FinCEN could rule that henceforth, if anyone wants to access tether, USD coin, or any other official stablecoin (TrueUSD, Paxos standard, Gemini dollar, Binance USD, HUSD) they will need to apply for a verified stablecoin account.

It’s not evident how a stablecoin issuer can conduct KYC on a smart contract.

This hoard of stablecoins serves as collateral backing for dai, Maker’s decentralized stablecoin.

Compound, Curve and Uniswap might try to adapt by substituting FinCEN compliant stablecoins like USD coin with decentralized ones, say like Maker’s dai stablecoin.

If Maker, like Compound and Curve, can no longer hold USD coin, then dai itself would become less stable.

Crypto payments platform BitPay has settled with the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on charges of over 2,000 apparent sanctions violations.

The company knew it was facilitating transactions for individuals in sanctioned regions because it had location information and IP addresses, OFAC claimed.

BitPay cooperated with OFAC as the agency investigated the charges.

The notice warned that cryptocurrency companies must abide by OFAC regulations and monitor for possible sanctions risks.

OFAC found the violations to be non-egregious.”The company has since improved its compliance program, the spokesperson said.

Nvidia is also launching Cryptocurrency Mining Processors (CMP) specifically for Ethereum miners.

Gates has previously criticized cryptocurrencies and said he'd short bitcoin "if there was an easy way to do it."

Announced Thursday, Radicle, a fully decentralized code repository, has raised $12 million in funding, integrated its peer-to-peer network with Ethereum and launched the RAD governance token.

Notably, it’s the first crypto investment from NFX since Libra co-creator Morgan Beller left Facebook and joined the VC firm in September 2020.

“We think about Radicle as infrastructure for decentralized communities,” Diakomichalis said in an interview.

“When it comes to value, these communities are very used to interacting with value flows; think about things like DeFi protocols on Ethereum.

A Radicle token streams mockup (Radicle)It should be said that GitHub introduced a system of code sponsoring ba…

The amount is greater than the market capitalization of Intercontinental Exchange Inc., owner of the New York Stock Exchange.

(For what it’s worth, Tesla used Coinbase for its $1.5 billion bitcoin purchase, according to The Block.)

Bitcoin WatchDecline in “whale” entities worth watching, CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole writesThe number of bitcoin addresses with at least 1,000 bitcoin (roughly $50 million worth) has trailed off recently after rising over the past year.

Token WatchEther (ETH): Ethereum cryptocurrency looks overleveraged after rising to new all-time-high price over $1,900.

The U.S. will eventually adopt bitcoin as a reserve asset, argues Zabo co-founder Alex Treece in an op-ed for Co…

“Bond King” Jeffrey Gundlach has had a change of heart on bitcoin.

Gundlach – CEO of DoubleLine Capital, an investment firm with more than $130 billion in assets under management – now says bitcoin could be a better bet than gold.

Gundlach, who’s previously said “I don’t believe in bitcoin,” tweeted Thursday that “bitcoin may be the stimulus asset.

It doesn’t look like gold is.”Gundlach’s change of stance comes on the heels of bitcoin’s dizzying rise from $10,000 to $52,000 seen in the past 4.5-months.

Gundlach noted he had been neutral on gold for the last six months, while formerly a “gold bull.” He previously said bitcoin was in “bubble territory” when it rose past $23,000 in early Janua…

Getting crypto exchanges across the world to plug into each other and share sensitive customer data is proving to be a complex problem.

This is expected to create a so-called “sunrise problem,” as some parts of the crypto world become regulated ahead of others.

The TRISA testnet begins to address that looming challenge by including a dummy version of an “evil VASP” that will provide false authentication, attempt to steal data and so on.

There are two compliant VASPs as well as the non-compliant exchange on the testnet, explained John Jefferies, co-chairman of TRISA.

“The evil VASP isn’t part of TRISA and it will try and trick people into sharing information,” said Jefferies.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

Critics are quick to invoke the South Sea Bubble of 1720 or the tulips in 1637, but it’s not clear they know enough about our financial past to make those episodes relevant for today.

It’s easy to see why comparing Bitcoin to the South Sea Company’s meteoric rise in the spring and summer of 1720 is so tempting.

This all happened during South Sea mania.

This dampens the risk to the overall financial system rather than fueling the fire like the South Sea directors did in the spring and summer of 1720.

Bitcoin’s 2021 looks nothing like the South Sea Company in 1720.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

To test out this lofty hypothesis, a few prediction markets, including Augur and Omen, are now deployed on Ethereum.

Prediction markets FAQsHow do cryptocurrencies improve prediction markets?

Usually, prediction markets are restricted to use in the countries in which they were created.

Less restrictive : Many of today's most popular prediction markets pile on restrictions.

What are some popular crypto prediction markets?

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The Swiss canton of Zug has started accepting tax payments in cryptocurrency.

No partial payments in cryptocurrency will be accepted.

Zug has been dubbed “Crypto Valley” over the many industry companies drawn to the jurisdiction over its friendly blockchain and crypto regulation.

Zug-based crypto broker and custodian Bitcoin Suisse has partnered with the canton, converting cryptocurrency payments into Swiss francs for the tax office.

According to the Zug Canton website, residents can request to pay taxes in cryptocurrency and will be emailed a link taking them to the crypto payment option.

“With this current structure, I do not feel comfortable in running a lot of long exposure.”The funding rate is calculated every eight hours and represents the cost of holding long positions.

When perpetuals trade at a premium to spot price, the funding rate is positive (longs pay shorts).

Hence, a very high funding rate is considered a sign of leverage being excessively skewed to the bullish side (overbought conditions) and often injects volatility into the market.

Ether: Average funding rate Source: SkewIn such situations, holding longs at high costs is attractive only if the bullish momentum remains strong.

A pullback or consolidation can trigger an unwinding of longs, leading to a more p…

It solves the store of value problem.

Gold is technically a store of value that’s broadly kept up with the money supply in recent decades, however, it is a failed store of value.

Lack of easily verifiable supply, not being salable, and largely centralized in practice make it fully unfit to store value.

However, real estate (especially residential) was never intended to serve as a store of value.

Conservatively, if we assume bitcoin solves the store of value problem better than bonds and real estate — and this is definitely true on a long enough time scale, as bonds have lost real value for over a decade — then we can safely assume it solves the store of value problem better than the bond ma…

Bitcoin need not be a politically splitting idea, as there are benefits to be had from progressives and libertarians alike.

Like the early days of the internet, Bitcoin represents a digital infrastructure that can unlock economic opportunities for progressives and libertarians alike.

Here’s a brief reminder of Bitcoin’s bipartisan appeal:Why Progressives Like Bitcoin:- Financial inclusion: Bitcoin can bank the underbanked – creating a more inclusive financial services infrastructure where anyone can store and send money, unencumbered by discrimination.

Why Libertarians Like Bitcoin:- A free market of sound money: Libertarians looking to minimize government intervention should be attracted t…

For many Americans, retirement accounts make up a vast majority of their overall net worth.

How U.S. Retirement Accounts WorkRetirement accounts (such as IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s, 457 plans and others) allow contributions in the form of traditional funds, Roth funds or a mixture of both.

Bitcoin: The Retirement Inflation HedgeHistorically, the 5 to 8% annual yield delivered by typical retirement accounts may have surpassed the real inflation rate of the dollar.

A self-custodied Bitcoin IRA combines the best of bitcoin self-sovereignty with retirement tax optimization.

Here are four things to consider when investigating:Can you hold the keys to your retirement account’s bitcoin?

Watch This Episode On YouTubeListen To This Episode:In this episode of “The Van Wirdum Sjorsnado,” Aaron van Wirdum conducted one more interview without his regular co-host Sjors Provoost.

Instead, he was joined by Blockstream’s Lawrence Nahum, one of the developers behind the Jade wallet; and Ben Kaufman, one of the developers of the Specter wallet, which is specifically designed to work with hardware wallets.

Van Wirdum, Nahum and Kaufman talked about what hardware wallets are, and discussed the design tradeoffs that different hardware wallets have taken by focusing on — the Trezor, Ledger and Coldcard specifically.

Then, Nahum explained which tradeoffs the Jade wallet makes.

He also deta…

GoldenTree, with $41 billion in assets under management, is one among a growing number of traditional hedge funds purchasing bitcoin.

GoldenTree, run by Founder and Chief Investment Officer Steven Tananbaum, has added bitcoin to its balance sheet, The Street reported earlier today.

GoldenTree, with $41 billion in assets under management, is one among a growing number of traditional hedge funds purchasing bitcoin.

According to The Street, GoldenTree has purchased bitcoin to diversify the conservative, debt-based strategies it has used in the past.

How much bitcoin the hedge fund has purchased, how much it plans to purchase and what sort of custody solution they will use remains unknown.

Yet now Senator Elizabeth Warren is confident enough to think that she can succeed at condemning Bitcoin where the rest have failed.

The best way to provide some correction to Senator Warren and her peers is to address these claims directly.

Senator Warren, your defense of the legacy financial system is a direct affront to financial inclusion, individual property rights and freedoms.

These folks are so concerned with an aggressive riposte from the incumbents that they lean on anonymity while working on financial inclusion for the world.

Secondly, iBtcoin promotes financial inclusion.

In this episode of the “Bitcoin Magazine Podcast,” host David Zell sat down with one of D.C.’s strongest Bitcoin supporters, Representative Warren Davidson (R-OH), to talk about the specific language and potential impact of this cryptocurrency tax legislation.

Worse still, the additional compliance costs that this bill could trigger would gravely jeopardize the viability of companies and startups in the Bitcoin space.

In his view, passing the bill in its current form would be a disaster both for the cryptocurrency industry and the American economy overall.

Davidson spoke about how this bill marks a departure from America’s longstanding role as a nation that spearheads innovation.

At the end…

The bitcoin price rallied last week, but the move did not come out of the blue.

I attribute this mid-cycle correction to three dominant and simultaneous narratives that, before resolved, caused major uncertainty and price declines.

These events affected sentiment in all segments of the bitcoin market — miners and retail, developers and high-net-worth individuals.

Grayscale Trust’s Record UnlocksThe second major cause of uncertainty in this period was the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) release schedule (highlighted in gray above).

Buying new shares from Grayscale requires Grayscale to go out into the market and buy bitcoin, causing a rise in price.

Layers A La BitcoinConversations about applying the layered framework to Bitcoin often end with little to no consensus, as Bitcoin distorts and blurs traditional intuitions.

Most disagreements about bitcoin layers are due to the proponents talking right past each other.

Although we may not like it, the precedent of monetary layers has been established by history and we would need to redefine historical and semantic context to avoid Bitcoin’s association with monetary layers.

For starters, a network layer must be a protocol that is interoperable with the Layer 1 Bitcoin protocol.

The Bitcoin Exchanges:Monetary Layer 2: CheckNetwork Layer 2: NO"Exchanges are a Layer 2 of Bitcoin": NOThe Liqui…

Robo-advisor giant Wealthfront will now let its 400,000 clients invest up to 10% of their portfolios in bitcoin through GBTC.

Robo-advisor giant Wealthfront has announced it will provide its nearly 400,000 clients with the option to get bitcoin exposure through Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC).

But when it comes to bitcoin, those with brokerage accounts with Wealthfront will be given only one option for BTC exposure – GBTC.

Grayscale’s bitcoin trust shares attempt to follow the BTC/USD market price, minus expenses and fees.

Eventually, buying KYC-free bitcoin and using privacy-conscious tools will become effortless.

The University of Pennsylvania confirmed today it still holds part of a $5 million donation it received earlier this year in Bitcoin.

The University of Pennsylvania confirmed today it still holds part of a $5 million donation it received earlier this year in Bitcoin.

The benefit for the donor is that any future capital gains taxes are voided when bitcoin is donated to a charity.

Large donor-advised funds such as Fidelity Charitable (over $35 billion in assets) and Schwab Charitable ($17 billion) both accept and have seen an increase in bitcoin donations.

John Zeller, who helped facilitate the bitcoin donation to Penn concluded, "It's very nice to have the capacity to do it when a donor says…

The University of Pennsylvania received a $5 million bitcoin donation and confirmed it still holds some of the donation in Bitcoin.

The University of Pennsylvania has received an anonymous bitcoin donation worth $5 million to its business school.

According to John Zeller, Bitcoin donations to Penn have been contracted through NYDIG since the beginning of 2020.

The $5 million bitcoin donation in May was made in part to help attract attention to Penn for other bitcoin donations.

According to a spokesman Stephen Austin, Fidelity received $13 million in cryptocurrency donations in 2019, $28 million in 2020, and $150 million so far this year.

Dekabank is reportedly considering investing in Bitcoin after a new law takes effect Monday, though it says "no decision has been made yet."

Dekabank, one of Germany’ largest asset managers, is considering investing in Bitcoin, a spokesman for the firm told Bloomberg today.

In Germany, special funds are mainly used for investments by institutions such as pension companies and insurers.

Under this new legislation, Dekabank would become just one of about 4,000 German firms eligible to buy Bitcoin.

Collectively, institutional investors that have access to Spezialfonds that can buy Bitcoin currently manage about $2.1 trillion.

The below is a recent edition of the Deep Dive, Bitcoin Magazine's premium markets newsletter.

To be among the first to receive these insights and other on-chain bitcoin market analysis straight to your inbox, subscribe now.

Big Money Making MovesOn-chain data has started to show that large-pocketed investors have begun to aggressively accumulate bitcoin.

Exchange BalancesDisclaimer: With exchange balance data, it is possible that that is an internal move that is mislabeled and subject to further change.

A truly staggering amount, this would mean that massive institutional buyers are in the water and actively accumulating.

As many as eight China-based Bitcoin mining firms are said to be looking to relocate operations to Paraguay, home to abundant hydroelectric energy.

As many as eight China-based Bitcoin mining firms are said to be looking to relocate operations to Paraguay in the wake of the country’s crackdown on its domestic industry.

Rickman reports that the effort is so far working, with one mining operation in the process of installing 90,000 bitcoin mining rigs.

Further, he says other unnamed firms have made contact with miners in Paraguay over the weeks since the Chinese exodus.

Paraguay generates the most renewable electricity per capita in the world through hydroelectric dams, with its two largest h…

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The Mudasir meme sold for $52,000.

In September 2015, Pakistani government worker Muhammad Asif Raza made an earth-shattering announcement on Facebook: "Friendship ended with Mudasir.

"The Mudasir meme can probably be recognized by at least tens of millions of people and is also just legitimately funny to me, having repurposed it myself in the past,” he said.

I request all of you—you have to put big bids on my NFT auction.

The Mudasir auction coincided with a trading frenzy for the most valuable NFT project, the computer-generated avatar collection CryptoPunks.

In brief An NFT project founder lost 16 CryptoPunks to a phishing attack last night.

The founder of an NFT videogame lost 16 CryptoPunks “and a bunch of ETH” after falling prey to a scammer.

“I was lying in bed yesterday evening, mind was very foggy, casually browsing,” Stazie, the pseudonymous developer of NFT game Hedgie, tweeted yesterday.

Stazie took the poster up on the bogus offer, but that move eventually lost him 16 CryptoPunks, likely worth at least a million dollars.

Anyone who has access to the twelve-word phrase can drain the MetaMask wallet of funds.

The price of Ethereum has reached $2,600, a price not seen since early June, when the cryptocurrency was still descending from its all-time high of $4,357 on May 12.

Ethereum’s price is up 5.59% over the past 24 hours and 21.77% this week.

The market cap of Ethereum is now $304 billion, second to Bitcoin’s $779 billion.

Part of Ethereum’s price surge could be down to a major upgrade scheduled for August 5, the London hard fork.

Polkadot, the ninth-largest, has surged by 11% overnight and 30% over the past week.

The average price of a CryptoPunk has skyrocketed by 53% in the past week, from 34 ETH ($87,800) on July 24 to 52 ​​ETH ($135,000) yesterday.

The beacon was lit on Friday by motivational speaker and entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk, who bought a CryptoPunk for 1,600 Ethereum ($3.7 million).

Daily trading volume has risen by 1,342%, from 709 ETH ($1.8 million) to 16,000 ETH ($41.5 million) in the same period.

Vaynerchuk bought CryptoPunk #2140 for 1,600 Ethereum ($3.7 million).

The CryptoPunk is one of 24 ape punks, wearing one of 419 knitted caps and one of 378 small shades.

In brief Bitcoin mining has become 6% more difficult to mine.

It’s the first positive adjustment since the crypto crash began in May.

Bitcoin mining difficulty measures how much computer power is required to earn Bitcoin from validating transactions on the network.

The more miners trying to earn Bitcoin, the more difficult mining Bitcoin becomes.

Today’s positive adjustment indicates that some of those machines have recently come back online.

It’s currently working on its own digital currency alternative: the digital yuan.

The PBoC congratulated itself for “severely cracking down on illegal activities of virtual currency” earlier this year and said it will continue to supervise financial platforms and continue to crack down on crypto "trading hype.”The Chinese government has restricted crypto trading in the country since 2017, when it barred Chinese financial institutions from dealing with crypto.

After the restrictions took force, Bitcoin’s hash rate also dropped by 76%, from 198 EH/s to 89 EH/s, as Chinese miners relocated abroad.

Out with the old, in with the newWhile it cracks down on crypto, the PBoC is busy working on its …

In brief Robinhood had the worst debut for an IPO of its size.

Robinhood had the single worst debut for an IPO of its size, underperforming Uber, Pepsi and MF Global in its opening trade.

On Wednesday, Robinhood and some of its existing investors sold 55 million shares for prices between $38 and $42.

During the IPO, shares were priced at the bottom of that range.

Before the IPO, Robinhood had earmarked 35% of shares for Robinhood’s existing customers.

They're planning to make the event the first festival DAO and hope others will follow in their wake.

Atop a sun-drenched platform, above sparkling water and under an open sky, 5,000 music lovers will soon come together for Croatia’s Circus Maximus music festival.

DAO of the danceCircus Maximus is angling to be the world's first-ever DAO music festival.

Crucially, they also ensure that the holder is part of the future Circus Maximus DAO.

The precise workings of the Circus Maximus DAO are still a work in progress.

Things just got ugly for crypto in Washington, D.C.For years, the threat of major regulation has been raised like a hammer, ready to smash the crypto industry.

The upshot is that the U.S. crypto industry is in the same position as the online gambling industry a decade ago when Congress regulated it out of existence.

There is also the matter of that $28 billion of taxes the crypto industry is supposed to provide.

If the U.S. crypto industry has to become road kill to make that happen, few in Washington will bat an eye.

All of this reflects poorly on U.S. elected officials, but the crypto industry bears responsibility too.

Harvest Finance (FARM) is trading for $264 after its Coinbase listing.

The phenomenon of a coin’s price going skyward upon a Coinbase listing is known as the ‘Coinbase Effect’.

Coinbase has let institutional clients hold FARM since May 24, and accepted inbound transfers on Coinbase Pro since July 26.

Harvest Finance placed a $100,000 bounty on the attacker, who was never found.

Since then, Harvest Finance has commissioned several security audits.

Image: ShutterstockBitcoin’s price has flown past $40,000 to highs of just under $42,000, according to data from metrics site CoinGecko.

In a single burst, Bitcoin rose from $39,109 at 8pm UTC to $41,780 at 11pm UTC on Friday.

The spike also occurred shortly after $1.5 billion in Bitcoin options contracts expired on unregulated derivatives exchange Deribit.

This allowed traders to buy up Bitcoin at a discounted rate to get a headstart on the latest rally.

Bitcoin Cash ABC, a fork of Bitcoin Cash (a fork of Bitcoin) rose by 31% in the past 24 hours to $51.62.

In brief The next Ethereum upgrade will happen during the first week of August.

That makes gas tokens functionless.

But those aren't the only tokens the London upgrade will do away with.

Gas tokens such as GST2 and CHI, used by developers to secure lower prices when deploying smart contracts, will become obsolete.

Gas Token Two (GST2), one of the tokens set to become obsolete, is trading for over $200 on crypto marketplace Bilaxy.

Many have sold today.

If you were waiting to get a CryptoPunk, your chance to buy one for a reasonable price may be dwindling.

That's because an Ethereum whale has been on a CryptoPunk buying spree.

And Gary Vaynerchuk bought CryptoPunk #2140 for 1,600 ETH ($3.7 million) today.

Although there are only 10,000 Punks, there's an active resale market.

The company has ceased offering BlockFi Interest Accounts (BIAs) to Kentucky residents after receiving a cease-and-desist order Friday from the Kentucky Department of Financial Institutions (DFI), according to a tweet.

It's now been hit by cease and desists or show cause notices by five states: New Jersey, Alabama, Texas, Vermont, and Kentucky.

"The firm, which is headquartered in New Jersey, has not registered these securities with the Kentucky DFI or the Securities and Exchange Commission, as required by law."

The Kentucky DFI ordered the firm to "refrain from soliciting or selling any security in Kentucky."

The BIA is akin to a savings account for crypto—only with much higher interest ra…

In brief Gary Vaynerchuk, a crypto-savvy entrepreneur, just paid $3.7 million for a CryptoPunk.

Gary Vaynerchuk—wine blogger, media mogul, consummate crypto bro—just spent 1,600 Ethereum on a CryptoPunk NFT.

CryptoPunks are among the oldest and most prized NFTs: crypto collectibles that can be bought and sold as proof of ownership for files on the internet.

Vaynerchuk's bid of 1600 ETH for CryptoPunk #2140 marks the fourth-highest price ever paid for a CryptoPunk.

The third-highest was paid just a few hours later—a whopping 2,250 ETH ($5.4 million) for CryptoPunk #5217.

World Bank refuses to help El Salvador implement BitcoinAs reported by Reuters, the World Bank has responded negatively to El Salvador's request for help in fully implementing bitcoin as legal tender in the country, citing concerns about Bitcoin’s transparency and environmental impact.

"We are committed to helping El Salvador in numerous ways including for currency transparency and regulatory processes," a World Bank spokesperson told Reuters via email.

"While the government did approach us for assistance on bitcoin, this is not something the World Bank can support given the environmental and transparency shortcomings."

Taproot locked inTaproot has locked in with Bitcoin protocol upgrade now set to activate in November.

Taproot, the Bitcoin protocol upgrade that makes smart contracts more private and compact, has locked in.

As of just now, more than 90 percent of all blocks that will be mined in the current difficulty period have signaled support for the upgrade, which means that Bitcoin Core versions 0.21.1 and newer will start enforcing the new rules in November of this year, as will the alternative Taproot activation client.

Square allocates $5 mln in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment programFinancial services company Square has allocated $5 million in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment program and has selected educational program Black Bitcoin Billionaire as the first-ever recipient for a grant from the program.

Black Bitcoin Billionaire is receiving 1 BTC from the endowment, according to Square.

The allocation comes as part of a larger commitment to invest $100 million in minority and underserved communities, originally made in September 2020.

Square announced the allocation of $25 million of this total investment yesterday and released a memo outlining more details.

Ledger completes $380 million fundraiseLedger, a hardware wallet manufacturer for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, has announced the completion of a $380 million series C investment round led by cryptocurrency-focused investment fund 10T Holdings, whose CEO will now be joining the Ledger board.

With this fundraising round, Ledger has an implied $1.5 billion valuation, conferring it the status of a “unicorn” startup.

“This Series C announcement marks the transition of Ledger from the leading digital asset security company to becoming the secure gateway to the entire digital asset ecosystem,” said Ledger’s CEO Pascal Gauthier, per the announcement.

“This industry is fast becoming mainstrea…

El Salvador officially recognizes Bitcoin as a legal tenderIn an early Wednesday vote, a supermajority of the nation’s legislature voted in favor of President Nayib Bukele’s proposal for the Latin American nation to adopt bitcoin.

The president intends to sign later tonight or early in the morning.

Sixty-two members of the legislature voted in favor of the bill, with 19 opposed and three abstentions.

HRF donates $210,000 in Bitcoin ecosystem grantsThe Human Rights Foundation (HRF) Bitcoin Development Fund's latest round will award a total of $210,000 to three Bitcoin Core contributors, two Lightning Network wallet teams and an Arabic translator.

"This round of gifts will focus on: Bitcoin core development, making it easier to run nodes and making it harder to Sybil attack nodes, wallet optimization for emerging markets, privacy improvements for Lightning apps, [and] expanding arabic language Bitcoin education and translation," announced HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein.

HRF will award the largest sum to the Bitcoin Core developers Calvin Kim, Dhruv Mehta and Abubakar Nur Khalil…

Marathon will start signaling for TaprootMara Pool, the bitcoin mining pool operated by digital asset technology company Marathon Digital Holdings, will update its miners to the latest Bitcoin Core 0.21.1 software to signal for Taproot activation, and stop censoring transactions.

"Marathon is committed to the core tenets of the Bitcoin community, including decentralization, inclusion, and no censorship," said Marathon's CEO Fred Thiel.

"Over the coming week, we will be updating all our miners to the full standard Bitcoin core 0.21.1 node, including support for Taproot.

By adopting the full standard Bitcoin core node, we will be validating transactions on the blockchain in the exact same way…

SEC Chair Gensler: We 'should be ready' to enforce crypto casesNew Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Gary Gensler remarked today that the agency "should be ready to bring cases involving issues such as crypto."

Speaking at the 2021 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Annual Conference, Gensler told the virtual conference attendees, "As we think about enforcement, to me, the idea is pretty simple: We need rules of the road and a cop on the beat to protect everyday investors and achieve our...mission."

Chinese Bitcoin miner BIT Mining to build mining data center in TexasBIT Mining will invest US$25.7 million in the Texas crypto mining facility, which it will construct and operate jointly with Dory Creek, a wholly-owned subsidiary of fellow Chinese cryptocurrency cloud mining platform Bitdeer.

The total hashrate capacity of the Texas mining center will be 57.2 MW, more than 85% of which will be sourced from low-carbon energy.

Wells Fargo becomes latest banking giant to make foray into cryptoSan Francisco-headquartered banking giant Wells Fargo is set to add its own cryptocurrency strategy for wealthy clients by mid-June.

Darrell Cronk, the president of Wells Fargo Investment Institute (WFII), claims that the bank now views crypto as a "viable investable asset":

MicroStrategy announces $10M Bitcoin purchaseAccording to its May 18 SEC filing, the company has purchased yet another $10 million worth of Bitcoin at an average price of $43,663 per coin.

The company currently holds 92,079 Bitcoins that are worth an estimated $2.251 billion.

Argo Blockchain purchases 2 facilities in QuebecU.K.-based Argo Blockchain continues to grow its footprint in North America.

Last week, the block reward miner announced it completed the purchase of two data centers in Quebec, Canada.

The purchase follows an earlier announcement this year that the firm purchased land in Texas to build a digital currency mining facility.

Argo CEO Peter Wall said, “Argo’s purchase of data centers in Canada represents another milestone for the company as we seek to take greater control over our mining production and mining cost base, while also laying solid foundations for long-term growth.”

Increasing popularity of Bitcoin pressures Samsung to add hardware wallet support to Its Galaxy smartphonesSouth Korean tech giant Samsung has added support for third-party cryptocurrency hardware wallets to its Galaxy smartphones.

These wallets including the Ledger Nano S and Nano X.

According to an announcement the company published, its smartphones supporting the Samsung Blockchain Wallet – which is available on the Samsung Galaxy store – can now be linked with cryptocurrency hardware wallets designed specifically to keep users’ cryptoassets secure.

Gas powered Bitcoin miner Greenidge commits to go carbon neutral to offset emissionsThe gas-powered Bitcoin mining plant will go fully carbon neutral next month.

Greenidge currently uses natural gas in its Bitcoin mining operation.

On Friday it announced it is committed to attaining 100% carbon neutrality.

It’s hoping to achieve this through carbon offsetting.

Argo Blockchain signs crypto climate accordArgo Blockchain confirmed on Friday that it has signed a crypto climate accord (CCA), alongside DMG Blockchain, in an effort to push forward decarbonisation of the crypto industry.

The bitcoin mining firm announced its plans to implement new technologies aimed at fostering transparency over the renewable energy sourcing of mining procedures.

The CCA, a private sector-led initiative with 40 signatories including 20 prominent cryptocurrency companies, has outlined its objectives as part of its effort to decarbonise the global cryptocurrency industry and transition the sector to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040.

ОтУпpaвляющий aктивaми нa cумму $ 45 млpд GoldenTree Asset Management cтaл oчepeднoй финaнcoвoй opгaнизaциeй, кoтopaя зaнялacь кpиптoвaлютoй, купив oпpeдeлённoe кoличecтвo биткoйнoв.

Cooбщaeтcя, чтo нa этoм этaпe GoldenTree oгpaничил cвoи кpиптoинвecтиции глaвнoй кpиптoвaлютoй биткoйнoм.

Eщё в aпpeлe упpaвляющий aктивaми oбнoвил cвoю peгиcтpaцию в SEC, чтoбы coглacoвaть пpиoбpeтeниe, пoкупку и пpoдaжу шиpoкoгo cпeктpa кpиптoвaлютныx и ocнoвaнныx нa блoкчeйнe кoмпaний.

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Делитесь вашим мнением об этой новости в комментари…

Чтoбы coxpaнить cвoё пoлoжeниe в финaнcoвoй oтpacли, тaкиe плaтёжныe cиcтeмы кaк Mastercard и Visa нaмepeны иcпoльзoвaть cвoю oбшиpную клиeнтcкую бaзу и мeждунapoдный oxвaт для пpивлeчeния гocудapcтвeнныx и чacтныx лиц для тecтиpoвaнии CBDC-пpoeктoв или cтeйблкoйнoв.

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«Mы зaклaдывaeм ceбe ocнoву нa pынкe в кaчecтвe пpoвaйдepa мультиpeльcoвыx плaтeжeй.

Mибax oтмeтил, чтo кoмпaния нaкoпилa бoльшoй мaccив знaний и гoтoвa пpeдocтaвлять цeнтpaльным бaнкaм любыe уcлуги, в кoтopыx oни нуждaютcя, ocoбeннo в чacти тecтиpoвaн…

На самом деле, криптовалюты и NFT – это абсолютная катастрофа не только в плане экологии, а по гораздо большему количеству причин.

Стоит предположить, что многие не видят здесь каких-либо проблем, связанных с экологией, и не совсем уверены в том, что такое криптоарт.

И это не проблема в далёкой перспективе – уже сейчас мы видим разрушительные издержки.

Художники могут распространять различные медиафайлы по сети, и они будут принадлежать множеству людей одновременно, при этом, не теряя в цене и не теряя оригинальности.

Если попытаться сделать прогноз – стоит предположить, что рынок NFT не заменит абсолютно ничего и не приведёт к закрытию расточительных ярмарок искусства.

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B тoм жe мecяцe в итaльянcкoм aэpoпopту былa oбнapужeнa фepмa д…

Комиссия по ценным бумагам Малайзии (SC) выпустила уведомление, в котором обвинила крупнейшую в мире по объемам торгов криптобиржу Binance в незаконной работе на территории страны.

Регулятор предупредил торговую площадку, что у нее есть 14 дней (начиная с с 26 июля) на прекращение деятельности в Малайзии.

Также в SC потребовали прекратить Binance рассылать малазийским инвесторам рассылки и различные рекламные предложения от имени биржи.

В мае стало известно, что Министерство юстиции и Налоговое управление США начали расследование в отношении Binance, заподозрив ее в нарушениях антиотмывочного и налогового законодательства.

В Италии и Великобритании Binance уже предупредили, что она не может…

На графике Stoch RSI видно, что я имею в виду под «волной» шока предложения: я отметил соответствующие моменты зелеными стрелками.

Для этого мы используем коэффициент ликвидного предложения, на котором можно наблюдать очередной восходящий импульс.

И в завершение темы, вот еще один всплеск количества монет в возрасте от 1 недели до 3 месяцев (то есть купленных в диапазоне $30–40 тыс.

Также можно констатировать, что это ралли увеличило процент с прибылью удерживаемого предложения с 65,82% 20 июля до 82,58% на момент написания статьи.

В прошлый раз, когда процент предложения в прибыли был настолько высоким, BTC оценивался в ~$50 тыс.

Адвокат Ripple Джеймс Филан заявил, что в ближайшее время не стоит ожидать урегулирования судебного разбирательства между компанией и Комиссией по ценным бумагам и биржам США (SEC).

Филан уверен, что Ripple не будет уступать регулятору.

28 июля токен XRP, выпущенный компанией Ripple, в течение полутора часов подорожал на 16% и достиг отметки в $0,73.

20 июля юристы, которые представляют интересы Ripple в суде, потребовали признать обвинения SEC против компании несостоятельными.

Финансовый регулятор обвинил Ripple в продаже незарегистрированных ценных бумаг на $1,3 млрд под видом токенов XRP в декабре 2020 года.

Президент Украины подписал закон, который разрешает регулятору начать работы по реализации регуляторной песочницы и протестировать инструменты на основе инновационных технологий.

Президент Украины Владимир Зеленский подписал закон «О платежных услугах», который позволит Нацбанку страны выпустить собственную национальную цифровую валюту (CBDC).

Также закон разрешает регулятору запустить регуляторную песочницу, в рамках которой будут тестироваться инструменты и услуги, основанные на инновационных технологиях.

Кроме того, закон создает условия для внедрения в Украине концепции открытого банкинга (Open banking), которая должна объединить различных поставщиков платежных услуг и технологические п…

Биржа криптовалют Binance сегодня объявила о прекращении обслуживания торгов деривативными продуктами для жителей европейского региона.

– Европейский регион является очень важным для Binance.

Власти здесь действуют на упреждение для формирования более гармоничного регулирования криптовалют, а это положительный знак для отрасли.

Хотя мы не занимаемся активным продвижением фьючерсов и деривативов в отдельных странах, мы намерены начать дальше ограничивать доступ к этим продуктам в регионе».

Хотя пользователи криптобирж часто прибегают к помощи VPN для обхода различных ограничений, это требование дополнительно осложнит доступ европейских клиентов к фьючерсной платформе Binance.

Koмпaния пo дoбычe биткoйнa Greenidge Generation плaниpуeт увeличить кoличecтвo вoзoбнoвляeмыx иcтoчникoв энepгии, дocтупныx для иcпoльзoвaния в Hью-Йopкe.

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Пo зaявлeнию гeнepaльнoгo диpeктopa Greenidge Джeффa Kиpтa, кoмпaния нaцeлeнa нa coздaниe выcoкoтexнoлoгичныx paбoчиx мecт для житeлeй и пoддepжку мecтнoгo бизнeca c пoмoщью coлнeчнoй фepмы.

Hoвый иcтoчник энepгии, пo-видимoму, тaкжe мoжeт быть иcпoльзoвaн для увeличeния мoщнocти биткoйн-зaвoдa кoмпaнии нa oзepe Ceнeкa, кoтopый к cлeдующeму гoду выдeлит 8…

Как сказал Сорос,«Дело не в том, правы вы или нет, а в том, сколько денег вы зарабатываете, когда правы, и сколько теряете, когда ошибаетесь».

Как и следовало ожидать, результаты (англ.)

Но пока что давайте предположим, что он прислушался к голосу разума и не стал пытаться «усреднить» убыточную позицию.

Рынок подал некоторый сигнал, покупки явно превзошли продажи, и, как следствие, рынок двинулся выше.

Как и почему рынок реагирует на эту точку данных, какова общая склонность к риску у игроков рынка и что это означает для этого рынка на данном временном горизонте?

ОтB пocтaнoвлeнии Heмeцкoгo oкpужнoгo cудa Дpeздeнa зaмopaживaниe гocудapcтвeнными oбвинитeлями кpиптoвaлют, xpaнящиxcя нa биpжax, oбъявлeнo нeзaкoнным.

Cуд укaзaл, чтo «плaтнaя тpaнзaкция иcключaeт кoнфиcкaцию дoxoдoв oт пpecтуплeния у дpугиx лиц, кpoмe пpecтупникoв или учacтникoв пpecтуплeния».

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Hecмoтpя нa тo, чтo влacти coздaли aгeнтcтвa пo бopьбe c кибepпpecтупнocтью, oтcлeживaть кpиптoвaлюты, cвязaнныe c пpecтупнocтью, дoвoльнo тpуднo.

B cвязи c этим пocлeдниe мecяцы влacти cфoкуcиpoвaлиcь нa кpиптoвaлютныx биpжax, пocкoльку oни пp…

Кристалина Георгиева считает, что главная криптовалюта может стать платежным средством в будущем, но пока она далека от этого.

Управляющий директор Международного валютного фонда Кристалина Георгиева заявила, что биткойн нельзя классифицировать как деньги.

Использование биткойна в качестве средства платежа в Сальвадоре затруднит сбор налогов и формирование цен на товары и услуги, считает глава МВФ.

МФВ должен предоставить странам платформу, которая обеспечит функциональную совместимость многих CBDC в будущем, считает Георгиева.

В прошлом году Международный валютный фонд утверждал, что криптовалюты могут стать могут стать следующим шагом в эволюции денег.

Цена цифрового золота преодолела отметку $40 000, приложение Robinhood провело IPO на бирже Nasdaq, в Казани задержали сооснователя «Финико» Кирилла Доронина и другие события уходящей недели. Цена биткоина вернулась к уровню $40 000 На фоне слухов о возможной интеграции криптовалютных платежей на маркетплейсе Amazon биткоин открыл неделю ростом на 12%, в моменте достигнув отметки $40 600. Во вторник, после того, как технологический гигант опроверг эту информацию, цена скорректировалась до $36 380. В ночь на 31 июля цифровое золото смогло закрепиться выше уровня $40 000. На момент написания актив торгуется около $41 200. Часовой график BTC/USDT биржи Binance. Данные: TradingView. За последню…

Комиссия по финансовым услугам Южной Кореи (FSC) обвинила ряд местных криптовалютных бирж в ведении незаконной деятельности. Об этом пишет The Korea Herald со ссылкой на осведомленные источники. Регулятор остановит операции 11 компаний и сообщит об их правонарушениях в прокуратуру и полицию. Речь идет о криптовалютных биржах малых и средних размеров. Они не смогли выполнить требования FSC по части идентификации клиентов с помощью именных банковских счетов и использовали «мошеннические коллективные счета». Неизвестно, какие именно платформы попали под прицел регулятора. По словам собеседника издания, этим компаниям придется закрыть бизнес, поскольку в будущем FSC не выдаст им разрешение на в…

Эксперты раскритиковали план Конгресса США по расширенному налогообложению криптовалют28 июля сенаторы США согласовали двухпартийный законопроект, направленный на обновление инфраструктуры Соединенных Штатов.

Юрист имеет в виду майнеров, которые по ряду причин не смогут соответствовать требованиям iRS;как следствие, США потеряет долю рынка добычи цифровых валют.

Юрист заявил, что для достижения поставленных целей Конгрессу США не нужно менять понятие «брокер» в налоговом кодексе.

Она подчеркнула, что в текущем виде документ противодействует инновациям и не способствует достижению поставленных перед ним целей.

Напомним, новая версия декларации Налоговой службы США по Форме 1040 содержит уточ…

Международное рейтинговое агентство Moody's понизило долгосрочный кредитный рейтинг Сальвадора в иностранной валюте до инвестиционного уровня Caa1 с «негативным» прогнозом. В агентстве отметили «ухудшение качества принятия политических решений» и «уязвимую фискальную позицию» Сальвадора. По мнению специалистов, действия правительства ставят под угрозу способность государства выплачивать внешний долг. Среди прочих мер администрации президента Найиба Букеле Moody's выделило легализацию биткоина. Специалисты считают, что этот шаг в совокупности с другими факторами может помешать достижению соглашения с Международным валютным фондом (МВФ). От последнего Сальвадор рассчитывает получить $1 млрд ф…

Мы стремимся информировать читателей не только о событиях в биткоин-индустрии, но и рассказывать о том, что происходит в смежных технологических сферах — кибербезопасности, а теперь и в мире искусственного интеллекта (ИИ). ForkLog собрал наиболее важные новости из мира ИИ за прошедшую неделю. Дипфейки добрались до онлайн-трансляций и видеоконференций.Еврокомиссия приостановила сделку между Nvidia и ARM из-за каникул.«Мегафон» запустил голосового помощника, который может отвечать на звонки, записывать и расшифровывать разговоры.В Украине грузовой беспилотник впервые в мире пролетел 480 км.Популярный создатель дипфейков присоединился к команде Lucasfilm.Канадец с помощью ИИ воссоздал образ по…

Американская компания по управлению активами GoldenTree Asset Management инвестировала часть своего капитала в биткоин.

В компании считают цифровое золото приемлемым диверсификатором портфелей, ориентированных на долговые ценные бумаги.

Основанная в 2000 году организация специализируется на высокодоходных облигациях, кредитах с левериджем (leveraged loans) и рисковых структурированных продуктах.

В ночь на 1 августа котировки биткоина поднялись выше $42 500 (на бирже Binance).

В начале июля основатель и главный инвестиционный директор GoldenTree Стивен Тананбаум совместно с партнерами Дибом Салемом и Джозефом Наггара вложились в фонд венчурной компании Borderless Capital, ориентированный на …

За последнее десятилетие искусственный интеллект прошел путь от идей из области фантастики до прикладной технологии. И уже сегодня алгоритмы сопровождают нас повсюду: в смартфонах, автомобилях, интернет-магазинах и даже офлайн-ритейле. За всеми этими разработками стоит огромное количество ученых, инженеров, разработчиков и менеджеров, которые шаг за шагом приближают человечество к новым технологическим горизонтам. В эксклюзивном интервью для ForkLog AI руководитель команды дата-саенс (Data Science) в Tango.me Даниил Швец рассказал, в чем на самом деле заключается суть профессии дата-сайентиста (Data Scientist), почему алгоритмы предвзяты, как бороться с дипфейками и зачем OpenAI продает сво…

Технология блокчейн остается одним из наиболее горячих трендов среди финансовых, государственных и коммерческих организаций во всем мире. Журнал ForkLog предлагает обзор наиболее интересных последних инициатив. В РФ создадут сервис для передачи ключей к биткоин-кошелькам по наследству В России разработают сервис на базе блокчейна для передачи цифровой информации по наследству. Создатели говорят, что с его помощью можно будет хранить «цифровые данные и активы — от паролей для соцсетей до ключей к биткоин-кошелькам». Как сообщили представители Национальной технологической инициативы (НТИ), пользователи смогут размещать через сервис цифровую информацию с возможностью ее передачи конкретным лиц…

В результате очередного перерасчета сложность майнинга биткоина увеличилась на 6,03%. Показатель достиг отметки в 14,5 трлн хешей (Т). Данные: BTC.com Это первый прирост сложности с 13 мая, когда она достигла максимума на уровне 25,05 Т. После этого показатель последовательно сокращался: сначала потеряв 16%, а затем еще 5,3%. Последующее падение оказалось рекордным — 27,94%. Затем сложность снизилась на 4,8%. Показатель коррелирует с хешрейтом биткоина, который начал падение в мае, после проблем с энергоснабжением майнеров в китайской провинции Сычуань, одном из ведущих мировых центров добычи криптовалюты на тот момент. https://forklog.com/chto-takoe-heshrejt-i-slozhnost-majninga-kriptovaly…

В ночь на 31 июля котировки биткоина за несколько часов поднялись с уровня около $39 000 до $42 411 (Bitstamp).

На момент написания цена скорректировалась.

На отрезке в семь дней показатель биткоина с ростом на 25% превзошел все ведущие альткоины.

На этом фоне старший стратег по сырьевым товарам Bloomberg Intelligence Майк Макглоун спрогнозировал, что цена биткоина скорее вернется к уровню $60 000, чем упадет до $20 000.

При этом большинство участников опроса, проведенного компанией Santiment в Twitter, считают, что Ethereum быстрее преодолеет отметку в $3000, чем биткоин — $50 000.

На официальном оборудовании Главного управления полиции Польши (KGP) добывали криптовалюту, сообщает Gazeta Wyborcza. Майнинг организовал гражданский ИТ-специалист ведомства, уточнило издание. Работника уже уволили из организации. По данным газеты, за ним последует еще один сотрудник. Опасения вызвала возможная утечка данных из сети правоохранителей в связи с незаконным майнингом. В полиции опровергли такую возможность. "Используемое устройство не было подключено к какой-либо базе данных, и дело в значительной степени касается кражи электроэнергии, которая потребляется при так называемом майнинге криптовалюты", — заявил инспектор Мариуш Чарка. Он подтвердил, что дело передано в прокуратуру …

Агентство по борьбе с отмыванием денег Индии изучает роль Binance Holdings в деле, связанном с приложениями для онлайн-ставок. Об этом сообщает Bloomberg со ссылкой на собственные источники. Согласно изданию, Управление правоприменения вызвало руководство холдинга для допроса. Власти расследуют деятельность управляемых китайскими операторами приложений, которые за последние 10 месяцев собрали более 10 млрд рупий ($134 млн). Правоохранители предполагают, что часть денег была отмыта через принадлежащую Binance криптовалютную биржу WazirX. Представитель Binance заявил, что компания не получала никаких повесток. "Мы всегда активно боролись с криминалом. Мы реагируем на запросы регулирующих орга…

Мы собрали наиболее важные новости из мира кибербезопасности за неделю.

Исследователь по кибербезопасности Марк Рюф (Marc Ruef) сообщил о продаже в даркнете базы из 3,8 млрд телефонных номеров.

По его словам, утечка связана с Clubhouse и затронула не только пользователей сервиса, но также содержит телефоны из их синхронизированных контактов.

Full phone number database of #Clubhouse is up for sale on the #Darknet.

It contains 3.8 billion phone numbers.

Цифровые активы являются еще одним платежным средством или способом передачи ценности, которая развивается со временем, как и любая финансовая технология. Об этом советник FinCEN по разработке связанной с цифровыми активами политики Мишель Корвер заявила в интервью Law360.

The post Советник FinCEN: криптовалюты — еще одно средство платежа first appeared on ForkLog.

Американские законодатели должны приветствовать развитие криптовалютных инноваций, а не сдерживать их развитие. Об этом заявил член Палаты представителей США Тед Бадд, пишет Decrypt. По его словам, некоторые члены верхней и нижней палат Конгресса опасаются блокчейна, децентрализованных финансов (DeFi) и их развития. «В Комитете по финансовым услугам недалеко от меня сидят даже те, кто может назвать блокчейн, по сути, финансовым 11 сентября», — отметил Бадд. Он назвал крптоскептиков недальновидными и добавил, что США рискуют утратить лидерство, если продолжат занимать враждебную позицию по отношению к криптовалютам. Конгрессмен не увидел в последних угрозы экономической стабильности и нацбез…

EthCC is back and stronger than ever!

Despite the pandemic, ongoing travel restrictions and sanitary passes, the Ethereum France team hosted the fourth edition of the Ethereum Community Conference in Paris.

Over 1,000 people attended the week-long affair, which saw an impressive number of side events and, as always, legendary parties.

For many attendees, it was their first conference since last year’s edition, and the first time they were able to embrace their fellow Etherians since the beginning of the pandemic.

For this EthCC recap panel, we’re joined by Kaiko CEO Ambre Soubiran, Ethereum France President Jerome de Tychey, and ParaSwap Founder Mounir Benchemled.

Recently launched Osmosis is a Cosmos based and IBC enabled AMM protocol that allows for a high level of customization by liquidity providers.

As the main dex on the Cosmos network, Osmosis provides liquidity for IBC-enabled Cosmos assets like AKT and ATOM for the first time.

Head of the Osmosis development team, Sunny Aggarwal, joined us for a chat about why the protocol was built and the problem it solves, the wider Cosmos ecosystem, and the roadmap for the protocol.

Originally started with a focus on prediction markets, Gnosis has done innovative work around automated market makers (AMMs) and decentralized exchanges for years.

The latest protocol launched by the Gnosis team is CowSwap.

CowSwap introduces various innovations that could improve user experience, reduce gas costs, reduce the effects of MEV and result in better outcomes for retail traders.

We were joined by Felix Leupold, software developer at Gnosis to discuss CowSwap and the future of decentralized exchanges.

Centrifuge is an open and permissionless protocol built on Polkadot and Ethereum that unlocks collateral for DeFi.

Centrifuge allows for the tokenization of real world assets such as invoices, real estate, or goods, and puts them on the blockchain.

Investors lend dai in exchange for an interest rate that depends on the borrower and the asset used as collateral.

We were joined by Lucas Vogelsang, CEO & Centrifuge Co-founder, and Cassidy Daly, Token Design & Research at Centrifuge.

They explained why they built the protocol and how it works, the first application built on top, Tinlake, its integration with other DeFi platforms such as Maker, and their vision for the future.

Ethereum 2.0 is an upgrade to the Ethereum network that aims to improve the network’s security and scalability.

Recently, we chatted to Danny Ryan about the Merge and switch to Proof of Stake.

As a follow up to that episode, we were joined by Dankrad Feist, who heads the sharding and statelessness research at the Ethereum Foundation.

We dove deep into the technical infrastructure of how Eth2 addresses scaling through sharding, the pros and cons of data shards vs. execution shards, and how this links up with ZK-rollups.

We also talked about the Ethereum state and how the state can be altered for protocol improvements.

zkSync is a trustless protocol for scalable low-cost transactions on Ethereum.

It’s also the only zkRollup protocol which supports EVM smart contracts.

Alex Gluchowski is co-founder of Matter Labs, and co-creator of zkSync.

We spoke with Alex in depth about how the protocol works and the potential for a highly scalable transaction and application layer on Ethereum.

By default, all transactions made on Ethereum are public.

Tornado Cash is a decentralized privacy preserving solution built on Ethereum which adds privacy through obfuscation.

Users can place Ether and some stable coins in prescribed increments [1 Eth, 10 Eth, 100 Eth…] into the Tornado Pool.

In return, they are issued a private note, with which they can withdraw funds at a later time to a different address.

We were joined by Roman Semenov, co-founder of Tornado Cash, to talk about how the protocol works, how it was set up, community governance, and where he sees Tornado Cash’s position in the quickly growing privacy ecosystem on Ethereum.

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are tokens that we can use to represent ownership of unique items.

They let us tokenize things like art, collectibles, even real estate.

They can only have one official owner at a time and they’re secured by the Ethereum blockchain.

Showtime is a NFT social media network where creators & collectors showcase their digital art.

We were joined by Alex Masmej, Co-founder and CEO of Showtime, to chat about why he got into NFTs and in particular crypto art, how Showtime works and its purpose, and the future of the platform.

Ethereum will switch from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS) likely already later this year in a much anticipated upgrade to Ethereum 2.

The switch to PoS aims to make Ethereum both more secure and more sustainable by securing the network through Ether instead of mining.

A second Eth2 update will address scaling through sharding at a later time.

Danny Ryan, Researcher with Ethereum Foundation, has been a major driving force behind the Eth2 project.

He joined us for a progress update and we chatted about how the protocol will work in its steady state, what has launched so far, what happens in The Merge, and how PoS will affect centralization tendencies.

“I owe a debt of gratitude to you for teaching me so much about #blockchain and #crypto projects I’ve listened to every episode, some several times.

Keep up the great work.

It is under-appreciated because it is deep.

Don’t stop though that’s what the industry needs

Curve is an Automated Market Maker (AMM) that lets users and other decentralized protocols exchange stablecoins (DAI to USDC for example) with low fees and low slippage.

Unlike exchanges that match a buyer and a seller, users transact with the smart contract itself.

By providing a flatter curve targeted for relatively stable pairs, Curve has established the lead position for these markets.

Curve is also leveraging its own token CRV to incentivize long-term adoption of the protocol and decentralize control of governance.

We were joined by Curve Finance Founder, Michael Egorov, to chat about why he created the protocol and his long term vision for the project.

Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled additions to Ethereum’s transaction fee mechanism.

Central to the design is a base fee, which plays the role of a reserve price and is meant to match supply and demand.

Every transaction included in a block must pay that block’s base fee (per unit of gas), and this payment is burnt rather than transferred to the block’s miner.

The base fee is adjusted after every block, with larger-than-target blocks increasing it and smaller-than-target blocks decreasing it.

Tim Roughgarden is a Professor of Computer Science and member of the Data Science Institute at Columbia University.

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Trevor is the cofounder of Brud, a technology startup specializing in artificial intelligence and media.

At Brud, they create social media personas with the help of CGI technology, the most well-known being Lil Miquela.

Lil Miquela is a sentient robot navigating life in LA — and has millions of followers on Instagram.

Trevor also started Friends With Benefits, a gated online community on a private discord server with a community token.

We talked with Trevor about the increasingly immersive social media experience, the future for creators and the future of organizations.

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Gurvais Grigg, Chainalysis public sector CTO, and Kim Grauer, director of research at Chainalysis, review the ransomware landscape.

Show Highlights:their backgrounds and roles at Chainalysishow a ransomware attack workswhat types of businesses are usually targeted in ransomware attackswhy ransomware as a service (RAAS) is a booming businesswhy Kim and Gurvais believe the hacking group REvil is becoming more sophisticatedwhat characteristic of REvil hints that the group could be affiliated with Russiahow the RAAS business model workshow ransomware payments can be trackedwhy ransomware reporting has a data problemwhy Bitcoin is the preferred method of payment amongst ransomware attackerswhat …

Aaron Wright, co-founder of OpenLaw and Professor at Cardozo Law, and Ross Campbell, SushiSwap core developer and LexDAO contributor, discuss the latest breakthroughs and legal implications in the burgeoning world[...]

The post Can a DAO Go to Court? According to Two DAO Legal Experts… Probably appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Kevin Zhang, vice president of business development at Foundry, breaks down the latest developments surrounding China and bitcoin mining. Show highlights: how he came across crypto and which Bitcoin OG[...]

The post The Bitcoin Hash Rate Has Dropped. How Long Will It Take to Return? appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Taylor Monahan, CEO of MyCrypto, and Tim Beiko, Ethereum Foundation core-dev facilitator, discuss the upcoming upgrade to the Ethereum network, EIP 1559. Show highlights: why Tim believes EIP 1559 is[...]

The post Ethereum’s EIP-1559 Will Solve Some Problems But Big Ones Will Remain appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Aaron Lammer, author and host of the Exit Scam podcast, recounts the mysterious and controversial death of QuadrigaCX’s founder Gerald Cotton. Show highlights: A quick recap of QuadrigaCX why Aaron[...]

The post Is Quadriga’s Gerald Cotten Still Alive? The ‘Exit Scam’ Podcast Aims to Answer appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

To celebrate the 5th anniversary of Unchained, I answer some questions submitted to me by the audience.

In this episode, I cover:what I think about the relationship between psychedelics and cryptothe most entertaining guest I’ve interviewed on Unchainedwhy Coinbase founders may have a more impactful future on crypto than Ethereum founderswhich show has been the most impactfulwhy I am a “nocoiner”where I believe DAOs fit into the future of cryptowho my favorite guests have been over the yearswhat I am most fearful and most hopeful about in the crypto spacewhy I think user-friendly products are so important moving forwardwhich DeFi projects I find the most interestingwhat sort of expenses go …

Willy Woo, on-chain Bitcoin analyst and writer of the Bitcoin Forecast, a market intelligence newsletter, and Rafael Schultze-Kraft, co-founder and CTO of Glassnode, discuss Bitcoin and what the on-chain metrics[...]

The post Will Bitcoin’s Price Go Up Again? Yes, According to On-Chain Analytics appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Nick Tomaino, general partner of 1confirmation, discusses his firm’s recently announced third fund of $125 million and gives his perspective on many hot crypto topics, such as NFTs, Layer 2 solutions, Polkadot, DAOs, and more.

Show highlights:why Nick became interested in crypto and his backgroundwhat drives 1confirmation’s investment thesiswhy he Nick believes NFTs have taken off in popularity this yearwhy NFTs are currently in a bubblewhat we might do with NFTs in the futurehow competition between different NFT marketplaces will shake outhow music NFTs could workthe feasibility of charging royalties in the secondary sale of NFTswhy environmental concerns over crypto mining to only be a sh…

Kain Warwick, founder of Synthetix, and Kyle Samani, managing partner at Multicoin Capital, debate the merits of Ethereum, Solana, and Binance Smart Chain.

In this episode, they discuss:why Ethereum is losing market share to Solana and BSCwhether decentralization matters and at what point decentralization becomes redundantwhy they think Solana and Binance Smart Chain need to be taken seriously as competitors to EThereumwhether BSC or Solana is the bigger long-term threat to Ethereumthe biggest obstacle to Ethereum’s success (and it’s not gas fees)how Ethereum will navigate fragmented Layer 2 solutionsSolana and its lack of developerswhat differentiates DeFi from CeFiwhy Solana has an edge o…

Last week, Tesla announced they will no longer accept Bitcoin as payment for vehicles. In a timely episode, Alex Gladstein, chief strategy officer at the Human Rights Foundation, and James[...]

The post Bitcoin vs. the Petrodollar: Which Is More Environmentally Friendly? appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

In this discussion I moderated for Paxos, Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev and Paxos CEO Charles Cascarilla discuss GameStop, the broken traditional financial infrastructure, and how blockchain technology may change the future of settlements.

Show highlights:why Robinhood stopped trading on GameStop and AMC stock earlier this yearwhat both Charles and Vlad think the feasibility of T+0 settlements versus Citadel’s and the DTCC’s aim of T+1 settlementshow the GameStop scenario would have been different in a T+0 environmentwhat it would look like if certain markets used T+0 settlements while others still settled on T+1why Robinhood decided to add crypto back in early 2018how Robinhood’s crypto operati…

Crypto’s Gender Disparity: What Can Be Done About It?

4 Women Weigh InCrypto sits at the intersection of two male-dominated industries: tech and finance.

I was asked to moderate a panel for the Amber Group with four leading women in crypto to discuss the role of gender in the crypto industry and what can be done to bring more women into the space.

Panelists include Mia Deng, partner at Dragonfly Capital; Amy Zhang, vice president of sales at Fireblocks; Alexis Gauba, cofounder at Opyn; and Annabelle Huang, partner at Amber Group.

Show highlights:how each panelist got into crypto, what it is they do, and which company they work forwhy women have been somewhat reluctant to speak on crypto gen…

Devin Finzer, co-founder and CEO of NFT marketplace OpenSea, talks all things non-fungible. Check out the whole show to hear Devin answer the following questions: First Half: Breaking Down NFTs[...]

The post How NFT Platform OpenSea Plans to Maintain Its Competitive Advantage – Ep.232 appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

In a fun change of pace, I was interviewed by the On Deck Podcaster Fellowship about the origins of Unchained pod, how my background as a journalist prepared me for podcasting, and tips for aspiring creators.

Episode highlights:why I believe the Unchained podcast has been successful and how my penchant for asking tough questions came about (1:48)how my background in journalism prepared me for hosting a podcast (6:35)how I choose guests for the show and how they feel about being asked difficult questions (9:10)why I feel my background in traditional media is so important (15:46)whether my podcast helped me land a book deal (20:35)the Unchained podcast origin story (26:37)how I’ve brought my …

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with John Light and Samuel JJ Gosling, two passionate privacy advocates and DAO thinkers.

This topic was brought up in a recent zkSessions focused on Privacy in NFTs and DAOs spurring a deeper dive into the subject.

John brings his past experience at Aragon, and now Sovryn, to discuss what is a DAO and what are its needs in privacy and collusion protection.

Here are some links for this episode:Be sure to check out the upcoming ZK Jobs Fair!

In the meantime, you can check out the ZK Jobs Board!

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Kristy-Leigh Minehan, a crypto and mining veteran primarily known for developing the ProgPow hashing algorithm.

She offers a unique and in-depth perspective into the world of Proof of Work mining, starting from the early days of Bitcoin and moving into the first Bitcoin ASICs, the Ethereum GPU mining era, all the way to the present day of staking dominance.

Some of these stories come from Kristy’s direct involvement in Genesis Mining, Core Scientific, ProgPow and her connection to the Ethereum mining community, which helps shed light on what miners will do after the Merge.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on Yout…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun chat with Sunny Aggarwal and Dev Ojha about their new project Osmosis, an AMM built into the Cosmos ecosystem using the IBC interoperability protocol.

Osmosis brings some interesting innovations to the AMM table, starting from the seamless IBC integration to customizable bonding curves and per-pool governance to promote experimentation.

Sunny and Dev are also very passionate about the topic of MEV, diving into the various types of value extraction, how MEV is mitigated on other networks and how it could be largely eliminated on Osmosis through threshold cryptography.

Least Authority will soon be releasing a whitepaper on ZKAPs – Zero-Knowledge Acc…

About this EpisodeThis week James and Anna chat with Ben Edgington, Lead Product Manager for Teku, an Eth2 client developed by ConsenSys.

Ben recounts his story of the involvement with Ethereum 2.0 from the very early months of Serenity and Shasper, and how those were completely replaced by the Beacon Chain concept that resulted in Ethereum 2.0 as we know it.

Ben then highlights what changed after Phase 0 launch: the simplification of Phase 1 & 2 , the rollup-centric roadmap and the upcoming Merge with Eth1.

Here are some links for this episode:Don’t forget to check out the ZK Jobs Board if you’re looking to connect and work with a talented team in crypto & zk land!

Updated every month, the…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Oskar Thoren and Sanaz Taheri-Boshrooyeh from Status to learn about their work on Waku, a decentralized messaging protocol incorporating zk-SNARKs for spam protection.

Waku is the successor of Whisper, a messaging protocol that turned out to be too resource-heavy and vulnerable to spamming.

Oskar and Sanaz explain how Waku V2 changes things, from ZKP-based spam protection to how its new networking system based on libp2p and Gossipsub can scale globally.

Least Authority has a long history of working with privacy enhancing technologies, including Zero Knowledge Proofs.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeRea…

About this EpisodeThis week Anna and Tarun host Noah Zinsmeister and Moody Salem to learn all about Uniswap and its recent Uniswap V3 deployment.

Noah and Moody go through the history of Uniswap from its EF grant days to Unisocks, Uniswap V2 and now Uniswap V3 and its ranged liquidity model.

At the end the conversation shifts into a multi-L2 deployment future and how that may increase MEV, leading Tarun to make an unexpected realization.

We will also be hosting an interactive community discussion about if and how the ZK community could potentially start using some of these tools as well.

The Aave community has unanimously voted to introduce an Aave Grants DAO to grow the Aave ecosystem.

About this EpisodeThis week Anna chats with Adrian Brink, co-founder of the Anoma Network and long-time crypto builder.

Adrian explains all there is to know about the new privacy-centric network, diving into concepts like fractal scaling, the validity predicate-based account model, the solution against front-running in Ferveo & much more.

Sign up for the zkSessions here: https://hopin.com/events/zksessions-daos-nftsToday’s episode is sponsored by EY Blockchain.

EY is committed to building a better working world on the public Ethereum blockchain with robust privacy technologies, like zero-knowledge proofs.

EY believes blockchain technology will be the glue that knits together a productive gl…

About this EpisodeThis week Anna and Tarun chat with Martin Köppelmann, CEO of Gnosis.

The company was known for championing prediction markets, but Gnosis has now shifted to making key infrastructure products.

Martin chats about this transition and explains Gnosis’s current products, which include a unique DEX called CowSwap and a number of products for managing DAO treasuries and governance.

Here are some links for this episode:If you’re looking for a job in the world of blockchain and zero knowledge, don’t forget to check out our Jobs Board!

If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeRead up on the r/ZKPodcast subredditGive us feed…

About this EpisodeThis week Anna and James chat with Elena Nadolinski, founder of Iron Fish, about the new privacy network and what led her to this point.

The deep dive into SNARKs and Sapling led to the creation of Beanstalk, later Iron Fish, which Elena hopes will become the shielded pool for all other blockchain assets.

Note: James is an investor in Iron FishHere are some links:Don’t forget to subscribe to the ZkMesh newsletter, aggregating all of the latest developments in ZK each month.

We also launched a newsletter for announcements related to what we do at ZK podcast.

-https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonDonate through coinbase.comme…

Taking a break from his degen career, Andy is now developing Fractional, a protocol for fractionalizing NFTs.

Where Media & Music Meet NFT & Blockchain, Zero Knowledge Episode 167 featuring Andre Anjos (RAC) and Trevor McFedries (Brud).

The board is updated right after each Jobs Fair, the next one of which is today!

Register here for the Jobs Fair and here if you want to attend the zkSessions sister event.

Also, make sure to subscribe to our new Substack to be updated of any future zkSessions, Jobs Fair, StudyClub or another of our many initiatives.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and James chat with Antonio Juliano, founder of dYdX, a derivatives exchange on Ethereum that recently transitioned to a StarkEx-powered L2 infrastructure.

Antonio brings a product-centric perspective to using scalability tech.

He explains the choice of going for StarkWare’s products and how it compares to other layer ones or rollups.

And for all job listings, check out the ZK Jobs Board for open positions.

They provide security consulting services, develop open source products and contribute to the advancement of learning and research in the field.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and James host Ed Felten and Steven Goldfeder, co-founders of Arbitrum, an Optimistic Rollup project born before the term "Optimistic Rollup" was even coined.

Ed and Steven tell Arbitrum’s story, from its beginnings as a chain-agnostic university project in 2014 to become an Ethereum-based Optimistic L2 Rollup solution based on fraud proofs.

They cover Arbitrum’s interactive fraud proofs, how they differ from other solutions like Optimism, and how Arbitrum and the Optimistic Rollup helps Ethereum scale.

or they can also act as borrowers to borrow in an overcollateralized way or undercollateralized way (think: one-block liquidity Flash Loan).

Assets can be t…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Alberto Garoffolo from Horizen Labs for their upcoming Zendoo protocol and Latus sidechain proposal.

The episode centers around the world of sidechains for UTXO-based blockchains such as Horizen or Zcash.

The Horizen team has developed Latus and Zendoo, a SNARK-powered mechanism for designing trustless sidechains.

Here are some links for this episode:Tomorrow we’re hosting the Privacy on Polkadot event as part of our ZK Validator work.

This is going to be the first of many privacy-centric meetups for Polkadot and other chains, hosting privacy projects from across the Web3 space.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and James chat with Ben Jones and Mark Tyneway from Optimism, the builders of the first Optimistic Rollup live on Ethereum.

The interview continues the series of L2-focused episodes we have been airing on the Zero Knowledge Podcast and comes just as Optimism gears up for launch.

Anna, James, Ben and Mark discuss the inner workings of their Optimistic Rollup, diving deep into concepts like data availability, the fraud proof, the role of the sequencer and the rollup’s complex relationship with layer-one.

Ben and Mark then lay out their vision for rollup-centric Ethereum and how rollup interoperability is the next major focus area for the ecosystem.

Signup for…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсудили устройство и децентрализацию 1inch network и тенденции развития DeFi в целом.

00:40:40 — Кому и в какой пропорции раздавались гавернанс-токены?

00:57:20 — Как 1inch работает с майнерами?

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проценты, устанавливаете свои сроки и условия, без необходимости предоставлять какие-либо документы или проходить KYC.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

00:09:12 Глава 1: Десять главных трендов на 2021 00:32:33 Глава 2: Десять людей, за которыми нужно сделить в 2021 00:41:43 Глава 3: Десять инвестиционных идей на 2021 00:50:52 Глава 4: Десять трендов для Биткоина и crypto monies 01:12:44 Глава 5: Десять трендов для Ethereum 01:33:26 Продолжение следует!

Ссылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проце…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Charles Finfrock, Insider Threat Director at a large publicly traded company (his views discu…

Show support appreciated: https://donations.cryptovoices.com Show Sponsor:

https://hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Matthew & Alec break down some recent developments including: - Free tech vs. open tech

- Housing market

- States' rights in the pandemic

- Can you predict inflation?

- Monetary base vs. Price inflation

- Gold wars

- Alec on the Anom story

- Revisiting the ever-present meme of Bitcoin & crime (keeping perspective with what happens in fiat world)

- Is God on your team? Or better, are Philistines not on your team? Listen on to learn more. Links for more info:

https://www.haloprivacy.com/

https://cryptovoices.com/basemoney

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANOM

https://www.wsj.com/arti…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec interview Todd Weaver, founder and CEO of Purism.

If you don't have a Purism laptop or phone, …

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec team up with Rodolfo Novak from Coinkite for a great ep on privacy and hardware wallets.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew teams up with two new hosts for covering new topics and a different direction for the show.

Michel from…

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Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $10 and contribute $10 to OWLS Lacrosse when you download the app.

Lend at Hodl Hodl is a new non-custodial bitcoin backed lending platform, that allows peer to peer lending and borrowing between users, globally, anonymously & on your own terms.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Thanks to Compass, it’s never been easier to mine bitcoin.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.1 is now available for download.

As described in detail in the release notes, miner block templates produced by this version of Bitcoin Core will signal readiness to enforce taproot during the roughly three month period specified by BIP341.

Note: due to a problem with the certificate authority that provides the code signing certificates for the Windows versions of Bitcoin Core, users on Windows will need to click through an extra prompt to install.

If you are planning to upgrade anyway, there’s no reason to delay using 0.21.1 because of this problem.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Today we’re excited to unveil Greenlight, our latest Lightning Network service.

The new service provides simple, secure access to the Lightning Network, allowing anyone to spin up their Lightning node in the cloud while retaining complete control over their funds.

Lightning SimplifiedGreenlight allows anyone to boot up their personal Lightning node on our cloud infrastructure in seconds and take full control over their funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

Over the last several months, we’ve been working hard behind the scenes to give the Blockstream Explorer a proper facelift.

We’ve also overhauled explorer navigation by rethinking link placement, navigation tools, and by adding a completely new menu.

Your favorite block and transaction details unique to the Blockstream Explorer are still available in the updated UI, including SegWit fee savings, privacy analysis, and peg-in and peg-outs between Bitcoin and Liquid.

Tor users can also continue to reach the Blockstream Explorer via our Tor Onion address.

Explore the New UI NowThe new Blockstream Explorer is now up and running!

After successfully completing a fully subscribed second tranche last week, BMN mining is now live.

Capital raised now totals €6.6M ($7.8M USD) with just over 33 BMN issued.

The BMN entitles investors to the Bitcoin mined by up to 2,000 TH/s of hashrate.

Bitcoin mined are secured in cold storage and delivered upon maturity of a three-year term.

Following several quarters of constrained hashrate growth on the back of the global semiconductor shortage, aggressive policy changes in China, and a record downward difficulty adjustment, Bitcoin mining is very profitable.

We’re proud to announce our collaborative effort with Square, Inc. to build an open-source, solar-powered Bitcoin mining facility at one of our Blockstream Mining sites in the United States.

Ultimately, we hope to demonstrate how bitcoin mining in conjunction with renewable energy can help drive the clean energy transition.

Our solar mining facilities are designed to be scalable, enabling us to add additional capacity and support more participants to significantly expand renewable mining operations.

Get MiningWe’re already working with Aker, and now Square, to pursue alternative and renewable energy Bitcoin mining, and have even more exciting news on this front to share soon.

If you’r…

Adamant Capital will lay the foundation for our new division Blockstream Finance, which will deliver Bitcoin investment products on the Liquid Network.

Banking veteran Jesse Knutson, the current VP of Financial Products at Blockstream, will helm Blockstream Finance, overseeing our future product launches.

Blockstream Finance LaunchpadBlockstream Finance will serve as a launchpad for innovative Bitcoin investment products, such as our recently launched Blockstream Mining Note (BMN).

Follow Us For Future Product Releases and NewsTo stay updated on the latest news and product launches from Blockstream Finance, bookmark the Blockstream Blog or follow us on Twitter @Blockstream.

For the latest r…

As a Blockstream Mining partner, BlockFi has deployed miners at our mining facility in Georgia, USA, with access to over 300MW of power capacity.

By engaging in Bitcoin mining, BlockFi looks to expand its service offerings to the mining community and to diversify revenue streams by accumulating bitcoin on its balance sheet.

And most recently, we released the Blockstream Mining Note (BMN), a security token that expands investor exposure to Bitcoin mining and adds security and censorship resistance to the Bitcoin network.

Partner With UsIf you or your company are interested in learning more about mining colocation services with Blockstream Mining, you can reach out to our team through the for…

It’s now easier than ever to access the Bitcoin network from space with the Blockstream Satellite Base Station.

The Base Station works with our satellite network in most parts of the world.

Current Kit Line-UpThe Base Station will replace the Blockstream Satellite Basic Kits and flat-panel antennas as our go-to receiver choice.

The Blockstream Satellite Pro Kit is back in stock and will still be available for:Users in some areas of the Asia-Pacific region—the Base Station supports Ku-band transmissions only.

In-Store, Order NowThe Blockstream Satellite Base Station is now available for preorder at our store for $499.

Blockstream Mining eliminated many of these challenges by providing an end-to-end Bitcoin mining colocation service that has helped many institutions get their Bitcoin mines online as quickly and painlessly as possible.

And today, we’re taking this one step further with the launch of the Blockstream Mining Note, a security token that expands exposure to Bitcoin mining to even more investors.

Bitcoin Mining in a Tradable TokenThe BMN provides non-US qualified investors access to hashrate generated at Blockstream’s mining facilities.

By packaging mining in a tradable token, the BMN allows investors more flexibility than a traditional investment in physical mining infrastructure—investor…

Today, we're revealing the Blockstream Mining Note, a security token that expands exposure to Bitcoin mining to even more investors. By packaging mining in a tradable token, the BMN allows investors more flexibility than a traditional investment in physical mining infrastructure.

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

This week’s newsletter describes recent changes to services and client software, discusses why wallets should wait before generating taproot addresses, lists new software releases and release candidates, and summarizes notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Changes to services and client softwareIn this monthly feature, we highlight interesting updates to Bitcoin wallets and services.

A weekly series about how developers and service providers can prepare for the upcoming activation of taproot at block height 709,632.

In addition to its release notes, see the descriptions of Eclair #1871 and #1846 in the notable changes section below.

Notable code and documentation chang…

● Request for OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK design suggestions: Jeremy Rubin posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a draft specification for an OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK opcode and asked for feedback from any developers who would prefer an alternative design.

Some alternatives were discussed, but the thread also branched off into a discussion about whether an OP_CAT opcode should be introduced at the same time.

OP_CAT and OP_CSFS would enable arbitrary transaction introspection—the ability to receive bitcoins to a script that could check almost any part of the transaction that later spends those bitcoins.

This can enable many advanced features (including versions of other proposed upgrades like SIGHASH_…

Also included are our regular sections describing how to prepare for taproot, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

News● BIPs for output script descriptors: Andrew Chow posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a proposed set of BIPs to standardize output script descriptors.

Descriptors were originally implemented for Bitcoin Core and have seen increased adoption over the past year by other projects.

Tapscript multisig: for legacy and v0 segwit, the multi() and sortedmulti() descriptors support the OP_CHECKMULTISIG opcode.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-L…

● Key derivation path for single-sig P2TR: Andrew Chow also posted a second proposed BIP to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list suggesting a BIP32 derivation path to use for wallets creating single-sig taproot addresses.

As expected, transactions using P2WPKH inputs and outputs are much smaller than those using P2PKH inputs and outputs—but, perhaps surprisingly, P2TR transactions are slightly larger than equivalent P2WPKH transactions.

Cheaper to spend: it costs about 15% less at the input level to spend a single-sig P2TR UTXO than it does to spend a P2WPKH UTXO.

Help full nodes: the overall security of the Bitcoin system depends on a significant percentage of Bitcoin users verifying every confirm…

Copies of all published parts of our weekly series on preparing for taproot activation at block 709,632.

Pay to TapRoot (P2TR) addresses use bech32m as specified in BIP350, which is slightly different than BIP173’s bech32 algorithm used for segwit v0 P2WPKH and P2WSH addresses.

Although receiving payments to taproot addresses won’t be safe until block 709,632, sending payments should not cause any problems for the sender.

Optech encourages developers of wallets and services to implement support for paying bech32m taproot addresses now rather than waiting until after taproot activates.

Wallets don’t need to implement descriptors in order to start using taproot, but those that do will give th…

If every transaction was replaceable, there’d be no need to set the BIP125 signal.

Starting at block 709,632, expected in November, Bitcoin users will be able to safely receive payments to taproot addresses.

Although receiving payments to taproot addresses won’t be safe until block 709,632, sending payments should not cause any problems for the sender.

Optech encourages developers of wallets and services to implement support for paying bech32m taproot addresses now rather than waiting until after taproot activates.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bit…

“Additive batching” is a scheme in which additional outputs are added to unconfirmed transactions in the mempool.

Replace By Fee (RBF, BIP125) and batching are two important tools for any enterprises directly interacting with Bitcoin’s mempool.

However, when you combine RBF and “additive batching,” emergent edge cases and dangerous failure scenarios present themselves.

In additive RBF batching, the service provider introduces new outputs (and confirmed inputs) to a transaction in the mempool to incorporate new customer withdrawals into an unconfirmed transaction.

There are many strategies to this type of additive RBF batching.

Also included are our regular sections with announcements of new software releases and release candidates, plus notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

The alternative method would enhance the privacy and fungibility of transactions made by single-sig users, multisignature users, and users of certain contract protocols such as taproot-enabled LN or advanced coinswaps.

Replace By Fee (RBF, BIP125) and batching are two important tools for any enterprises directly interacting with Bitcoin’s mempool.

There are many strategies to this type of additive RBF batching.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-…

● Receiving LN payments with a mostly offline private key: in 2019, developer ZmnSCPxj proposed an alternative way to encapsulate pending LN payments (HTLCs) that would reduce the amount of network bandwidth and latency required to accept a payment.

More recently, Lloyd Fournier suggested the idea could also be used to allow a node to accept multiple incoming LN payments without keeping its private keys online.

The idea does have some downsides:The node would still need its private keys to send a penalty transaction if necessary.

The receiving node would lose privacy—its immediate peer would be able to determine that it was the ultimate receiver of a payment and not just a routing hop.

Howe…

Also included are our regular sections describing software releases and release candidates, plus notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Notable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

● Bitcoin Core #20833 is the first PR in an effort to implement mempool package acceptance in Bitcoin Core.

● Bitcoin Core #22017 updates the code signing certificate used for Windows releases after the previous certificate was revoked by its issuer without them providing an explicit reason.

Several recent releases of Bi…

This week’s newsletter announces a change of networks for several IRC channels and celebrates Optech’s 150th newsletter.

Celebrating Optech Newsletter #150by John Newbery, Founder, OptechThis is the 150th regular Optech weekly newsletter that we’ve written for the Bitcoin technical community.

Optech was started with some very simple goals: to help Bitcoin businesses adopt technologies that allow Bitcoin to scale, and to highlight the amazing technical work happening in the open source Bitcoin community.

Selected Q&A from Bitcoin Stack ExchangeBitcoin Stack Exchange is one of the first places Optech contributors look for answers to their questions—or when we have a few spare moments to help …

This week’s newsletter provides updates on the previously proposed transaction relay reliability workshop and CVE-2021-31876.

Also included are our regular sections describing updates to services and client software, new releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Changes to services and client softwareIn this monthly feature, we highlight interesting updates to Bitcoin wallets and services.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), …

This week, Antoine Riard posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list the full disclosure of his previously privately reported finding that Bitcoin Core does not implement this behavior.

Riard analyzed how the inability to use inherited replaceability might affect various current and proposed protocols.

Only LN appears to be affected and only in the sense that an existing attack (see Newsletter #95) that uses pinning becomes cheaper.

The ongoing deployment of anchor outputs by various LN implementations will eliminate the ability to perform that pinning.

As of this writing, there has not been any substantial discussion of the issue on the mailing list.

● Miners encouraged to start signaling for taproot: miners who expect to be willing to enforce the new consensus rules for taproot are encouraged to begin signaling and to ensure they’ll be able to run Bitcoin Core 0.21.1 (described below) or other compatible taproot-enforcing software by the minimum activation block specified in BIP341.

Anyone wanting to trustlessly monitor signaling progress can upgrade to Bitcoin Core 0.21.1 and use the getblockchaininfo RPC.

For example, the following command line prints the number of blocks in the current retarget period, the number of those blocks which have signaled, and whether it’s possible for taproot to activate in this period (assuming there’s n…

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The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

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You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

Personally I think this is a really cool and innovative way to fund an Ethereum project and it allows basically anyone with an Ethereum wallet and some ETH to get involved - just another industry that Ethereum is democratizing.

By using Hop Bridge, users can now instantly transfer USDC between Ethereum, Polygon and xDAI.

StarkNet Alpha 1 has two new features - layer 1 <> layer 2 interaction and on-chain data.

The Gnosis Safe has now been deployed to the layer 2 solution Arbitrum as well as the Polygon PoS sidechain.

Users can deposit alUSD and mUSD at launch into the Vault to earn MTA and a share of trading fees.

The deal values Circle at $4.5 billion and comes after Circle raised $440 million from investors including Fidelity, Valor Capital Group and the London-based hedge fund Marshall Wace in May.

There was also an update provided regarding the gas situation on Optimism and the Synthetix June monthly update was also published.

Joining 1kx and Galaxy are 1confirmation, Defiance Capital, Assembly Capital, LD Capital, Wintermute, Laconia Ventures, and former wealth management executive Phil DiIorio.

There is now a price to earnings (P/E) ratio included on Token Terminal, alongside the price to sales (P/S) ratio.

Interesting TweetsEcosystem BitsBlog PostsPodcastsVideosHow To Create A Set On TokenSets…

- AnthonyNews of the WeekSouth Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb has banned its employees from trading on its own platform.

TP ICAP, the world's biggest interdealer broker, is set to launch a crypto trading platform for institutional investors.

EY is open-sourcing the prototype code for Nightfall 3, a Layer 2 protocol focused on Ethereum scaling that utilizes zero-knowledge proofs.

Aave Pro will be the first permissioned decentralized liquidity protocol being co-launched by Aave and Fireblocks.

Also participating in the round was Skyfall Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, imToken Ventures, Mechanism Capital and QCP Capital.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] DeFi users, you no longer need to pay expensive and unpredictable interest rates on your ETH-backed loans.

Lastly, users can stake LQTY to earn protocol revenue, which recently crossed >$12M since Liquity’s launch in April.

To learn more, head over to liquity.org to get started and get the most out of your borrowing needs today!

The new "Crypto Fund III" will be co-led by Chris Dixon and Katie Haun.

"The largest crypto fund ever raised to date, Crypto Fund III is a validating moment for the ecosystem and another sign that crypto becoming an ever more mainstream part of our financial infrastructure," the firm said i…

I joined The TIE this week to talk all things Ethereum, ETH and ETH 2.0 - you can watch/listen to that here.

Sichuan, a major Chinese bitcoin mining hub, due to its abundant hydroelectricity, is the latest province that has issued an order to shut down local bitcoin miners.

This will have been triggered by the high-level comment on bitcoin mining brought up in the Chinese State Council's meeting last month.

Pendle has now been released to mainnet in a beta capacity with a liquidity mining program included.

The Kyber DMM will be deployed to the Polygon network on June 30th along with a liquidity mining program.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] DeFi users, you no longer need to pay expensive and unpredictable interest rates on your ETH-backed loans.

Crypto-friendly Silvergate Bank has abruptly cut ties with crypto exchange operator Binance, The Block can confirm.

The email says that Binance will no longer support USD deposits and withdrawals via Silvergate Bank over SWIFT from June 11.

"USD deposits made to our Silvergate Bank account after 11 June 2021 (UTC 23:59) will be returned to your account within 21 working days," the email reads.

alETH from Alchemix allows users to use their ETH as collateral in order to borrow alETH (while earning a yield).

The firm also said Monday that "starting this week, we’ll invite select customers off the waitlist" for its card product.

Team growth, learnings from the first eth2 mainnet incident, r&d updates, sharding news and more in this update from PryLabs.

This new tool from Flipside Crypto allows users to input a bunch of different parameters to calculate different v3 LP outcomes.

After 3 months of beta testing and improvements on Kovan and Mumbai, the Pods demo has been released on Polygon.

The round was led by IDEO CoLab ventures with participation from A Capital, Scalar Capital, and DeFi Alliance.

Lastly, users can stake LQTY to earn protocol revenue, which recently crossed >$12M since Liquity’s launch in April.

The government of China's Inner Mongolia region has proposed eight new measures to phase out crypto mining activities.

The Inner Mongolia Development and Reformation Commission (DRC) issued a proposal on Tuesday that outlined eight areas that could be deemed as illegal that relate to crypto mining activities.

The proposed measures target not only crypto mining facilities in the region that mostly use fossil fuels but also power stations that supply energy to such operations.

This fresh round of capital comes from investors Blockchain Capital, Fintech Collective, LongHash Vent…

Standardizing POKT to the ERC20 token format as wPOKT enables Pocket Network to leverage the programmable composability of Ethereum smart contracts.

Within the wPOKT micro-economy, Ethereum users will be able to stake wPOKT for blockchain infrastructure access on behalf of their favorite DApps while earning rewards.

Sign up here to be alerted for when the wPOKT LBP and Data Farming program launches!

"In pursuit of these core functions we have been carefully monitoring and adapting to the technological innovations now transforming the world of payments, finance, and banking," he said.

The beautiful NFT viewing experience you’ve come to know & love inside the Rainbow app has been unleashed ac…

On a more positive note, the ETHGlobal Scaling Ethereum hackathon finalists were announced and you can view them here.

It shows that Tether held nearly 76% of its reserves in cash and cash equivalents and other short-term deposits and commercial paper.

Commercial paper, in fact, formed the majority of its cash and cash equivalents category, with a 65% share.

With Alpha Oracle Aggregator, Alpha Finance Lab will enhance scalability, flexibility, and security for the suite of Alpha products in a number of ways.

Zapper, the decentralized finance (DeFi) dashboard, has raised $15 million in a Series A round led by Framework Ventures.

I jumped onto Nugget’s News this week to discuss all things Ethereum - feel free to check that out here.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekExchange-traded fund (ETF) startup VanEck has filed for an ether-based ETF, public records show.

The same exchange is providing support for VanEck’s proposed bitcoin ETF.

The SEC has postponed any decision on VanEck’s bitcoin ETF proposal to next month.

Sotheby’s announced they will accept bitcoin and ethereum for Banksy’s Love is in the Air image at their Contemporary Art Evening Auction.

A16z is looking to raise between $800 million and $1 billion for the fund, which will be its third and largest crypto-focused fund.

A16z established a second crypto fund last year.

If a16z raises the $1 billion, this would make it one of the highest-funded investment pools dedicated to crypto.

In the past 6 months, MetaMask has grown 5x, and is now used by more than 5 million users every month.

The $150 million fund which will be focused on making DeFi more accessible and cost-effective to bring the next million users to DeFi.

What’s more, the Recipe Creator even allows users to simply tell the interface what they want and let the app prepare their recipe steps through use of natural language processing.

Get started with the Recipe Creator here.

The move follows shortly after the regulator approved the world's first bitcoin ETFs by the three firms earlier this year.

The price was still well above the reference price of $250 set Tuesday night, though no shares changed hands at that price.

However, kCompound loans are constantly monitored and protected by the KeeperDAO Just-In-Time Underwriter (JITU), which helps protect borrowers from liquidation.

Citing unnamed sources involved in the process, Russian news outlet Vedomosti broke the news on April 11.

Resistant to the sale of user data and ad space, Telegram has long suffered from a lack of clear revenue flow.

The price was still well above the reference price of $250 set Tuesday night, though no shares changed hands at that price.

Maple will be distributing its governance token MPL through a Balancer Labs Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool on April 28, 2021.

Convex Finance is a new platform, built by DeFi Natives, to simplify your Curve-boosting experience to maximize your yields.

Paper Title: Improving Blockchain Consistency by Assigning Weights to Random Blocks.

Authors: Nicholas Franzese*, Jonathan Katz†, Steve Lu‡, Rafail Ostrovsky§, Xiao Wang*, and Chenkai Weng*,Affiliations: * Northwestern University, † University of Maryland, ‡ Stealth Software Technologies, Inc., and § UCLA.

Paper Title: Shorter and Faster Post-Quantum Designated-Verifier zkSNARKs from Lattices.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

TLDR: Blockchain analysis is essential for understanding how cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are used in practice, and address clustering is a cornerstone of blockchain analysis.

First, it builds a ground truth set of transactions with known change from the Bitcoin blockchain that can be used to validate the efficacy of individual change address detection heuristics.

After applying the proposed prediction model to the Bitcoin blockchain, it analyzes the resulting clustering and develops ways to detect and prevent cluster collapse.

Authors: Sanket Kanjalkar*, Ye Zhang†, Shreyas Gandlur‡, and Andrew Miller§,Affiliations: * Blockstream Research, † New York University, ‡ Princeton University, and…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #116Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Stochastic Modelling of BlockchainConsensus.

Paper Title: A First Look into the Structural Properties and Resilience of Blockchain Overlays.

Paper Title: Stochastic Performance Modeling for Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus in Blockchain.

Paper Title: High-Frequency Connectedness between Bitcoin and Other Top-Traded Crypto Assets during the COVID-19 Crisis.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #115Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Layer Zero: Characterizing the Bitcoin Network through Measurements, Models, and Simulations.

TLDR: In recent years, research has shown the networking layer’s significant influence on the scalability, security, and privacy of blockchain systems.

Summary: A model for the block verification time of Zcash based on transaction features and a benchmark of the Zcash client’s block verification process and its employed cryptographic primitives to support and evaluate the model.

Paper Title: JACK THE RIPPLER: Arbitrage on the Decentralized Exchange of the XRP Ledger.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Pro…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #114Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Oracle Design Patterns.

Hence, blockchain oracles are introduced to mitigate the issue and are defined as trusted third-party services that send and verify the external information (i.e., feedback) and submit it to smart contracts for triggering state changes in the blockchain.

This paper studies and analyzes blockchain oracles with regard to how they provide feedback to the blockchain and smart contracts.

Paper Title: STO vs. ICO: A Theory of Token Issues under Moral Hazard and Demand Uncertainty.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making k…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #113Paper of the Week:Paper Title: DeFi Protocol Risks: the Paradox of DeFi.

Paper Title: On the deployment of FlyClient as a velvet fork: chain-sewing attacks and countermeasures.

Paper Title: Don’t Count on One to Carry the Ball Scaling BFT without Sacrifing Efficiency.

Paper Title: Security Tokens.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

Paper Title: Modeling Coordinated vs. P2P Mining: An Analysis of Inefficiency and Inequality in Proof-of-Work Blockchains.

Paper Title: PoDT: A Secure Multi-chains Consensus Scheme Against Diverse Miners Behaviors Attacks in Blockchain Networks.

Paper Title: The non-fungible token (NFT) market and its relationship with Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Paper Title: Blockchain, Privacy, and Artwork Registries: Consensus between Constraints.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #111Paper of the Week:Paper Title: GoAT: File Geolocation via Anchor Timestamping.

This work defines what it means for a PoGeoRet scheme to be complete and sound, in the process making important extensions to prior formalism.

Paper Title: Topological Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Multilayer Blockchain Networks.

Authors: Dorcas Ofori-Boateng*, Ignacio Segovia Dominguez†, Murat Kantarcioglu†, Cuneyt G. Akcora‡, and Yulia R. Gel†,Affiliations: * Portland State University, † University of Texas at Dallas, and ‡ University of Manitoba.

Paper Title: SoK: Privacy-Preserving Computing in the Blockchain Era.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #110Paper of the Week:Paper Title: A Permissionless Proof-of-Stake Blockchain with Best-Possible Unpredictability (or, How to Mimic Bitcoin via Proof-of-Stake).

Among other features, the design achieves the “best possible” unpredictability for permissionless proof-of-stake protocols.

Authors: Lei Fan*, Jonathan Katz†, Phuc Thai‡, and Hong-Sheng Zhou‡,Affiliations: * Shanghai Jiaotong University, † University of Maryland, and ‡ Virginia Commonwealth University.

Summary: A robust, secure, and scalable consensus protocol for a permissionless blockchain suitable for deployment in an adversarial environment such as the Internet.

Paper Title: Should Central Banks Use Distri…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #109Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Internet Computer Consensus.

The ICC protocols are leader-based protocols that assume partial synchrony, and that are fully integrated with a blockchain.

Paper Title: Mining in Logarithmic Space.

Authors: Felix Engelmann*, Lukas Müller†, Andreas Peter‡, Frank Kargl†, and Christoph Bösch†,Affiliations: * Aarhus University, † Ulm University, and ‡ University of Twente.

Paper Title: The Availability-Accountability Dilemma and its Resolution via Accountability Gadgets.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #108Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Securing Parallel-chain Protocols under Variable Mining Power.

TLDR: Several emerging proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain protocols rely on a “parallel-chain” architecture for scaling, where instead of a single chain, multiple chains are run in parallel and aggregated.

This paper considers the design of provably secure parallel-chain protocols which can adapt to such mining power variations.

Paper Title: Making Synchronous BFT Protocols Secure in the Presence of Mobile Sluggish Faults.

Paper Title: An economic theory of blockchain foundations.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #107Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Targeting the Weakest Link: Social Engineering Attacks in Ethereum Smart Contracts.

TLDR: This work explores the possibility and existence of new social engineering attacks beyond smart contract honeypots.

It presents two novel classes of Ethereum social engineering attacks — Address Manipulation and Homograph — and develops six zero-day social engineering attacks.

Paper Title: Forward-secure Multi-user Aggregate Signatures with Constant Complexities using Recursive zk-SNARKs.

Paper Title: Accountable Fine-grained Blockchain Rewriting in the Permissionless Setting.

The techniques are inspired from the inner pairing product argument introduced by Bünz et al.

The key tool for the proposed construction is a new commitment scheme that allows to instantiate the inner product pairing argument of Bünz et al.

The work also describes a scheme that merges together a multi-exponentiation argument and an inner pairing product argument for some common randomness vector with minimal overhead.

Authors: Nicolas Gailly*, Mary Maller†, and Anca Nitulescu*Affiliations: * Protocol Labs and † Ethereum Fondation.

Paper Title: MatRiCT+: More Efficient Post-Quantum Private Blockchain Payments.

TLDR: During early 2021 reports emerged of newfound excitement in the art world as a landmark sale of digital art for $ 69 million takes place.

What then are nonfungible tokens, how is this related to the blockchain and what do we know about this ancient market for digital art?

It now appears that digital art can be added to the growing list of uses for blockchain technology now becoming a part of modern life.

This article first discusses the new and explosive market for digital art and it explores the evolution of the digital world and virtual property.

This dramatic extention of blockchain and other digital technology to the world of art and music represents a new and exciting platform fo…

The Index Coop is a DAO to make crypto investing simple, accessible, and safe for everyone through crypto index primitives.

Unit supply is the number of tokens (“units”) circulating due to market demand.

Unit supply has grown by 171% over the past 90 days led by the explosive launch and growth of the FLI product series in April-May and followed by MVI’s 33% unit supply growth in just the past 30 days.

The Coop has not experienced a negative week-over-week growth rate in unit supply since March.

0x API user base in June peaked at ~196k, which has doubled compared with May.

It totals up to ~200k when 0x native contracts traffic combined.

New user growth was mainly contributed by the Polygon community -- since the launch on Polygon, over 70k users have traded via 0x API, ~90% of whom are brought by Zapper.

First 2 weeks of July show that the scale of Polygon active users is relatively same as Ethereum on 0x API already.

The first 2 weeks of July show that the scale of active Polygon users is already relatively close to those of Ethereum on 0x API.

NEAR is a sharded, Proof-of-Stake public blockchain.

NEAR supports smart contracts targeting both WebAssembly (Rust, AssemblyScript) and the EVM (Solidity, Vyper).

Several new initiatives and projects were launched on NEAR recently including an Ecosystem Treasury DAO with up to 200M $NEAR, Green NFTs program, and the Skyward price discovery auction platform.

The NEAR ecosystem is growing in many areas, and the network hit the mark of 10M total transactions last month.

This is issue #78 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 12k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

① Stablecoins📈 Stablecoin Marketcap Crosses $110B📊 Track Stablecoin Metrics On Dune & CoinGeckoStablecoin marketcap breached $111 billion, as it now makes up 7.7% of the total crypto marketcap.

YTD stablecoin marketcap growth is 3.7x, far outpacing the total YTD crypto marketcap growth of 1.9x.

Algo-stables are also now a sizable category, comprising of ~8% of the total stablecoin marketcap.

Driven by the massive crash in May, the combined market share of USDC and USDT reached 7% as a percentage of…

This is issue #77 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 12k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

① NFTfi📈 Loan Volume Crosses $2.7M With ~$2M RepaidNFTfi is the first, and at present only, functioning loan market enabling secure P2P lending/borrowing against NFTs as collateral.

Volume stats below:The largest NFT backed loan to date, on any platform, was done via NFTfi on May 14, 2021.

As collectors continue spending significant amounts of ETH supporting creators, the network will continue to attract established as well as promising new creators.

Dune Analytics③ Rarible📈 Rarible Raises $14.2M R…

This is issue #76 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 12k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

This week our contributor analysts cover decentralized infrastructure projects: Helium, The Graph, Pocket Network, and Flashbots.

① Helium📈 Helium Network Size Up 15x YoYHelium is a crypto-economic protocol for deploying real-world wireless networks, starting with a LoRaWAN network for low-power IoT devices.

The percentage of Ethereum blocks that include Flashbots bundles, as well as the total number of bundles landing on-chain, have both been steadily increasing.

④ Pocket Network📈 # Of Apps Stakin…

Coverage on COMP, AAVE, GTC, and CREAM.

Total HNS Burned to date is 21.7M HNS, equal to more than 1% of total supply burned in just sixteen months since network launch.

With the combined network hashrate reaching 11 petahashes, we’ve seen roughly 50% growth since our last update.

This was partly because the network was at capacity and rising gas costs meant individuals engaged with DeFi applications in fewer frequency.

Users transitioning towards Polygon's network are trying to escape the cost of transactions on Ethereum's network while seeking similar user experiences.

Covalent③ Livepeer📈 Livepeer passes 1M minutes of unique video streamed per weekThe number of minutes of input video streamed through the Livepeer network has gro…

Total HNS Burned to date is 21.7M HNS, equal to more than 1% of total supply burned in just sixteen months since network launch.

With the combined network hashrate reaching 11 petahashes, we’ve seen roughly 50% growth since our last update.

This was partly because the network was at capacity and rising gas costs meant individuals engaged with DeFi applications in fewer frequency.

Users transitioning towards Polygon's network are trying to escape the cost of transactions on Ethereum's network while seeking similar user experiences.

Covalent③ Livepeer📈 Livepeer passes 1M minutes of unique video streamed per weekThe number of minutes of input video streamed through the Livepeer network has gro…

This week our contributor analysts cover Uniswap, Ethereum, Bitcoin, Dogecoin, and Polkadot.

① Uniswap📈 Uniswap v3 Flips v2 In Volume After Just 3 WeeksJust three weeks after its launch, Uniswap v3, the latest iteration of the Uniswap protocol, has officially flipped v2 on volume.

A testament to v3’s trade execution quality, the Uniswap protocols now receive 40% of weekly aggregator flows, up from 20% pre-launch.

Flipside CryptoThe Uniswap protocols continue to dominate Ethereum activity, with the v2 and v3 routers attracting ~25% of all network transactions.

Glassnode③ Bitcoin📈 Bitcoin Security Still Strong Despite The CrashOver the last two weeks, reports have surfaced that the Chinese go…

It has been one year since Polkadot’s genesis block was produced on May 26th, 2020.

Since then, there have been 5.25m finalized blocks with 3.75m transactions and 344,198 active accounts.

On Kusama, Polkadot’s canary network, 7.66m blocks have been produced with over 1m transactions and 102,938 active accounts.

The network has been secured by a sufficient amount of validators and has transitioned to a Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS) network from a Proof of Authority (PoA).

DAI supply has been growing consistently in 2021 (almost 400% YTD).

Supply brushed up against $5b this week, just before the ETH price crash that sent numerous DeFi protocols into liquidations.

Maker was one of these protocols, with over $46M liquidated on May 19th.

However, the DAI supply dipped by a full 400-450M; As such, a large portion of positions were rebalanced or repaid prior to liquidation.

This is in contrast to the sudden and severe “zero-bid” liquidations of Black Thursday 2020.

This week our contributor analysts cover L1 Networks: Near, Avalanche, Terra, Solana and Binance Smart Chain.

NEAR Indexer② Avalanche📈 Avalanche DeFi activity spiking after upgradeAvalanche (AVAX) is an open-source platform for launching decentralized applications and enterprise blockchain deployments in one interoperable, highly scalable ecosystem.

Despite a 50% reduction in fees in a March network upgrade, Avalanche is the 4th Highest Layer-1 in fees (note: fees in on Avalanche are burned, benefitting all network participants).

Fees for Avalanche users got significantly cheaper, but the burn rate increased as more users, applications, and assets joined the network.

This rise in UST fees h…

With only 21 slots available for ‘active stakers’ the BSC protocol re-evaluates voting (staking) power every four hours, making sure the biggest stakers are active.

Currently to qualify as an active staker individuals have to stake at least 328,731 BNB, ~30% greater than last weeks active staker threshold.

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Multicoin Capital led Superfluid’s $9M series seed alongside Semantic Ventures, who led the pre-seed round, DeFiance Capital, Delphi Digital, MetaCartel Ventures, Fabric Ventures, The LAO, DeFi Alliance, Divergence Ventures, and MMC Ventures.

If someone has your credit card information (analogous to a public key), they can effectively charge at will.

Recently, Apple layered public key cryptography onto the legacy system via Apple Pay using the secure enclave in every iPhone.

However, public key cryptography on a blockchain creates a few new problems: key management and gas consumption.

Superfluid streams can build on other Superfluid streams—so that Bob can stream funds to Carol as he recei…

Predictability Is Power“I very frequently get the question: 'What's going to change in the next 10 years?'

However, there is not a single person or organization in the world that can answer this question today.

The Social Scalability Costs of FragmentationBeyond the lack of certainty outlined above, fragmenting applications across shards and roll ups creates explicit new social coordination costs that are not present in single-shard systems.

This will increase the amount of social coordination required in each protocol’s community, and slow down the rate of development.

Multicoin Capital abides by a “No Trade Policy” for the assets listed in this report for 3 days (“No Trade Period”) follow…

Building on the success of our first venture fund, we’re proud to announce that Multicoin Capital has raised a new $100M venture fund to back entrepreneurs building companies (equity), and protocols (tokens) in and around the crypto space.

Our single largest investment in our first venture fund was Helium, which represented almost 12% of the fund.

We helped seed or fund many of these projects early—The Graph, Solana, Torus, StarkWare, and others—out of our first venture fund.

We expect to deploy a significant amount into these areas out of Venture Fund II over the next few years.

We made several investments in some of the most strategic layers of the stack out of our first venture fund.

Today, I’m excited to announce our investment in REALY, a platform that trades the legitimacy of streetwear and other real world collectibles.

While each of these applications is hyper-tailored for their respective communities, they are all powered by the REALY platform.

The REALY network captures 10% of all sales from across the REALY ecosystem.

This makes it possible for fans and collectible investors to get exposure to the growth of the entire REALY ecosystem.

The REALY teamGeorge Yang, the CEO of REALY, is a serial entrepreneur in the fashion and collectible industry.

Multicoin Capital co-led the Series C round in Helium Inc in 2019 along with USV.

The growth of the Helium Network is driven by a positive feedback loop or flywheel.

This higher price will mean better ROI for Helium hotspot owners, which will further drive network growth.

Over the next year, the Helium network will roll out across the rest of the world.

Powered by the economic flywheel, the Helium network will grow to dominate global telecommunications.

Multicoin Capital has accumulated a large position in RUNE, the native token of THORChain, a decentralized cross-chain automated market maker (AMM).

There is a tremendous opportunity to build products that enable trust-minimized, cross-chain trading.

In a world where many chains and tokens exist, traders naturally want to be able to trade assets across chains in a trust-minimized way.

The first of such cross-chain trading examples was the Tier Nolan atomic swap.

The diversity of chains creates the need for a trust-minimized, decentralized way to trade spot tokens across chains.

Back in August 2020 we led a $1.8M investment in a new automated market maker (AMM) protocol focused on perpetual contracts: Perpetual Protocol, aka Perp.fi!

Once collateral is deposited, traders trade perpetual contracts just as they would on centralized exchanges, but with one key difference.

First, PERP holders govern the protocol, including managing parameters such as trading fees, asset listings, insurance fund management, and more.

Perhaps the best thing about The Perpetual Protocol is that it can be used to trade any asset with a public price feed.

That means it can trade perpetual contracts for cryptos, commodities and or any asset in any asset class.

DeFi lending is 11% of CeFi lending, and DeFi trading is 15% that of CeFi trading.

Swivel TradingLet’s walk through a trade on the Swivel exchange, which is an orderbook-based exchange built on top of the Swivel protocol.

While Swivel offers more leverage for interest rate speculators than ZCB protocols, Swivel does not offer fixed-rate borrowing, and so we are interested in the ZCB model as well because Swivel and ZCB protocols will serve different segments: Swivel for interest-rate speculation and fixed-rate lending, and ZCB protocols for fixed-rate borrowing.

While the Swivel protocol is starting with fixed-floating swaps (the contract example used in the section titled Swivel Lending), …

As DeFi protocols gain traction, they become part of an increasingly complex DeFi system.

Level 3: Price OraclesBuilding on the transaction layer, price oracles are the next foundational piece of infrastructure.

Secure and verifiable inputs of market data are critical to the functioning of DeFi protocols.

These products often provide smart contract constructions that enable users to interact with other Ethereum DeFi protocols.

DeFi Risk ManagementQuantifying Compounding Risk in DeFiThere is growing risk in DeFi today.

In the long run, OXIO aims to financialize the largest, most ubiquitous commodity in the world that is not yet financialized: mobile connectivity.

Let’s touch on some unique ideas and use-cases that OXIO enables:Nike could offer their customers mobile connectivity.

Using OXIO, brands can not only engage with their customers in new ways, but learn valuable insights.

Given the LTV of their customers, brands can subsidize their customer’s connectivity, either in full or in part using OXIO, or simply create engagement-driven loyalty programs.

In doing so, OXIO will introduce capital markets to mobile connectivity.

The chats highlighted below include conversations with key team members at Solana, Helium, and Ribbit Capital.

Fireside Chat with SolanaRaj Gokal, the COO of Solana, joined Kyle and Tushar, the managing partners of Multicoin Capital, for the first fireside chat of the summit.

Ribbit Capital is widely regarded as one of, if not the best, fintech investors in the world.

Ribbit Capital invested with Multicoin Capital late last year and most recently raised $350 million for a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC).

At the time of publication, Multicoin Capital holds Helium ($HNT) and Solana ($SOL) tokens.

With all the money printing around the globe, I thought it would be a good time to talk Bitcoin and Crypto.

I invited Kyle Samani on the podcast because he has a great understanding of the technology and products.

The guest I’m referring to in this case is Kyle Samani.

Kyle is the founder and managing partner at Multicoin Capital, a firm that invests in all things crypto (including companies and tokens).

The Takeaway:While crypto is super volatile, it isn’t going away anytime soon (Kyle does explain why Bitcoin could struggle).

Subscribe to our Podcasts for the best insights in crypto

Editor's Note: This podcast was originally published by On The Brink.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Listen nowVisit this link to listen to the episode in full:DescriptionKyle Samani, cofounder and managing partner at Multicoin, joins the show to talk his current views on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and to give an update on web3 and how Multicoin is approaching the opportunity.

In this episode:

While scaling Ethereum has been a conversation since the protocol was born, the popularity of DeFi and NFTs has made it an urgent concern.

zkSync best preserves the properties that have made Ethereum successful thus far: decentralization, security, composability, capital efficiency, and instant withdrawals.

As a result, we believe zkSync paves the smoothest path to scaling DeFi, NFTs, and all other innovations happening on Ethereum.

In 2020, nearly all the applications Vitalik dreamed up in the Ethereum whitepaper were live on Ethereum, as were dozens more that couldn’t have been imagined when Ethereum was born.

As Vitalik pointed out in his post, a rollup-centric Ethereum roadmap, the Ethe…

It works by separating the principal from the interest of a given stake into two separate, tradable tokens: Principal Tokens and Interest Tokens.

The market might be interested in buying your 10,000 USDC principal tokens for 9,400 USDC, thus securing a fixed yield of 6%.

Principal tokens trading at a market discount function like zero-coupon bonds and unlock a whole new asset class in DeFi.

You can sell your principal tokens and hold onto your interest tokens, or you can sell your interest tokens and hold onto your principal tokens, accessing some of tomorrow’s yield today.

Higher or lower fixed yields on principal tokens provide certain kinds of information, as do higher or lower prices on…

[4]Thought leadership and recommendations from reputable individuals or organizations are a key source of normative guidance on DAO governance.

In addition to technical specialization in network operation, software development, and cybersecurity, other areas of DAO governance are also increasingly professionalized (e.g.

Professionalization of DAO governance encourages homogenization.

And given that DAOs are often set up to run radically new experiments, growing isomorphism in DAO governance is not a foregone conclusion, even though that is what the anecdotal evidence discussed above seems to support.

Varying degrees of isomorphism in DAO governance are simply a reflection of how different o…

This piece is about one thing: what is the initial distribution of the capital that underpins a cryptonetwork?

In a recent conversation between the Placeholder and USV teams, Fred Wilson commented that with organizations he’s experienced going south over time it can often be traced back to an original sin at inception (team, approach, economics or any other pivotal decision).

For crypto, an original sin we regularly observe is insiders owning too much of systems that are marketed as public, egalitarian networks.

At Placeholder we have targeted 1-5% network ownership on a fully-diluted basis, with Placeholder’s most concentrated position coming in at 7% ownership fully-diluted.

If you want t…

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions matches a desired payoff.

More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff functions and the space of convex CFMMs are equivalent; in other words, every CFMM has a concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff function, and every payoff function with these properties has a corresponding convex CFMM.

We demonstrate a simple method for recovering a CFMM trading function that produces this desired payoff.

This method uses only basic tools from convex analysis and is intimately related to Fenchel conjugacy.

We demonstrate …

Economic conditions, technology, and human practice are all subject to change, and thus approaches to systemic risk mitigation must also evolve over time.

Before considering strategies for systemic risk mitigation, it is important to identify individual types of risk with systemic implications.

Similarly, systemic risk mitigation in DeFi relies heavily on how risk and emergency situations are managed at the level of individual users, businesses, and networks.

In comparison to traditional finance, the key technological advantages of DeFi as it relates to systemic risk mitigation are higher levels of digitization, transparency, and automation.

It may therefore seem premature to think about sy…

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, and mStable, among many others, make up some of the largest decentralized exchanges on Ethereum and other blockchains.

Because all transactions are public in current implementations, a natural next question is if there exist similar decentralized exchanges which are privacy-preserving; i.e., if a transaction’s quantities are hidden from the public view, then an adversary cannot correctly reconstruct the traded quantities from other public information.

In this note, we show that privacy is impossible with the usual implementations of CFMMs under most reasonable models of an adversary and provide some mitigating strateg…

This value proposition hit a chord: in its first 8 weeks of life, over 1,000 open source projects published their code to the Radicle network – and growing day by day.

In February 2021, Radicle launched an Ethereum blockchain integration along with the creation of the RAD governance token.

Third, it enables decentralized funding of open source projects.

This alone is a big innovation, prone to catalyze a new era of open source funding.

We have been working with the Radicle development team for over three years, but this launch is just the beginning of the network’s journey.

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains.

Trading fees have been proposed as a mechanism for compensating LPs for arbitrage losses.

CFMM designers are therefore faced with the problem of how to optimally select fees to attract liquidity.

We develop a framework for determining the value to LPs of supplying liquidity to a CFMM with fees when the underlying process follows a general diffusion.

Our approach also allows one to select optimal fees for maximizing LP value.

Liquidity and trading activity on constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer has grown significantly in the second half of 2020.

Much of the growth of these protocols has been driven by incentivized pools or 'yield farming', which reward participants in crypto assets for providing liquidity to CFMMs.

But what does it mean for a CFMM to be the most liquid market?

We show that this definition is tightly related to the curvature of a CFMM's trading function and can be used to explain a number of heuristic results.

Additionally, the results can also be used to model interacting markets and explain the rise of incentivized liquidity provision, also known as 'yie…

The entire work process, up to the finished product, is performed by automatic machinery and with repetitious mechanical uniformity; the entire factory becomes one single automaton.

[…] And just as the work processes which result in the end product are performed by an automaton, so the end product itself is very often an automaton designed for repetitious mechanical work processes.

There are some important caveats to this emphasis on the role of digital automation in driving human action.

If governed responsibly for the well-being of all, the Great Automaton in the making has a lot of potential for good.

The title of the interview contains a rather thought-provoking phrase for thinking abou…

If a CFMM has zero curvature, the price reported by the CFMM doesn’t change, no matter how much is traded.

One of the main connections between analysis and algebra comes from the notion of intrinsic curvature.

For instance, the intrinsic curvature of a beach ball doesn’t change when you rotate it by any amount in any direction.

How does this relate to the intuitive notion of CFMM curvature?

But how does this curvature related to the interaction between a CFMM, as a primary market, and other, secondary markets?

AUSTIN, TEXAS – June 4, 2021 – Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the initial closing of a $25 million Series A capital raise led by institutional bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG and parent company Stone Ridge Holdings Group.

In February, NYDIG made an initial investment in Unchained Capital through a minority equity stake and agreed to provide $50 million of lending capital.

The partnership between Unchained and NYDIG creates synergies beyond simply capital.

“The partnership between NYDIG and Unchained makes sense on so many levels.

About NYDIGNYDIG provides Bitcoin investment and technology solutions to insurers, banks, corporations, institutions, and HNW individ…

With Bitcoin 2021 just around the corner, we are very excited to announce that Ted Rogers and Jimmy Song have joined the team at Unchained Capital as senior Advisors.

Ted helped lead and scale Xapo through critical years from 2014 to 2019, culminating in the sale of Xapo’s institutional business to Coinbase.

Like Ted, Jimmy Song is a long-time veteran in the bitcoin community.

In addition to Programming Blockchain, Jimmy is the author of Programming Bitcoin, published by O’Reilly Media in 2019.

We could not be more excited to have Jimmy advising our engineering team and contributing to our engineering strategy in a more formal capacity.

Bitcoin transaction fees, how they’re calculated, and how to pay lessBitcoin is by far the most valuable and therefore most heavily demanded cryptocurrency, but there ain’t no such thing as a free lunch.

One of the more challenging aspects of understanding bitcoin is the paradigm shift in how transaction processing works, which often causes quite a shock for users who encounter high fees for the first time.

In this post, we will attempt to shed some light on the often misunderstood world of bitcoin transaction fees, while sharing some best practices on how users can learn to save on fees when transacting directly on the bitcoin network.

Fiat vs. Bitcoin: A new way to think about paying for …

The concept of personal sovereignty has always been important to me.

For someone like myself, trying to tackle the technical aspects of bitcoin was quite daunting.

I quickly realized that to achieve the personal sovereignty I was after, I would need to learn an entirely new skill set and get comfortable with the technology.

For many people, this can be daunting and often prevents them from ever experiencing the financial freedom that Bitcoin natively delivers.

For me, self-sovereignty was what motivated me to take control of private keys and understand the technical aspects of bitcoin.

In Part I, we defined the First Law of Bitcoin Astronomy and described how it leads to new blockchains as humanity expands through the solar system.

Though we did discuss interstellar colonies and blockchains, we focused our attention in Parts I & II on our solar system and species.

Our galaxy may be full of technological, communicating, proof-of-work hashing alien civilizations.

NASA’s maxim for finding life in our solar system — Follow the water — assumes life elsewhere requires liquid water because all life on Earth does.

Similarly, our speculations about alien civilizations are biased by our own culture, technology and history.

To learn more about Unchained Capital and bitcoin native financial services with multisignature, sign-up on our website.

To stay up to date on Unchained Capital news and announcements, follow us on our Blog, Facebook, Twitter, and join the conversation on Telegram.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – March 2, 2021 – Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the closing of a $5.5 million equity seed round led by institutional Bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG.

“The teams at NYDIG and Unchained Capital share a mission built on the foundation of a bitcoin standard.

We believe there are significant opportunities to create synergies across our respective custodial and non-custodial platforms,” said Joseph Kelly, CEO and co-founder of Unchained Capital.

Unchained Capital and NYDIG offer complementary platforms to the large and growing market of long-term bitcoin holders.

About Unchained CapitalUnchained Capital is building a full-suite financial services platf…

Why Bitcoin is a Great Retirement AssetWhile most individuals on the periphery observe bitcoin’s volatility and perceive it to be a highly speculative asset, bitcoin is actually the ultimate breakthrough in savings technology.

As more early adopters have increasingly focused on the superior fundamentals of bitcoin as a long-term savings vehicle, retirement assets have logically also begun to shift to bitcoin.

It is the pinnacle of retirement savings and it’s what we work to both enable and make easy at Unchained Capital.

In the age of bitcoin, many self-directed IRA owners are using these vehicles to hold bitcoin as well, and many bitcoin holders are now setting up self-directed IRAs for th…

It’s admittedly uncomfortable, but unfortunately this is a primary reason why so many people die without an estate plan.

Dying without an estate plan can impose a serious cost to loved ones, both financial and psychological.

An estate plan is a set of written documents that functions like a detailed instructional manual to third parties.

It is important to understand that when you establish a living trust, you still should have a Will.

To coordinate the two documents, you name your living trust as the beneficiary of your Will.

Each understands the importance of private keys and that unavoidable risks are created when relying on permissioned systems.

As individuals, Blockyard’s executives recognized the benefits of holding private keys and extended that first principle thinking to their business.

If they wouldn’t trust their personal bitcoin with a third-party, the same principle would apply to the business.

Financial Services Integrated with Collaborative CustodyIn addition to collaborative custody and advanced permissions for business accounts, BlockYard leverages the full suite of financial services offered by Unchained.

BlockYard works with Unchained’s OTC desk to convert US dollars into bitcoin as their fast …

For clients that need tax-efficient access to liquidity, we offer dollar denominated loans, and we secure bitcoin as collateral through our custody platform while a loan is outstanding.

Expanding this service is a core focus for us over the next twelve months, as is a bitcoin lending pilot that we’re in the process of launching.

We want to help as many clients buy bitcoin direct to multisig cold-storage as possible and we also plan to deliver the most secure bitcoin lending product in the market.

In the future, we’ll continue to integrate additional services as bitcoin matures as a day-to-day transactional currency, from applications to support bitcoin payments to managing merchant services…

2020 is over and etched into the bitcoin blockchain forever.

The HODL Waves is a data visualization that displays colored bands representing the percentage of total bitcoin and the length of time that bitcoin has been sitting in a given address.

By comparing the age of bitcoin sitting in addresses to the current US dollar prices, we can make some interesting conjectures about the bitcoin economy and the sentiment of HODLers (what does HODL mean?).

The 2020 Price Crash and the Cycle’s Deep HODLLet’s take a look at some of the major events of 2020.

Outside of a savage 60% price crash and speedy recovery in March 2020, the HODL waves for the year looks like what you would expect from a fledgli…

Financialization has been so errantly normalized that the lines between saving (not taking risk) and investing (taking risk) have become blurred to the extent that most people think of the two activities as being one in the same.

The unending devaluation of monetary savings forces unwanted and unwarranted risk taking on to those that make up the economy.

Bitcoin and the Great DefinancializationThe primary incentive to save bitcoin is that it represents an immutable right to own a fixed percentage of all the world’s money indefinitely.

Definancialization will principally be observed through growing bitcoin adoption, the appreciation of bitcoin relative to every other asset and the deleveragi…

Unchained Capital clients love the simple trust-minimized external recovery from collaborative custody vaults using Caravan, and now Caravan becomes more functional with the addition of Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT) support.

PSBT support means that Caravan can be used completely air-gapped to generate and sign multisignature addresses with a Coldcard, and it makes future hardware wallet integrations easier, assuming the hardware wallet manufacturer supports the PSBT standard.

The test suite is perfect for hardware wallet manufacturers interested in integrating their devices with Caravan and other web-based multisignature applications.

Below are the steps to create a Coldcard m…

Planetary blockchains such as bitcoin and Muskcoin have short block times of ~10 minutes and correspondingly small hash horizons.

If, like these planetary blockchains, belters choose a convenient time near 10 minutes, then their hash horizons will be similarly small.

Type I & II Blockchains Are DifferentThough they work on the same principles, the vast difference in scale between stellar Type II and planetary Type I blockchains doesn’t just make Solcoin bigger, it makes it different.

Type I & II Civilizations are DifferentType II civilizations are as different from Type I civilizations as Type II blockchains are from Type I blockchains.

Let’s explore some of the ways Type I & II civilizatio…

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Bitcoin Cash therefore lowered the difficulty requirement, which had another inadvertent benefit: it meant the Bitcoin Cash block headers were incompatible with Bitcoin, and therefore even Bitcoin light clients and mobile wallets would always know not to follow the Bitcoin Cash chain.

The impact of this was that the capacity of the Bitcoin Cash network oscillated in a volatile way, which proved to be a major weakness and impacted the reliability of Bitcoin Cash as a payment network.

The message in the Bitcoin Cash blocks was just marketing, and the owner of the organisation, Peter Ng, also had a mining farm he had allocated to Bitcoin Cash to help market his new venue.

However, Kraken, for …

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 18 – New York AgreementOn May 22, 2017, there was a meeting in New York arranged by Barry Silbert, of Digital Currency Group (DCG), aimed at resolving the conflict.

The following document referred to as the New York Agreement (NYA), was published.

Finally, on June 5, 2017, Jeff caved in under the pressure and included BIP 91 in his BTC1 client.

As for the BTC1 client, it appeared to be full of bugs, even after implementing BIP 91.

Jeff was also under considerable pressure to add replay protection to the BTC1 client, however he opposed this.

Ultimately the rules of Bitcoin work because they’re enforced by the users collectively– that is what makes Bitcoin Bitcoin, it’s what makes it something people can count on: the rules aren’t easy to just change.

In his mind, the fact that BIP 148 was a softfork, a subset of the current consensus rules, was a significant advantage and would help force miners to switch to the BIP 148 chain.

The large blockers often derided the small blockers as insignificant and naive.

If one invested in the BIP 148 token, you could only get a payout if both the BIP 148 token chain and the original rules chain (the non-BIP 148 chain) continued to exist.

Therefore, investing in a token dependent on the contin…

Chapter 16 of the book The Blocksize War is published below.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 16 – LitecoinOne strategy discussed in the Dragons’ Den in this period was the activation of SegWit on Litecoin, an alternative coin, often considered as a close relative to Bitcoin.

Support for SegWit among the Litecoin miners was gradually increasing, however it was still low and it was uncertain if activation would occur.

He explained to me that he didn’t want SegWit in Litecoin, without Litecoin also having a hardfork blocksize increase.

However, this didn’t seem logical because, unlike Bitcoin, Litecoin did not have full blocks at all.

The following day, large blockers discovered a video presentation by Bram Cohen, the inventor of Bittorrent, which was given in January 2017.

The large blockers are also likely to have had secret communication and coordination channels focusing on public relations.

To me, there was one clear takeaway from this “scandal”; I simply had to get inside the Dragons’ Den.

I made it into the depths of the Dragons’ Den.

This war was also a meme war, and the “Dragons”, as members of the channel were sometimes called, were very involved in meme production.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 14 – ASICBoostOn Wednesday April 5, 2017, another bombshell was set off, this time by the small blockers.

The Bitcoin block header is 80 bytes in size and therefore it is split between two chunks — chunk 1 and chunk 2.

Maybe Bitmain’s point was that they were not doing covert ASICBoost, but even if they were, so what?

Extension blocks were a way to get a softfork blocksize limit increase and retain the ability to conduct covert ASICBoost.

Even today, I am genuinely unsure of whether Bitmain was using covert ASICBoost on the mainnet or not.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 13 – ExchangesIn the year or so that the war had been raging, the industrial landscape of the cryptocurrency ecosystem had changed considerably.

They issued a joint announcement, indicating that they would not regard Bitcoin Unlimited as Bitcoin, even if it had a majority of the hashing power.

Since it appears likely we may see a hardfork initiated by the Bitcoin Unlimited project, we have decided to designate the Bitcoin Unlimited fork as BTU (or XBU).

As for the price of the Bitcoin Unlimited token, it never reached more than 20 percent of the price of the Bitcoin.

Finally, at the end of the year, the Bitcoin Unlimited token expired worthless, as no…

Sometimes governments fuck with money more discreetly (like in ancient Rome, as they gradually reduced the metal content of the denarius).

But governments, whether democratic or authoritarian, always, by design or neglect or arrogance, fuck with money.

You might regard money minted in a democracy as being ‘the people’s money’, and wonder if Bitcoin is less democratic than fiat.

What it means to ‘print’ money is beyond the scope of this article, but basically refers to central banks creating money out of thin air by extending credit to other banks in the financial system.

Yet Bitcoin – unfuckwithable money – appears to be an idea whose time has come, one deserving of serious support from all…

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 12 – Bitcoin UnlimitedWith Bitcoin Classic failing to gain traction, in the late summer of 2016 the large blockers converged on a new hardfork blocksize increase client, called Bitcoin Unlimited.

Keen to learn more about Bitcoin Unlimited, in early December 2016 I attended a Bitcoin Unlimited promotional event in Shenzhen (China).

Speaking at the event and on the promotional tour was Roger Ver, a keen promoter of Bitcoin Unlimited; Jake Smith; several employees of Bitcoin.com; members of the Bitcoin Unlimited organisation; some of the Bitcoin Unlimited developers; and Haipo Yang, the CEO of mining pool ViaBTC.

At the start of 2017, around 15 to 20 per…

The Blocksize War – Chapter 11 – Scaling III – MilanThe excitement in Ethereum had calmed things down a bit for Bitcoin.

The conference series had morphed, from one set up to resolve the blocksize crisis, to a technical Bitcoin conference.

Many of the large blockers wore a custom t-shirt they had recently produced, with the writing “Hard Fork Cafe” written on the front.

Prior to this, he had worked at Bitmain and therefore had good links with the Chinese miners.

By now, however, the so-called Chinese miners were becoming part of this war.

The Blocksize War – Chapter 10 – The DAOIn the summer of 2016, a project called “The DAO” (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) began to grab the attention of many inside the cryptocurrency community.

With Bitcoin Classic still looming as a possible contentious hardfork, Ethereum was planning on a contentious hardfork of its own.

Well, there was Bitcoin Classic, so why not call it Ethereum Classic?

The Ethereum split was a pivotal moment in the blocksize war, even more so than the embarrassing Craig Wright saga.

Prior to the Ethereum split, miners were keen to just try something; now the view seemed to have changed.

For an Out of Order Block Validation, we could simply provide the UTXO set needed to validate a block.

We then compare the hardcoded UTXO set at block 100,000 with the calculated UTXO set at block 100,000.

The need for Utreexo AccumulatorsThere are two reasons why Utreexo Accumulators are needed for this type of block validation.

Here’s an example of an actual hardcoded Utreexo Roots in json:We can then modify the Block validation function to use Utreexo Accumulators instead.

With more optimizations with Utreexo Accumulators left to be explored, I’m extremely excited for future research and the potential that Utreexo Accumulators can have on the Bitcoin ecosystem.

A separate post will shortly be published, that explains how we’re able to do Out of Order Block Validation with Utreexo Accumulators.

Future workSmaller Utreexo ProofsThe biggest downside of using Utreexo Accumulators is that the Utreexo Proofs are not small.

This both increases the size that an archival Utreexo node has to store and increases the bandwidth usage of Utreexo nodes.

C++ ImplementationThe ultimate goal of the Utreexo project is to have the functionality of the Utreexo Accumulators included in Bitcoin Core.

He’s also working on a fork of Bitcoin Core with libutreexo, exploring how the Utreexo Accumulators can fit into the codebase of Bitcoin Core.

The Blocksize War – Chapter 9 – FaketoshiMonday May 2, 2016 was one of those wild days in Bitcoin land.

After spending time with him I am convinced beyond a reasonable doubt: Craig Wright is Satoshi.

Some people, on the other hand, were more cautious, warning that the large blockers should not be underestimated.

This was to the delight of some in the large block community, while other large blockers saw the damage to their cause that he was doing.

We could go into more detail about Craig Wright here: his history of court cases, false claims and backdating messages in verifiable ways.

For our latest episode, I sat down with MEV Senpai, one of the top searchers in Ethereum.

He gave us the unique inside perspective of someone who finds and captures MEV himself.

The result was a long & intense convo, one of the best I’ve had in a while.

We discussed:The structure and actors of the MEV gameWhat is searching, how can you learn it, what edges existIntro to private relays and transaction bundlesThe role of Flashbots in DEX tradingand, of course, the hot topic of the day: short-term reorgs in EthereumEnjoy!

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After a tumultuous month in crypto, Su and I discuss the state of the market and what we see on the horizon.

Listen to conversations between Su Zhu, the CEO and CIO of Three Arrows Capital, and Hasu, an experienced crypto researcher and writer.

Together with occasional guests, we explore the transformative nature of trust-minimized currency and financial services.

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I went on the Unhashed Podcast to discuss the findings from our recent paper on Bitcoin’s security model.

If you are looking for a less formal entry point to the topic of Bitcoin’s security, or have already read the paper and want to hear more, this show is for you.

First, you no longer publish a fee-paying transaction to the public mempool.

Instead, you sign a transaction and submit it off-chain to the CowSwap relayer, which handles all the execution.

Second, and this gets us to real innovation, CowSwap looks for so-called “coincidents of wants” or CoWs before sending your order to the regular on-chain exchanges.

Because there’s no point in reordering trades that have the same price, this also eliminates MEV as well.

Please enjoy my conversation on CowSwap with Felix Leupold.

Su is sitting out today, and I instead welcome Charlie Noyes and Georgios Konstantopoulos of Paradigm, one of the largest investment funds in crypto.

So like, that’s a pretty that’s that’s a that’s a very interesting situation.

Charlie Noyes 36:54I think that’s true.

I think that’s probably more of a general comment about non application specific security layers.

And I don’t want you to, I don’t want you to comment on the price, because I know that’s not really possible.

Hasu: I don’t actually don’t think that’s it, but you’re very good at the self-deprecating humor, I must say.

But I just don’t think that’s an investment argument.

If I’m going to do the funny money, if I’m going to do the weird internet money, I need more than a three X.” And then they start looking down CoinMarketCap, or CoinGecko or whatever.

Cobie: Honestly, I don’t think it was a very high quality rambling as you’ve just witnessed in this follow-up ramble.

If I’m going to make some closing remarks, since I’ve got the opportunity to record my own closing of the podcast.

In this episode, Su and I discuss the rise of WallStreetBets and financial populism in general.

As one of the most experienced market participants I know, Su has a unique perspective on the story behind the GameStop short squeeze.

We explore why he thinks it is going to end in tears for small investors, which invisible rules of the traditional financial system have been laid bare for everyone to see, and how all of this massively validates crypto and Defi going forward.

Listen to the Episode now

But I think that the right way to think about multi party computation is basically just an implementation of multi signature.

And they are trying to get into the DeFi right now.

Arthur 36:32I think right now, I think for Nexus Mutual is a, it’s a bit of a debate.

So I think that’s kind of the expansion of the scope.

Hasu 58:04Yeah, I think that’s, I think that’s spot on.

After our episode on the top 20 crypto coins (#15) by market cap, we got a lot of requests to do one for Defi as well.

For that discussion, we brought in one of the foremost experts on Defi.

Arthur0x went from being one of the earliest users and investors at Synthetix, Aave, and Kyber, to running the largest Defi-focused fund in all of Asia.

The conversation ran pretty long, so we are releasing it in two parts.

Listen to Part 1Listen to Part 2We don’t have a transcript yet, but if you feel like writing one, feel free to PM me on Twitter or email it to hasu@uncommoncore.co.

In this paper, we introduce our model of Bitcoin’s security, which depends on a surprisingly small number of factors.

We find that Bitcoin can tolerate a high incentive to attack today, but the declining block subsidy poses a substantial risk for the future.

That was a really really crazy time for me with all the farming going on.

One of the problems with defi tokens until that point was that they were pretty illiquid.

DS: Perhaps not many of the current community share this aspiration of mine, but I really really want to see synthetic stablecoins outside of the USD being used outside of trading purposes and as an alternative to “official” digital fiat currencies.

don’t really like buy-and-burn models because you need to assume going concern and a secondary market bid.

I almost didn’t even want to farm the YFI tokens because I was thinking, “What would they govern, and why would they govern?

Even inside the crypto market or equities market, there exist many different products, many different time zones etc.

I think BTC is the clear denomination for the biggest players in crypto, that’s your CZs and miners and exchanges.

So I think BTC has the network effect as the base money and that is very hard to overcome.

Therefore I think ETH is currently in a more precarious situation than people realise:The ETH 2.0 roadmap is very complex.

The roll-up roadmap is promising but I don’t think it will deliver the things people are hyping it to be.

Today, I’m sitting down with Su Zhu, my co-host and friend, to talk about the state of the crypto market and what he’s seeing on the horizon.

But in practice, what has happened is that the largest players in crypto itself just use it as a money market.

If you don’t need to make money on trades … so, people who LP in Uniswap don’t need to make money, right?

So, to say that because he’s short selling – it kind of just tells you the mood of the market, right?

But in Ethereum Defi, there’s this big meme around like, oh you never sell, oh you never do this or do that.

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Why this bull run is fundamentally different from 2017Bitcoin is nearing its prior all-time high (ATH), set in December 2017. It’s entirely plausible that we could regain the heady $20,000 level within the next few weeks or months.This time, it’s happening without much fanfare, and without the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) phenomenon which intensified the price action (investors bought BTC in order to participate in ICOs, driving the price up).If you gauge metrics of retail investor interest in the asset, whether it’s tweets or google searches, Bitcoin is still languishing well below it’s highs. This is causing a fair amount of puzzlement.Many are wondering what the cause of Bitcoin’s renewed…

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