.

As a result, we believe zkSync paves the smoothest path to scaling DeFi, NFTs, and all other innovations happening on Ethereum.

In 2020, nearly all the applications Vitalik dreamed up in the Ethereum whitepaper were live on Ethereum, as were dozens more that couldn’t have been imagined when Ethereum was born.

As Vitalik pointed out in his post, a rollup-centric Ethereum roadmap, the Ethe…

It works by separating the principal from the interest of a given stake into two separate, tradable tokens: Principal Tokens and Interest Tokens.

The market might be interested in buying your 10,000 USDC principal tokens for 9,400 USDC, thus securing a fixed yield of 6%.

Principal tokens trading at a market discount function like zero-coupon bonds and unlock a whole new asset class in DeFi.

You can sell your principal tokens and hold onto your interest tokens, or you can sell your interest tokens and hold onto your principal tokens, accessing some of tomorrow’s yield today.

Higher or lower fixed yields on principal tokens provide certain kinds of information, as do higher or lower prices on…

[4]Thought leadership and recommendations from reputable individuals or organizations are a key source of normative guidance on DAO governance.

In addition to technical specialization in network operation, software development, and cybersecurity, other areas of DAO governance are also increasingly professionalized (e.g.

Professionalization of DAO governance encourages homogenization.

And given that DAOs are often set up to run radically new experiments, growing isomorphism in DAO governance is not a foregone conclusion, even though that is what the anecdotal evidence discussed above seems to support.

Varying degrees of isomorphism in DAO governance are simply a reflection of how different o…

This piece is about one thing: what is the initial distribution of the capital that underpins a cryptonetwork?

In a recent conversation between the Placeholder and USV teams, Fred Wilson commented that with organizations he’s experienced going south over time it can often be traced back to an original sin at inception (team, approach, economics or any other pivotal decision).

For crypto, an original sin we regularly observe is insiders owning too much of systems that are marketed as public, egalitarian networks.

At Placeholder we have targeted 1-5% network ownership on a fully-diluted basis, with Placeholder’s most concentrated position coming in at 7% ownership fully-diluted.

If you want t…

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions matches a desired payoff.

More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff functions and the space of convex CFMMs are equivalent; in other words, every CFMM has a concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff function, and every payoff function with these properties has a corresponding convex CFMM.

We demonstrate a simple method for recovering a CFMM trading function that produces this desired payoff.

This method uses only basic tools from convex analysis and is intimately related to Fenchel conjugacy.

We demonstrate …

Economic conditions, technology, and human practice are all subject to change, and thus approaches to systemic risk mitigation must also evolve over time.

Before considering strategies for systemic risk mitigation, it is important to identify individual types of risk with systemic implications.

Similarly, systemic risk mitigation in DeFi relies heavily on how risk and emergency situations are managed at the level of individual users, businesses, and networks.

In comparison to traditional finance, the key technological advantages of DeFi as it relates to systemic risk mitigation are higher levels of digitization, transparency, and automation.

It may therefore seem premature to think about sy…

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, and mStable, among many others, make up some of the largest decentralized exchanges on Ethereum and other blockchains.

Because all transactions are public in current implementations, a natural next question is if there exist similar decentralized exchanges which are privacy-preserving; i.e., if a transaction’s quantities are hidden from the public view, then an adversary cannot correctly reconstruct the traded quantities from other public information.

In this note, we show that privacy is impossible with the usual implementations of CFMMs under most reasonable models of an adversary and provide some mitigating strateg…

This value proposition hit a chord: in its first 8 weeks of life, over 1,000 open source projects published their code to the Radicle network – and growing day by day.

In February 2021, Radicle launched an Ethereum blockchain integration along with the creation of the RAD governance token.

Third, it enables decentralized funding of open source projects.

This alone is a big innovation, prone to catalyze a new era of open source funding.

We have been working with the Radicle development team for over three years, but this launch is just the beginning of the network’s journey.

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains.

Trading fees have been proposed as a mechanism for compensating LPs for arbitrage losses.

CFMM designers are therefore faced with the problem of how to optimally select fees to attract liquidity.

We develop a framework for determining the value to LPs of supplying liquidity to a CFMM with fees when the underlying process follows a general diffusion.

Our approach also allows one to select optimal fees for maximizing LP value.

Liquidity and trading activity on constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer has grown significantly in the second half of 2020.

Much of the growth of these protocols has been driven by incentivized pools or 'yield farming', which reward participants in crypto assets for providing liquidity to CFMMs.

But what does it mean for a CFMM to be the most liquid market?

We show that this definition is tightly related to the curvature of a CFMM's trading function and can be used to explain a number of heuristic results.

Additionally, the results can also be used to model interacting markets and explain the rise of incentivized liquidity provision, also known as 'yie…

And, as Phil Geiger often likes to point out here at Unchained, $35 trillion in US assets are locked into retirement accounts.

Freeing these assets from the fiat financial system will go a long way to speeding up bitcoin adoption.

Building a smoother path to self-sovereign retirementOver the years, many of my clients have been Unchained clients.

While this system resulted in many happy clients, it lacked the smooth integration that investors are used to within a traditional brokerage IRA.

If you’d like to be kept updated about our bitcoin IRA launch news, join our email waitlist below.

After a smooth migration this morning, you can now find the Unchained Capital site at unchained.com!

And, in all honesty, we’re glad to see the old hyphen go too!

As we continue to expand the product and engineering teams following our fundraise in June, we’ve got lots more usability and design improvements on the way that will improve your experience on our site and platform.

Update your bookmarksWe’ve meticulously prepared to ensure that there are no disruptions to our services, and all old links will redirect to the relevant place on our site (but if you spot any broken links, let us know!).

However, as we continue to grow and update the site, this will gradually start to change, so make…

At Unchained Capital, we are building a platform for individuals and businesses storing long-term wealth in bitcoin.

KeyKeeper IRA joins UnchainedWhen we think about solving the comprehensive needs of our clients, retirement and inheritance are both critical areas of focus.

We could not be more excited to combine the KeyKeeper brand with Unchained and to have Jeff join the Unchained team full-time as our Head of Retirement and Inheritance.

As a team, we’ve worked closely with Jeff over the past year, and personally, I’ve known Jeff for many years.

The Unchained bitcoin IRA, coming soonTogether, we have big plans and our clients will benefit immensely as we integrate retirement and inheritan…

Bitcoin fee estimation is tricky business.

There are many different approaches to automated Bitcoin fee estimation, each with its own tradeoffs, but one organization that has totally nailed it is The Mempool Open Source Project.

We’re now integratedWe’re pleased to reveal that the Unchained Capital platform’s fee estimation is now powered by mempool.space, The Mempool Open Source Project’s hosted block explorer service.

We want to meaningfully support the projects developed outside of the Unchained walls that we rely on, so we’ve signed up as an official enterprise sponsor of The Mempool Open Source Project, and we’ll be providing monthly contributions to help with the continuing developmen…

Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the initial closing of a $25 million Series A capital raise led by institutional bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG and parent company Stone Ridge Holdings Group.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – June 4, 2021 – Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the initial closing of a $25 million Series A capital raise led by institutional bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG and parent company Stone Ridge Holdings Group.

In February, NYDIG made an initial investment in Unchained Capital through a minority equity stake and agreed to provide $50 million of lending capital.

The partnership between Unchained and NYDIG creates synergies beyond simply capital.

“The partnership between NYDIG and Unchained makes sense on so many levels.

About NYDIGNYDIG provides Bitcoin investment and technology solutions to insurers, banks, corporations, institutions, and HNW individ…

With Bitcoin 2021 just around the corner, we are very excited to announce that Ted Rogers and Jimmy Song have joined the team at Unchained Capital as senior Advisors.

Ted helped lead and scale Xapo through critical years from 2014 to 2019, culminating in the sale of Xapo’s institutional business to Coinbase.

Like Ted, Jimmy Song is a long-time veteran in the bitcoin community.

In addition to Programming Blockchain, Jimmy is the author of Programming Bitcoin, published by O’Reilly Media in 2019.

We could not be more excited to have Jimmy advising our engineering team and contributing to our engineering strategy in a more formal capacity.

Bitcoin transaction fees, how they’re calculated, and how to pay lessBitcoin is by far the most valuable and therefore most heavily demanded cryptocurrency, but there ain’t no such thing as a free lunch.

One of the more challenging aspects of understanding bitcoin is the paradigm shift in how transaction processing works, which often causes quite a shock for users who encounter high fees for the first time.

In this post, we will attempt to shed some light on the often misunderstood world of bitcoin transaction fees, while sharing some best practices on how users can learn to save on fees when transacting directly on the bitcoin network.

Fiat vs. Bitcoin: A new way to think about paying for …

The concept of personal sovereignty has always been important to me.

For someone like myself, trying to tackle the technical aspects of bitcoin was quite daunting.

I quickly realized that to achieve the personal sovereignty I was after, I would need to learn an entirely new skill set and get comfortable with the technology.

For many people, this can be daunting and often prevents them from ever experiencing the financial freedom that Bitcoin natively delivers.

For me, self-sovereignty was what motivated me to take control of private keys and understand the technical aspects of bitcoin.

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OverviewBack in May 2020 we gave an overview of the mechanics and the main processes in Ethereum’s proposed PoS system.

This is in contrast to other rewards, for instance attestor rewards, which decline per attestor as the total amount at stake increases.

The main issue here is understanding the philosophy of those that designed the PoS system, principally and evolutionary philosophy.

Most PoS advocates appear to have no ambition of finding a perfect PoS system that can be robust for decades, instead they seek a strong system that can be upgraded and refined.

Therefore the above PoS system should not be thought of as a final system design, it is only an experiment and it may change.

If we were forced to guess, we would say there could be one more financial boom and bust cycle left, before the ultimate inflationary endgame.

At some point we will need a system reset and the plumbing of the financial system will need to be re-engineered.

Of course, when the Fed does tighten the taps too far, which we think may happen, it is likely crypto assets may be hit hard.

The motivation for this appears to be that this is an interesting endeavour and perhaps it is subconsciously appealing as it will provide more power and control to the central bankers.

These somewhat odd tactics could fall on deaf ears, with respect to both the public and politicians and therefore central bankers m…

BitMEX Research is delighted to announce that as of 31 August 2021, we have become an active staker on the Ethereum Beacon chain (Eth 2.0).

Therefore BitMEX Research has become a staker.

We have noticed some in the Ethereum community complain about this and discuss the idea of lowering the minimum requirement.

With regards to staking, the choice for us was easy, we went with a large cloud services provider, this is easier than attempting to stake from a local device.

If the staker goes offline you begin to get penalties and this is not something that can be avoided with other options.

Downloading the reserve and liability data filesAs at 29 July 2021, BitMEX has published details of its Bitcoin reserves and liabilities at the snapshot point, as a one-off demonstration exercise.

The full reserve and liability files can be downloaded here:https://public.bitmex.com/?prefix=data/porl/Proof of ReservesA screenshot of the BitMEX reserves file is provided below.

Screenshot of the BitMEX Reserves FileSource: BitMEXThe database consists of around 300,000 UTXOs.

Currently BitMEX has not provided the necessary account details to its clients for them to conduct the process, however the BitMEX insurance fund account details are provided.

Working Demonstration of Proof of Liabilities …

Abstract: We examine the state of proof of assets and proof of liability schemes in the cryptocurrency space, systems whereby exchanges publish a list of user balances, which add up to the total exchange liability.

Proof of AssetsIn the cryptocurrency space, implementing a proof of assets system is simpler than a proof of liabilities system.

Proof of LiabilitiesIn contrast to a proof of assets, a proof of liabilities is a much more challenging concept.

For example the public can see all the account balances and if account balances do not change (for example dormant accounts) it may be possible to link the accounts together.

Leaf index The leaf index is a necessary field because it prevents …

Chapter 21 of the book The Blocksize War is published below.

However, after the drama and shenanigans of the blocksize war, one thing is clear: there is still hope that the claim is true.

This would then make Bitcoin Cash more profitable to mine, driving miners away from Bitcoin and towards Bitcoin Cash.

If the Bitcoin Cash price increased and more miners joined, the Bitcoin Cash difficulty would increase, thereby driving miners back to Bitcoin before the Bitcoin difficulty ever adjusted downwards.

In November 2018, just over one year since Bitcoin Cash had launched, there were tensions in the Bitcoin Cash community.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 20 – SegWit2xMost small blockers had been largely quiet when it came to their campaign against phase two of the NYA, hoping for phase one to occur successfully before engaging more aggressively.

On August 31, one of the mining pools which signed the agreement, F2Pool, announced its intention not to support SegWit2x.

On top of that, 99.94% of nodes & SPV clients will automatically follow that longest chain (segwit2x).

As the proposed consensus protocol Segwit2x project appears likely to activate, we have elected to designate the Segwit2x fork as B2X, for now.

So much for the idea of persuading the community to support SegWit2x; at this point, its propo…

Bitcoin Cash therefore lowered the difficulty requirement, which had another inadvertent benefit: it meant the Bitcoin Cash block headers were incompatible with Bitcoin, and therefore even Bitcoin light clients and mobile wallets would always know not to follow the Bitcoin Cash chain.

The impact of this was that the capacity of the Bitcoin Cash network oscillated in a volatile way, which proved to be a major weakness and impacted the reliability of Bitcoin Cash as a payment network.

The message in the Bitcoin Cash blocks was just marketing, and the owner of the organisation, Peter Ng, also had a mining farm he had allocated to Bitcoin Cash to help market his new venue.

However, Kraken, for …

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 18 – New York AgreementOn May 22, 2017, there was a meeting in New York arranged by Barry Silbert, of Digital Currency Group (DCG), aimed at resolving the conflict.

The following document referred to as the New York Agreement (NYA), was published.

Finally, on June 5, 2017, Jeff caved in under the pressure and included BIP 91 in his BTC1 client.

As for the BTC1 client, it appeared to be full of bugs, even after implementing BIP 91.

Jeff was also under considerable pressure to add replay protection to the BTC1 client, however he opposed this.

Ultimately the rules of Bitcoin work because they’re enforced by the users collectively– that is what makes Bitcoin Bitcoin, it’s what makes it something people can count on: the rules aren’t easy to just change.

In his mind, the fact that BIP 148 was a softfork, a subset of the current consensus rules, was a significant advantage and would help force miners to switch to the BIP 148 chain.

The large blockers often derided the small blockers as insignificant and naive.

If one invested in the BIP 148 token, you could only get a payout if both the BIP 148 token chain and the original rules chain (the non-BIP 148 chain) continued to exist.

Therefore, investing in a token dependent on the contin…

Chapter 16 of the book The Blocksize War is published below.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 16 – LitecoinOne strategy discussed in the Dragons’ Den in this period was the activation of SegWit on Litecoin, an alternative coin, often considered as a close relative to Bitcoin.

Support for SegWit among the Litecoin miners was gradually increasing, however it was still low and it was uncertain if activation would occur.

He explained to me that he didn’t want SegWit in Litecoin, without Litecoin also having a hardfork blocksize increase.

However, this didn’t seem logical because, unlike Bitcoin, Litecoin did not have full blocks at all.

The following day, large blockers discovered a video presentation by Bram Cohen, the inventor of Bittorrent, which was given in January 2017.

The large blockers are also likely to have had secret communication and coordination channels focusing on public relations.

To me, there was one clear takeaway from this “scandal”; I simply had to get inside the Dragons’ Den.

I made it into the depths of the Dragons’ Den.

This war was also a meme war, and the “Dragons”, as members of the channel were sometimes called, were very involved in meme production.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 14 – ASICBoostOn Wednesday April 5, 2017, another bombshell was set off, this time by the small blockers.

The Bitcoin block header is 80 bytes in size and therefore it is split between two chunks — chunk 1 and chunk 2.

Maybe Bitmain’s point was that they were not doing covert ASICBoost, but even if they were, so what?

Extension blocks were a way to get a softfork blocksize limit increase and retain the ability to conduct covert ASICBoost.

Even today, I am genuinely unsure of whether Bitmain was using covert ASICBoost on the mainnet or not.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 13 – ExchangesIn the year or so that the war had been raging, the industrial landscape of the cryptocurrency ecosystem had changed considerably.

They issued a joint announcement, indicating that they would not regard Bitcoin Unlimited as Bitcoin, even if it had a majority of the hashing power.

Since it appears likely we may see a hardfork initiated by the Bitcoin Unlimited project, we have decided to designate the Bitcoin Unlimited fork as BTU (or XBU).

As for the price of the Bitcoin Unlimited token, it never reached more than 20 percent of the price of the Bitcoin.

Finally, at the end of the year, the Bitcoin Unlimited token expired worthless, as no…

We will take a look at how professional arbitrageurs expand and contract the supply of a stablecoin based on the current demand of the market, how Dai’s model is different and why the lack of a professional arbitrage model makes Dai fundamentally unscalable.

For our latest episode, I sat down with MEV Senpai, one of the top searchers in Ethereum.

He gave us the unique inside perspective of someone who finds and captures MEV himself.

The result was a long & intense convo, one of the best I’ve had in a while.

We discussed:The structure and actors of the MEV gameWhat is searching, how can you learn it, what edges existIntro to private relays and transaction bundlesThe role of Flashbots in DEX tradingand, of course, the hot topic of the day: short-term reorgs in EthereumEnjoy!

Subscribe to the PodcastOther episodes

After a tumultuous month in crypto, Su and I discuss the state of the market and what we see on the horizon.

Listen to conversations between Su Zhu, the CEO and CIO of Three Arrows Capital, and Hasu, an experienced crypto researcher and writer.

Together with occasional guests, we explore the transformative nature of trust-minimized currency and financial services.

Subscribe to the PodcastOther episodes

I went on the Unhashed Podcast to discuss the findings from our recent paper on Bitcoin’s security model.

If you are looking for a less formal entry point to the topic of Bitcoin’s security, or have already read the paper and want to hear more, this show is for you.

First, you no longer publish a fee-paying transaction to the public mempool.

Instead, you sign a transaction and submit it off-chain to the CowSwap relayer, which handles all the execution.

Second, and this gets us to real innovation, CowSwap looks for so-called “coincidents of wants” or CoWs before sending your order to the regular on-chain exchanges.

Because there’s no point in reordering trades that have the same price, this also eliminates MEV as well.

Please enjoy my conversation on CowSwap with Felix Leupold.

Su is sitting out today, and I instead welcome Charlie Noyes and Georgios Konstantopoulos of Paradigm, one of the largest investment funds in crypto.

So like, that’s a pretty that’s that’s a that’s a very interesting situation.

Charlie Noyes 36:54I think that’s true.

I think that’s probably more of a general comment about non application specific security layers.

And I don’t want you to, I don’t want you to comment on the price, because I know that’s not really possible.

Hasu: I don’t actually don’t think that’s it, but you’re very good at the self-deprecating humor, I must say.

But I just don’t think that’s an investment argument.

If I’m going to do the funny money, if I’m going to do the weird internet money, I need more than a three X.” And then they start looking down CoinMarketCap, or CoinGecko or whatever.

Cobie: Honestly, I don’t think it was a very high quality rambling as you’ve just witnessed in this follow-up ramble.

If I’m going to make some closing remarks, since I’ve got the opportunity to record my own closing of the podcast.

In this episode, Su and I discuss the rise of WallStreetBets and financial populism in general.

As one of the most experienced market participants I know, Su has a unique perspective on the story behind the GameStop short squeeze.

We explore why he thinks it is going to end in tears for small investors, which invisible rules of the traditional financial system have been laid bare for everyone to see, and how all of this massively validates crypto and Defi going forward.

Listen to the Episode now

But I think that the right way to think about multi party computation is basically just an implementation of multi signature.

And they are trying to get into the DeFi right now.

Arthur 36:32I think right now, I think for Nexus Mutual is a, it’s a bit of a debate.

So I think that’s kind of the expansion of the scope.

Hasu 58:04Yeah, I think that’s, I think that’s spot on.

After our episode on the top 20 crypto coins (#15) by market cap, we got a lot of requests to do one for Defi as well.

For that discussion, we brought in one of the foremost experts on Defi.

Arthur0x went from being one of the earliest users and investors at Synthetix, Aave, and Kyber, to running the largest Defi-focused fund in all of Asia.

The conversation ran pretty long, so we are releasing it in two parts.

Listen to Part 1Listen to Part 2We don’t have a transcript yet, but if you feel like writing one, feel free to PM me on Twitter or email it to hasu@uncommoncore.co.

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