The data, consisting exclusively of passport numbers, has little value on its own, the anonymous sellers admitted to Kommersant.

The online voting system, based on Bitfury’s open-source Exonum blockchain and built with the help of Kaspersky Lab, was previously reported to have poor data protection.

Each passport has a unique number, and those numbers have reportedly been retrieved from the online voting system and put on sale.

Russia is planning to expand the practice of online voting, despite the issues mentioned above.

The previous blockchain voting experiment by Moscow, which took place in the fall 2019, used the Ethereum blockchain and also turned out to have weak security.

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies.

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.

Genesis Capital is the lending arm of Genesis Trading, itself a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group (DCG), which is also the parent company of CoinDesk.

Re-mixThe lender is still seeing a flight away from U.S. dollar loans to bitcoin loans.

Most of Genesis’ lending is directly affected by the spread between bitcoin’s spot and futures prices, Moro said.

The majority of the trading volume was on over-the-counter trading desks with the rest being on exchanges.

Around 67% of the trading volume was executed bilaterally while the remaining 33% was executed on exchanges.

In this audio interview, CoinDesk’s Leigh Cuen and researcher Nadia Eghbal, author of the upcoming book “Working in Public,” talk about open-source software projects.

From platforms like Github to software languages like Rust, Cuen and Eghbal explore what the open source movement looks like in 2020.

For Eghbal, looking at different types of “activity” might offer a better spectrum.

Nym co-founders like Harry Halpin have more experience in (ideological) open source software development.

As such, Halpin said Nym works closely with teams contributing to other open-source projects, like Rust, Cosmos and Zcash.

The Federal Reserve appears ready to pursue yet another untested strategy that could ultimately boost inflation – and possibly prices for bitcoin.

The Fed is “preparing to effectively abandon its strategy of pre-emptively lifting interest rates to head off higher inflation,” according to a new report in the Wall Street Journal.

The Fed’s extra loosening of monetary policy could help support prices for bitcoin, which many cryptocurrency investors speculate could serve as an effective hedge against inflation, similar to gold.

Bitcoin prices have already soared 58% this year, beating silver’s 36% and gold’s 30%, not to mention the 2% gain in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index of large stocks.

And…

Cryptocurrency and security token exchange INX has shifted its sights for a planned initial public offering (IPO) in the U.S.

Per the filing, INX will offer 130 million INX tokens at $0.90 each, putting the maximum raise at $117 million, which could make it the largest IPO in the digital asset industry to date.

Investors will be able to purchase INX tokens with cryptocurrencies as well as the U.S. dollar.

INX will accept commits made in the stablecoin USDC, bitcoin and ether – but only if the sale exceeds the minimum $7.5 million raise amount.

Indeed, the IPO funds will actually go towards launching the digital trading platform that INX says will mean it can finally earn revenue.

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies.

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies.

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.

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At least 22 blockchain projects, including Solana and Matic Network, have submitted their Ethereum scaling proposals to Reddit for its token project.

The post At least 22 blockchain projects have submitted their Ethereum scaling proposals to Reddit for its token project appeared first on The Block.

Trading volumes of ether (ETH) — both spot and futures — are rising faster than bitcoin (BTC) volumes, according to The Block Research.

The post ETH trading volumes are rising faster than bitcoin volumes appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take KeeperDAO raises seven-figure seed round

Asuka founder exit scams

Aggregated open interest for bitcoin futures hit an all-time high on August 1.

The post Aggregated open interest for bitcoin futures hit an all-time high on Saturday appeared first on The Block.

The U.S. Department of Justice has seized crypto funds totaling about $6.5 million from the administrator of an alleged ponzi scheme known as the "Banana Fund."

The post U.S. seizes $6.5 million in bitcoin and tether from ‘Banana Fund’ Ponzi scheme appeared first on The Block.

Ripple's Q2 report showed $32.5 million in OTC sales of XRP during the second quarter. The firm also said that it has been buying XRP on the secondary market via a subsidiary.

The post Ripple reports $32.5 million in over-the-counter XRP sales in Q2 appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take Crypto exchange Binance is eyeing the launch of a futures trading service or platform in the U.S., The Block has learned.

A source with knowledge of the matter told The Block that Binance would possibly acquire or partner with a licensed company, through which it would launch the futures offering.

Bitcoin miner maker Canaan Creative announced the appointment of four new independent directors today while the terms of office of five of its directors come to an end. The post Canaan Creative adds four new directors to its board appeared first on The Block.

"As we come out of the crisis, Bitcoin ain’t going away.

Looking at the Twitter hackAs Decrypt reported, the Congressman also defended Bitcoin in the wake of the recent Twitter hack, stating that “Bitcoin isn't the problem.

They hacked Twitter, and you’re gonna have bad guys all over the place,” said Emmer.

He also explained that this is why he doesn’t like centralized control.

Yeah, I’m not gonna say ‘no.’ I don’t think it has a big role.

Mihai Alisie is one of eight Ethereum co-founders—the only one who'd worked with Vitalik Buterin before he devised his "World Computer".

Specifically, he dreamed of building a social network atop the Ethereum blockchain.

Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin, with Taylor Gerring, who led work on the crowdsale website, and cofounder Mihai Alisie.

But after years of research, he came to the conclusion that a social network built on Ethereum was impractical.

“It’s a super app of sorts that is designed to integrate all these different Ethereum dapps and services into a unified social experience,” said Alisie.

Traders in Japan have shied away from the volatility of cryptocurrencies in recent months amidst broader economic uncertainties, according to a report by Japanese crypto exchange Bitbank yesterday.

Bitbank noted fiat outflows from Japan exchanges saw an overall decrease compared to other years, while “active” trading accounts went down “for the first time.” It cited data from a March 2020 report by Japan Virtual and Crypto assets Exchange Association, a self-regulating body.

“Spot” accounts—that trade without leverage—on Japan’s crypto exchanges saw steady growth since December 2018, seeing their first decline only in March this year.

Image: BitbankBitbank said the coronavirus pandemic, a p…

Reddit sees cryptocurrency as a key part of its future growth and evolution, as the popular discussion community believes token rewards will encourage “quality” posts and comments.

Here’s the thing, though: with some 430 million monthly users across its many, many different boards, Reddit is absolutely immense.

And when the company first debuted its Ethereum-based “Community Points” crypto rewards in May, it picked just two communities to start with, or less than 1% of its active user base.

To potentially reach the vast majority of other users, Reddit—in conjunction with The Ethereum Foundation—turned to its Ethereum community and its 474,000+ subscribers to solicit detailed pitches on how …

While many bank account owners likely write very few paper checks anymore, such accounts still hold the key to wielding the debit cards that are much more common these days.

And although it’s possible to link many debit cards into a smartphone or smartwatch for digital payments, Google sees an opportunity to skip the middleman and just onboard people directly into checking and savings accounts via its Google Pay app service.

First revealed last November, Google is partnering with FDIC-backed banks to allow customers to sign up for and manage accounts directly through the platform.

Six additional US banks have announced plans to be a part of the platform: Bank Mobile, BBVA USA, BMO Harris, C…

McCaleb was owed 9 billion XRP when he left Ripple, the company he co-founded and later left.

After he revised that agreement with Ripple in 2016, McCaleb could sell a percentage of the coin’s daily volume.

Whale Alert found that the average amount of XRP that McCaleb is selling each day is around 1.74 million, or $374,200.

So, is McCaleb going to crash the XRP market?

Based on his track record, “Compared to the total trade volume per day, the amount he is selling seems insignificant,” found Whale Alert.

Ethereum futures are more popular than ever as volume spikes alongside the increasing price of ETH.

That’s an increase of more than 45% compared to the previous high of $9.6 billion set July 27.

Futures contracts are an agreement between two parties to buy or sell a given asset at a predetermined point in the future.

Contract buyers expect the future market price to be greater than the contract price, allowing them to immediately sell the asset at the higher market price.

Growing futures volume indicates more traders want to make bets about what will happen to an asset’s price in the future, in this case ETH.

Crypto firm 2gether hacked for $1.4M admits it struggles to reimburse usersA Spanish cryptocurrency payments app and card issuer has admitted it won’t be able to immediately repay users affected by Friday’s $1.4 million hack and has offered a compromise instead.

Madrid-based 2gether said Sunday it hadn't been able to find the funds to reimburse all users the €1.2 million stolen by hackers – 26.79% of the firm's total funds – on Friday evening.

Charlie Lee, Adam Back lead $3M fundraise for blockchain MMO game ‘Infinite Fleet’Online space strategy game “Infinite Fleet,” developed by Pixelmatic, has raised $3.1 million through a private security token offering (STO).

Mow said STOs would become a route "most projects follow in the future."

The humans vs. aliens space MMO game will use a digital token to drive its in-game economy.

Putin signs bill that will ban using cryptocurrency as payment starting next yearRussian President Vladimir Putin has signed a bill that will prohibit cryptocurrencies as a means of payment in the country.

The development comes after Russian lawmakers proposed a version of the law that would make any business issuing or trading crypto illegal.

The new bill, signed Friday, appears to represent a more mild version of the first proposal.

Although the bill defines cryptocurrency as a kind of property for tax purposes, they cannot be used to pay for goods and services in Russia.

Altcoin PlusToken sees 27 core team members arrested by Chinese police, $5.8B worth of crypto scammedAltcoin PlusToken saw 27 core team members arrested by Chinese police, as part of the biggest crypto scam in history so far, $5.8B worth of crypto has been scammed.

Law enforcement took 12 months to capture the fraudsters because they were spread around the globe.

It remains to be seen what Chinese police will do with the estimated $1B in remaining confiscated, previously laundered, altcoins.

Crypto firm Diginex is listing on Nasdaq via a reverse mergerHong Kong-based crypto and blockchain solutions firm Diginex is set to list on Nasdaq via a reverse merger deal.

Diginex is acquiring 8i Enterprises Acquisition Corp, the Nasdaq-listed special purpose acquisition company, which will allow it to go public once the deal is completed in September.

Ledger suffers database breach, user emails, names, phone numbers & addresses taken, funds are safeTop hardware wallet Ledger revealed that a breach occurred in its customer information database, and email IDs for close to a million customers have been stolen.

User funds are safe, but the risk of an extensive phishing attack is very high.

Ledger’s marketing database had a vulnerability that put the personal information and purchases details of customers at risk.

Sensitive information such as full names, phone numbers, and addresses were taken for a subset of 9,500 customers, according to Ledger.

Notably, this could result in a large scale phishing attack to coerce Ledger users into revealin…

Israel’s stock exchange launches blockchain platform for securities lendingThe Tel Aviv public stock exchange said their Central Blockchain Securities Lending Platform will provide a single national market where Israeli institutions can lend securities directly to one another.

Blockchain facilitates peer-to-peer trading and escrow all with near-guaranteed immutability, it can also cut costs and enhance security, the exchange said.

This replaces a complicated and disjointed lending system and allows the securities lending market to reach its full potential, TASE concluded.

LocalBitcoins adds AML crypto surveillance tools from EllipticLocalBitcoins announced it’s using Elliptic’s Navigator risk analysis tool and Lens wallet screener.

The Helsinki-based platform has been bolstering its anti-money laundering (AML) safeguards in response to the European Union’s AMLD5 and tough new Finnish business regulations, both of which turned up the heat on regional crypto businesses.

#Bitcoin trends on Twitter in US and CanadaOn Twitter, #Bitcoin, which comes with its own emoji thanks to Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey, is trending in the U.S. with 61,000 tweets in the past 24 hours.

Multiple reports have indicated that the asset is going viral on Twitter, trending in the U.S. and Canada.

Bakkt reports record high volumes for its Bitcoin futures marketBakkt just reported the largest single-day volumes for its physically-settled monthly Bitcoin future contracts.

On Monday, the Bitcoin futures market, saw a new all-time daily high of 11,509BTC, an amount worth nearly $114M.

Today's record-setting day was an 84% increase from Bakkt'slast all-time high in December 2019.

Major streaming platform Twitch offers subscribers 10% discount for paying with BitcoinTwitch, a major live-streaming platform with 15 million daily active users is offering subscribers a 10% discount if they pay using Bitcoin.

It now accepts Bitcoin payments via BitPay’s crypto processing system.

BitPay’s chief marketing officer, was quoted as saying “We are seeing more online merchants interested in using crypto... Twitch is the first major merchant to jump on this trend.”

Crypto broker Bitcoin Suisse raises $48.6M in fundraising valuing the company at $327MSwitzerland-based crypto financial services firm Bitcoin Suisse has raised CHF 45 million (~$48.6 million) in Series A, valuing the company at CHF 302.5 million (~$327 million).

The Series A, Bitcoin Suisse's first-ever external financing round, was led by Roger Studer, former head of investment banking at Switzerland-based Bank Vontobel.

Other participants in the round included private investors and strategic business partners.

ФБР, АНБ, Equifax и им подобным противостоит набирающее обороты движение шифропанков, гражданских либертарианцев и хакеров-миллионеров. На кону существование конфиденциальности в XXI веке. Офисная атмосфера Cygnus Support – быстрорастущей компании из Кремниевой долины, зарабатывающей на поддержке пользователей бесплатного программного обеспечения, – напоминает дни, когда хакеры имели полную свободу. Хотя офис компании находится в бизнес-парке в двух […]

Криптовлаютный хедж-фонд Neural Capital закрылся, не уведомляя об этом широкую общественность, пишет CoinDesk со ссылкой на знакомые с ситуацией источники.

Фонд потерял половину капиталов с момента запуска в 2017 году и в настоящее время возвращает остатки средств инвесторам.

После запуска Neural Capital они стали консультантами компании Protocol Ventures, инвестировавшей во множество криптовалютных фондов, включая Neural Capital.

Apex Capital так и не запустился, поскольку не смог достичь минимальной цели в $100 млн при продаже собственных токенов.

Таким образом, Neural Capital присоединяется к череде криптовалютных фондов, открывшихся на пике криптовалютного бума в 2017 году и недавно пре…

Сейчас это, скорее всего, не окажет сильного влияния на держателей криптовалюты, но в будущем может иметь серьезные последствия.

С 3 августа в России вступают новые правила касательно внесения наличных на электронные кошельки, такие как «Яндекс.Деньги», QIWI, WebMoney и PayPal.

«Каналы зачисления средств на счета в таких системах остаются традиционными, это в том числе взносы наличных через банкоматы или терминалы электронных платежных систем.

В частности, в мониторинге ФАТФ по России 2019 г. были отмечены уязвимости использования электронных денег в связи с рисками анонимности.

Но в будущем законодательство может быть расширено в целях борьбы с отмыванием денег и финансированием терроризма.

С 2021 г. компания предоставит клиентам возможность хранить цифровые активы и торговать ими через дочернюю структуру, это первый подобный случай в стране.

С 2021 г. швейцарский банк Basler Kantonalbank начнет предоставлять услуги по торговле криптовалютой и ее хранению через дочернюю структуру Bank Cler.

Это первый случай, когда поддерживаемая правительством Швейцарии компания выходит на рынок цифровых активов, передает Finews со ссылкой на местное издание.

Пресс-секретарь Bank Cler Натали Вальтманн рассказала, что материнская компания в будущем также планирует дать клиентам возможность работать с криптовалютой.

Но сначала биткойн и другие цифровые деньги должны быть опробованы в Bank Cler,…

Как заявляет исполнительный директор BlackBerry Джош Лемос, в большинстве случаев сами сотрудники компаний устанавливают вредоносное ПО на компьютеры и используют вычислительные мощности корпоративных машин для майнинга криптовалюты.

Киберпреступники готовы взламывать, как корпоративные системы, так и системы розничных пользователей для того, чтобы установить вирус скрытого майнинга.

Так ранее стало известно, что мошенники научились встраивать вирусы майнинга в серверы государственных служб, которые обладают высокой степенью защиты.

Сотрудник «Ростовводоканала» загрузил вирус скрытого майнинга на сайт организации.

Также недавно сообщалось, что сразу несколько суперкомпьютеров по всей Европе…

Monolithos выделяет для продажи на Uniswap 500 тысяч MDT и обеспечивает их суммой в эфирах.

Владея MDT, можно покупать криптоактивы на платформе Monolithos на 5-10% ниже рыночной стоимости.

Торги на Uniswap устроены таким образом, что при каждой покупке актива стоимость оставшихся монет повышается.

Поэтому если купить MDT по минимальной цене на пресейле или начальном этапе продаж на Uniswap, можно получить удвоение и более от изначально вложенной суммы.

Ссылки на обмен MDT/ETH и ETH/MDT на Uniswap.

На этой неделе на рынке криптовалют произойдет столкновение покупателей и продавцов, заявил глава аналитического сервиса CryptoQuant Ки Янг Джу в своем Twitter-аккаунте.

Он сообщил, что крупные держатели биткойнов начали переводить свои запасы BTC на биржи.

Другие киты отправляют на биржи стейблкойны.

На этой неделе состоится битва между поступлением стейблкойнов и биткойнов на биржи.

На фоне недавно роста цены биткойна к $11 000 количество кошельков с балансом в BTC на $1 млн и более увеличилось на 38%, до 18 тыс.

В новом документальном фильме студии «Говорит и Показывает» сделана попытка системного анализа отношения к биткойну и цифровой экономике в разных странах.

Подняты вопросы влияния на реальную экономику нового цифрового формата.

Плюсы и минусы этого для государственной системы.

В фильме — оригинальное раскрытие оценки вариантов регулирования криптовалют со стороны государственных властей через анализ и сопоставление отношения к криптовалюте и криптоэкономике в разных странах.

Попытка заглянуть в будущее.

Президент подписал закон, который дает определение биткойну и другим цифровым активам, но запрещает их использование в качестве платежного средства на территории страны.

Президент России Владимир Путин подписал закон «О цифровых финансовых активах», который дает определение биткойну и другим криптовалютам и запрещает их использование в стране в качестве платежного средства.

Соответствующий документ был опубликован на официальном интернет-портале правовой информации, правила вступят в силу с 1 января 2021 года.

Согласно документу, в стране криптовалюту можно будет легально покупать, продавать и совершать с ней другие сделки.

Также в законе есть отсылка к отдельным документам, которые будут р…

Гeнepaльный диpeктop Бaнкa Япoнии Taкeши Kимуpa cooбщил нoвocтнoму издaнию The Asahi Shimbun, чтo выпуcк и paзвитиe цифpoвoй иeны являeтcя «глaвнoй зaдaчeй» для цeнтpaльнoгo бaнкa.

B этoм гoду cтpaнa aктивизиpoвaлa иccлeдoвaния в oблacти цифpoвoй вaлюты цeнтpaльнoгo бaнкa (CBDC), тaк кaк coceдниe Kитaй и Южнaя Kopeя cущecтвeннo пpoдвинулиcь впepёд в этoй cфepe.

Пepвaя cтpaнa ужe тecтиpуeт цифpoвoй юaнь в нecкoлькиx пpилoжeнияx, пpaвитeльcтвeнныx цeнтpax и poзничныx мaгaзинax, втopaя пpoвoдит иccлeдoвaния и плaниpуeт зaпуcтить пилoтный пpoeкт в нaчaлe cлeдующeгo гoдa.

Пoзиция бaнкa зaключaeтcя в тoм, чтo «идeaльнaя» CBDC дoлжнa oбecпeчивaть финaнcoвую дocтупнocть гpaждaнaм нeзaвиcимo oт иx м…

Купив даже 0,1 BTC сегодня, у вас есть все основания верить, что в ближайшее десятилетие эти биткойны будут стоить гораздо дороже $911.

Если вы располагаете средствами для покупки хотя бы 0,1 ВТС и можете позволить себе долгосрочно хранить его в своём инвестиционном портфеле, на вашем месте я бы даже и не раздумывал.

Биткойн поможет вам отстаивать свое право на конфиденциальность в ИнтернетеПраво на конфиденциальность в Интернете стало серьёзной проблемой в последние месяцы.

В среде интернета широко распространено мнение, что если вы не платите за продукт или услугу, то вы не клиент, а товар!

Тот факт, что вы не делаете ничего противозаконного, не означает, что у вас нет права на неприкосно…

Кoмaндa oднoгo из кpупнeйшиx мaйнингoвыx Ethereum-пулoв EtherChain oпубликoвaлa инфopмaцию o тoм, чтo в ceти Ethereum Classic (ETC) пpoизoшлa peopгaнизaция, укaзывaющaя нa вoзмoжную aтaку 51%.

Kpиптoбиpжaм peкoмeндoвaли пpиocтaнoвить дeпoзиты и вывoды в Ethereum Classic дo выяcнeния oбcтoятeльcтв.

Ceгoдня в ceти ETC пpoизoшлa peopгaнизaция последних 3693 добытых блоков, начиная с блока 10904146.

Этo пpивeлo к ocтaнoвкe cинxpoнизaции вcex нoд.

Пo cлoвaм экcпepтa, тpaнзaкции, кoтopыe нe были дoбыты, будут пoвтopнo пepeдaны в мeмпул вo вpeмя пoвтopнoй peopгaнизaции.

Аналитики японской биржи Bitbank сообщили о первом за последние два года сокращении числа активных счетов на биткоин-биржах страны. Агрегированные данные за два года от местной саморегулируемой организации JVCEA приводятся в блоге компании. [caption id="attachment_106505" align="aligncenter" width="839"] Динамика активных счетов для спотовой торговли криптовалютами. Источник: Japan Virtual Currencies Exchange Association[/caption] На представленном выше графике можно заметить постоянный рост показателя с декабря 2018 года, который прервался в марте 2020 года. Счету присваивается категория «активного» в случае ненулевого остатка и как минимум одной операции в месяц. В Bitbank такой поворот с…

С 3 августа Минфин России начал процедуру разрыва соглашения с Кипром об избежании двойного налогообложения. Отменить льготные налоговые ставки «для тех, кто выводит свои доходы в виде дивидендов на зарубежные счета» в марте предложил президент РФ Владимир Путин. В апреле Россия направила властям Кипра предложение поднять налоговую ставку на дивиденды и проценты по вкладам до […]

Криптовалютная биржа Bitfinex объявила о награде за содействие возврату средств, похищенных с платформы в 2016 году в результате взлома.

Bitfinex offers up to ~$400M reward for return of 2016 stolen BTC https://t.co/04GrHoKZdQ— Bitfinex (@bitfinex) August 4, 2020

Что такое Tezos?

Tezos – это многофункциональная децентрализованная блокчейн-платформа с поддержкой смарт-контрактов и возможностью создания токенов и децентрализованных приложений. Кто и когда изобрел Tezos? Создатель Tezos – Артур Брейтман, сын известного французского драматурга, писателя и актера Жана-Клода Дере. Артур Брейтман изучал прикладную математику, компьютерные науки и физику в парижской Политехнической школе, после чего переехал в США, где изучал финансовую математику в Университете Нью-Йорка. Он работал в инвестиционных банках Goldman Sachs и Morgan Stanley, в компаниях Google X и Waymo. На протяжении нескольких лет Брейтман был одним из организаторов семинаров и встреч анархо…

4 августа в 12:30 UTC разработчики Ethereum Foundation начали трансляцию запуска финальной тестовой сети Ethereum 2.0 под названием Medalla. Событие можно наблюдать в прямом эфире: Обсуждение также ведется в Discord. Для запуска выполнено условие по внесению 524 288 тестовых ETH для стейкинга. Новую сеть будут поддерживать пять клиентов: Lighthouse, Nimbus, Prysm, Teku и Lodestar. Последний был добавлен в последний момент. В дальнейшем предполагается поддержка Cortex и Trinity. Запуск Medalla состоится на блоке #1596546008. Полную спецификацию можно найти на Github тестнета. Напомним, ранее Ethereum Foundation и Consensys запустили тестовую версию Launchpad. Она представляет собой панель за…

Производитель умных часов с системой навигации Garmin заплатил выкуп за возобновление работы своих сервисов. Об этом сообщает Sky News. По информации источников издания, компания передала выкуп через стороннюю фирму Arete IR, которая занимается решением подобных ситуаций. После получения перевода хакеры предоставили Garmin ключ расшифровки для восстановления файлов. Неизвестно получили ли хакеры всю требуемую сумму в размере $10 млн в криптовалюте. Представители Garmin и Arete IR не стали отрицать или подтверждать, что заплатили выкуп. Напомним, 23 июля Garmin была атакована вирусом-шифровальщиком WastedLocker, который затронул инфраструктуру, отвечающую за взаимодействие и коммуникации с к…

Орган надзора за аудиторами Германии (APAS) повысил статус расследования в отношении консалтинговой фирмы Ernst & Young (EY). С 2015 года компания подписывала все отчеты объявившего о банкротстве эмитента платежных карт Wirecard AG. Согласно Handelsblatt, расследование в отношении EY, инициированное в октябре 2019 года после статьи в FT о мошенничестве, перешло в разряд полноценного с учетом […]

Темпы роста торговых объемов Ethereum на спотовых и фьючерсных рынках увеличиваются быстрее аналогичного показателя биткоина, сообщает The Block.

С сентября 2019 года соотношение торговых объемов в между ETH и BTC на спотовых биржах выросло с 16% до порядка 50%.

По данным CoinGecko, cуточные торговые объемы Ethereum на текущий момент превышают $15,1 млрд, уступая аналогичному показателю биткоина на 25%.

Аналитик The Block Ларри Чермак указал на снижение популярности Ethereum в поисковых запросах Google.

У биткоина этот показатель опустился в шесть раз.

Сооснователь и бывший техдиректор Ripple Джед Маккалеб существенно нарастил объемы продаж принадлежащих ему токенов XRP, согласно данным аналитического портала Whale Alert. С 2014 года на счетах экс-сотрудника Ripple находилось более 9 млрд XRP. Компания заключила с ним соглашение, запрещающее ему продавать всю сумму сразу. Ripple, в свою очередь, обязалась выплачивать Маккалебу регулярные транши. Ранее Whale […]

Ethereum Foundation сформирует команду по обеспечению безопасности ETH 2.0Ведущий разработчик Ethereum 2.0 Джастин Дрейк объявил о поиске специалистов для поддержки второй версии протокола.

The Ethereum Foundation is building an internal security team dedicated to Eth2.

— Lukáš Lukáč (@Web3Coach) August 1, 2020Ранее разработчики запустили две тестовые сети ETH 2.0, предназначенные для выявления уязвимостей.

Tune-in to the Eth 2.0 Medalla Testnet Launch live stream happening in just 13 hours brought to you by /r/ethstaker!

Напомним, ранее Ethereum Foundation и Consensys запустили тестовую версию Launchpad.

Федеральная налоговая служба РФ (ФНС) добилась уголовного обвинения в отношении кассира нелегальной букмекерской онлайн-площадки 1XBet по статье 171.2 УК РФ «Незаконная организация и проведение азартных игр», сообщает "Коммерсант". По версии следствия, 39-летняя жительница Брянска производила трансграничные переводы средств клиентов 1XBet через российские банки за пределы страны. Дело кассира было выделено из основного расследования в отношении семи жителей Брянска, подозреваемых в организации работы онлайн-казино. Трое из них предположительно являются создателями нелегального бизнеса. Сейчас они скрываются за пределами РФ, их имущество на сумму около 1,5 млрд рублей арестовано. По неофициа…

Трое жителей Китая потеряли деньги после неудачных инвестиций в сомнительные криптовалютные проекты. Для восполнения убытков они организовали собственную мошенническую схему, сообщает Cointelegraph со ссылкой на заявление Службы по надзору за безопасностью публичных информационных сетей. По данным ведомства, инвестор по имени Янг потерял порядка 100 000 юаней (более $14 000), внесенных в проект на основе модели […]

С кошельков, на которых хранятся биткоины, похищенные четыре года назад с Bitfinex, вновь вывели крупную партию средств. За последнюю неделю суммарный объем выведенных монет превысил 4571 BTC (~$51,5 млн). 3 августа Whale Alert заметил четыре транзакции на общую сумму 620 BTC (~$7 млн по курсу на момент написания). Биткоины переместили на ранее неизвестные адреса. 29 июля злоумышленники переместили 448 BTC (~$5 млн) одной транзакцией. За несколько дней до этого с кошельков провели 12 транзакций на 3503 BTC (~$39,5 млн). Эта серия переводов стала одной из крупнейших с момента взлома биржи. До этого связанные со взломом средства перемещались 24 июля, когда злоумышленники перевели 260,71 BTC и…

Неизвестные продают в даркнете базу из 1,1 млн паспортов россиян, участвовавших в блокчейн-голосовании по поправкам в Конституцию РФ. Об этом сообщает «Коммерсант». Каждая строка с привязанными к паспорту данными стоит $1 оптом и $1,5 в розницу. Продавец сообщил изданию, что продал уже 30 тысяч строк. Подлинность продаваемой базы подтвердил основатель DeviceLock Ашот Оганесян. Ранее важность утечки отрицали председатель ЦИК Элла Памфилова и начальник Управления по совершенствованию территориального управления и развитию смарт-проектов правительства Москвы Артем Костырко. По их словам, архив содержал реестр номеров паспортов без ФИО и даты рождения, и это нельзя называть «персональными данны…

Перевод материала Coldcard 101 подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Coldcard — это аппаратный кошелек, разработанный командой Coinkite. Аппаратный кошелек — это устройство, основной целью которого является защита приватных ключей пользователя.Любой, у кого есть доступ к вашим приватным ключам, может потратить все биткоины, хранящиеся в этом кошельке, поэтому переоценить значимость безопасного хранения приватных ключей невозможно. Coldcard использует ряд механизмов и уникальных функций с целью обеспечения безопасности ваших биткоинов на высшем уровне. Coldcard не поставляется с собственным приложением или дополнительным программным обеспечением. Выбор ПО для работы с кошельком является исключительн…

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

Хэл Финни — история жизниПеревод эссе о Хэле Финни, подготовленного компанией криоконсервации Alcor, подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Это — новый взгляд на его личную жизнь, идеалы и вечный оптимизм даже перед лицом необратимой смерти.Хотя Хэл широко известен своими новаторскими профессиональными достижениями в киберпространстве и технических кругах, его повседневная жизнь рисует гораздо более детальную картину о его яркой личности. Он был преданным мужем, отцом и неравнодушным человеком с большим жизненным опытом, достигнувшим многого.Южная Калифорния, корниГарольд Томас Финни родился весной 1956 г. в маленьком городке Коалинга, штат Калифорния. Отец Хэла долгое время был сотрудником Union Oi…

Перевод статьи What is Multisig подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Самостоятельное хранение или доверие третьей стороне?Благодаря Биткоину у частных лиц и бизнесов теперь появилась возможность взять на себя важную ответственность: возможность в одностороннем порядке контролировать свои собственные средства. Истинное владение биткоинами подразумевает управление своими приватными ключами. Именно приватные ключи являются инструментами, необходимыми для авторизации перевода средств. Ничего, кроме хранения приватных ключей, нельзя считать контролем над собственными средствами. В противном случае деньги контролируются третьей стороной, что, как правило, делает сам факт обладания биткоинами бессмысленн…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Улицы немного оживились, бизнесы и производства постепенно готовятся к возобновлению былых темпов. На горизонте появилась надежда. Может, правительства и центральные банки и правда знают, что делают? А все эти горе-экономисты, самоучки со своими устрашающими прогнозами просто злятся, что им не нашлось места в кабинете министров? Может и так, но прежде, чем строить “Наполеоновские планы”, удели 10 минут прочтению этой статьи. Обещаю, что если ты не найдешь ее полезной, я больше не бу…

Модификация фото Пауло КарролоСегодня предлагаю заглянуть в будущее и обратить внимание на то, насколько редким является биткоин. С каждой эпохой производство биткоинов будет замедляться все сильнее, а борьба за монеты лишь ужесточится. Статья, подготовленная @mtc, предлагает взглянуть на динамику появления биткоинов самым что ни на есть глобальным образом.— Tony ₿Взгляд на динамику появления биткоиновЛишь несколько дней назад на майнинг одного биткоина уходило около 48 секунд. Эти вычисления основаны на времени, затрачиваемом на производство полного блока, равного приблизительно 10-и минутам при вознаграждении за блок в 12,5 BTC. 11 мая 2020 года вознаграждение за блок уменьшилось вдвое до…

Я подготовил квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг”. Квиз, как вы уже поняли, посвящен истории эволюции денег и роли Биткоина в современной экономической похлебке.Пройди этот квиз чтобы оценить собственные знания монетарной истории и Биткоина. Поделись им с друзьями, и, надеюсь, что он поможет вам узнать что-то новое и интересное о деньгах, Биктоине и том, как все это работает. Подробные ответы на все вопросы квиза можно найти на сайте BITCOIN TRANSLATED , и нашем телеграм каналеУчись вместе с нами, чтобы стать на шаг ближе к собственному финансовому суверенитету.Квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг” was originally published in BITCOIN TRAN…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Четвертого мая новостное агентство CNBC опубликовало статью, заголовок которой попросту не мог не привлечь внимания ни одного здравомыслящего экономиста. При этом, очередные три ТРИЛЛИОНА долларов уже не кажутся чем-то необычным в соответствии со всеми программами количественного смягчения, повышениями экономических стимулов, выкупами долгов крупнейших корпораций и “вертолетными деньгами”. А что касается подобных заголовков, то они становятся ни чем иным, как очередной историей, вря…

Перевод эссе Фила Бонелло “The Sovereign Individual” Investment Thesis от 12 ноября 2019 г. переведен биткоинером Tony ₿Информационные технологии влияют на глобальную динамику распространения власти несколькими ключевыми способами:Мгновенное распространение информации снижает коммерческие и юрисдикционные барьеры как для ее получения, так и для передачи. Это способствует росту конкуренции благодаря стимулированию предпринимательства на глобальном уровне.Создание неправительственных цифровых денег уменьшает влияние инфляции и налогообложения. Финансовые сервисы также получают возможность упрощенного выхода на глобальную арену.Шифрование снижает стоимость обеспечения безопасности. Вместе с те…

Особая благодарность Роберту Бридлаву за этот феноменальный твит-шторм.“Я уверен, что мы, как Биткоин-амбассадоры должны говорить на общем языке и избегать эзотерики, чтобы наше послание могло с легкостью проникнуть в ум каждого. Я немного расскажу о Биткоин-вселенной и криптовалютынх активах, орудуя экзотерическими терминами.”Биткоин ~ интернет, альткоины ~ венчурные инвестицииПри взгляде на вселенную криптовалютынх активов, вырисовывается два основных полушария: 1) Биткоин и 2) все остальное, что обычно называют альтернативными криптоактивами, альткоинами или альтами.Биткоин во многом похож на сам интернет, состоящий из стека протоколов с открытым исходным кодом, называемого набором интер…

You’ll probably get lost from time to time, but if I'm doing my job, you’ll still get the gist of it.

You'll notice this course is completely free, and there's a specific reason why I want it to be free.

Those are just APIs, specifications, and libraries—so long as you understand the core ideas behind how they work, you'll be able to figure out the details on your own.

Each lesson will have self-serve assignments tied to the course, both coding assignments and multiple choice questions to test your comprehension.

The term project will be to create your own fully-fledged cryptocurrency.

By analogy, we are currently experiencing a Cambrian Explosion in the field of cryptographic proofs of computational integrity (CI), a subset of which include zero knowledge proofs.

The purpose of this post is to identify the common denominators of all CI systems implemented in code and discuss a few differentiating factors.

Takeaway: symmetric CI systems can arithmetize over any field, leading to greater efficiency.

¹ The term ZKP is often misused to refer to all CI systems, even ones that are not, formally, ZKPs.

To avoid this confusion we use the loosely defined terms of “crypto proofs” and “computational integrity (CI) proofs”.

In addition to scalability, I think we’ll also see privacy integrated into one of the dominant chains in the 2020s.

These crypto startups will have the challenge that all startups have: making something people want.

In the 2020’s, I think we will see cryptocurrency adoption in emerging markets scale to hundreds of millions of users, with at least one country “tipping” so that the majority of transactions in their economy happen in cryptocurrency.

During the 2020’s I think we’ll see the cryptocurrency market structure evolve to more closely resemble the traditional financial world, with these functions being separated out from a legal and regulatory point of view.

By shifting cryptocurrency …

As such, it will become widely recognized as the flag of technology over the course of the 2020s.

To understand this claim, we need to define what "technology" is, what a "flag" would mean in this context, and why Bitcoin would be chosen as that flag.

Bitcoin: an ideological flag and a Schelling pointRecall that not every flag represents a geographical entity.

Bitcoin also becomes a flag in another sense: a rallying point, a Schelling point for an entrepreneurial community.

Bitcoin encodes the values of TechnologyBut when the global tech community rallies around the flag of Bitcoin, what exactly is it getting behind?

Bitcoin is a system that automates the continual discovery of consensus amongst its participants.

Bitcoin seeks to address the root problem with conventional currency: all the trust that’s required to make it work .

There are, unfortunately, many known threats to the privacy of Bitcoin users and as a result, Bitcoin in its current state is far from perfectly fungible.

ConvergenceAny two Bitcoin clients, if they connect to a single honest peer, should eventually converge on the same chain tip.

As an example, Bitcoin ABC broke this principle by instituting a 10 block maximum chain reorganization rule.

And that principle is this: when building mechanisms that decide high-stakes outcomes, it’s very important for those mechanisms to be credibly neutral.

Note that it is not just neutrality that is required here, it is credible neutrality.

Hence, the principle of credible neutrality, must also be augmented with another idea, the principle of efficacy.

Sometimes, this even means that if a credibly neutral mechanism to solve some problem has not yet been found, an imperfectly neutral mechanism should be adopted in the short term.

Credibly neutral mechanisms for solving many kinds of problems do exist in theory, and need to be developed and improved in practice.

States cannot be trusted with absolute power, and power over money is their best weapon in controlling people and spreading misery.

And when we get going about sound money, and the idea that fiat money = misery, therefore cryptocurrencies = freedom and happiness, it just sounds insane to them.

We are not interested in it.”It took smart people years to understand the power of the Internet, and it will take smart people years to understand the power of crypto currencies.

Or any of thousands of other experiments being conducted by smart people trying to do their own thing.

Like the Internet, crypto currencies and other blockchain experiments can be used for good or evil.

In this beginner’s guide to decentralized finance (“DeFi”) we review the following:Stablecoins.

Decentralized lending.

And these smart contract lego pieces can even create completely new concepts that haven’t been explored in the traditional world.

Another potential issue is that the interest rate volatility on many DeFi platforms could make it impractical for someone to participate.

With that said, these hedging methods themselves are in their infancy, and add smart contract risk of their own.

Meanwhile, from the perspective of crypto outsiders (including many people, banks, and governments), anything concerning crypto is scary—no one controls it!—and decidedly not pragmatic.

First, we offered secure and simple crypto storage, which amounted to centrally storing decentralized currency.

Second, we allowed people to purchase Bitcoin and Ether, which meant buying crypto with fiat currency.

And you definitely created more crypto users overall by providing storage capabilities than by offloading that to the user.

Indeed, some advanced crypto users were quick to point out that self-custody is “simple” to do.

The solution then was an encrypted web-browsing protocol for the public internet called HTTPS.

We've developed a conceptually similar solution today for encrypted transactions on a public blockchain, called Zcash.

In a fully shielded Zcash transaction, the timestamp is public, but no information about sender, receiver, or amount is public.

Like HTTPS, fully shielded Zcash transactions prevent eavesdropping and protect financial privacy.

Just as HTTPS became standard on the public internet to protect credit card transactions, we believe strong encryption will in time become standard on public blockchains to protect cryptocurrency transactions.

It's now time to apply those abstractions to Bitcoin's own P2P network.

At a high level, almost all cryptocurrencies inherit the same P2P network design from Bitcoin.

This bootstrap node is your entrance point into the P2P network, from which point you can then organically find new peers.

You also should understand why Satoshi chose to design the Bitcoin network with a P2P architecture.

Additional ReadingBitcoin Core 0.11: P2P Network, a Bitcoin Wiki walkthrough of Bitcoin Core's P2P networking stack (2018)Anonymity Properties of the Bitcoin P2P Network, showing how passive observers can use statistical techniques to deanonymize Bitcoin transactions by monitoring P2P traffic, by Giulia Fant…

Gnutella is a great entrance point into gossip because it's one of the simplest gossip protocols that was used in production.

A minimum spanning tree is the smallest possible such tree—in other words, a spanning tree that is built with the minimum number of edges (or minimal total edge weights).

A minimum spanning tree gives us maximally efficient routing, especially if the spanning tree is constructed in consideration of the underlying network topology.

Enter the gossip protocolIf we want the scalability of a spanning tree without the brittleness, we want to use gossip.

So with a little bit of gossip theory under our belts, let's look at how Gnutella works beneath the hood.

A P2P network is a distributed model of networking, in which there is no central server.

A brief review of the history of P2P protocols will make clear why Satoshi valued these features in Bitcoin.

P2P protocols were the first distributed systems that reached massive scale in the number of computers (besides the Internet itself, that is).

This means any P2P network must be carefully engineered so that even in the presence of malicious users, the network cannot be subverted.

Despite these tradeoffs, it was clear to Satoshi Nakamoto that the properties of P2P networks were necessary for a decentralized currency.

EncryptionTo understand public-key cryptography, we have to start with what we mean by encryption.

Public keys as identityIn public-key cryptography, a crude but useful analogy is to think of your public key like a username.

This is precisely what makes public-key cryptography feasible as a form of identity.

If those assumptions turn out to be false, it would imply that all of our public-key cryptography were fundamentally broken.

Most of your interactions with public-key cryptography you'll be outsourcing to libraries, so there's no need to get deep in the weeds quite yet.

Okay, so how difficult is it to generate a hashcash PoW with a difficulty level of \(N\) bits?

The first is limiting each hashcash token to a specific email address, so they're not reusable for different recipients.

You can see some Hashcash tokens Adam Back generated on the Hashcash website, such as this one:from hashlib import sha1 sha1(b"0:030626:adam@cypherspace.org:6470e06d773e05a8").hexdigest() # '00000000c70db7389f241b8f441fcf068aead3f0'This hashcash digest has 8 leading zeros in hex, equivalent to 32 leading zeros in binary.

To mitigate this, Hashcash requires the email server to remember any Hashcash tokens received in the last day.

The assignment has two parts: first, you'll be wr…

Balancer is a generalized automated market maker (AMM) protocol built on Ethereum.

It allows anyone to create or add liquidity to customizable pools and earn trading fees.

On one side there are liquidity providers (LPs) that generally seek to balance their holdings, and they get rewarded with trading fees.

One way to look at Balancer is as a generalization of Uniswap, however Balancer pools aren’t restricted to the same 50/50 split between 2 tokens.

Instead of paying fees to portfolio managers to rebalance your portfolio, you collect fees from traders, who continuously rebalance your portfolio by following arbitrage opportunities.

UMA, or Universal Market Access, is an open source financial contracts protocol for building synthetic assets.

It allows any two counterparties to design and create their own financial contracts for derivatives.

An example of these assets in the traditional finance world, are interest rate derivatives.

Today, interest rate derivatives are commonly used and the contracts to create these are standardized.

Allison Lu, co-founder of UMA, chats in-depth about the platform and provides a great introduction to the world of financial derivatives.

It’s a hedge fund with its own distributed research platform designed specifically for AIs.

It’s the first of its kind and takes a radically different approach to making market predictions.

It’s completely crowd-sourced and data scientists around the world compete to create the best predictions and get paid with cryptocurrencies.

Users are completely blind to the data and Numerai is blind to the code, and the predictive models users generate.

The result is a hedge fund which is market neutral, currency neutral, and geography neutral.

It’s using blockchain technology to make way for new markets and future decentralized economies and has many stand out features.

Communities on Polkadot govern their own network, and hold a stake in the future of Polkadot’s network governance as a whole.

Over 100 projects have been or are currently being built for the Polkadot ecosystem, in a wide range of services and systems.

It’s the first project by Web3 Foundation, and Parity are behind the development.

Polkadot is designed to take back our digital sovereignty from powerful third-parties who currently control the web.

Just like all software, smart contracts on the blockchain are subject to serious security vulnerabilities and coding errors. The fact however that smart contracts are often directly in charge of assets and cannot be changed once they are on the blockchain, makes secure development and running essential. Some smart contract platforms have their own languages, for example Solidity in Ethereum. Bugs and vulnerabilities in the source code, and errors in the virtual machines used by the network, are the main reasons behind security issues in smart contracts.Projects using blockchain applications should expect constant changes in the security landscape. New bugs, security risks, and best practice…

Nexus Mutual provides an alternative decentralized insurance solution for Ethereum. The protocol is built on the public chain and operates under a discretionary mutual structure meaning it is owned wholly by its members. It allows anyone to become a member and buy cover, and the model encourages engagement as members receive incentives for participating in Risk Assessment, Claims Assessment and Governance. At present the product offered is cover to protect against hacks in smart contract code. When Nexus Mutual is alerted to a claim, members will also be asked to vote on whether to pay out on that claim or not. Hugh Karp, the CEO and Founder of Nexus Mutual, has combined his insurance indus…

Opyn is a smart contract-based insurance platform built on a generalized (supports both put and call) options protocol called Convexity. It is intended as a platform to protect DeFi users against both technical and financial risks, and a place where ETH holders can earn substantial premiums on their holdings by providing insurance.Opyn uses tokenized ERC20 put options, oTokens, on ETH to allow option buyers to keep their upside while limiting their downside. If you buy Opyn protection, you are buying “the right but not the obligation to sell an asset at a pre-specified price”. Currently, you can buy insurance for DAI, ETH, and USDC deposits on Compound and it is completely noncustodial and …

In late 2017, Gabriel Jimenez was approached by the Venezuelan presidency and asked to create a national digital currency, the Petro. Although very much against the regime, Gabriel saw this as a chance to save his country which was on the brink of economic collapse. A new currency that would move freely over an open network, like Bitcoin. And the government would not be able to control it. So he agreed. Things didn’t go as Gabriel had envisioned. Months later, Gabriel almost paid with his life when he was held at gunpoint by military guards in the President’s palace. He was accused of being a traitor to the government and was forced to hand over the project, which still hasn’t taken off. La…

We've heard it over and over again, Covid-19 has plunged us into a crisis like none other we’ve experienced in our lifetime. Although it is primarily a public health issue, it is also having a major impact on the global economy and financial system. Many businesses have been forced to shut down sparking debates on whether this is supply or demand shock. Wall Street proclaims that any increase in economic activity is a good sign. However, Jim Bianco, President and Macro Strategist at Bianco Research, says a return to 90% of pre-crisis level will still not be enough to recover. Bianco Research is a Chicago-based firm that provides research and analysis for institutional finance. Jim started t…

In this inaugural post-interview chat, Friederike and Sebastien discuss their recent interview with Arweave Co-founder and CEO, Sam Williams.Moving forward, these conversations will be released every week on Substack. Subscribe to never miss an episode at https://epicenter.rocks/substack

The internet was originally created as a platform to communicate freely, but it soon became a place where people could be monitored, controlled, and censored. 98% of content on the internet is deleted every 20 years. More surprisingly, based on a Twitter study, a third of links change their content fundamentally or are removed completely, within three months of their creation. Arweave is a new data storage protocol that enables economically sustainable permanence for the very first time. Built on a blockchain-like structure called the blockweave, one of the applications on Arweave is what they have coined “the permaweb”. This is an array of data, websites, and decentralised applications, to…

Today, half of the internet is built on top of Amazon S3. Although the cloud has allowed Internet applications to scale, centralized infrastructure means less control over one's own data. And when it goes down, so does half of the internet.Sia CEO David Vorick is back on the podcast to talk about a new product recently released by their team: Skynet. Skynet builds on Sia and enables web applications to be developed and deployed over a decentralized data storage infrastructure. David also shares his thoughts on Trusted Setups, why he thinks they're "busted," and how the crypto industry can create better and more secure Zero-Knowledge primitives.Topics covered in this episode:- What is Skynet…

Decentralized exchanges have been around for some time, and various designs have been attempted. Although they provide a number of privacy and censorship resistance benefits, one of their pitfalls has been transaction throughput. However, recent advancements in Zero-Knowledge Proof-based scaling solutions is creating a new breed of scalable DEXes.Loopring is a non-custodial DEX protocol that achieves high-throughput trading. It leverages ZK-Rollups to achieve upwards of 2,000 transactions per second with on-chain settlement. As an order book-based exchange, it sets itself apart from other DEXes like Uniswap and the Gnosis Protocol. However, users should keep in mind that the orderbook is ce…

Julian Assange, the creator of WikiLeaks, is currently in a maximum-security prison in London facing extradition to the US for violating the Espionage Act. This charge came, among other things, from exposing US war crimes in Iraq. This has put journalists around the world under fear of being prosecuted for exposing the truth. Opinions on Julian Assange are divided, unsurprisingly. But we can assume that a conviction would set a dangerous precedent for journalism, free press, and freedom of speech. John Shipton, Julian's father, is seeking support from the crypto community to help fund Julian's legal defense. Harry Halpin, CEO of Nym Technologies and friend of Julian's, teams up with John to…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of a major Twitter compromise that impacted a broad swathe of the largest, most influential accounts, join Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Adam B. Levine for a dive into the crazy series of events, what impact it has on bitcoin, decentralization and more.

There's nothing more political than money because money affects everything else, and yet Bitcoin works.

What’s the value in the US and western Europe compared to the value in less developed parts of the world?

Does being part of the bitcoin community make you politically affiliated, or represent a distinct political viewpoint?

What I like about Bitcoin is it's a way to be a part of neither game.

So it's a failure on two sides at the same time..." - Jonathan MohanCreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Adam B. Levine and Jonathan Mohan.

Click to download audio versionOn today’s episode of Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

According to Richard, Bitcoin’s Lightning is a what’s needed to make mobile mesh networks catch on by bootstrapping on top of the payment routing infrastructure.

“…the Lightning network currently sends payments from A to B to C and then all those intermediate nodes can connect a small fee if the payment is delivered at the end.

All we’re doing is saying ‘Not only [can you send] a payment, but [you can send] a small message.

Lot49 is custom communication protocol that’s optimized for mesh.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

That luxury is pretty concentrated in just a few places in the world and at some point you can't afford that luxury of apathy.

- Andreas M. Antonopoulos, LTB!

#437CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Music provided by Jared Rubens, FromEther and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Inspired by a recent article in the Atlantic, in today's wide-ranging discussion the hosts of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

If Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

Government surveillance vs. private surveillance provided to the governmentWhat we learned from Edward SnowdenDoes China commercialize surveillance?

Censorship as controlling access to the publishing of information vs. controlling what is amplified vs. how much reach it has.

CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Click to download audio versionAlthough some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Although some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Click to download audio versionOn today's show we've got a pair of interviews for you.

First we speak with John Cantrell, the author of Juggernaut, a new messaging layer 3 application being built on top of layer 2 lightning network, which is itself built on top of layer one bitcoin.

It's a lot of layers, but as a technological concept currently in beta it's a fascinating project, and we talk about it.

(Juggernaut on Github)After the break we're joined again by Alex Gladstein of HRF.org for a discussion on political expediency in the age of pandemic and what crisis has revealed about various governments, and different types of governments around the world.

- Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Of…

Click to download audio versionIn Today's discussion we'll briefly talk about some of the knock-on, or second order affects which the coronavirus disruption is having on our world today, and which may continue into the future.

Then for the meat of the show we'll dig into specific areas where bitcoin could, or perhaps is being improved with the creator of one of the most impactful peer to peer technologies in the world today.

The end of “Bus Mode” for Lyft and UberAutonomous vehicles, grocery deliveries and the last mile problemTampons, cocktail sausages and a very weird monthThis episode is sponsored by eToroA friendly government delivery service?

Is it viable to farm with AWS?

Today's show…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of the so-called "Black Thursday" crash from several weeks ago, MakerDAO's "DAI" ethereum backed dollar pegged stablecoin came untethered and was, for a time at least, functionally insolvent.

In the aftermath, holders of the MKR token which allows holders to participate in governance decisions opted to do a couple of things, including adding the centralized stablecoin USDC to the list of acceptable collateral, which drew both condemnations mostly around centralized risk being added to the system and praise for making the system more robust against sudden ETH collateral price crashes.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin we're discussing the coming bailout-everything regime in a topic that's both extremely timely but is also what originally forced many long-term bitcoin enthusiasts to learn about money and become interested in cryptocurrency originally.

And more...Today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

featured Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine.

This episode was sponsored by eToro.com and featured music by Jared Rubens and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Photo by Tim Foster on UnsplashViews: 3,166

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode we're joined by early investor and entrepreneur David Johnston to discuss:A new "consensus based" alternative to "reserve based", "game theory based", or trusted oracle based StablecoinsThe growing relevance of DeFi even for those who aren't using itJohnston's Law six years later, how far we've come and real reasons for optimism on the decentralized evolution of everything.

Click to download audio versionEarlier this week the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Show gathered to discuss Coronavirus and its potential impacts or disruptions to the decentralized world of bitcoin.

On today's podcast we discuss Coronavirus and:

Credits for LTB#428This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode featured Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine for a hot minute.

Today's episode was produced by Adam B. Levine, edited by Jonas with music provided by Jared Rubens, From Ether Music and general fuzz.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]

Click to download audio versionOn Today's Show...With the price of bitcoin headed up again, the idea of blockchains and digital currencies has never been more palatable to the mainstream.

Episode Credits:This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Music for today's episode was provided by Jared Rubens and Gurty Beats, with editing by Jonas.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]Have any questions or comments?

Earlier this week, the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Link - Yang 2020Later on, we'll dig into the "why" of scams as we begin a longer conversation on the topic.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected] Have any questions or comments?

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 25: Unprecedented: Rules Without RulersAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Andreas has written two best-selling technical books for programmers, “Mastering Bitcoin” and “Mastering Ethereum”.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses the word of the season, unprecedented.

Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented job losses, unprecedented incompetence.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 24: Open Blockchain Development CultureAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses open blockchain development culture.

Is there a right way to build open blockchain software?

This talk was delivered on December 12th, 2019 for the La Bit Conf Latin American Bitcoin and Blockchain conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 23: One Network, Many ChainsAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “One Network, Many Chains,” Andreas explores why he believes we are headed towards one internet of money, interoperability between many chains satisfying different objectives.

He also discusses cycles of infrastructure and application growth, the value of scarce attention, standardization, and how scaling never ends.

This talk was delivered on October 23rd 2019 for the Blockstack Summit at SFJAZZ Center in San Francisco, California.

This series is c…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 22: Unstoppable Code – The Difference Between Can’t and Won’tAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Unstoppable Code: The Difference Between Can’t and Won’t,” Andreas argues that what is interesting about both Bitcoin and Ethereum is unstoppable code.

Cryptography and decentralized systems are defensive mechanisms to assert and enforce our human rights.

What is the unstoppable code worth running?

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 21: Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis BlockadeAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis Blockade,” Andreas recounts the origins of Bitcoin and the meaning of the message that was embedded forever in its genesis block.

Now he focuses on the financial blockade against WikiLeaks and who the banks truly serve, while trying to leave us none the wiser and with no other choices.

This talk took place on August 6th 2018 at ‘The Internet of Money Tour’ at the Hilton Denver Inverness in Colorad…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 20: Investing in Education Instead of SpeculationAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Investing in Education Instead of Speculation,” Andreas explains how education and training in the Bitcoin and open blockchain space can enrich your life in a sustainable way.

Unlike speculating on a basket of crypto-assets and tokens, investing in skills is permanent, transferable across chains, and empowering.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Monthly…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 19: Bubble Boy and the Sewer RatAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bubble Boy and the Sewer Rat,”Andreas delivers a whimsical security analysis of the open, public and decentralized Bitcoin system, compared to the closed, proprietary and centralized alternatives.

He argues that the strategy of security by isolation has consequences for the ability of any computer system to build immunity.

While it may not be pretty, being constantly exposed and attacked in the wild open internet will help Bitcoin achieve censo…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 18: Bitcoin and the Banks – Five Stages of GriefAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin and the Banks: Five Stages of Grief,”Andreas examines the rise of “Blockchain” as an attempt by the banking status quo to dilute the disruptive potential of Bitcoin by removing its most interesting features.

He argues that this is one symptom of a multi-stage grief process that banks will inevitably transition through as they try to come to terms with Bitcoin and the new open blockchain ecosystem.

This talk was delivered…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 17: Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer ProtectionAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer Protection,” Andreas advocates that regulators adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ approach towards Bitcoin, so as to not hamper the potential of its most innovative features.

He also criticises the insanity of the current fragmented systems of payment, breaks down why they fail at consumer protection, and how with Bitcoin we can expect better.

This talk was delivered on November 24th 2014 at the…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 16: One of a Kind – Why Bitcoin is ‘The Next Bitcoin’Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

He also tells the story about how he bought bitcoin for the first time, why it is not the get-rich-quick scheme you may think it is, and the ways they could fail.

This talk took place on July 12th 2019 at the Athens Bitcoin and Blockchain Tech meetup in Athens, Greece.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopBOOKS:MASTERING BITCOIN, 2nd Edition: https://amzn.to/2xcdsY…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 15: Outside the Golden Cage of BankingAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Outside the Golden Cage of Banking,” Andreas covers the history of financial regulation in the United States, and how banks became the cop of last resort in countries around the world.

In the last episode, he prompted you to think about combating the politics of fear.

Finally, he argues that Bitcoin will thrive outside the golden cage of the banking cartel.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are perform…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 14: Bitcoin – A Swiss Bank In Everyone’s PocketAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin: A Swiss Bank in Everyone’s Pocket,” Andreas examines the morality of technology and the politics of fear, including former President Barack Obama’s infamous statement that broad adoption of cryptography and cryptocurrencies would be like having “a Swiss bank account your pocket.” In the last episode, he questioned the viability of Facebook’s Libra project.

Once we equip more people around the world with the equivalent of…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 13: Libre Not Libra – Facebook’s Blockchain ProjectAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Libre Not Libra: Facebook’s Blockchain Project,” Andreas answers the burning question… Has he tried haggis?

Just kidding… He shares his thoughts on the recently released Libra whitepaper, as part of a permissioned blockchain project spearheaded by Facebook.

Now he makes us wonder whether Libra will even survive to become a production network.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 12: The Killer App – Bananas on the Blockchain?

Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “The Killer App: Bananas on the Blockchain?” Andreas focuses on the two main killer apps in the open blockchain ecosystem: sound money and governance.

He argues that their failure to consider the broader needs of the other six billion people.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 11: Universal Access to Basic FinanceAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Universal Access to Basic Finance,” Andreas advocates for protecting and expanding access to universal basic finance.

He also declares that those who develop surveillance infrastructure have exhibited moral bankruptcy and should face a period of scrutiny over their ethical integrity.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

iTUNES: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/un…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, shares his thoughts on the five-year anniversary of Ethereum, challenges with ETH 2.0 and criticisms about DeFi.

We discuss:his thoughts and feelings ahead of Ethereum’s five-year anniversaryhow to address the high gas fees on the Ethereum networkwhether the complexity of Ethereum 2.0 creates a risk for the security of the networkwhether staking will lead to a higher focus on ETH price and issues such as monetary policyhow he looks at the ETH price with its significance for security in Ethereum 2.0how proof of stake systems can be more democraticwhether staking lends itself to the kind of securitization that looks similar to mortgage-backed securitie…

Camila Russo, founder of The Defiant and author of a new book on Ethereum, “The Infinite Machine,” speaks about how currency controls in Argentina got her interested in crypto and explains why she chose to tell the Ethereum story.

She discusses:how she started covering the crypto spacewhat it was like living through currency controls in Argentinawhy she started focusing on Ethereum instead of Bitcoinwhat’s in her new book, The Infinite Machinethe most pivotal moments in Ethereum’s historypossible risks to Ethereum 2.0 because of delayswhether competing protocols could take market share away from Ethereumthe most surprising aspect of the Ethereum storystarting her own DeFi-focused media plat…

Niall Ferguson, Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the author of numerous books including The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World and most recently, the Square and the Tower: Networks and Power from the Freemasons to Facebook, and Michael Casey, chief content officer at CoinDesk and coauthor of two books on crypto, The Age of Cryptocurrency and The Truth Machine, discuss the history of money and the macro environment for Bitcoin.

We cover:how they became involved in cryptohistorically, what has made things money, or how people have decided that something is moneythe difficulty of managing fiat currencymodern monetary theory and t…

Dan Elitzer, investor at IDEO CoLab Ventures, and Will Price, data scientist at Flipside Crypto, discuss the yield farming craze.

In this episode, we cover:the goals of protocols offering liquidity miningthe goals of users yield farming right nowwhether users of Compound will have much awareness of COMP in the futurehow Compound is trying to dampen inorganic activity and properly align incentiveshow incentives in one DeFi protocol can screw up another’s such as changes in Compound’s liquidity mining program causing Dai to lose its pegwhether the activity created by liquidity mining is sustainable and howwhether Compound is overvalued and how to determine valuations for DeFi tokensthe securi…

That’s kind of crazy with 30% unemployment or whatever we have, 20% unemployment, right.

Possible, you know, I don’t know.

Laura Shin:What do you mean by too much of a prize, I don’t know what you’re saying?

Laura Shin:Well, my opinion on that is that we politicize science and that’s really frustrating.

Raoul Pal:Personally, I don’t think it hurts the industry, I think as Novo said, they’re going to spend money.

I don’t know, but yeah, you know, we were pretty aggressive buyers.

Chamath Palihapitiya:You know, it’s kind of like when you have a bell weather instrument, the gains typically go to the winner.

And I don’t think if you ask a customer, they’ll want or say ever blockchain anything.

Chamath Palihapitiya:I don’t know.

Chamath Palihapitiya:I really don’t have a view on whether they should or not.

At an event at the NYU Stern School of Business, Christopher Giancarlo, former CFTC Chairman and co-founder of the Digital Dollar Foundation, discusses his proposal for a US central bank digital currency (CBDC), and how that fits into the broader geopolitical environment.

Crypto.com: https://crypto.comKelman Law: https://crypto.lawStellar: https://www.stellar.orgEpisode links:Chris Giancarlo: https://twitter.com/giancarloDigital Dollar Project : https://www.digitaldollarproject.orgPrevious Unchained interview with Chris: https://unchainedpodcast.com/christopher-giancarlo-on-the-craziness-of-becoming-crypto-dad/Chris and Daniel Gorfine’s WSJ op-ed advocating for a digital dollar: https://www…

Warren Davidson:I think Hester Peirce and I are nearly 100% aligned in this space, so I think she would make an excellent SEC commissioner.

I think, a lot of…I mean near-uniform concern over excessive force used against people broadly, and of course most recently George Floyd.

“When you think Crypto, think Kelman.

Yeah, so I’m following that, and I think that’s a good way to accelerate what they’re trying to do.

We’re essentially trying the Sears Roebuck approach to retail and I don’t think that’s really smart.

I think there’s an important difference because you could build a compound-like product not using smart contracts.

So if the comp token holders says, hey, we can optimize this or calibrate in some way, that’s possible.

“When you think Crypto, think Kelman.

Robert Leshner:So I think there’s a lot of reasons why and it also comes down to the fact that every project is unique and different.

I don’t think there’s a one-size fits all solution because different projects need different governance mechanisms in different ways.

So our panel where we’ve got a number of founders of Layer One protocols, which I believe a year ago maybe we were calling them Ethereum killers but I don’t know if that’s the term nowadays.

If you don’t think that Ethereum is direct competitor of Bitcoin, obviously I think you don’t understand this area.

So you know, just from that one example I don’t know if I would say miners were the ones who decided.

I think there’s a lot of super interesting designs here in 2.0, but I feel like Ethereum gets all the credit of Ethereum 2.0 with none of the deployment.

Like Ethereum could pivot and decide, you know, there’s like a lot of things that we like about the newer technology stack, it’s close e…

About this Episode** Check out the ZKPodcast subreddit and share some comments/questions for our upcoming AMA **This week, we catch up with Benedikt Bunz and Ben Fisch, PhD students at Stanford, once again.

In this episode, we dive deeper into Findora, a project that was co-founded by Ben (who is also the CTO) and where Benedikt works as the Head of Research.

We look at what the Findora project is, discuss the "selective disclosure" concept at the heart of their constructions, explore the balance between transparency and privacy and describe what problems Findora aims to solve.

For some background on our guests, check out these previous episode with Benedikt Bunz on Bulletproofs and Ben Fis…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we will be exploring StarkWare and DeversiFi’s collaboration - a Layer 2 STARK-powered exchange for Ethereum assets.

Guests Tom Brand, product manager at Starkware, and Will Harborne, co-founder of DeversiFi, discuss the project, how it works under the hood and give us a glimpse into what they have planned for the future.

Here is some of additional material:At the beginning of the episode, Anna and Will also discussed their joint project ZKValidator which works on Cosmos, Polkadot and Kusama.

If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our G…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna follows up on the trusted setup survey she did in her previous episode on the topic with this bonus interview with Tornado Cash.

Tornado Cash's trusted setup, held in May 2020, was the largest to date with over 1000 participants.

Be sure to listen to the full Trusted Setup episode firstFind out more about Tornado Cash's trusted setup hereIn the intro, we mentioned a number of zkPodcast related channels and groups to explore.

Want to connect with the ecosystem, learn more and work on zk research?

Here are the 2 roles:1) zkPodcast Support: Work with Anna & Fredrik on our zk-related projects (excluding the zkValidator) on a part-time basis.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Tarun Chitra chat with Yan X Zhang, professor at SJSU, about math competitions, math education, how crypto is like alchemy and the Gasper paper - work Yan and his students collaborated on with the Ethereum Foundation.

“Gasper” is a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain.

Here are the 2 roles:1) zkPodcast Support: Work with Anna & Fredrik on our zk-related projects (excluding the zkValidator) on a part-time basis.

This would primarily involve coordinating podcast guest, scheduling and coordinating studyclub sessions, help organise events like the zkSummit, writing blog p…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Georgios Konstantopoulos chat with Anatoly Yakovenko from Solana network.

They learn about this system and discuss the innovations that allow them to achieve high performance without sharding.

For more on Solana check out their website - https://solana.com/We also mention this episode on VDF's with Joseph Bonneau.

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B6b6ae8F29B1aBTC: 1cafekG…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Matt Luongo, CEO of Thesis, founder of Keep Network, and project lead of tBTC.

We cover the need for BTC to ETH bridges, what the challenges are in building bridges with BTC, tBTC and how it is setup, what went down with the initial tBTC release - an event the team now refers to as "release candidate 0", and where we might be seeing tBTC go next.

Here are some useful links:Want to help support the show?

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna explores the state of trusted setups with 4 of the people who have recently coordinated and run trusted setups for different SNARK systems.

This episode covers the new generation of trusted setups and how the teams working on these are learning from each other and at times, even sharing parts of the trusted set up itself.

As a primer, Trusted Setups are those events or ceremonies that one needs to perform to generate the parameters that can kick off SNARK based systems.

Here are some helpful links about all the various trusted setups we mention:Zcash's Trusted Setupshttps://www.zeroknowledge.fm/50 - Zooko speaks about the trusted set up at time…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Mark Tyneway who is a contributor on the Handshake project - an experimental peer-to-peer root naming system.

We learn about this decentralised, foundation-free project, the issues of DNS, how Handshake plans on fixing this, how it differs from ENS, their unique airdrop process, what an Urkel Trie is, and more.

Here are a few useful links:Signup for zkMesh Newsletter - a monthly newsletter focused on sharing resources about decentralised privacy-preserving technologies, privacy protocol development and zero knowledge systems research.

Signup to get this delivered directly into your inbox -->> https://zkmesh.substack.com/If you like what we do:…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna and guest host Tarun Chitra chat with Akis Kattis, a PhD student at NYU & the co-author of Proof of Necessary Work: Succinct State Verification with Fairness Guarantees - a paper he co-wrote with Joseph Bonneau.

They discuss the challenge of Proof of Useful Work, the unique properties that SNARKs have, such as puzzle hardness, that allow for PoNW to overcome these challenges, PoS SNARK systems, elastic block construction, and more.

Here are a few of the articles we mention in the interview:Proof of Necessary Work: Succinct State Verification with Fairness GuaranteesStabilizing Congestion in Decentralized Record-KeepersCheck out the Zero Knowled…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna interviews three people from the Tezos community: Jacob Arluck (co-founders TQ ), Marc Beunardeau and Marco Stronati (both from Nomadic Labs).

They chat about the Tezos origin story, the development of the PoS system, the governance of Tezos, and how they are incorporating zk proofs - and specifically Sapling from Zcash - into their system.

Trail of Bits has partnered with Johns Hopkins University to supply vulnerability researchers with software that can produce ZK proofs of exploitability.

This is part of a larger effort funded by DARPA, called SIEVE, to push forward the state of the art in zero-knowledge proofs.

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Molly Mackinlay, Project Lead for the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) at Protocol Labs.

We talk about her journey to Protocol Labs, as well as take a deeper view into IPFS, LibP2P, Bitswap, Testground, the use cases and projects working with these tools, and the specific upgrades they have made with the recent 0.5 IPFS release.

We cover:the importance of distributed testing infra to facilitate enterprise adoptionhow UX and simple tooling plays into the developer upgrade paththe path to decentralisation and the importance of building bridges to the Web2 worldIn preparation for this ep, it might be useful to check out our episode last fall wit…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna catches up with Kenny Paterson, Professor of Computer Science and Lead of Applied Cryptography Group at ETH Zurich.

The goal of the episode is to take a deeper look at DP-3T and privacy preserving contact tracing research in Europe generally.

They cover his work at ETH Zurich, discuss how the DP-3T project came to be, look at risks facing contact tracing protocols generally, and discuss why putting privacy and decentralisation at the heart of these types of protocol is so important.

A few of the topics we cover:If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6AS…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we go deep into Consensus Algorithms and HotStuff with Ittai Abraham from VMware Research.

We chat about the evolution of consensus algorithms, BFT, and how these early ideas have become the backbone of blockchain tech.

We cover PBFT, Tendermint and Ittai's research into SBFT, HotStuff, and the improvements he has been working on since HotStuff's incorporation into Facebook's Libra protocol.

The papers and references we mention:Some of Ittai's work:Ittai's group blog on cryptography and consensus: Decentralized Thoughts blogWe also mention:Thank you to this week's sponsor Matter Labs.

Matter Labs, the creator of the first zkRollup prototype, is also…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we chat with Henry de Valence from the Zcash Foundation.

We discuss what makes for a strong crypto library, some of the work he has been doing at the ZF and he shares an update about the Zebra Zcash client.

We also learn about the TCN Coalition, a group he is working with that aims to build and evaluate privacy-preserving contact tracing protocols - an important tool in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic.

Echidna is one of the tools that the team at Trail of Bits uses the most in their smart contract audits - it has been used in almost 35% of their smart contract audits over the past two years.

For more about all these new features check out…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсуждаем перспективы биткоина в Африке, вопросы верификации и KYC, а также удивительную экономику трансграничных переводов при помощи подарочных карт.

18:30 поддержка альтернативных криптовалют21:50 почему Paxful фокусируется на Африке?

30:20 благотворительные проекты Paxful в Африке35:10 экономика подарочных карт: как африканские мигранты в США переводят деньги на родину?

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Алексей – соавтор DeFi-протоколов Neutrino и Gravity, являющихся альтернативой широко известному проекту MakerDAO, но в экосистеме Waves.

На экосистеме различие не заканчивается: во-первых, сама суть того, за счёт чего обеспечивается стабильность токена, в Neutrino несколько иная; во-вторых, есть много позитивных моментов в том, что протокол разрабатывается на Тьюринг-неполном языке RIDE.

Об этих различиях, а также о планах проекта мы поговорили в выпуске.

Сегодня вместе с Алексом Романовым, CTO Beam, мы выясняем, как Beam «вылечили» уязвимость протокола MimbleWimble к сетевым атакам и начали строить децентрализованную финансовую систему без ончейн-вычислений.

Заодно обсуждаем новинки в протоколе Beam: платежные каналы и атомарные свопы.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Зарегистрируйтесь и получите скидку на комиссию!

Проект сейчас развивается в русскоязычном комьюнити, у них есть группа в Telegram (@solanarus), в Вконтакте у них есть даже группа.

Всем, кому интересно, можете просто пройти ниже по ссылке, посмотреть про Wasabi или про Samourai, что это такое и как это работает.

Всё, это не ваши деньги, и там они, соответственно, уже могут и помешать, и сделать всё что угодно.

Мы, наверное, сейчас как следующей темой поговорим, что мы будем делать дальше, что у нас будет privacy pool.

С точки зрения Tornado на сегодняшний день мы не имеем какой-либо коммерческой заинтересованности, с точки зрения мы не ранаем релееров и мы не имеем никакого профита вообще с Tornado Cash.

Например, торговлю фьючерсами, то есть то, что сейчас называют DeFi, но ещё оно было централизованное.

То есть они тогда занимались больше маркетингом, то есть они вообще боялись что-то трогать.

То есть, есть люди, которые более успешно получают финансирование.

Поэтому у нас есть два уровня, то есть еще есть провайдеры, которые реально известны, которые отвечают за свои действия, то есть чистые Proof of Stake.

Мы есть в YouTube, мы есть в Twitter, подкаст есть на всех доступных подкаст-платформах, мы везде называемся «Базовый Блок» или Basicblockradio.

То есть, в принципе, надо обязательно контролить секрет обязательно во всех блокчейнах – и в Bitcoin, и в Ethereum, если мы рассматриваем своп биткоин-эфир.

То, что в первую очередь торгуется, то, что интересно пользователям другим, то есть такой у нас приоритет.

То есть там целый скрипт надо предъявить, то есть когда ты открываешь подпись.

Это немножко не то, это не свопы.

По поводу вопроса…Сергей Тихомиров: Что на что, какие валюты чаще всего меняют на какие?

Китайские майнеры давным-давно, в том числе, строят фермы и в Канаде, точно также они строят в Вашингтоне, в Штатах.

Я не знаю, Bitcoin Core разработчикам вообще интересен халвинг и его влияние, или все просто продолжается по-прежнему?

Можно было бы майнерам, которые захватили 51% на неделю, договориться что-то сделать, поменять… Ну, не на неделю, на день.

Вот у нас будет халвинг завтра, а следующий халвинг будет примерно еще через 4 года, скажем, в 2024 году.

Что думаешь, что изменится и что не изменится за 4 года?

И вот я начал с написания новостей и статей, потом разные другие штуки мы делали вместе, и вот сейчас делаем англоязычную версию.

И вот он был одним из пионеров и не бросил это, занимался этим достаточно долго и серьёзно, и это принесло плоды.

Константин Голубев: Я не знаю юридических всех моментов…Ник Штерингард: Я не уверен, вот я лично.

И какая разница, кто из нас поговорит, если у нас есть этот материал и мы можем его опубликовать и на русском, и на английском.

Я не знаю, я не прогнозирую ничего и не люблю прогнозировать.

Токен уже торгуется, проект поддерживает русскоязычное коммьюнити, отвечает на все вопросы на сайте, и в Телеграмме, и Вк Solanarus.

Проводится в MIT, MIT давно и активно участвует в биткоин-экосистеме и в блокчейн-экосистеме и, да, вот у нас, собственно, третий выпуск подряд, если с учетом бонуса.

Я это все собираю в скрипт, хэширую это в свою очередь и помещаю это на блокчейн.

Если я отправляю Ивану биткоины, факт того, что он их забирает, это одно и то же событие, что и я их отправляю.

И, насколько я понимаю, вот я на самом деле сейчас вот это объясняю и понимаю, что я не полностью убежден.

Разбираем еще три доклада с Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020: про конкуренцию между стейкингом и лендингом, про конец денег и гипербартер и про многоступенчатые атаки 51%.

Бонусный выпуск специально для патронов ББ:https://www.patreon.com/posts/36327490Поддержите подкаст и получите доступ к эксклюзивным материалам!

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Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

After frequent requests, this site is now reachable as a Tor hidden service through an onion address:http://6hasakffvppilxgehrswmffqurlcjjjhd76jgvaqmsg6ul25s7t3rzyd.onion/As well as adding another means of censorship resistance, a hidden service gives an alternative trust path that doesn’t rely on certificate authorities nor DNS infrastructure.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.0 is now available for download containing multiple improvements and bug fixes For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

Due to an issue that only came to light just after the rc process, the download is for 0.19.0.1 instead of 0.19.0.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Disclosure of the details of CVE-2017-18350, a fix for which was released on November 6th, 2017 in Bitcoin Core version 0.15.1.

The vulnerability was introduced in 60a87bce873 (SOCKS5 support) and first released in Bitcoin Core v0.7.0rc1 in 2012 Aug 27.

To be vulnerable, the node must be configured to use such a malicious proxy in the first place.

Upon a connection request from the node, the malicious proxy would respond with an acknowledgement of a different target domain name than the one requested.

To fix this vulnerability, the dummy buffer was changed to an explicitly unsigned data type, avoiding the conversion to/from a negative number.

Bitcoin Core version 0.18.1 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and other improvements.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.18.0 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and minor improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.17.1 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and minor improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.17.0 is now available for download containing many new features as well as bug fixes and other improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

This release is not vulnerable to the CVE-2018-17144 duplicate inputs bug.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Full disclosureCVE-2018-17144, a fix for which was released on September 18th in Bitcoin Core versions 0.16.3 and 0.17.0rc4, includes both a Denial of Service component and a critical inflation vulnerability.

Thus, in Bitcoin Core 0.14.X, any attempts to double-spend a transaction output within a single transaction inside of a block will result in an assertion failure and a crash, as was originally reported.

In Bitcoin Core 0.15, as a part of a larger redesign to simplify unspent transaction output tracking and correct a resource exhaustion attack the assertion was changed subtly.

Instead of asserting that the output being marked spent was previously unspent, it only asserts that it exists.…

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.3 is now available for download with a fix for a denial-of-service vulnerability introduced in Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and affecting all subsequent versions though to 0.16.2.

We highly recommend users of all affected versions immediately upgrade to 0.16.3.

Security issue CVE-2018-17144: it was discovered that older versions of Bitcoin Core will crash if they try to process a block containing a transaction that attempts to spend the same input twice.

This release eliminates the crash, allowing the software to quietly reject such invalid blocks.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.2 is now available for download.

The attack was considered unlikely given that much cheaper attacks of roughly equal effectiveness are well known.

Similarly, the getblock RPC also now returns extra information that can be used to defeat this attack even if the requested block has been pruned.

As before, you can call this RPC when you no longer want your wallet to re-broadcast an old unconfirmed transaction.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.1 is now available for download.

Fixing a bug that could’ve potentially caused miners to lose revenue if they produced two blocks in very rapid succession.

The presence of this opcode makes it difficult for nodes to estimate how much computational work will be required to validate a legacy signature script.

Because of that, it blocks the deployment of solutions to prevent attackers from creating blocks that require a long time to validate.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

We are pleased to announce the release of Bitcoin Core 0.16.0, the first version of Bitcoin Core to include default wallet support for segregated witness (segwit).

This means that downgrading after recovering from a backup that includes a segwit address will workNote that some RPCs do not yet support segwit addresses.

Note that this only applies to new wallets; wallets made with previous versions will not be upgraded to be HD.

Wallets directory configurationBitcoin Core now has more flexibility in where the wallets directory can be located.

Specifically: * A new field iswitness is True for P2WPKH and P2WSH addresses (“bc1…” addresses), but not for P2SH-wrapped segwit addresses (see be…

Today we are proud to launch the Blockstream Scam Database, the latest tool in our ongoing effort to fight scammers who hijack the Blockstream brand.

Making Scams More DifficultWe launched the Blockstream Scam Database with the purpose of significantly increasing the difficulty of operating a Blockstream-related scam.

Blockstream cannot overstate the importance of verifying the authenticity of any websites, emails, or social media accounts, especially in the Bitcoin industry.

If you encounter an account that gives any indication of not truly being associated with Blockstream, simply visit the Blockstream Scam Database to verify.

After receiving your report, we’ll either add the informatio…

Running Your Own Electrum ServerBy default, the Electrum wallet app connects to a random set of Electrum servers.

So if you’re using an Electrum wallet, we generally recommend that you run your own Electrum server and connect your wallet to that instead.

Less well known is the fact that Esplora comes bundled with an optimized Electrum server based on a separately-maintained fork of Electrs.

This week, we introduced P2P discovery as an optional feature to Esplora too, which makes Esplora the only other alternative for running an Electrum server designed for public wallet connections.

While the advanced setup may put off some personal server users, Esplora makes a great option for those loo…

The Liquid Network is enabling brand-new, more efficient ways of handling trust in financial transactions.

There are few better examples of this than SETTLENET, a non-custodial digital asset settlement platform launched today in Japan.

At launch, SETTLENET will support trading between Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) and Crypto Garage’s newly-launched JPY token, SETTLENET JPY (JPYS).

More Assets on the WayAt a technical level, SETTLENET can support the instant settlement of any assets issued on the Liquid Network.

If you are interested in issuing an asset on the Liquid Network, check out our technical documentation or contact our business team for more information.

Today we’re revealing the launch of the Liquid Ventures Initiative, along with a report on our first Liquid Demo Day completed at the end of last week, with Condensat Technologies, Pixelmatic, SettleBit, and Satoshi’s Games all presenting.

Liquid Ventures InitiativeThe Liquid Ventures Initiative was started to help grow the Liquid Network’s grassroots ecosystem, connecting promising Liquid projects with Bitcoin-focused investors that are interested in getting involved in the industry’s leading sidechain.

There are currently 15 VC and angel investors involved in the Liquid Ventures Initiative, including Seven Seas VC, Blockchain Capital, Castle Island Ventures, DG Lab Fund, Electric …

With Blockstream Green Desktop, you can now create 2-of-3 multisig accounts, with an additional third key held offline for recovery.

Although the mobile app can’t yet be used to create a new 2-of-3 account, you can import your Blockstream Green desktop wallet on the mobile app so that any 2-of-3 accounts created on desktop will also appear on mobile, ready for use.

However, with the launch of Blockstream Green Desktop, it’s with a heavy heart that we will be retiring the classic GreenAddress desktop app over the coming weeks.

Any previously-created GreenAddress or Blockstream Green wallet can be restored to Blockstream Green Desktop using your 24-words mnemonic backup.

Get StartedYou ca…

Check out the Light Nite Explorer (based on Blockstream’s Esplora) to see their assets in action on the sidechain.

After receiving a Light Nite token outside of the game, a player can deposit the token in their Light Nite account to receive the associated skin for use with their character in-game.

A purchased copy of the Light Nite game is required to access the Light Nite store.

The Blockstream Store and Light Nite GiveawayAt Consensus: Distributed, we will be running a Liquid asset giveaway in collaboration with Light Nite, which will have both Blockstream Store vouchers and Light Nite tokens up for grabs.

1 Trezor Model T, 1 Ledger Nano S, 1 Blockstream Metal, 10 Blockstream hats, 15 B…

In addition to the Blockstream Satellite network update, we’re also announcing the much requested satellite kits will soon be available for pre-order at the Blockstream Store!

Satellite Kit Pre-OrdersTwo ready-to-go receiver kits and an optional antenna kit will be available soon for pre-order:Blockstream Satellite Basic Kit: A consumer-grade satellite receiver, ready to connect a Bitcoin node at home.

Existing Blockstream Satellite users should note that we will be disabling the 1.0 network on June 1st 2020.

Get Started with Blockstream Satellite 2.0New users should keep an eye on the Blockstream Store to be ready to place pre-orders for delivery in June.

), get a Lightning wallet ready …

Liquid assets just got a whole lot more secure with the addition of Liquid Network support for the Ledger Nano S. Liquid users with Android devices can now use Blockstream Green to send and receive a selection of major Liquid assets from their Ledger hardware wallet.

The Ledger Liquid App in ActionOffline Storage Combined With Multisig 2FAUsing Blockstream Green and a Ledger Nano S to store your Liquid assets combines the best of both offline storage and multisig two-factor authentication.

As with all standard Blockstream Green Bitcoin and Liquid wallets, Liquid assets on a Ledger Nano S are stored in a 2-of-2 multisig.

More Assets and Hardware Support to ComeAt launch, the Liquid app on th…

Using our explorer, anyone can search through historical Bitcoin, Liquid Network, and Bitcoin testnet transaction data.

However, it should be noted that using Blockstream Explorer as a source of blockchain data introduces trust in running a Lightning node.

New Liquid Network StatsNow all of the peg activity occurring on Liquid is on one page for easy searching.

Start Building With The APIThe Blockstream Explorer API is a performance-focused interface that simplifies building Bitcoin, Lightning, and Liquid-based applications.

To get started connecting your project to the Blockstream Explorer API, check out our documentation.

by Alex BosworthWe’re excited to announce the release of the Lightning Loop Beta.

Loop Beta is the start of a roadmap to evolve the technology of Lightning bridging to take a permanent place in the Lightning ecosystem.

But in Beta, Lightning Loop will start to offer a new method of accessing the API that is based on the LSAT project for light-weight authenticated access of APIs.

In Beta, Lightning Loop will pre-check Loop In requests to help confirm that a swap can be completed before a transaction is sent-on chain.

This will help users save on chain fees and time-locked coins by proactively preventing liquidity errors.

We’re working to do our part to kick off the new decade right with the release of lnd v0.9-beta !

In lnd v0.9-beta , we’re making a significant step in this direction with the ability to receive “multi-path payments” (MPPs) (the non-spontaneous variant).

“Single-shot” MPP payments are essentially an updated, safer form of “normal,” unsplit Lightning payments.

RoutingAs discussed in the Routing Node Guide blog post series, we expect that over time, routing nodes will become more selective about the quality of nodes they connect to.

CompatibilityThere were a number of compatibility changes made in lnd v0.9-beta that will primarily be useful to developers of other Lightning imp…

If you just want to run Lightning on your phone, check out some of the wallets already using lnd 0.8, such as Breez, Zap and tippin.me.

To expose the lnd RPC as mobile APIs, we use falafel to translate the lnrpc protobuf definitions to gomobile compatible APIs at build time.

{ print("lnd started") } } LndmobileStart("--bitcoin.active --bitcoin.testnet --no-macaroons --bitcoin.node=neutrino", StartCallback())You could also bundle a config file with your app and give it to lnd using --configfile= .

getInfo.serializedData() LndmobileGetInfo(msg, GetInfoCallback())Integration with AndroidIn the Android world, Java is still king, and the lnd APIs will be Java compatible.

Check out the source for…

by Bryan VuIn the first post in this series, we discussed some of the requirements for becoming a routing node operator as well as some of the basic mechanics of setting up a routing node.

This section will further provide suggestions for how a routing node operator can configure their node so as to become more attractive to Lightning routing algorithms.

Channel acceptance policiesAs the Lightning routing network evolves, we envision that routing nodes will become more selective about the channel requests they accept.

As the routing node operator adds capital, another thing to keep in mind is increasing security commensurate with the additional funds stored.

Importantly, because source rout…

The Lightning Conference in Berlin is just around the corner, and to make things a little more exciting for conference attendees (and for everyone else, really), today we’re announcing the release of lnd v0.8.0-beta !

Note that SAFU commitments are only used for new channels that are created between parties support SAFU Commitments (which is now default in lnd v0.8.0-beta ).

Another safety improvement in lnd v0.8.0-beta is the addition of Per-HTLC Invoice Tracking.

RoutingOne of the biggest improvements in lnd v0.8.0-beta is the introduction of a much improved “Mission Control”, which is the payment routing subsystem in lnd .

(The system is also flexible enough to allow for specific a…

We have created tools one can use to check if your lnd node was targeted.

The exploit was fully patched in lnd version v0.7.1 (released July 30th 2019) and partially patched in version v0.7.0 (released July 2nd 2019).

Of the two checks, failure to check the scriptpubkey (#1) is more disastrous, since an attacker can costlessly open thousands of invalid channels per block.

If you’re running lnd version v0.7.1-beta and above, then you’re safe.

Channel LimitsThe Lightning Network specification currently requires a hard funding limit of 16.7M satoshis, and a payment limit of 4.2M satoshis.

by Bryan VuAs the Lightning Network has grown and we’ve worked with many community members who have been running Lightning routing nodes, we’ve been wanting to provide more information about our ideas and experiences running routing nodes.

Subsequent posts will discuss some of the underlying principles of Lightning routing, creating and managing channels, securing nodes, and monitoring nodes.

A Lightning Network routing node is a node that is configured and capitalized (with bitcoin) so as to facilitate the routing of Lightning Network payments.

Recommended capitalIn addition to hardware, time and skills, the final requirement to run an effective Lightning Network routing node is capita…

by Valentine WallaceToday we’re excited to announce the first alpha release of lndmon : a drop-in, dockerized monitoring solution for lnd .

Besides preventing network trouble, lndmon is a flexible monitoring tool for routing node operators and other users who want to track how their channels change over time.

Prometheus scrapes metrics from lndmon, and Grafana presents the data in eye-catching graphs.

Nginx is an optional component of lndmon which adds the ability for users to access their dashboards remotely over TLS.

If anyone using this project creates a graph they find useful, they’re encouraged to submit a pull request to the lndmon project so others can benefit from it as well.

The first half of 2019 has been an exciting time for Lightning and for Bitcoin, and in those first six months, we at Lightning Labs are excited to have released Lightning Loop, lnd v0.6-beta , our desktop Lightning App for Linux, OSX and Windows, our mobile Lightning App for Android and iOS, as well as Loop In!

To begin the second half of 2019, today we’re announcing the release of lnd v0.7-beta .

lnd v0.7-beta provides for running lnd in “altruist” watchtower mode, in which an operator can provide watchtower services without requiring payment.

In order to make the lifecycle of Lightning Payments more explicit to developers, we’ve added a new set of RPCs to be used for sending and t…

by Alex BosworthIn March, we at Lightning Labs announced Lightning Loop, which provides an on-demand non-custodial service to help manage Lightning channels.

Today, we’re making Lightning Loop bi-directional with the addition of Loop In.

At that point, Lightning users can close the empty channel and open a new channel (“channel churn”), or they keep their channel open and use Loop In!

Like our previous Loop Out release, this early command line release of Loop In is primarily intended for experimentation by more advanced Lightning users.

Integrate Loop TodayIn addition to providing benefits for end users and our Lightning App users as described above, Lightning Loop is designed to empo…

We recently launched our Lightning App on desktop and with this new release our Lightning App is now available on iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Powered by Neutrino and AutopilotThe mobile apps also include the same two core technologies that power the desktop app.

Instead, app users only need to download and verify tens of megabytes worth of filter and block headers in a matter of minutes.

You can read more about these two technologies in the desktop release blog post.

State of the Art Mobile SecuritySecurity is an integral part of Bitcoin and our Lightning App is no exception.

by Tankred Hase and Valentine WallaceToday we’re excited to announce the first alpha release of the Lightning App for desktop on Bitcoin mainnet.

For everyone to truly explore what is possible with the Lightning Network, we needed to build a wallet that knocks down these barriers-to-entry and demonstrates what is possible when technology fights for the user.

Unified Homescreen BalanceWe have also updated the home screen with a unified balance that includes on-chain as well as Lightning funds.

Selecting a set of initial channels is an important part of bootstrapping new users to the Lightning Network, and with this new system, we’ll ensure that our users’ very first channels act as rel…

Today, we’re excited to announce the latest release of lnd , v0.6-beta !

This is also the first release of lnd that supports Lightning Loop out of the box!

For light client users, we’ve also made a few Neutrino enhancements.

Developer friendlinessWe’ve been excited to see the activity around the creation of Lightning applications based on lnd as well as merchant services and Lightning wallets that use lnd .

lnd v0.6-beta includes a number of changes to the RPC interface that are designed to make lnd easier for developers to work with.

You are effectively looping the payment back to yourself, hence the name Lightning Loop.

The user sends a payment tied to this hash to the Lightning Loop server.

To prevent this the server requires a second Lightning payment called the prepayment to be made along with the swap payment.

From that point onwards, the preimage is to be considered public knowledge and the user should expect their Lightning payment to be settled at any time.

With the received on-chain funds another channel can be opened and this channel can be Looped out too.

by Alex Bosworth and Bryan VuToday we’re excited to announce the initial release of Lightning Loop, a non-custodial service that makes it easier for people to receive funds on Lightning.

Loop Out: A Tale of Lightning PizzaOne day, a new company launches that’s selling pizza on the Lightning Network called Backgammon’s.

The vision for Lightning Loop is to allow users to securely move funds in and out of the Lightning Network using non-custodial Bitcoin contracts.

Try Loop Out TodayThis developer-focused alpha we’re releasing is intended to be used via command line interface or via the Lightning Loop gRPC API.

Any feedback from the Lightning community is always very much appreciated 

Round 6 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $227,847 in contributions from 1,526 contributors and $175,000 in matched funds distributed across 695 projects.

Why should the quadratic funding mechanism significantly increase its complexity just to achieve a gain in stability that projects could simply provide for themselves?

The Ethereum community has long been struggling to find effective ways to determine what "the community" supports, especially in cases of controversy.

Since round 5, Gitcoin Grants has had three categories per round: tech, community (called "media" before), and some "guest" category that appears only during that specific round.

ConclusionThe best news is the unmenti…

The holder of the private key \(k\) provides, as part of the public key, a "relinearization key", which you can think of as "noisy" encryptions of \(k \otimes k\) under \(k\).

Notice that the decryption equation \(\) is just a big sum of terms of the form \((ct_{1_i} * ct_{2_j}) * k_p * k_q\).

Another technique: matricesAnother technique (see Gentry, Sahai, Waters (2013)) for fully homomorphic encryption involves matrices: instead of representing a ciphertext as \(ct\) where \( = 2e + m\), a ciphertext is a matrix, where \(k * CT = k * m + e\) (\(k\), the key, is still a vector).

The fact that addition works is easy: if \(k * CT_1 = m_1 * k + e_1\) and \(k * CT_2 = m_2 * k + e_2\), then \(k…

On the media side, we do see some balance between stability and dynamism:Week in Ethereum had the highest total amount received in both the previous round and the current round.

EthHub and Bankless are also near the top in both the current round and the previous round.

An individual has two choices: contribute $10 in the current round, or contribute $5 in the current round and $5 in the next round.

a $200 match now, but the latter would give you $141 in the current round + $141 in the next round = $282.

Responses to negative contributionsThis round also introduced negative contributions, a feature proposed in my review of the previous round.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing f , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Here's the circuit with labels again:At the start, Bob knows the labels 6816, 3621, 4872, 5851Bob evaluates the first gate.

However, in general garbled circuits can be used for computations that are not reversible, and so don't break privacy in this way (eg.

The labels themselves are random and so reveal nothing about the inputs, but anyone can then execute the published garbled c…

There are two main objections that I heard, and both lead to interesting criticisms of quadratic funding in its current implementation.

Traditionally, public goods of the type that Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding is trying to support were selected and funded by governments.

or quadratic funding.

But there is nothing in the rules of quadratic funding that privileges Ethereum projects and prevents, say, Ethereum Classic projects from seeking funding using the same platform!

One is to modify the quadratic funding mechanism to support negative votes in addition to positive votes.

a one-time set of serious breaking changes to prevent the base protocol's cryptography from falling to quantum computers would be okay).

Once a layer 1 protocol has achieved a certain level of functionality, which I will term "functionality escape velocity", then yes, you can do everything else on top without further changing the base.

This post will talk about some of what this minimal functionality that constitutes "functionality escape velocity" is.

The problem is this: there needs to be some way to move coins from a "normal" state to an "awaiting withdrawal" state.

The block time of the base layer sets the latency for anything whose confirmation depends things being included in the base…

The other 37 squares should be covered up by checkers or Go pieces or anything else to denote that they are inaccessible.

The rules are the same as chess, with a few exceptions:White pawns move up, black pawns move left.

White pawns take going left-and-up or right-and-up, black pawns take going left-and-down or left-and-up.

To break ties between equal maximum-length sequences, count the number of distinct length-three sequences they have; the hand with more distinct length-three sequences wins.

This hand has four length-three sequences: K 2 4, K 4 8, 2 3 4, 3 8 K. This is rare.

Special thanks to Karl Floersch and Jinglan Wang for feedbackIf you follow applied mechanism design or decentralized governance at all, you may have recently heard one of a few buzzwords: quadratic voting, quadratic funding and quadratic attention purchase.

... Public goods, public marketsPrivate goods (eg.

Quadratic VotingSee also the original paper: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%5fid=2003531Let us begin by exploring the first "flavor" of quadratic payments: quadratic voting.

With a bright mirror image of quadratic funding: quadratic fees!

Quadratic payments are an idea that has only become popular in the last few years; we still have not seen more than small-scale trial…

In this post, I'll go through the 16 problems from 2014 one by one, and see just where we are today on each one.

At the end, I’ll include my new picks for hard problems of 2019.

Cryptographic problemsBlockchain Scalability One of the largest problems facing the cryptocurrency space today is the issue of scalability ...

About six months after the "hard problems" list was posted, Ethereum settled on its ASIC-resistant proof of work algorithm: Ethash.

New problemsIf I were to write the hard problems list again in 2019, some would be a continuation of the above problems, but there would be significant changes in emphasis, as well as significant new problems.

Special thanks to the Gitcoin team and especially Frank Chen for working with me through these numbersThe next round of Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding has just finished, and we the numbers for how much each project has received were just released.

But what matters more here are not the raw donations, but rather the subsidies that the quadratic funding mechanism applied.

Pairwise-bounded quadratic funding vs traditional quadratic fundingRound 3 differs from previous rounds in that it uses a new flavor of quadratic funding, which limits the subsidy per pair of participants.

ConclusionsOn the whole, this was by far the largest and the most data-rich Gitcoin funding round to date.

The experim…

River Financial​ is a challenger financial institution specializing in Bitcoin financial services.

River Financial leverages two technologies in its wallet software: Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) and Output Script Descriptors.

In River’s wallet software, the descriptor language is leveraged in several places from wallet creation to address generation.

This has two immediate benefits:The wallet software is able to watch cold wallets using descriptors and subsequently derive new addresses.

This foundation will help River Financial scale its wallet infrastructure.

Field report: Using Descriptors and PSBT at RiverRiver Financial​ is a challenger financial institution specializing in Bitcoin financial services.

River Financial’s flagship product, a Bitcoin brokerage, provides retail investors with a high-touch platform to buy and sell Bitcoin.

River Financial leverages two technologies in its wallet software: Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) and Output Script Descriptors.

In River’s wallet software, the descriptor language is leveraged in several places from wallet creation to address generation.

This has two immediate benefits:The wallet software is able to watch cold wallets using descriptors and subsequently derive new addresses.

This week’s newsletter links to several discussions about activating taproot and summarizes a proposed update to BIP173 bech32 addresses.

Also included are our regular sections summarizing interesting changes to services and client software, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

News● Taproot activation discussions: several discussions were started or continued this week about choosing a method for activating taproot.

It adds support for the updated pay command and new keysend RPC described in this newsletter’s notable code changes section, among several other notable changes and multiple bug fixes.

Notable code and documentation ch…

This week’s newsletter describes a proposed update to the draft BIP118 SIGHASH_NOINPUT and summarizes notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Notable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

● Bitcoin Core #19328 updates the gettxoutsetinfo RPC with a new hash_type parameter that allows specifying how to generate a checksum of the current UTXO set.

Currently the only two options are hash_serialized_2 , which produces the checksum that has been the default since Bitcoin Core 0.15 (September 2017), or none , which returns no checksum…

This week’s newsletter summarizes a proposed BIP for BIP32-based path templates and includes our regular sections with the summary of a Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Path templates provide a compact way for the user to describe to the wallet what paths they want to use.

The compactness of path templates makes it easy to back up the template along with the seed, helping prevent users from losing funds.

An additional feature of the proposed path templates is the ability to describe derivation limits (e.g.

Knowing the entire P2P network topology makes it easier to carry out attacks such as n…

● Discussion of HTLC mining incentives: Itay Tsabary, Matan Yechieli, Ittay Eyal posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list with a paper they’ve written.

They claim that rational miners should want to run a modified Bitcoin node that allows a user to bribe it with a transaction that’s timelocked and can’t be confirmed until some point in the future.

The authors of the paper propose a solution they call Mutually Assured Destruction HTLCs (MAD-HTLCs).

These require Bob to provide a hashlocked bond that makes him reveal his own preimage when sending his timeout settlement.

In the long term, this is an incentive compatibility concern that protocol developers may want to keep in mind.

In the current LN protocol, each time the channel state is updated, the party who initiated opening the channel must commit to paying any onchain transaction fees for the unilateral close transaction.

The party paying the fees also gets to choose the feerate used—but the counterparty’s security also depends on the feerate being appropriate.

That means the counterparty may close the channel at any time if they think the chosen feerate has become too low for current market conditions.

If that feerate is five times higher than strictly necessary, this can easily result in paying more than $100 USD in transaction fees at current bitcoin prices.

Several other ideas are mentioned, but Pickhardt a…

The authors outline how CoinPool could work using existing features of Bitcoin plus taproot, SIGHASH_NOINPUT , and the ability to use a delete-only accumulator via Bitcoin Script (e.g.

To create a coinjoin, takers contact several makers, collect their input and output information, and create the transaction template.

The taker directly gains the privacy benefits of the coinjoin and the makers directly gain income for providing liquidity.

This model gives takers a lot of flexibility with their own inputs and outputs to the transaction template.

This allows constructing the transaction template without the coordinator learning which inputs funded which outputs.

This will cause the hardware wallet to under-calculate the transaction fee by that same understated amount.

Of course, networked wallets are vulnerable to other attacks, which is why hardware wallets can enhance user security.

In response, Trezor has updated its firmware to require copies of previous transactions for segwit UTXOs the same way it requires them for legacy UTXOs.

Software that creates or updates Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) will need to be upgraded to include the full copies of previous transactions into the PSBTs.

If taproot is adopted, then it should become safer for stateless signers like hardware wallets to sign for taproot UTXOs without evaluating previou…

● Design for a coinswap implementation: Chris Belcher posted a design for a full-featured coinswap implementation.

This improves the privacy of not just the coinswap users but all Bitcoin users, as anything that looks like a payment could have instead been a coinswap.

Additionally, he compares coinswap to other privacy techniques such as using LN, coinjoin, payjoin, and payswap.

Belcher has a history of creating and maintaining privacy-enhancing open source software for Bitcoin, such as JoinMarket and Electrum Personal Server, which gives particular weight to the conclusion of his email: “I intend to create this CoinSwap software.

It will be almost completely decentralized and available for…

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Now, large, regulated financial companies that already provide similar safekeeping services for stock certificates and the like could enter the fray.

Brooklyn Nets guard Spencer Dinwiddie fought the NBA for months over his plan to tokenize his $34 million contract.

Now, with the NBA’s concerns apparently addressed and the sale closed out, Dinwiddie’s plan hit a different obstacle: investor interest.

With shares priced at $150,000, just $1,350,000 (or one-tenth of the target $13.5 million sale) was sold.

Updates on phase 0, testnets, the usual great explainers, links to new media and more in Ben’s weekly eth2 newsletter.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[SPONSORED] Kyber Network is a fully on-chain liquidity protocol that aggregates liquidity from diverse sources, enabling decentralized token swaps to be integrated into any application.

Kyber Network aims to be the transaction layer for the decentralized economy, powering liquidity for decentralized finance (DeFi) applications.

Kyber supports over 80 different tokens, and powers over 100 integrated projects including popular wallets as well as DeFi platforms.

mStable launched their protocol token (MTA) over the weekend on the Mesa platform (built by Gnosis).

dHedge offers non-custodial mimetic trading for synthetic assets, us…

This, of course, made a lot of people upset because they were under the impression that eth2 would launch in 2020.

A few minutes later, Vitalik followed up with a comment saying that eth2 is still on track for a 2020 launch.

In a first of its kind, an Ethereum address holding 100,000 USDC stablecoin has been blacklisted.

Project UpdatesThe usual round of updates from Ben including updates on phase 0, new eth2 explainers, research updates and more.

Wesley van Heije has put together “The hitchhiker’s guide to Ethereum development” which provides a starting point for developers who’re keen to learn more about blockchain and development on top of Ethereum.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🤓 EthHub Educational SeriesEducation is at the core of what we do at EthHub across our docs, newsletter and podcast.

So to that end, we launched a new initiative this week called the EthHub Educational Series.

The EF announced this week that they’re sponsoring 3 prizes at ETHGlobal’s HackFS conference for developers that build eth2+libp2p related projects.

The xToken team are creating smart contracts that wrap complicated staking and liquidity strategies into single set-and-forget ERC20 tokens.

1559 Fee market change, Altona Eth2 multiclient testnet, performance and diversity goals for Ethereum, and more in this update.

Reflexer Labs is building RAI, a dampened version of ETH that is meant to be used as collateral in other DeFi protocols.

If you want to know why everyone’s so excited about this EIP, I suggest giving this piece a read.

These funds will go a long way to making sure this EIP gets the love it deserves so that it can be safely included in the Ethereum protocol.

I also caught up with Alex Saunders from Nuggets News again last week to discuss the previous months worth of Ethereum news.

DeFi Dude is an active Ethereum community member who is currently working with Kyber Network on community-related initiatives.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)👨‍🌾 Farming All the YieldWell, that was an absolutely crazy week in Ethereum, wasn’t it?

If you’d like to support EthHub, you can do so here (or fund the Ethereum “state media” here).

Lastly, a Chinese version of EthHub is now available - a big thanks to ECN for making this possible!

With this pool, speculators can farm SNX, REN, CRV and BAL tokens using their tokenized BTC on Ethereum.

Updates on the core spec and implementation, security audits, testnets and more from the Nimbus team this week.

For a full breakdown of the eth2 testnet action over the last few weeks, you can read the piece I wrote here.

Have a great week everyone!

All your regular eth2 updates packed into Ben’s weekly newsletter as per usual - this one has a great section on the current testnet status.

Community Member SpotlightThis week we’re highlighting the great work of Philippe Castonguay!

Keep up the great work Philippe!

📰 Launching The Daily GweiLast week, I announced the launch of my brand new daily Ethereum newsletter called The Daily Gwei.

This newsletter does not deprecate or replace the EthHub Weekly Newsletter - rather, it complements it and allows me to deliver Ethereum-related updates to subscribers daily (along with my own commentary).

The cryptocurrency exchange has initiated procurement deals with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for a cryptocurrency investigations tool called “Coinbase Analytics,” according to publicly available documents.

Coinbase joins a crowded field of cryptocurrency analytics companies – Chainalysis, Elliptic, CipherTrace and…

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[SPONSORED] Matic Network, the leading Ethereum Layer 2 platform, is transitioning to the public mainnet!

With a scalable Layer 2 like Matic on Ethereum, applications have everything on Ethereum to build products ready for mass adoption.

ETHGlobals HackMoney hackathon finished up this week with over 350 hackers participating and 116 DeFi-related projects being built.

Devfolio also announced a new Ethereum India Fellowship program which aims to help developers go from web2 to web3.

Updates on the eth1 <> eth2 merge, the eth2 network monitor, the results of a cross-shard transaction simulation and more.

With a scalable Layer 2 like Matic on Ethereum, applications have everything on Ethereum to build products ready for mass adoption.

We’re big fans of Gitcoin at EthHub and we think this is an awesome opportunity to get involved with the Ethereum/web3 ecosystem.

The weekly recap podcast will be delayed by roughly 24 hours this week due to scheduling issues - sorry for the inconvenience!

Ethereum Cat Herders community update is here with another issue to recap the latest in Ethereum developments and other exciting progress in the ecosystem.

Stani is a very active Ethereum community member and is the Founder and CEO of Aave - a DeFi lending protocol that has seen meteoric growth over the last …

Crypto derivatives platform ErisX is launching Ether futures contracts, it announced Monday in a blog post.

The new contracts, the first futures contracts for the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap in the U.S., will begin trading effective immediately, ErisX announced.

"Starting today individual and institutional investors can access physically delivered futures contracts based on ETH-USD with monthly and quarterly expirations.

The ErisX futures exchange trades alongside the ErisX spot market on a unified and innovative platform enabling price transparency and collateral efficiencies," the blog post said.

Ben is an active Ethereum community member and is the Founder, CEO & Lead Eng…

So, to help educate these people, we cleaned up the EthHub Discord channel with the aim of turning it into more of a community learning hub.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekTON Labs, a startup that helped Telegram run the test network for the Telegram Open Network (TON), launched its own version of the blockchain Thursday, with the support of professional validators.

During a Zoom call livestreamed on YouTube, the genesis block of the new blockchain was generated, effectively marking its existence.

"The network must not be censored, it must go to the world," TON Labs CTO Mitya Goroshevsky said on the call.

Immutable X is a decentralized, non-custodial exchange that scales trading on the Ethereum n…

Glassnode released yet another metric that I requested last week - the Ethereum HODL Waves chart which shows ETH holder behavior over the years.

Finally, the monthly Ethereum update video I do with Alex Saunders of Nugget’s News is live - watch it here.

Project UpdatesLots of testnet updates and news in this weeks edition of Ben’s newsletter along with a suite of research updates.

In this post, Pooja from the Ethereum Cat Herders goes over all of the groups achievements for Q1 of this year.

This post covers r&d updates for all of Loopring’s products, recent metrics for the exchange, media coverage and more.

Now, ~$28,000 is forever locked in their contracts due to that bug (though the team will be covering the losses).

We’ll be talking about this more on the EthHub Weekly recap podcast which we’ll be livestreaming (with video!)

Futureswap, an exchange to trade 20x perpetual ETH futures went live this week for a brief period of time.

In its 3 day alpha period, it did over $7 million in volume with over $1 million of liquidity.

Paul previously worked at AZTEC Protocol as a Blockchain Engineer and held various Software Engineering roles prior to that.

To understand this, we need to add the next layer of the system: governance.

The governance token, called COMP, would be distributed to users in a way similar to those weighted polls of the past.

Users began intentionally lending or borrowing on Compound with the explicit goal of earning, or “farming,” COMP.

What's made it possible so far is high demand for the base governance tokens of protocols like Compound.

Even in the best case scenario, demand for these governance tokens must eventually level off as they reach a fair market valuation.

Kanye West, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett were among dozens of accounts that tweeted the scam.

The first is obvious: a Bitcoin giveaway scam was used to monetize this attack.

This changed when the same scam tweets began to be shared from the personal accounts of high profile people, starting with Elon Musk.

Link As the afternoon wore on, many more high profile accounts began tweeting the scam, and it became apparent the hacker had hit more than a third-party tool.

Several hours later, presumably after Twitter addressed the issue, the accounts of these high profile users became accessible again to the user.

Left out of that discussion, though, was the grandaddy of layer 2 scaling techniques: state channels.

In this edition of the newsletter, we'll learn the basics of how state channels work, and why they're complex to implement.

We'll close by looking at why state channels haven't seen much adoption to date, but why that could be poised to change.

How State Channels WorkThe core premise of state channels is surprisingly simple to understand.

Link The most common examples for envisioning the kinds of apps which are possible with such state channels tend to be games.

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

Like Minecraft, Cryptovoxels lets you explore and build without any strict goal or directive.Where Cryptovoxels differs from a game like Minecraft is in its integration of— you guessed it— crypto!

While anyone can explore the Cryptovoxel world freely, to build in the world you have to own property.

LinkA Social Network and Real AdoptionCreative expression is the obvious appeal of a game like Cryptovoxels.

Keep an eye on expansive world building games backed by crypto ownership.

I sent the first issue of Build Blockchain out to fifty subscribers on June 3rd, 2018.

( Issue 23 , November 4th, 2018)This week was a good microcosm of where we are in the crypto world.

In such a world, Bitcoin could exist as an asset on the Ethereum network, and both would benefit for it.

These applications increase the usefulness of Bitcoin, and thus the demand for it, all without the Bitcoin network itself having to make any tradeoffs in terms of complexity or security.

A decentralized network, and the smart contract code that runs on it, is all that is needed.

On a layer one blockchain, all computation is executed on the main chain, and all data is stored there as well.

To achieve greater scalability, Plasma moves both computation and data storage off of the main blockchain and into a second layer chain.

Link Validium returns to the idea of keeping layer 2 data off-chain, unlocking much greater scalability gains than the rollup constructions can offer.

Unlike Plasma, though, Validium doesn't rely on fraud proofs for validating computation, instead adopting zero knowledge proofs.

Compared to a centralized exchange a Validium layer 2 is still far more secure and trust minimized.

On June 2nd, 2020, a livestream was held to mark the end of the month-long HackMoney virtual hackathon.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, I'll give you a recap of the event from my perspective as a participant.

Finally, I'll reflect on what the hackathon demonstrates about the Ethereum ecosystem.

What was great about HackMoney is that the organizers didn't simply recreate an in-person hackathon on a Zoom call.

UmbraFor HackMoney, Matt Solomon and I teamed up to create Umbra, a protocol for privacy preserving stealth payments on the Ethereum blockchain.

The term antifragile was coined by Nassim Taleb, an author whose books have done much to shape my view of the world.

Money PrintingI wrote extensively about about central bank money printing in issue 90 of this newsletter, so I won't dwell on here.

While the standard narrative amongst most crypto folks is that money printing by the Fed will lead to massive inflation of the US Dollar, I'm not convinced that's a given.

Sure, the government is printing money, but the credit market has contracted and demand for dollars globally has skyrocketed.

If nations in the developing world try to print their way out of economic trouble, there may be inflation of those local currencies.

As news broke that these early coins had moved, Bitcoin's price dropped sharply.

Lerner named this the "Patoshi" pattern, and the block where the recently moved coins were mined did not adhere to it.

Maybe, maybe not, but the truth is, if people find Bitcoin's distribution unfair, they'll be less likely to adopt it.

More precisely, the existence of these 1.1 million BTC, and the risk that they'll be recovered someday, probably depresses Bitcoin's price even today.

While I do see Satoshi's coins as a liability, any attempts to "fix" this problem would probably prove more perilous than the coins' continued existence.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, we'll explore these two token projects, how they work, and what they might mean for Ethereum and all of crypto.

Users can buy and sell the tokens freely, and it's even possible to own fractional amounts.

To receive the physical tape, users must "pay" with exactly one token.

Community Points are subreddit specific ERC20 tokens that are issued to users based on their contributions.

RAC's $TAPE token is "just a stunt."

Sometime in the next couple of days, the 630,000th Bitcoin block will be mined.

A Pseudonymous ShadowThese kinds of debates also betray something else about the crypto world: we're still living in Satoshi Nakamoto's shadow.

Is becoming a reserve currency held by nation states the only worthy aspiration for Bitcoin?

Rather, we can see it as the reserve currency of the internet itself.

If Bitcoin is destined to be the reserve currency of the self-sovereign internet, it follows we're just getting started.

The four projects I identified as needing to ship this year are Filecoin, Taproot, Ethereum 2.0, and Polkdadot.

For any one of these projects, failure to ship would leave their respective network in a precarious position.

Unlike many who raised large sums of money during that hype driven bubble, the Filecoin team has actually been putting their money to use, building out what they promised.

First, on April 19th, we saw the launch of new testnet, codenamed Topaz, running the Prysm Ethereum 2.0 client built by Prylabs.

Link It's important to remember that this is only the first of three phases for Ethereum 2.0, and its functionality will be limited merely to staking and producing blocks.

In the past week, there have been two notable hacks of Decentralized Finance smart contracts running on Ethereum, both involving a token called imBTC.

The incidents have renewed debates about the responsibility of those who build— and those who use— DeFi apps.

This allowed the hackers to execute subsequent transactions before their first transaction had completed, while the DeFi contracts being attacked were in an unexpected state.This kind of vulnerability exists because of a computer science property called "reentrancy."

While the dForce hacks at least had a happy ending, many were critical of the quality of the company's contracts in light of the attack.

That starts with a simple princip…

The Ninja MineThe Steem network launched in 2016 as a Proof-of-Work blockchain aimed at rewarding content creators.

Under DPoS, any Steem holder can vote for block producers proportional to their holdings.

To my surprise, that's not what happened.The Steem community, which as I mentioned before is surprisingly vibrant, rallied.

Link Stuck in this limbo, the Steem community formulated plans for the future.

The hostile takeover of Steem network was a dramatic reminder of the real nature of decentralized governance: underneath it all, everything ultimately depends on social consensus.

TLDR: For blockchain systems, a typical source of software updates is the enhancements at the consensus protocol level.

), changes to the validation rules at any level (transaction, block, or blockchain), or even changes at the consensus protocol itself.

Authors: Xiaoqi Li*, Ting Chen†, Xiapu Luo*, Tao Zhang‡, Le Yu*, Zhou Xu*§,Affiliations: * The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, † University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ‡ Macau University of Science and Technology, and § Chongqing University.

Paper Title: Blockchain Is Dead, Long Live Blockchain!

Paper Title: Green-PoW: An Energy-Efficient Blockchain Proof-of-Work Consensus Algorithm.

Authors: Giuseppe Ateniese*, Long Chen†‡, Mohammad Etemad*, and Qiang Tang†‡,Affiliations: * Stevens Institute of Technology, † New Jersey Institute of Technology, and ‡ JDD-NJIT-ISCAS Joint Blockchain Lab.

Paper Title: Efficient Final Exponentiation via Cyclotomic Structure for Pairings over Families of Elliptic Curves.

Summary: An extensible and easy-to-use execution framework that simplifies the execution of analysis tools on smart contracts written in Solidity.

Paper Title: Blockchain Use Cases for Inclusive FinTech: Scalability, Privacy, and Trust Distribution.

Summary: Mass adoption of blockchain technology will accelerate in financial industry and supply chain with private permission…

Issue #64Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Encrypted Blockchain Databases.

TLDR: Blockchain databases are a crucial technology for the development of non-trivial smart contracts, distributed applications and marketplaces.

This work considers the problem of end-to-end encrypted blockchain databases.

The proposed blockchain EMM constructions can work on any blockchain.

Paper Title: Blockchain Collaboration with Competing Firms in a Shared Supply Chain: Benefits and Challenges.

Issue #63Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Virtual ASICs: Generalized Proof-of-Stake Mining in Cryptocurrencies.

Virtual ASICs are tokenized representations of mining power that mimic many of the properties of their physical counterparts but do not waste any physical resources.

Next, this work shows how to bootstrap our ASIC blockchain system by constructing a mechanism for acquiring ASICs on the blockchain.

Paper Title: Generically Speeding-Up Repeated Squaring is Equivalent to Factoring: Sharp Thresholds for All Generic-Ring Delay Functions.

Paper Title: An Economic Model of Blockchain: The Interplay between Transaction Fees and Security.

Issue #62Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Bulletproofs+: Shorter Proofs for Privacy-Enhanced Distributed Ledger.

This work presents an improved variety of Bulletproofs, that has shorter proof size than Bulletproofs.

It achieves the shortest proof size in the category of NIZK without trusted setup.

Paper Title: Minerva: The curse of ECDSA nonces Systematic analysis of lattice attacks on noisy leakage of bit-length of ECDSA nonces.

Paper Title: The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy.

Paper Title: Flood & Loot: A Systemic Attack On The Lightning Network.

Paper Title: REA, Triple-Entry Accounting and Blockchain: Converging Paths to Shared Ledger Systems.

Paper Title: Can Antitrust Trust Blockchain?

Paper Title: Digital Asset Market Evolution.

Paper Title: After Libra, Digital Yuan and COVID-19: Central Bank Digital Currencies and the New World of Money and Payment Systems.

Paper Title: Blockchain with Varying Number of Players.

Authors: Matthias Fitzi*, Peter Gaži*, Aggelos Kiayias*†, and Alexander Russell*‡,Affiliations: * IOHK Research, † University of Edinburgh, and ‡ University of Connecticut.

Paper Title: LotMint: Blockchain Returning to Decentralization with Decentralized Clock.

Paper Title: Central Bank Digital Currency with Adjustable Interest Rate in Small Open Economies.

Paper Title: Risks and Benefits of Initial Coin Offerings: Evidence from Impak Finance, a Regulated ICO.

Paper Title: About Blockchain Interoperability.

Paper Title: Blockchain is Watching You: Profiling and Deanonymizing Ethereum Users.

Authors: Chenxing Li*, Fan Long†, and Guang Yang‡,Affiliations: * Tsinghua University, † University of Toronto, and ‡ Conflux Foundation.

Paper Title: The Public Blockchain Ecosystem: An Empirical Analysis.

Paper Title: Blockchain in the World of Work: Hype or Hope?

That the true security threshold matches the private attack threshold in all these protocols is not a coincidence.

It is due to an intimate connection between the private attack and any general attack.

Through these concepts, any attack can be viewed as a race between adversary and honest chains, not just the private attack.

Authors: Amir Dembo*, Sreeram Kannan†, Ertem Nusret Tas*, David Tse*, Pramod Viswanath‡, Xuechao Wang‡, and Ofer Zeitouni§,Affiliations: * Stanford University, † University of Washington, ‡ University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and § Weizmann Institute of Science.

Authors: Diego F. Aranha*, Felipe Rodrigues Novaes†, Akira Takahashi*‡, Mehdi Tibouchi§, and Yuval Yarom…

Second, existing token-exchange oriented interoperability protocols, such as atomic cross-chain swaps (ACCS) , are not generic enough to realize cross-chain dApps.

Within this programming framework, a blockchain-neutral and extensible model is proposed to describe cross-chain dApps, and a high-level programming language to write cross-chain dApps under the proposed programming model.

A prototype is implemented in approximately 35,000 lines of code and evaluated with three categories of cross-chain dApps.

Authors: Zhuotao Liu*†, Yangxi Xiang‡, Jian Shi, Peng Gao✜, Haoyu Wang‡, Xusheng Xiao†§, Bihan Wen#, and Yih-Chun Hu*†,Affiliations: * University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, † HyperServic…

Both protocols are suitable candidates for it, as in both protocols “service providers” are a necessary part.

Paper Title: Towards a Decentralized Digital Engineering Assets Marketplace: Empowered by Model-based Systems Engineering and Distributed Ledger Technology.

Authors: Foteini Baldimtsi*, Varun Madathil†, Alessandra Scafuro†, and Linfeng Zhou†,Affiliations: * George Mason University and † North Carolina State University.

Paper Title: QuickSync: A Quickly Synchronizing PoS-Based Blockchain Protocol.

Summary: A novel PoS-based blockchain protocol to achieve security against fully adaptive corruptions without compromising on performance.

Instead of coding incorrect behavior, the proposed work runs faulty nodes in two (or generally, k) parallel universes in tandem.

Paper Title: Storing and Retrieving Secrets on a Blockchain.

Paper Title: JaxNet: Scalable Blockchain Network.

Paper Title: From Byzantine Replication to Blockchain: Consensus is only the Beginning.

Paper Title: Applying Blockchain Layer2 Technology to Mass E-Commerce.

Issue #54Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Can a Blockchain Keep a Secret?

TLDR: Imagine posting an encrypted will to a blockchain to be opened only when the blockchain reaches consensus that the subject died.

Paper Title: A Retrospective Analysis of User Exposure to (Illicit) Cryptocurrency Mining on the Web.

Authors: Shuyang Tang*‡, Qingzhao Zhang†, Zhengfeng Gao*, Jilai Zheng*, and Dawu Gu*,Affiliations: * Shanghai Jiao Tong University, † University of Michigan, and ‡ Cryptape Information Technology Co.2.

Paper Title: Cryptocurrencies as Property: Ruscoe and Moore v Cryptopia Limited (In Liquidation) [2020] NZHC 728.

Issue #53Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Pointproofs: Aggregating Proofs for Multiple Vector Commitments.

In many distributed applications, the commitments, values, and proofs come from multiple sources that are not even aware of each other’s data.

Paper Title: Hierarchical One-out-of-Many Proofs With Applications to Blockchain Privacy and Ring Signatures.

Paper Title: A System Dynamics Model of Bitcoin: Mining as an Efficient Market and the Possibility of ‘Peak Hash’.

Paper Title: The Law of Blockchain.

If you have doubts about which brand of lubricating oil to choose, see below the list with the main brands available in the country!

To assist you in this decision, check out the eight best brands according to consumer research!

1 ° LubraxThe best-selling motor oil brand in the country, the Lubrax Lubricants line offers high-tech products for cars, motorcycles, SUVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, vans and agricultural vehicles.

2nd CastrolWith over 100 years of history, Castrol is a world leader in the production of lubricating oils.

Now that you know the best brands of engine oil, you can now choose the best product for your car more safely.

This is issue #32 of Our Network, the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches more than 3000 crypto investors every week.

Let's take a look at three aspects of YFI using on-chain data: farming, liquidity, and hodlers.

And Uniswap has overtaken Balancer for the deepest liquidity pools among decentralized exchanges.

The relative scarcity of YFI on exchanges is likely the main driver of price action - especially since the YFI pools stopped distributing tokens.

The YFI pools have been effective in getting YFI into the hands of thousands of wallets.

The majority of largest vaults are directly or indirectly involved in yield farming activities, mostly at Compound.

The USDC-A vault owners have the most leveraged positions, which is evident in low account liquidity.

Maker recently changed the liquidation ratio for USDC-A from 120% to 110% in order to potentially reduce DAI premium (either by helping market makers to be more aggressive at shorting DAI or by flooding markets with DAI to reduce farming yields).

In practice, the change primarily increased farming yields for these individuals, as the vast majority of DAI issued by USDC vaults recently ended up in Compound.

It is yet to be seen how much more DAI is needed to reduce the DAI prem…

This is issue #31 of Our Network, the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches more than 3000 crypto investors every week.

At the time of writing, there is currently ~$3.5 billion worth of crypto assets locked in DeFi smart contracts.

This week our contributors cover DeFi projects: Instadapp, Opyn, Nexus Mutual, PoolTogether, and Keep Network & TBTC.

Recently, Instadapp launched “DeFi Smart Accounts,” which acts as a robust foundation on top of which these tools are built.

On June 16th, Instadapp provided users a tool to claim and maximize their COMP tokens with the “Maximise COMP” feature.

Since inception the Dai Prize Pool has had 9706 unique wallets deposit funds.

( Source )tBTC is the first application built atop the Keep Network.

KEEP tokens distributed in the stakedrop are rewarded to signers as a function of their total *bonded* ETH backing BTC deposits.

Bonders are randomly selected amongst all signers with ETH staked, where long run selection probability is primarily weighted by the size of a signer’s ETH stake, and secondarily by size of their KEEP stake.

Additionally, we can expect both the amount of ETH staked and the number of new nodes coming on to the network to spike as supply cap increases are approaching.

With Handshake's Blake2bSHA3 hashrate now mature and long-term stable with the addition of ASICs, the pools are diversifying as well.

DXPool and Easy2Mine have joined the network and 6Block has been knocked down to the 4th largest pool, now trailing behind HNSPool/DXPool/F2Pool as new ASICs are deployed to the network.

With the surge of new hash, we can likely expect more major pools to reveal they're mining Handshake in the coming weeks/month as new mining hardware is deployed by impending competitors.

With only 144 blocks a day at 2000 HNS per block (HNS halves every 170,00, which is roughly 3.25yrs), the daily emission is 288,000 HNS a day, this means the amount of HNS available for thos…

As such, I want to focus on the on-chain data surrounding the LINK token itself to generate some context as to why this greater shift has recently occured.

Since launch, Chainlink Price Reference Feeds have grown to over 30+ oracle networks sponsored and supported by 24 DeFi projects on the Ethereum mainnet.

Additionally, with over 200+ integrations in the pipeline, including 60 blockchains, adoption seems to have driven an increase in the on-chain activity of the LINK token on the Ethereum network as shown below.

A year ago this resided around 10,000 addresses, but has since more tripled to 35,000 active addresses.

10,000 of these addresses have actually appeared in the last few weeks alon…

Coda Protocol opened up its grants program to both technical and community projects!

It has already collaborated on earlier grants with leading ecosystem participants such as Figment Network, Gauntlet and DSRV Labs.

The project has set aside $2.1M in token grants for such projects before mainnet, with 7 projects already awarded grants.

In addition, Coda has its Genesis grants program for leading testnet participants.

It's currently onboarding the next cohort of 150 new members, after onboarding its first 40 members earlier this year.

Diving deeper into a specific virtual world project, we looked at CryptoVoxels.

CryptoVoxels users purchase virtual land (called parcels) to create NFT art museums, shops, and recreational areas.

Since CryptoVoxels started as a single developer in mid-2018, both trading volume and the average price of CryptoVoxels parcels has grown steadily over time.

The developer has put the ETH earned from parcel sales and secondary trading fees back into expansion and development of the world.

CryptoVoxels average price and volume over time on OpenSea (source):

This is issue #28 of Our Network, the free newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches nearly 3000 crypto investors every week.

This week our contributors cover projects in the DEX ecosystem: Curve, Kyber, 0x, dYdX, and Uniswap.

Following its inception and the initial growth, Curve was absorbing 1-2M in daily trading volume on average until recently.

Trading volumes touched $60M daily, with total trading volume over all time of existence of the platform exceeding $500M (source).

(Source)Almost half of the weekly trading volume consists of USDC<>USDT swaps - the most popular to facilitate COMP farming.

Uniswap flippens itself.

Since our last update, Uniswap v2 has overtaken v1.

Here are the most recent figures:Uniswap v2: $40M liq ($20M vol)Uniswap v1: $30M liq ($5M vol)Combined, Uniswap holds $70M of liquidity, representing slight growth since v2 launch (roughly attributable to ETH price rise).

Growth: The total number of new Tezos delegators continued to grow and reached its highest growth ever (+7.5k) in May and is set to keep this pace in June.

Over its short 2 years of existence, Tezos went through two growth epochs already and is in the middle of its third.

Eventually, an epochs ended with a new low in delegator churn rate.

At the end of each epoch, Tezos had gained 2-3x more delegators.

The most recent epoch seems to be not over yet, although churn is declining, delegator growth keeps increasing while at the same time the custodial uptrend is broken.

Locking DCR for tickets is an action that tells us something about the holder who performs it.

This action represents some degree of long-term commitment and, for those who use their tickets to participate in voting on consensus and Politeia proposals, an interest in the how the network is run.

The final two graphs are constructed by following the DCR paid to 1) contractors paid by the Treasury, 2) miners paid by block rewards - recording the proportion that ends up in different kinds of "outcome".

See here for more detailed methodology, here for code.

After following the DCR paid to contractors for 5 hops, 31% had been sent to exchange-associated addresses, 29.4% had been used to buy ticke…

This is issue #26 of Our Network, the free newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches almost 2500 crypto investors every week.

CompoundContributor: Nick Martitsch, Business Development at CompoundTotal supply on Compound is currently at $480 million from 23,000 unique addresses.

In this graph, you can see the roughly 11,520 total COMP that has been earned across all Compound markets, with 91% of COMP going to USDT suppliers/borrowers.

As a result of this influx, both of these Compound wallets are at the time of writing among the top 15 largest stablecoin-holding addresses.

Our newest market is Uniswap, which has been live since May 28th and already contains $533K in total liquidity.

To better understand where these rewards are actually coming from, a look at Terra’s merchant integrations through the CHAI wallet is necessary.

There are currently 24 merchants integrated with CHAI and rising.

The CHAI data is uniquely insightful into consumer spending behavior at scale.

All CHAI data is provided by DSRV Labs who are operating chaiscan.com.

Terra underwent a hard fork in early December and only data since then is being taken into consideration.

The total number of unlocked inflationary reward tokens (to date) is 16,337,502 SNX, which is distributed across 425 wallets.

Out of these tokens, 10,353,390 have been manually vested by 147 wallets.

Having a relatively small percentage of unlocked plus vested wallets provides some insight into the psychology of Stakers.

Vesting does not provide any significant benefits for Stakers that are long the system and there to provide collateral to the network.

Regardless of locked or otherwise, any SNX that is attributed to their address can be used as collateral and therefore helps to maximize the Stakers yield.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we are covering a protocol for solving data availability attacks in blockchains called SPAR (Sparse Fraud Protection) which leverages a new accumulator called a Coded Merkle Tree.

This paper was recently published by Yu et al., and provides an efficient data availability scheme for light clients.

One of the first proposals for using erasure coding to combat data availability was by Buterin.

Coded Merkle TreesA coded merkle tree (CMT) is a modified merkle tree in which every layer of the merkle tree is erasure coded.

It makes use of a novel hash-based accumulator called coded merkle tree in order to guarantee its efficiencies.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we are covering a well-understood but informally defined concept, Proof-of-Burn.

Moreover, in this paper, the authors provide a general Proof-of-Burn protocol that can be used for any cryptocurrency.

In addition to providing this protocol, they go into depth about a particular use case for a Proof-of-Burn protocol: bootstrapping a new cryptocurrency.

ProtocolThe authors provide a Proof-of-Burn protocol that satisfy all the properties previously discussed.

Moreover, we went over a construction of a Proof-of-Burn protocol that the authors proposed that satisfy the various definitions given for secure Proof-of-Burn protocols.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will be covering Incentives in Ethereum’s Hybrid Casper Protocol by Vitalik Buterin et al.

This paper provides a mathematical framework for analyzing the incentives of Casper FFG as originally planned in EIP1011.

Moreover, it analyzes the liveness and safety properties of Casper FFG and shows that the hybrid Casper protocol provides better guarantees than pure PoW.

Casper FFG DescriptionAt its core, Casper FFG is a smart contract deployed onto a PoW chain with enough expressiveness like Ethereum.

Eventually, the total stake controlled by voting validators will reach and exceed ⅔ of the total stake.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will go through Towards a Functional Fee Market for Cryptocurrencies, a paper that proposes an alternative fee system to the current way blockchain networks price transaction fees.

This results in a saw-tooth-like pattern for transaction fees.

Just as in GFPs, the highest bidder gets the highest slot, the second highest bidder gets the second highest slot, etc.

A miner looking to make a profit will select the K highest bids or all available bids if there are less than K bids available.

A block is full if it has K transactions or it has fewer than K transactions and pays a fill penalty, which is (K - # of tx in block) * fee paid by ea…

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we summarize two proposals for developing trust-minimized light-clients for proof-of-work blockchains: Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof of Work (NIPoPoWs) and FlyClient.

It only needs to store a logarithmic number of block headers and provides strong mechanisms for ensuring the validity of these block headers.

Block headers need to include a Merkle root to a MMR that contains commitments to all the previous block headers of the chain.

Both are designed to have a light client only store a logarithmic number of block headers instead of a linear number of block headers.

The authors of FlyClient show that FlyClient can provide up to a 40% im…

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will be summarizing and comparing two papers on blockchain privacy solutions, Zexe (Zero Knowledge Execution) and Zether.

Before we deep dive into Zexe, we will go over the Zerocash protocol upon which Zexe is based on.

Then, we will go over the DPC scheme that makes up the core of the Zexe protocol.

As such, Zether is a layer 2 privacy solution for account-based blockchain systems, whereas Zexe provides a privacy-preserving scripting language on top of a UTXO-based blockchain system.

ConclusionIn summary, Zexe proposes a new UTXO-based blockchain protocol that not only provides functional privacy but also data privacy.

Blockchain Research Newsletter #1: Avalancheby Mikerah and John AdlerIn this edition, we will be focusing on a novel family of leaderless consensus protocols introduced by an anonymous group called Team Rocket.

Finally, Snowball is augmented using a DAG structure to store and order transactions to create Avalanche.

If the node doesn’t get enough queries, then it’ll query the network again until it gets k queries back.

Surprising enough, in order to get Snowflake from Slush, all we need to do is add a counter to Slush.

The nodes keep on increasing the counter by 1 until a query returns a different color than its current color.

Parallel Chains, a method set forth by the IOHK research team, aims to provide a method to scaling both PoW- and PoS-based blockchain protocols.

Parallel Chains in Proof of Stake settingThe presentation of Parallel Chains in a PoS settings assumes that Ouroboros Praos is the PoS algorithm.

Roughly, Parallel Chains in the PoS setting involved running m copies of the slightly modified Ouroboros protocol in parallel such that all of these copies maintain a joint blockchain.

Parallel Chains in Proof of Work settingA key distinction between Proof-of-Work chains and Proof-of-Stake chains is the complete lack of a synchronized clock in the former.

For Parallel Chains with transaction sharding, thi…

The author of this publication will no doubt be publishing their first edition soon.

In the meantime, you can find out more about Substack at substack.com.

(Publishers can delete this post by finding it in the “Posts” section of of the dashboard, clicking “Edit” on the Coming Soon post, clicking “Setting”s at the bottom, then clicking “Delete Post”.

But don’t delete it something has been published to take its place – otherwise, this homepage will look empty.)

Here are some other Substack publications worth checking out:

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