Conversely, Bitcoin's hashrate has surged throughout 2020, propelled in part by mining farms financing new hardware to boost their operations.

Bitcoin mining is a resource war of attrition, so naturally, revenue margins are dwindling in a year when Bitcoin’s hashrate is exploding.

Bitcoin’s hashrate and mining revenue are inversely proportionalLuxor Mining pool operator Ethan Vera told CoinDesk that the anemic miner revenue is a direct result of Bitcoin’s growing hashrate, its relatively stagnant price and lower-than-usual transaction fees.

Much of this growth comes from ASIC financing, wherein miners take out loans to buy the best new-generation mining equipment.

Per Moore’s Law, which sti…

CEO Michael Saylor, who has vocally championed bitcoin since early September, further explained during the earnings call that MicroStrategy’s bitcoin reserves are paying dividends across recruiting, marketing and the MicroStrategy brand.

The executive’s statement caps a wild three months at the business intelligence firm, executives first hinted at a bitcoin future in their Q2 call.

Bitcointreasuries.org says the business intelligence firm now holds 38,250 BTC .182% of bitcoin’s total supply.

Before bitcoin, MicroStrategy’s only interaction with the blockchain space was its $30 million sale of the Voice.com domain name to EOS in 2019.

Saylor nevertheless framed the bitcoin holdings as an “e…

Bitcoin trading on Bitstamp since Oct. 25.

People are looking at alternatives like bitcoin to protect their wealth.”Judging by the bitcoin options market’s open interest, positive sentiment seems to be picking up.

Monday saw bitcoin options open interest crack $2.5 billion for the second time in October, with the first time being last Thursday, Oct. 22.

Bitcoin options open interest on major venues the past six months.

Ether versus bitcoin volatility in 2020.

Customers of Ledger, the hardware cryptocurrency wallet, are being targeted by a phishing attack posing as an email from Ledger support.

Ledger confirmed that, for the last week, a phishing attack has been targeting Ledger cryptocurrency wallet customers.

In a blog post revealing the hack, the Ledger team emphasized that users’ payment information and crypto funds are safe.

CoinDesk independently reviewed one of these phishing emails, which was sent from “support@legder.com.” A key clue in any phishing email is a slight misspelling of a real address or URL; in this instance, “ledger.com” is misspelled.

In a statement, a Ledger spokesperson said an internal task force has been deployed to in…

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

Despite their many faults, Web 2.0 platforms formed a new, networked social infrastructure for humanity, or a layer of trust where a myriad of social applications were built.

Yet, the underlying architecture and ownership structure of these centralized identity protocols exposed society to surveillance, political manipulation and data theft.

For the first time, they are creating a viable framework for social applications to be constructed upon an enduring bedrock of collective agency, consent and data dignity.

However, in their earliest applications, proof-of-personhood networks are already manifesting several of cypherpunk’s most far-fetched dreams.

Some even have the audacity to describe …

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced Tuesday that William Hinman, the director of the SEC’s division of corporation finance, is planning to conclude his tenure later this year.

Notably, Hinman was the first official at the agency to say that, in his view, the native currency of the Ethereum blockchain, ether (ETH), was not a security.

Hinman helped provide a framework that market participants could use to evaluate whether digital assets are offered and sold as securities.

Read more: SEC Official Pushes Back on Claims Ether Is a SecurityTuesday’s announcement also said Hinman led the SEC’s work on revising the criteria for accredited investors.

While the SEC’s announce…

STABLE RETURNS: Yield Protocol's six offerings plot a DeFi yield curve, the founders say.

A snapshot of variable DeFi lending rates.

In practice, this looks like many other DeFi lending schemes: You deposit ether (ETH) as collateral in exchange for the protocol’s token, fixed-yield dai (fyDai).

That token can then be swapped for dai into one of the six borrowing contracts with different expiry dates and stable rates.

Yet, stable interest rates are in demand in some places.

Southeast Asia’s largest bank by assets, DBS, is eyeing a digital assets exchange.

Top shelfJPM CoinJPM Coin, the enterprise-minded digital asset stewarded by the titular global bank, will see its first transaction this week, a JPMorgan executive said.

First revealed in February 2019, JPM Coin will run on Quorum, a private version of Ethereum developed by the bank but acquired by development firm ConsenSys in August.

Further, the executive told CNBC the bank has created a business unit with around 100 employees called Onyx to house related projects.

Bank’s exchangeSoutheast Asia’s largest bank by assets, DBS, is apparently in the works to build a digital assets trading platform.

The events of 2020 are likely to take a particular toll on the people of Latin America (LatAm).

Much like mobile phones disrupted the African economy, this new financial infrastructure has the potential to open up new markets, giving birth to a new, decentralized, peer-to-peer economy.

Within a decade I envision Latin America having a regional economy built from the ground up.

The coming years could be a newborn era of Latin America driven by a peer-to-peer digital economy.

A decentralized internet – no longer a buzzwordBy 2030, the social fabric of Latin America will also be transformed.

India’s digital assets space continues to see rapid development, with the latest news from the subcontinent being cryptocurrency financial services offered at physical branches.

According to a blog post from digital finance firm Cashaa on Tuesday, a new joint venture with the United Multi State Credit Cooperative Society will provide users with cryptocurrency services alongside traditional banking at 22 locations in the northern part of the country.

The joint venture, called UNICAS, will offer crypto savings accounts; lending with gold, cryptocurrency and property as collateral; and crypto buying and investment.

The credit cooperative society already has regulatory licenses in India, which …

Alibaba, parent of AliPay, released the technical framework and industry standards for blockchain platforms for charities in September.

“During recovery from the coronavirus outbreak, ICBC has launched and promoted blockchain platforms to track donations,” the bank said in the white paper.

China’s Red Cross, one of the largest charities in the country, was criticized for not getting supplies to hospitals that were fighting the coronavirus in February.

Read more: Telegram CEO Donates 10 BTC to Pandemic Relief EffortAnother scandal caused more long-lasting damage to the Red Cross’ reputation.

Unsubstantiated rumors said she had connections with a high-ranking Chinese official in the Red Cross…

This is the first article in our two-part series on existing vulnerabilities in Bitcoin’s Lightning Network.

The Chaincode Labs developer has authored multiple articles this year on Lightning network attack vectors.

What follows is a list of some of the more worrisome attacks that could be launched on Bitcoin’s Lightning network.

Light clients comprise the bulk of consumer-grade Lightning Network wallets from a handful of providers such as Lightning Labs, Phoenix, Blue Wallet, and other Lightning service providers.

This can certainly be accomplished, but it would take a very proficient hacker with a stellar Bitcoin and Lightning Network acumen.

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Crypto lender BlockFi now owns roughly 5% of Grayscale's Bitcoin Trust shares, public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission show. The post Crypto lender BlockFi now holds over 5% of Grayscale’s Bitcoin Trust shares appeared first on The Block.

Ethereum data provider Nansen has raised $1.2 million in a new seed funding round led by Mechanism Capital and Skyfall Ventures.

The post Ethereum data startup Nansen raises $1.2 million in seed funding appeared first on The Block.

As the season transitions from rainy summer to dry winter in China, many miners are migrating from hydropower to fossil fuel power plants.

The post Bitcoin hash rate drops over 10% as Chinese miners migrate to fossil fuel plants appeared first on The Block.

Banking giant JPMorgan has created a new blockchain unit called Onyx as its "JPM Coin" is ready for commercial use.

The post JPMorgan forms new blockchain unit, says its ‘JPM Coin’ is ready for commercial use appeared first on The Block.

IDEO CoLab Ventures has today revealed that it raised $21 million last year to invest in crypto and blockchain startups.

The post IDEO CoLab Ventures reveals that it raised $21 million last year to invest in crypto startups appeared first on The Block.

DBS, Singapore's biggest bank, is launching a fiat-to-cryptocurrency exchange, The Block has learned.

The post Singapore’s biggest bank DBS is launching a crypto exchange appeared first on The Block.

Popular automated market maker Balancer is the latest protocol to build on the NEAR smart contract platform, an Ethereum-competitor. The post DeFi protocol Balancer will find a second home on the NEAR Protocol appeared first on The Block.

Silvergate CEO Alan Lane is more bullish than ever on the crypto-friendly bank's payments platform in this quarter's earnings call.

The post Payments network remains Silvergate’s ticket to rapid growth in Q3 appeared first on The Block.

The crypto wallet firm has created an "internal task force" to look into the phishing scam that appears to be targeting Ledger Live users. The post Ledger is investigating phishing scam that targets wallet users appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take PayPal made headlines in the crypto/blockchain industry last week by announcing its 350 million users will be able to buy and sell cryptocurrencies.

Then came the news that it was exploring acquisitions of cryptocurrency companies such as BitGo.

The acquisition of a crypto infrastructure/prime brokerage provider, such as BitGo, would signal a deviation from how its corporate development team has conducted its previous acquisitions.

How To Buy Bitcoin with a Bitcoin ATMFirst up, you’ll need to find a Bitcoin ATM, using one of the various websites and apps that provide maps or lists of Bitcoin ATMs around the world.

Once you’ve tracked down a Bitcoin ATM, interacting with it is fairly simple—unsurprisingly, since they’re designed to mimic the user experience of a regular ATM.

If you already have a Bitcoin wallet, you can tell the Bitcoin ATM where to send your funds by scanning a QR code that will be available in your mobile phone app.

To buy Bitcoin using a Bitcoin ATM, you’ll usually need to enter your phone number to receive a verification code by SMS.

How To Sell Bitcoin with a Bitcoin ATMSelling Bitcoin using a Bit…

In brief An Indian banking services provider is to allow customers to transact with cryptocurrencies at 22 physical branches.

The service will be provided by the United Multistate Credit Cooperative Society in partnership with crypto banking platform Cashaa.

Indian banking services provider the United Multistate Credit Cooperative Society today announced plans to offer cryptocurrency services in 22 of its branches.

In addition to physical branches, UNICAS will provide online crypto banking services, and allow account holders to integrate their crypto wallets with their accounts.

Although the regulatory situation remains uncertain, Indian crypto industry insiders are confident that a blanket…

In brief JP Morgan's digital coin, the JPM Coin, is being used for the first time commercially.

The stablecoin is being used by a large technology client to send payments globally.

JP Morgan is using its digital currency, JPM Coin, for the first time commercially this week.

JPM Coin is a stablecoin that represents US dollars held in the bank’s accounts; in other words, its value is tied to that of the US dollar.

Just last week, blockchain technology and the wider cryptocurrency industry received another major boost, as Paypal announced it is launching buying and selling features for cryptocurrencies.

In brief OpenZeppelin is a security audit firm for Ethereum smart contracts.

It has created the Defender platform so developer teams can build atop secure code.

When teams build their own tools or cobble together existing code, they also create the potential for risk, especially if they’re moving fast to get the product to market.

“Working with high-value smart contracts can be stressful,” said Props CTO Peter Watts, who has tested the platform.

“OpenZeppelin Defender relieves that stress by dramatically reducing the room for human error, making smart contract management simple and safe.”According to OpenZeppelin, Defender works with smart contracts spanning layer-1 and layer-2 solutions, a…

In brief Fireblocks is moving into Europe ahead of European policymakers' plans to spur cryptocurrency innovation.

The digital asset platform for institutions has helped facilitate $150 billion in transfers.

Fireblocks sees PayPal's recent move toward crypto as a sign of institutional demand.

“The recent announcement that PayPal will begin offering digital asset products and services is an incredible milestone for digital asset adoption, but the story is much bigger than PayPal,” Allegrante said.

Fireblocks announced earlier this month that challenger bank and mobile app Revolut would leverage Fireblocks' wallet and network infrastructure to support the launch of new crypto services for its…

In brief Artist Andreas Wannerstedt is making his debut on crypto art marketplace MakersPlace.

The Swedish 3D artist will sell four short animated loops called “Coexistence” in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

Wannerstedt is best-known for his series of animated loops titled "Oddly Satisfying".

Andreas Wannerstedt, a Swedish 3D artist famous for his series of “Oddly Satisfying” abstract video loops, will soon put up his hypnotic creations on blockchain-based crypto art platform MakersPlace.

A NFT ideaAs their name suggests, NFTs are indivisible and unique crypto tokens, each being one of a kind.

In brief Toyota Systems is exploring the use of digital currency and blockchain.

Toyota Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Toyota Motors, is experimenting with a digital currency solution provided by Japanese crypto exchange Decurret.

Image: ShutterstockGoing forward, Toyota Systems reportedly intends to branch out the use cases for digital currency to business transactions and supply chain management.

In addition to digital currency, this is not the first time Toyota Motors has experimented with blockchain technology.

The Toyota Blockchain Lab is the company’s flagship virtual organization, tasked with contributing to Toyota Motors’ transition into a ‘mobility company’.

In brief DBS, Southeast Asia's largest bank, has published and removed an announcement that it is launching a fiat-to-crypto exchange.

The deleted announcement reveals that the Singapore-based bank will enable trading of Bitcoin, Ethereum and XRP.

The hastily-deleted announcement revealed that “DBS Digital Exchange” is backed by the Singapore-based commercial and retail bank, and by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

According to the announcement, the exchange will not hold any cryptocurrencies:“Unlike most digital exchanges today, DBS Digital Exchange does not hold any digital assets.

Instead, all digital assets are kept at DBS Bank, which is globally recognized for its custodial service…

Marathon purchases additional 10,000 S-19 Pro miners from BitmainNasdaq-listed Bitcoin mining company Marathon signed a contract to purchase an additional 10,000 Antminer S-19 Pro miners from Bitmain.

The machines, when delivered and fully installed, will add 1.10 exahash to the company's existing mining power.

Delivery of Marathon's new machines is expected to begin in January 2021 with all miners fully deployed by the end of Q1 2021, according to CEO Merrick Okamoto.

Users of Bitcoin hardware wallet Ledger receive phishing emails with malicious software download linksSome Ledger hardware wallet users have received phishing emails that include malicious software links, which, if downloaded, has led to a loss of funds.

This hack may have resulted from the company’s user data breach in July 2020.

Ledger has confirmed the new phishing emails and has warned its users to stay vigilant and verify any incoming requests.

Grayscale added $300M in digital assets to its portfolio during the last dayDigital asset manager Grayscale Investments acquired an additional $300 million in cryptocurrencies over the last 24 hours.

"Added a cool $300 million in assets under management in one day," Silbert said.

The additional sum brings the total held under management to $7.3 billion.

DeFi drives Stablecoin marketcap to $20BThe aggregated stablecoin market cap is now over $20 billion due to the rising demand for DeFi.

Dai and Tether have been the fastest-growing stablecoins.

Also, Tether has minted another 300 million USDT for the TRON network.

US Comptroller of Currency praises decentralized networks, blockchain, and cryptocurrencyDecentralized networks could be the future if global regulators find a suitable framework to enhance their operations, believes US OCC’s Brian Brooks.

During his appearance on DC Fintech Week 220, the Acting US Comptroller of the Currency Brian Brooks praised decentralized networks, highlighted the expanding role of cryptocurrencies and the necessary regulations, and hinted that central banks could actually become nodes to blockchain networks.

PayPal to enable cryptocurrency buying, selling and shopping on its networkPayPal will allow users to hold and buy crypto in the coming weeks.

It will bring the services to its social payments platform Venmo next year.

The firms are partnering with Paxos to obtain a conditional license from the New York Department of Financial Services.

UK listed firm Mode to put up to 10% of cash reserves into BitcoinLondon Stock Exchange-listed company Mode Global announced plans to make a “significant purchase” of Bitcoin as part of its treasury investment strategy.

The fintech group said it will convert up to 10% of its cash reserves into the cryptocurrency as part of a long-term strategy to "protect investors' assets from currency debasement."

"Faced with the challenges of COVID and with UK interest rates at the lowest level in the Bank of England's 326-year history, our confidence in the long-term value of Bitcoin has only increased" said Jonathan Rowland, Mode's executive chairman.

Mode said it recognized the potential of Bitcoin as…

Mystery ‘Robin Hood’ hackers give away stolen Bitcoin to charityA hacking group going by the name Darkside has reportedly tried to donate around $20,000 in stolen bitcoin to charity.

The gang posted two receipts for two $10,000 bitcoin donations to The Water Project and Children International on a dark web blog post, along with screenshots of the transactions.

First Bitcoin “Mixer” penalized by FinCEN for violating AML lawsFinCen has slammed Larry Dean Harmon, founder of Coin Ninja and Helix with a $60 million penalty for violating the Bank Secrecy Act.

The Washington DC prosecution convicted Harmon of laundering over $311 million worth of BTC for the darknet website AlphaBay between 2014 and 2017.

Digital Ruble could be tool against US sanctions, Bank of Russia saysThe Bank of Russia (BoR) said launching a ruble-backed central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be able to play a role in side-stepping US economic sanctions.

BoR's press office went on to say a digital ruble could help diminish the dependence of the Russian economy on the US dollar.

Bitstamp adds Bitcoin crime insuranceEurope-based Bitstamp, one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, has introduced a new insurance policy that covers theft and other losses of user funds held on its platform.

The underwriters include one of the world's oldest insurance markets, Lloyd's of London.

The policy applies to Bitcoin and covers a number of crime-related circumstances including employee theft, loss caused by computer fraud or funds transfer fraud, losses related to legal fees and expenses, and more.

Bitcoin Investors more bullish as IMF calls for “New Bretton Woods”The International Monetary Fund has called for a new Bretton Woods moment.

Bretton Woods was the agreement in 1944 that integrated the gold standard and implemented a monetary world order.

Analysts think that this call for “another” Bretton Woods moment will boost Bitcoin.

The details about this announcement were vague but some see it as a sign of a huge change coming in response to the rising US debt.

Stone Ridge reveals $115M Bitcoin investment10 billion dollar Stone Ridge Asset Management firm's co-founder, Robert Gutmann, said his staff and clients believe in “the long term growth of an open-source monetary system—in assets like Bitcoin.” Stone Ridge subsidiary, New York Digital Investment Group (NYDIG) said it plans to integrate its own in-house BTC execution tools, making them available to clients for the first time.

A lead NYDIG investor advocates that institutions should allocate between 100 and 500 basis-points of their portfolio to digital assets.

“With the unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus happening across the globe…" cited as a reason.

The two largest funds currently …

Spain working on bill to force crypto holders to disclose assets, gainsSpain’s cryptocurrency users may soon have to disclose their holdings to country’s tax agency.

According to government spokeswoman Maria Jesus Montero, the Spanish government is drafting legislation that would force cryptocurrency holders to disclose their holdings and any profits.

The planned bill comes as part of broader legislation aimed at cracking down on tax fraud, Montero said.

Американский программист, кандидат в президенты США, криптоэнтузиаст Джон Макафи (John David McAfee), арестованный в Испании по запросу США по обвинению в уклонении от уплаты налогов, дал интервью изданию Cointelegraph прямо из тюремной камеры.

В 2017 году Макафи предсказал, что биткойн достигнет $1 млн в течение трех лет, хотя в июле 2020 года он отказался от своих слов.

Макафи не удержался от рекламы своей криптовалюты Ghost:«Очень скоро мы столкнемся с новым направлением в использовании криптовалют для выполнения транзакций, а не в качестве быстрых схем обогащения.

Через свою жену Дженис (Janice McAfee) Макафи сообщил, что он еще не был транспортирован в США и по-прежнему находится в тюр…

26 октября в сети биткойна осуществили транзакцию на 88 857 BTC (приблизительно $1,15 млрд).

В прошлом такие крупные транзакции осуществляли Bitfinex ($1,1 млрд на момент перевода) и Binance ($1,26 млрд на момент перевода).

Такие транзакции для Xapo не редкость, но обычно они не превышают 5000 BTC.

В прошлом году Coinbase купила институциональное подразделение Xapo, но компания сохранила контроль над розничным направлением и бункером в Швейцарии.

Подписывайтесь на BitNovosti в Telegram.

Число биткойн-адресов с 1000 BTC и более выросло до нового максимума в истории первой криптовалюты (2231).

За последнюю неделю показатель вырос на 2,2%, что совпало с обновлением ценой биткойна максимумов 2020 года.

По мнению криптоаналитика Вилли Ву, многие состоятельные инвесторы рассматривают биткойн в качестве страховки от инфляции.

В сентябре CEO MicroStrategy, первой публичной компании, которая приобрела биткойн, предсказал, что в ближайшие месяцы на BTC перейдут многие частные компании.

Они также уверены, что биткойн является единственной долгосрочной защитой от инфляции.

Руководитель научно-исследовательского института цифровой валюты Центробанка Китая Му Чанчунь заявил, что цифровой юань (DCEP) будет совместим с основными мобильными платежными кошельками, такими как WeChat Pay и Alipay.

Согласно статье South China Morning Post, Му утверждает, что цифровые юани не будут конкурировать с WeChat Pay и Alipay:«Они не относятся к одному и тому же виду.

WeChat и Alipay – кошельки, в то время как DCEP – деньги для кошелька».

Как сообщает источник, Му также отметил, что на рынке существует несколько поддельных цифровых кошельков с юанями.

Напомним, Китай быстро продвинулся в реализации своей инициативы центрального банка в области цифровой валюты.

ЦБ Швейцарии и Банк международных расчетов (BIS) проведут совместное тестирование цифровой валюты центрального банка (CBDC) до конца 2020 года.

Он отметил, что в рамках тестирования будет изучена возможность налаживания связи CBDC с существующими платежными системами и проведена проверка на соответствие законодательству.

В BIS выразили надежду, что в будущем к инициативе присоединятся финансовые регуляторы Гонконга, Таиланда и других стран.

Это позволит перейти к тестированию цифровой валюты в трансграничных платежах.

Вопрос выпуска цифровой валюты поставлен и в России, ее разработку ЦБ анонсировал 13 октября.

После прорыва определяющего многолетнего сопротивления на уровне $12.000 цена биткойна может пройти через несколько месяцев бокового тренда.

Предыдущая неделя была потрясающей для инвесторов в биткойн, поскольку его цена преодолела важнейший барьер на уровне $12.000, а кульминацией стало стремительное ралли с $11.300 до $13.300.

Начало бычьего рынка часто бывает отмечено красивыми тестами уровней поддержки (до того служившими сопротивлением), что наблюдалось также на уровне $10.000.

Как я уже упомянул, подтверждение смены поддержки на сопротивление на уровне $10.000 стало основанием для следующего восходящего движения.

Определяющий уровень $11.600–12.000, с большой вероятностью будет протес…

ИT-пoдpaздeлeниe кpупнeйшeгo aвтoпpoизвoдитeля Toуota Sуstems гoтoвит пилoтный пpoeкт «цифpoвoй вaлюты» coвмecтнo c япoнcкoй кpиптoвaлютнoй биpжeй DeCurret.

Toуota Sуstems paзpaбaтывaeт peшeния для тexничecкoй пoддepжки и paзpaбoтки cиcтeм для aвтoпpoизвoдитeля Toуota Motor Corporation и ocтaльнoй чacти гpуппы Toуota.

Coглacнo пpecc-peлизу DeCurret, coтpудничecтвo пpeдпoлaгaeт учacтиe кpиптoбиpжи, c пoмoщью кoтopoй Toуota Sуstems пpoвeдёт пилoтный пpoeкт c «иcпoльзoвaниeм тexнoлoгии блoкчeйн и цифpoвыx вaлют».

Пилoтный пpoeкт cтaнeт «кpупнoмacштaбным экcпepимeнтoм c учacтиeм вcex coтpудникoв Toуota Sуstems», кoтopыe будут учacтвoвaть в coвepшeнии «плaтёжныx тpaнзaкций нa ocнoвe блoкчeйнa, з…

Россиянин обвиняется в отмывании денег и вымогательстве.

Власти США считают его причастным к краже криптовалюты на сумму от $4 млрд до $9 млрд.

Прокурор потребовал приговорить россиянина Александра Винника к 10 годам лишения свободы и попросил назначить штраф в размере 750 тыс.

Gox криптовалюты на сумму от $4 млрд до $9 млрд и отмывании ее через платформу BTC-e, предположительно, созданную им же.

Во Франции Винника обвинили в вымогательстве и отмывании денег.

Пользователи аппаратных кошельков Ledger сообщили о получении фишинговых сообщений на почту, в которых предлагается установить экстренное обновление.

Чтобы защитить их, загрузите последнюю версию Ledger Live и следуйте инструкциям по настройке нового PIN-кода вашего кошелька», – сказано в письме.

Позже он связал фишинговую рассылку с утечкой личной информации пользователей Ledger летом 2020 года.

— Ledger (@Ledger) October 19, 2020В июле неизвестные через уязвимость в API-ключе Ledger получили доступ к базе данных, содержащей электронные и почтовые адреса, имена, номера телефонов и сведения о приобретенных продуктах компании.

Разработчики подтвердили утечку личной информации порядка миллион…

B кaчecтвe инвecтиции биткoйн твёpдo кoнкуpиpуeт c зoлoтoм, и вcё блaгoдapя пoкoлeнию миллeниaлoв, гoвopитcя в JPMorgan в oчepeднoй зaмeткe для инвecтopoв.

Hecмoтpя нa тo, чтo oбычнo биткoйн нaзывaют cpeдcтвoм cбepeжeния cтoимocти, в JPMorgan дoбaвили, чтo caмaя кpупнaя кpиптoвaлютa c тoчки зpeния pынoчнoй кaпитaлизaции мoглa бы иcпoльзoвaтьcя пo cвoeму изнaчaльнoму пpeднaзнaчeнию — для пoкупoк.

«Kpиптoвaлюты пpиoбpeтaют цeннocть нe тoлькo пoтoму, чтo oни cлужaт xpaнилищeм блaгococтoяния, нo и блaгoдapя cвoeй пoлeзнocти в кaчecтвe cpeдcтвa плaтeжa, — гoвopитcя в cooбщeнии бaнкa.

— Чeм бoльшe экoнoмичecкиx aгeнтoв будут пpинимaть кpиптoвaлюты в кaчecтвe cpeдcтвa плaтeжa в будущeм, тeм вышe c…

Банк России может запустить пилотирование цифрового рубля в конце 2021 года, заявила глава ЦБ Эльвира Набиуллина на пресс-конференции по итогам заседания совета директоров регулятора.

И по мере получения этих результатов будем двигаться дальше», — рассказала Набиуллина.

Набиуллина пояснила, что цифровой рубль — это уникальный код, который повысит прозрачность финансовых операций.

Будет ли кто-то еще, помимо ЦБ, иметь возможность видеть операции, будет зависеть от того, какой выбор будет сделан в рамках модели функционирования цифрового рубля.

Преимуществом цифрового рубля она назвала удобную электронную форму и возможность проводить расчеты оффлайн, когда даже нет доступа в интернет.

Такая кривая принятия наиболее характерна и зачастую реализуется быстрее для сетевых технологий, таких как Интернет и Биткойн, так как их всеобщее принятие всё сильнее и быстрее стимулируется сетевыми эффектами.

Волатильность биткойна снижается, поскольку и его рыночная капитализация и ликвидность становятся выше, чем когда-либо (зрелые твёрдые деньги).

***Благодарим вас за чтение «Деньги, Биткойн и Время»!!!

Часть 1: Деньги — их свойства, история и эволюционная историяЧасть 2: Биткойн — его природа и значение в истории денег*Часть 3: Время — взгляд на его ценность и на то, как может сложиться история денег**Перевод остальных частей скоро появится на БитНовостях.

Как Биткойн и блокчейн меня…

Решение о запуске цифровой иены будет зависеть от поддержки общества, заявил глава департамента платежных систем Банка Японии Кадзусигэ Камияма, ответственный за изучение возможности выпуска цифровой валюты.

В случае появления цифровой валюты, она была бы нацелена на укрепление экосистемы транзакций и на дополнение наличных и безналичных платежей, а не на их замену, пишет Bloomberg.

По его словам, сейчас решения о выпуске цифровой иены пока не принято.

Камияма заверил, что японский ЦБ рассматривает возможность запуска цифровой иены для повышения эффективности платежной системы Японии, а не для укрепления денежно-кредитной политики.

Банк Японии должен не отставать от Народного банка Китая, к…

Самое крупное заблуждение насчёт Биткойна заключается в том, что его основная задача — платежи.

Не произошло это и с пузырём Саут-Си в 1720-е гг., да и со всеми другими спекулятивными пузырями в истории человечества.

Но значит ли это, что биткойн — это деньги?

Но на это не способна ни одна другая криптовалюта.

Сейчас Биткойн не подходит для проведения платежей, но это никому и не нужно.

В новом документальном фильме студии «Говорит и Показывает» сделана попытка системного анализа отношения к биткойну и цифровой экономике в разных странах.

Подняты вопросы влияния на реальную экономику нового цифрового формата.

Плюсы и минусы этого для государственной системы.

В фильме — оригинальное раскрытие оценки вариантов регулирования криптовалют со стороны государственных властей через анализ и сопоставление отношения к криптовалюте и криптоэкономике в разных странах.

Попытка заглянуть в будущее.

27 октября цена биткоина обновила годовой максимум на отметке в $13 760.

Ближайшим сопротивлением является пик 2019 года – $13 880.

В Twitter уже подсчитывают прибыль MicroStrategy от инвестиций в BTC.

Аналитики отметили, что после предыдущего обвала биткоину понадобился 1181 день, чтобы обновить максимум 2013 года.

Активу необходимо достигнуть $20 тысяч до 11 марта 2021 года, чтобы не выйти за рамки предыдущего цикла обновления максимумов.

CEO Ripple Брэд Гарлингхаус подверг критике позицию главы Coinbase Брайана Армстронга, который ранее заявил об отказе биржи обсуждать социальные и политические вопросы, не связанные с криптовалютной отраслью, сообщает CNBC. Глава финтех-стартапа считает, что технологические фирмы обязаны участвовать в решении этих вопросов, и Ripple не намерен следовать примеру Coinbase.

"Мы видим нашу миссию в создании имеющего ценность интернета, но и стремимся к положительным результатам для общества. Я думаю, что у технологических компаний есть возможность — на самом деле обязательство — стать частью решения", — заявил Гарлингхаус.

Он назвал "печальной реальностью" то, что некоторые из социальных пробле…

Неназванная технологическая компания стала использовать разработанный JPMorgan стейблкоин JPM Coin для отправки платежей по всему миру в режиме 24/7. Это послужило толчком для банка создать подразделение Onyx, которое сфокусируется на проектах в области блокчейна и цифровой валюты, пишет CNBC. По словам руководителя отдела межбанковских расчетов Такиса Георгакопулоса, в подразделении трудятся более ста сотрудников, а его […]

The post JPMorgan реанимировал проект стейблкоина JPM Coin first appeared on ForkLog.

Базирующаяся в Гибралтаре криптовалютная биржа INX, запустившая первичное публичное предложение (IPO), объявила о покупке чикагского брокер-дилера OpenFinance Securities.

INX is going to acquire @OpenfinanceIO!

Click here to learn more about our unified vision of providing a safe and regulated ecosystem for listing and trading of digital assets >>> https://t.co/1skzLl4nrI— INX Ltd. (@INXLimited) October 27, 2020

Доля майнеров из Китая в хешрейте биткоина снижается за счет прироста вычислительных мощностей в других странах, включая США и Казахстан, отметили аналитики Arcane Research. В сентябре 2019 года на Китай приходилось 75,6% от хешрейта сети первой криптовалюты. К апрелю 2020 года показатель сократился до 65,1%. [caption id="attachment_114538" align="aligncenter" width="808"] Источник: Arcane Research.[/caption] За этот период доля майнеров из США почти удвоилась и достигла 7,2%. Стремительный рост майнинговых мощностей продемонстрировал Казахстан — в апреле 2020 года хешрейт страны составил 6,2% от общего показателя. С сентября 2019 года доля выросла более чем в четыре раза. Соответствующий п…

Власти Кении начали дискуссию с международными финансовыми регуляторами о целесообразности выпуска цифровой валюты центробанка (CBDC). Об этом сообщает издание Kenyan Wallstreet. Глава центробанка Кении (CBK) Патрик Ньороге заявил, что перед разработкой и выпуском CBDC необходимо проанализировать возможные риски. Интерес регулятора к этой теме он объяснил увеличением числа криптовалют.

«Мы чувствуем себя обделенными и нуждаемся в создании нашего собственного пространства», — заявил он.

По мнению Ньороге, центробанк должен внимательно следить за индустрией, где сохраняются риски, связанные с отмыванием денег и финансированием терроризма. Он охарактеризовал биткоин как инструмент для спекуляц…

Глава Kraken раскритиковал «безответственные» запуски DeFi-проектовCEO биткоин-биржи Kraken Джесси Пауэлл осудил позицию «DeFi-скамов», которые рассчитывают на поддержку централизованных бирж.

«Их снова и снова взламывают для одних и тех же целей.

На вопрос, почему Kraken добавляет в листинг DeFi-токены, Пауэлл не ответил.

— Mixmaster Hash (@hashamadeus) October 26, 2020Напомним, в конце сентября состоялся взлом незавершенного DeFi-проекта основателя yEarn.Finance Андре Кронье под названием Eminence.

В августе цена токена экспериментального DeFi-протокола Yam обвалилась на 99% за сутки после обнаружения уязвимости в системе управления протоколом.

Оператор биткоин-банкоматов LibertyX добавил возможность продажи биткоина за наличные в 5000 устройств, расположенных на территории США.

You can now sell #bitcoin for cash at your local ATM!

#BitcoinOnEveryBlock Read our press release for more details: https://t.co/rJQpBsl42U pic.twitter.com/fGrNttu70v— LibertyX.com 🗽 🏧 (@libertyx) October 26, 2020

О текущей ситуации на рынке рассказывает практикующий трейдер и основатель проекта Crypto Mentors Никита Семов.

Побарный анализ

Взглянем на недельный таймфрейм — бар имеет выраженный спред покупок, который по матрице классифицируется как большой, указывающий на доминацию композитмена. Относительно текущего движения спред сильно увеличивается, равно как и относительно прошлой динамики, формируя самый сильный up-bar за последний год. Объем обладает выраженной вспышкой, указывая на наличие покупок с подтверждением покупательского интереса. Прогресс растет, поэтому максимум, который можно ожидать — тест сформированного опорного бара и дальнейшее продолжение восходящей динамики. По анализу японс…

Пользователи криптовалютной биржи Huobi получили возможность напрямую приобретать цифровые валюты с помощью карт Visa и Mastercard.

Как сообщает CoinDesk со ссылкой на пресс-релиз платформы, ранее пользователи уже могли покупать активы с помощью карт Mastercard и Visa, но использовали перенаправлялись на сторонний портал.

Упрощенной возможностью покупки криптовалют смогут воспользоваться владельцы карт Visa в большинстве европейских стран и Австралии, а также владельцы карт Mastercard в Великобритании, Гибралтаре, Франции, Польше, Чехии, Нидерландах и Австралии.

Услугу предоставит Huobi Technology - гибралтарское регулируемое подразделение Huobi Global.

Ранее в октябре Huobi Global добавила…

По данным портала BitinfoCharts, с 24 октября хешрейт биткоина упал приблизительно на 27% — со 148,8 EH/s до 108,9 EH/s.

Эксперты связали значительное снижение показателя с сезонной миграцией майнеров в Китае.

Операционный директор HASHR8 Томас Хеллер отметил, что 25 октября в Сычуане закончился сезон дождей, и многие майнеры начали перенос мощностей по добыче BTC в провинцию Внутренняя Монголия или за границу Китая.

For many mining farms in Sichuan, hydro season 丰水期 ended on Oct 25.

Some Sichuan farms will get 1 month of 平水期 (normal water level) & others will have 枯水期 (low water level) until May!

Крупнейший банк Сингапура DBS Bank, принадлежащий холдингу DBS Group, сообщил о запуске криптовалютной биржи. Через некоторое время сообщение исчезло с сайта. (Новость дополняется)

Некоторые американские благотворительные фонды с лета приняли тысячи долларов в криптовалюте. Доля таких пожертвований выросла на фоне арестов участников акций против полицейского насилия в США, пишет CoinDesk. Речь идет о фондах, вносящих залог за гражданина, у которого нет финансовой возможности выйти из-под стражи до суда. Летом криптовалютную благотворительную линию открыли Bail Project, Chicago Community Bond Fund и Nashville Community Bail Fund. Директор проекта Community Justice Exchange Пилар Вайс считает, что с помощью биткоина и других цифровых активов фонды рассчитывают повысить свою привлекательность среди молодежи.

«Это помогает им выглядеть более современными», — отметила Вайс…

Британская финтех-компания Cashaa создала в Индии совместное предприятие с United Multistate Credit для запуска дружественного к криптовалютам банка с обслуживанием клиентов в десятках отделений.

New banking era is ready to begin in the crypto industry.

🚀We are happy to announce our joint venture in India with The United — World’s First Crypto-Friendly Branches.🤝 🇮🇳Press Release: https://t.co/SNhkMEFMam #Cashaa #BetterthanBank $CAS pic.twitter.com/TOWOIDc7P1— Cashaa (@yourCashaa) October 27, 2020

Материал подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿.За 11 лет существования Биткоин громко заявил о себе. Кто-то называет его новой революционной технологией, кто-то — деньгами будущего. Но суть в том, что он уже кардинально изменил жизни тысяч людей. У Биткоина появилось огромное количество как приверженцев, так и противников. Сотни раз его не только обрекали на смерть, но и распространяли множество мифов с целью поставить под сомнение как способность Биткоина к процветанию, так и целесообразность продолжения работы над протоколом.Целью данного материала является краткий пошаговый ответ на каждое из данных заблуждений с предоставлением ссылок на более детальные исследования по актуальным на сегодняшни…

Перевод материала Coldcard 101 подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Coldcard — это аппаратный кошелек, разработанный командой Coinkite. Аппаратный кошелек — это устройство, основной целью которого является защита приватных ключей пользователя.Любой, у кого есть доступ к вашим приватным ключам, может потратить все биткоины, хранящиеся в этом кошельке, поэтому переоценить значимость безопасного хранения приватных ключей невозможно. Coldcard использует ряд механизмов и уникальных функций с целью обеспечения безопасности ваших биткоинов на высшем уровне. Coldcard не поставляется с собственным приложением или дополнительным программным обеспечением. Выбор ПО для работы с кошельком является исключительн…

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

Хэл Финни — история жизниПеревод эссе о Хэле Финни, подготовленного компанией криоконсервации Alcor, подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Это — новый взгляд на его личную жизнь, идеалы и вечный оптимизм даже перед лицом необратимой смерти.Хотя Хэл широко известен своими новаторскими профессиональными достижениями в киберпространстве и технических кругах, его повседневная жизнь рисует гораздо более детальную картину о его яркой личности. Он был преданным мужем, отцом и неравнодушным человеком с большим жизненным опытом, достигнувшим многого.Южная Калифорния, корниГарольд Томас Финни родился весной 1956 г. в маленьком городке Коалинга, штат Калифорния. Отец Хэла долгое время был сотрудником Union Oi…

Перевод статьи What is Multisig подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Самостоятельное хранение или доверие третьей стороне?Благодаря Биткоину у частных лиц и бизнесов теперь появилась возможность взять на себя важную ответственность: возможность в одностороннем порядке контролировать свои собственные средства. Истинное владение биткоинами подразумевает управление своими приватными ключами. Именно приватные ключи являются инструментами, необходимыми для авторизации перевода средств. Ничего, кроме хранения приватных ключей, нельзя считать контролем над собственными средствами. В противном случае деньги контролируются третьей стороной, что, как правило, делает сам факт обладания биткоинами бессмысленн…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Улицы немного оживились, бизнесы и производства постепенно готовятся к возобновлению былых темпов. На горизонте появилась надежда. Может, правительства и центральные банки и правда знают, что делают? А все эти горе-экономисты, самоучки со своими устрашающими прогнозами просто злятся, что им не нашлось места в кабинете министров? Может и так, но прежде, чем строить “Наполеоновские планы”, удели 10 минут прочтению этой статьи. Обещаю, что если ты не найдешь ее полезной, я больше не бу…

Модификация фото Пауло КарролоСегодня предлагаю заглянуть в будущее и обратить внимание на то, насколько редким является биткоин. С каждой эпохой производство биткоинов будет замедляться все сильнее, а борьба за монеты лишь ужесточится. Статья, подготовленная @mtc, предлагает взглянуть на динамику появления биткоинов самым что ни на есть глобальным образом.— Tony ₿Взгляд на динамику появления биткоиновЛишь несколько дней назад на майнинг одного биткоина уходило около 48 секунд. Эти вычисления основаны на времени, затрачиваемом на производство полного блока, равного приблизительно 10-и минутам при вознаграждении за блок в 12,5 BTC. 11 мая 2020 года вознаграждение за блок уменьшилось вдвое до…

Я подготовил квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг”. Квиз, как вы уже поняли, посвящен истории эволюции денег и роли Биткоина в современной экономической похлебке.Пройди этот квиз чтобы оценить собственные знания монетарной истории и Биткоина. Поделись им с друзьями, и, надеюсь, что он поможет вам узнать что-то новое и интересное о деньгах, Биктоине и том, как все это работает. Подробные ответы на все вопросы квиза можно найти на сайте BITCOIN TRANSLATED , и нашем телеграм каналеУчись вместе с нами, чтобы стать на шаг ближе к собственному финансовому суверенитету.Квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг” was originally published in BITCOIN TRAN…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Четвертого мая новостное агентство CNBC опубликовало статью, заголовок которой попросту не мог не привлечь внимания ни одного здравомыслящего экономиста. При этом, очередные три ТРИЛЛИОНА долларов уже не кажутся чем-то необычным в соответствии со всеми программами количественного смягчения, повышениями экономических стимулов, выкупами долгов крупнейших корпораций и “вертолетными деньгами”. А что касается подобных заголовков, то они становятся ни чем иным, как очередной историей, вря…

Перевод эссе Фила Бонелло “The Sovereign Individual” Investment Thesis от 12 ноября 2019 г. переведен биткоинером Tony ₿Информационные технологии влияют на глобальную динамику распространения власти несколькими ключевыми способами:Мгновенное распространение информации снижает коммерческие и юрисдикционные барьеры как для ее получения, так и для передачи. Это способствует росту конкуренции благодаря стимулированию предпринимательства на глобальном уровне.Создание неправительственных цифровых денег уменьшает влияние инфляции и налогообложения. Финансовые сервисы также получают возможность упрощенного выхода на глобальную арену.Шифрование снижает стоимость обеспечения безопасности. Вместе с те…

You’ll probably get lost from time to time, but if I'm doing my job, you’ll still get the gist of it.

You'll notice this course is completely free, and there's a specific reason why I want it to be free.

Those are just APIs, specifications, and libraries—so long as you understand the core ideas behind how they work, you'll be able to figure out the details on your own.

Each lesson will have self-serve assignments tied to the course, both coding assignments and multiple choice questions to test your comprehension.

The term project will be to create your own fully-fledged cryptocurrency.

By analogy, we are currently experiencing a Cambrian Explosion in the field of cryptographic proofs of computational integrity (CI), a subset of which include zero knowledge proofs.

The purpose of this post is to identify the common denominators of all CI systems implemented in code and discuss a few differentiating factors.

Takeaway: symmetric CI systems can arithmetize over any field, leading to greater efficiency.

¹ The term ZKP is often misused to refer to all CI systems, even ones that are not, formally, ZKPs.

To avoid this confusion we use the loosely defined terms of “crypto proofs” and “computational integrity (CI) proofs”.

In addition to scalability, I think we’ll also see privacy integrated into one of the dominant chains in the 2020s.

These crypto startups will have the challenge that all startups have: making something people want.

In the 2020’s, I think we will see cryptocurrency adoption in emerging markets scale to hundreds of millions of users, with at least one country “tipping” so that the majority of transactions in their economy happen in cryptocurrency.

During the 2020’s I think we’ll see the cryptocurrency market structure evolve to more closely resemble the traditional financial world, with these functions being separated out from a legal and regulatory point of view.

By shifting cryptocurrency …

As such, it will become widely recognized as the flag of technology over the course of the 2020s.

To understand this claim, we need to define what "technology" is, what a "flag" would mean in this context, and why Bitcoin would be chosen as that flag.

Bitcoin: an ideological flag and a Schelling pointRecall that not every flag represents a geographical entity.

Bitcoin also becomes a flag in another sense: a rallying point, a Schelling point for an entrepreneurial community.

Bitcoin encodes the values of TechnologyBut when the global tech community rallies around the flag of Bitcoin, what exactly is it getting behind?

Bitcoin is a system that automates the continual discovery of consensus amongst its participants.

Bitcoin seeks to address the root problem with conventional currency: all the trust that’s required to make it work .

There are, unfortunately, many known threats to the privacy of Bitcoin users and as a result, Bitcoin in its current state is far from perfectly fungible.

ConvergenceAny two Bitcoin clients, if they connect to a single honest peer, should eventually converge on the same chain tip.

As an example, Bitcoin ABC broke this principle by instituting a 10 block maximum chain reorganization rule.

And that principle is this: when building mechanisms that decide high-stakes outcomes, it’s very important for those mechanisms to be credibly neutral.

Note that it is not just neutrality that is required here, it is credible neutrality.

Hence, the principle of credible neutrality, must also be augmented with another idea, the principle of efficacy.

Sometimes, this even means that if a credibly neutral mechanism to solve some problem has not yet been found, an imperfectly neutral mechanism should be adopted in the short term.

Credibly neutral mechanisms for solving many kinds of problems do exist in theory, and need to be developed and improved in practice.

States cannot be trusted with absolute power, and power over money is their best weapon in controlling people and spreading misery.

And when we get going about sound money, and the idea that fiat money = misery, therefore cryptocurrencies = freedom and happiness, it just sounds insane to them.

We are not interested in it.”It took smart people years to understand the power of the Internet, and it will take smart people years to understand the power of crypto currencies.

Or any of thousands of other experiments being conducted by smart people trying to do their own thing.

Like the Internet, crypto currencies and other blockchain experiments can be used for good or evil.

In this beginner’s guide to decentralized finance (“DeFi”) we review the following:Stablecoins.

Decentralized lending.

And these smart contract lego pieces can even create completely new concepts that haven’t been explored in the traditional world.

Another potential issue is that the interest rate volatility on many DeFi platforms could make it impractical for someone to participate.

With that said, these hedging methods themselves are in their infancy, and add smart contract risk of their own.

Meanwhile, from the perspective of crypto outsiders (including many people, banks, and governments), anything concerning crypto is scary—no one controls it!—and decidedly not pragmatic.

First, we offered secure and simple crypto storage, which amounted to centrally storing decentralized currency.

Second, we allowed people to purchase Bitcoin and Ether, which meant buying crypto with fiat currency.

And you definitely created more crypto users overall by providing storage capabilities than by offloading that to the user.

Indeed, some advanced crypto users were quick to point out that self-custody is “simple” to do.

The solution then was an encrypted web-browsing protocol for the public internet called HTTPS.

We've developed a conceptually similar solution today for encrypted transactions on a public blockchain, called Zcash.

In a fully shielded Zcash transaction, the timestamp is public, but no information about sender, receiver, or amount is public.

Like HTTPS, fully shielded Zcash transactions prevent eavesdropping and protect financial privacy.

Just as HTTPS became standard on the public internet to protect credit card transactions, we believe strong encryption will in time become standard on public blockchains to protect cryptocurrency transactions.

Adan (Association for the Development of Digital Assets), is an organization which helps promote the development of the crypto industry in France, and more broadly in Europe.

The European Commission has released a regulatory proposal, MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets), which falls under The Digital Finance Package.

The Adan team have been working hard to understand, dissect and establish positions with regards to this regulation.

The scope of this MiCA is vast, and it covers nearly every type of activity which relates to cryptocurrencies, utility tokens, stablecoins, and security tokens in Europe.

We chat to Simon who explains what the draft proposal means and the effects it will have on the …

Multicoin Capital is a thesis-driven investment firm that invests in cryptocurrencies, tokens, and blockchain companies.

They manage a hedge fund and a venture fund, investing across both public and private markets.

They are extremely bullish on smart contract platforms and DeFi is one of their main areas of focus.

They’ve invested in several projects and companies such as Algorand, Arweave, Nervos, Skale, Solana, to name a few.

Kyle Samani, Co-founder and Managing Partner, joins us back on the show to share not only how Multicoin has changed since then, but also the cryptoasset industry as a whole.

Sögur, formerly known as Saga, aims to provide a global digital currency that acts as a store of value, a unit of account, and a medium of exchange. It is not impacted by any single nation state agenda and complements national currencies. And it is governed by its holders.The SGR is Sögur's digital coin. It's built to provide a self-sustaining, democratic and global currency. It uses a bonding curve market maker, which is modelled to control and mitigate volatility exposure and value loss when market conditions are fast-changing and unpredictable. All whilst creating an opportunity for sustainable intrinsic value growth. SGR holders are the currency decision makers, and enjoy democratic vot…

Hidden Forces is a podcast devoted to exploring the underlying forces driving the most powerful changes we see in the world.

Demetri Kofinas, host of the show, holds conversations with some of the most brilliant minds in technology, finance, social science, and the hard sciences.

Also the role of central banks going forward in this new reality in which we live.

He has some very interesting views there.

Demetri does not hold back on what he wants to say, so this was a fun and interesting conversation which we are sure you will enjoy too!

LazyLedger is a scalable general-purpose data availability layer for decentralized apps and trust-minimized sidechains.

Layer Two systems were being built on top of Bitcoin and were leveraging Bitcoin’s consensus layer.

This is what LazyLedger is doing, although it is purpose built and scalable for the exact use case.

The implementation details are a lot more complex, and the vision is to create a modular pluggable Layer One that does nothing but consensus and data availability.

It is designed for people who want to create their blockchain without consensus.

Camila Russo is a financial journalist, starting her career writing for Chile's largest national newspaper. She then spent 8 years at Bloomberg covering the Argentine market from Buenos Aires, the European stocks from Madrid, and analysed macro emerging markets moves for the Markets Live blog in New York. She is the founder of the Defiant and recently wrote and released a book on the foundations of Ethereum, “The Infinite Machine”. This tells the story of how 19-year-old coding genius Vitalik Buterin led a “ragtag group of feuding hackers with no business plan and no live product” to pioneer a whole new way of raising money, on a platform that’s grown to a value of $27 billion. It is being …

NuCypher is a decentralized threshold cryptography network offering interfaces and runtimes for secrets management and dynamic access control.

They are currently in testnet but once launched you will be able to use NuCypher to carry out proxy re-encryption.

Proxy re-encryption is a cryptographic method that allows you to delegate re-encryption of data to a third party and in this case validators in the NuCypher network.

With this method you issue a re-encryption key that is assigned to a specific public key and a third party has the ability to re-encrypt data for that third party to decrypt.

In this case the NuCypher network acts as the third party service.

Gauntlet is a simulation platform for building financial models of blockchain protocols and applications.

Their platform uses machine learning methods to simulate different environments with various user behaviors and see how the system holds up in those conditions.

Tarun Chitra, CEO & Founder of Gauntlet, talks about his previous life in chip manufacturing and how he built Gauntlet.

He also goes deep into the machine learning and statistical analysis involved with Gauntlet.

It is quite a fascinating concept and when applied to blockchain systems, there is huge potential for this to become something that is expected by users, investors, and the community for new protocols.

Celo has a clear mission – to build a financial system that creates the conditions for prosperity, for everyone.

The Celo Foundation is a non-profit organization that supports the growth and development of the open-source, decentralized Celo Platform.

Guided by the Celo community tenets, the Foundation contributes to education, technical research, environmental health, community engagement, and ecosystem outreach.

These activities support and encourage an inclusive financial system that solves real-world problems such as lack of access to sound currency, or friction for cash-transfer programs aimed to alleviate poverty.

Rene Reinsberg and Marek Olszewski, founders of Celo, talk about how th…

Republic is an investment platform that allows anyone pretty much anywhere in the world, of any income and net worth, to invest in some of the best private equity startups. It allows regular people, not just a few wealthy accredited investors, to invest in highly vetted private startups, with as little as $10 or as much as $100,000 per investment.In the past, accredited investors were the only ones allowed to invest in startups through equity-based incentives. However the JOBS Act of 2016 created an exemption under the federal securities laws so that crowdfunding can be used to offer and sell securities to the general public. Republic launched just after the JOBS Act was passed with a goal …

Republic is an investment platform that allows anyone pretty much anywhere in the world, of any income and net worth, to invest in some of the best private equity startups. It allows regular people, not just a few wealthy accredited investors, to invest in highly vetted private startups, with as little as $10 or as much as $100,000 per investment.In the past, accredited investors were the only ones allowed to invest in startups through equity-based incentives. However the JOBS Act of 2016 created an exemption under the federal securities laws so that crowdfunding can be used to offer and sell securities to the general public. Republic launched just after the JOBS Act was passed with a goal …

SKALE Network's modular protocol is one of the first of its kind to allow developers to build application specific blockchains. These are interoperable and compatible with the Ethereum mainchain, and the entire Ethereum ecosystem. They provide the benefits of decentralization without compromising on computation, storage, or security.The focus of SKALE Network is slightly different to other scaling solutions, many of which we have had on the show in the past. SKALE Network aims to scale smart contracts, not necessarily transaction throughput. Think of it as a highly performant Ethereum as a service side chain, where developers can deploy their own app specific blockchains. Within the scale n…

Ampleforth is a cryptocurrency attempting to become an essential building block to an alternative financial ecosystem. The protocol’s native token, AMPL, is a non collateralized cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, but with a twist: It is supply elastic. This means the token and protocol will automatically increase or decrease the quantity of tokens held in user wallets based on 24 hour weighted volume price. AMPL operates as an ERC-20 token on top of the Ethereum blockchain. Some claim that the Ampleforth protocol’s implementation of “countercyclical” economic policy makes it a good complimentary collateral because they posit that this mechanism ought to give AMPL a low correlation to the likes o…

Balancer is a generalized automated market maker (AMM) protocol built on Ethereum. It allows anyone to create or add liquidity to customizable pools and earn trading fees. On one side there are liquidity providers (LPs) that generally seek to balance their holdings, and they get rewarded with trading fees. On the other side, traders that are looking for the best rate possible.One way to look at Balancer is as a generalization of Uniswap, however Balancer pools aren't restricted to the same 50/50 split between 2 tokens. A Balancer pool can support up to 8 tokens with any weights. It supports smart order routing which ensures trades get sent to the pools which provide the best rate possible. …

Click to download audio versionJoin Adam B. Levine, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Jonathan Mohan for another wide-ranging discussion on the messy reality in which bitcoin and blockchains intersect real life.

Note: We're changing up our distribution as we get ready for our next marathon of growth!

subscribe to the show-only subscriber feed today to make sure you don't miss any episodes.

On this episode we discuss the significance of a recent, seemingly innocuous letter released by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency...

Shownotes:Caitlin's twitter thread https://twitter.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1286226852244160512Preston's twitter thread https://twitter.com/prestonjby…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of a major Twitter compromise that impacted a broad swathe of the largest, most influential accounts, join Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Adam B. Levine for a dive into the crazy series of events, what impact it has on bitcoin, decentralization and more.

Views: 2,937

There's nothing more political than money because money affects everything else, and yet Bitcoin works.

What’s the value in the US and western Europe compared to the value in less developed parts of the world?

Does being part of the bitcoin community make you politically affiliated, or represent a distinct political viewpoint?

What I like about Bitcoin is it's a way to be a part of neither game.

So it's a failure on two sides at the same time..." - Jonathan MohanCreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Adam B. Levine and Jonathan Mohan.

Click to download audio versionOn today’s episode of Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

According to Richard, Bitcoin’s Lightning is a what’s needed to make mobile mesh networks catch on by bootstrapping on top of the payment routing infrastructure.

“…the Lightning network currently sends payments from A to B to C and then all those intermediate nodes can connect a small fee if the payment is delivered at the end.

All we’re doing is saying ‘Not only [can you send] a payment, but [you can send] a small message.

Lot49 is custom communication protocol that’s optimized for mesh.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

That luxury is pretty concentrated in just a few places in the world and at some point you can't afford that luxury of apathy.

- Andreas M. Antonopoulos, LTB!

#437CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Music provided by Jared Rubens, FromEther and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Inspired by a recent article in the Atlantic, in today's wide-ranging discussion the hosts of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

If Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

Government surveillance vs. private surveillance provided to the governmentWhat we learned from Edward SnowdenDoes China commercialize surveillance?

Censorship as controlling access to the publishing of information vs. controlling what is amplified vs. how much reach it has.

CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Click to download audio versionAlthough some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Although some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Click to download audio versionOn today's show we've got a pair of interviews for you.

First we speak with John Cantrell, the author of Juggernaut, a new messaging layer 3 application being built on top of layer 2 lightning network, which is itself built on top of layer one bitcoin.

It's a lot of layers, but as a technological concept currently in beta it's a fascinating project, and we talk about it.

(Juggernaut on Github)After the break we're joined again by Alex Gladstein of HRF.org for a discussion on political expediency in the age of pandemic and what crisis has revealed about various governments, and different types of governments around the world.

- Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Of…

Click to download audio versionIn Today's discussion we'll briefly talk about some of the knock-on, or second order affects which the coronavirus disruption is having on our world today, and which may continue into the future.

Then for the meat of the show we'll dig into specific areas where bitcoin could, or perhaps is being improved with the creator of one of the most impactful peer to peer technologies in the world today.

The end of “Bus Mode” for Lyft and UberAutonomous vehicles, grocery deliveries and the last mile problemTampons, cocktail sausages and a very weird monthThis episode is sponsored by eToroA friendly government delivery service?

Is it viable to farm with AWS?

Today's show…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of the so-called "Black Thursday" crash from several weeks ago, MakerDAO's "DAI" ethereum backed dollar pegged stablecoin came untethered and was, for a time at least, functionally insolvent.

In the aftermath, holders of the MKR token which allows holders to participate in governance decisions opted to do a couple of things, including adding the centralized stablecoin USDC to the list of acceptable collateral, which drew both condemnations mostly around centralized risk being added to the system and praise for making the system more robust against sudden ETH collateral price crashes.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin we're discussing the coming bailout-everything regime in a topic that's both extremely timely but is also what originally forced many long-term bitcoin enthusiasts to learn about money and become interested in cryptocurrency originally.

And more...Today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

featured Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine.

This episode was sponsored by eToro.com and featured music by Jared Rubens and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Photo by Tim Foster on UnsplashViews: 3,253

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode we're joined by early investor and entrepreneur David Johnston to discuss:A new "consensus based" alternative to "reserve based", "game theory based", or trusted oracle based StablecoinsThe growing relevance of DeFi even for those who aren't using itJohnston's Law six years later, how far we've come and real reasons for optimism on the decentralized evolution of everything.

Click to download audio versionEarlier this week the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Show gathered to discuss Coronavirus and its potential impacts or disruptions to the decentralized world of bitcoin.

On today's podcast we discuss Coronavirus and:

Credits for LTB#428This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode featured Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine for a hot minute.

Today's episode was produced by Adam B. Levine, edited by Jonas with music provided by Jared Rubens, From Ether Music and general fuzz.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]

Click to download audio versionOn Today's Show...With the price of bitcoin headed up again, the idea of blockchains and digital currencies has never been more palatable to the mainstream.

Episode Credits:This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Music for today's episode was provided by Jared Rubens and Gurty Beats, with editing by Jonas.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]Have any questions or comments?

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 25: Unprecedented: Rules Without RulersAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

He has published “The Internet of Money” series of books, which focus on the social, political, and economic importance and implications of these technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses the word of the season, unprecedented.

Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented job losses, unprecedented incompetence.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 24: Open Blockchain Development CultureAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses open blockchain development culture.

Is there a right way to build open blockchain software?

This talk was delivered on December 12th, 2019 for the La Bit Conf Latin American Bitcoin and Blockchain conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 23: One Network, Many ChainsAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “One Network, Many Chains,” Andreas explores why he believes we are headed towards one internet of money, interoperability between many chains satisfying different objectives.

He also discusses cycles of infrastructure and application growth, the value of scarce attention, standardization, and how scaling never ends.

This talk was delivered on October 23rd 2019 for the Blockstack Summit at SFJAZZ Center in San Francisco, California.

This series is c…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 22: Unstoppable Code – The Difference Between Can’t and Won’tAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Unstoppable Code: The Difference Between Can’t and Won’t,” Andreas argues that what is interesting about both Bitcoin and Ethereum is unstoppable code.

Cryptography and decentralized systems are defensive mechanisms to assert and enforce our human rights.

What is the unstoppable code worth running?

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 21: Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis BlockadeAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis Blockade,” Andreas recounts the origins of Bitcoin and the meaning of the message that was embedded forever in its genesis block.

Now he focuses on the financial blockade against WikiLeaks and who the banks truly serve, while trying to leave us none the wiser and with no other choices.

This talk took place on August 6th 2018 at ‘The Internet of Money Tour’ at the Hilton Denver Inverness in Colorad…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 20: Investing in Education Instead of SpeculationAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Investing in Education Instead of Speculation,” Andreas explains how education and training in the Bitcoin and open blockchain space can enrich your life in a sustainable way.

Unlike speculating on a basket of crypto-assets and tokens, investing in skills is permanent, transferable across chains, and empowering.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Monthly…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 19: Bubble Boy and the Sewer RatAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bubble Boy and the Sewer Rat,”Andreas delivers a whimsical security analysis of the open, public and decentralized Bitcoin system, compared to the closed, proprietary and centralized alternatives.

He argues that the strategy of security by isolation has consequences for the ability of any computer system to build immunity.

While it may not be pretty, being constantly exposed and attacked in the wild open internet will help Bitcoin achieve censo…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 18: Bitcoin and the Banks – Five Stages of GriefAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin and the Banks: Five Stages of Grief,”Andreas examines the rise of “Blockchain” as an attempt by the banking status quo to dilute the disruptive potential of Bitcoin by removing its most interesting features.

He argues that this is one symptom of a multi-stage grief process that banks will inevitably transition through as they try to come to terms with Bitcoin and the new open blockchain ecosystem.

This talk was delivered…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Magistrate judge Zia Faruqui, and Jessi Brooks, assistant U.S. attorney in the national security section at the United States Attorney’s Office, have prosecuted several cryptocurrency-related cases, many of them amongst[...]

The post How This DOJ Strike Force Hunts Down Cryptocurrency Criminals appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Hester Peirce, AKA “Crypto Mom,” was just confirmed to a second term as SEC Commissioner of the Securities Exchange Commission in August. In this episode, she talks about: the reasons[...]

The post SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce on BitMEX, DeFi and a Token Safe Harbor appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Sam Bankman-Fried, the CEO of FTX and Alameda Research, and Anatoly Yakovenko, the co-founder and CEO of Solana Labs, discuss the Project Serum ecosystem that they are building on the Solana blockchain, and the unique approach to scaling the Solana blockchain is taking.

In this episode, they talk about:their backgrounds, and how they became involved in cryptowhy Solana takes a different approach to scaling and how it is implementedwhy they think a relatively lower number of nodes is sufficient to protect from attacks or collusionwhat the vision for Solana is, who they see using it, and how Serum fits into that visionwhy they think there haven’t been more crypto projects migrating to Solana …

Andreas M. Antonopoulos, speaker, educator, and the author of Mastering Bitcoin, Mastering Ethereum, and The Internet of Money, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, and Dan Held, growth lead at Kraken Digital Asset Exchange, discuss the core features of Bitcoin’s monetary policy, including how it differs from traditional central bank monetary policy, what gives it value and yet how it seems to have derived value from thin air.

Plus, we talk about how the coronavirus pandemic will affect Bitcoin.

In this episode, we cover:how monetary policy in general is definedthe core feature of Bitcoin’s monetary policy, and how it differs from previous forms of moneythe similarities and differences between Bitcoin and …

Matthew Leising, a reporter at Bloomberg who began covering crypto in 2015, is out with a new book Out of the Ether: The Amazing Story of Ethereum and the $55 Million Heist that Almost Destroyed It All.

In this episode, he discusses:the catalyst that led to him writing his new book, which covers the early history of Ethereum and the DAO attack of 2016why he thought the story of the DAO hack was compelling enough to make a book, and how he went about reporting itthe surprising things he learned about Ethereum’s early days and Vitalikthe twists and turns during his quest to discover the identity of the DAO attackerwhy he thinks separate people were responsible for the two biggest DAO attacksh…

Andre Cronje, the developer of yearn.finance, talks about all things DeFi and the past, present, and future of yEarn.

In this episode, he discusses:what Yearn Finance is, and what led him to develop it and eventually open it to the publichis history and background, leading up to the development of Yearnthe processes and mechanisms involved in yEarn v1 and yEarn v2why he decided to do a “fair launch” of the YFI token, despite being in debt as a result of building Yearnwhy he felt that a Decrypt article about him in August was a “horrible hatchet job”why he disagrees with what he sees as the current anti-VC narrativehis thoughts on the phenomenal rise in YFI’s price and why the price of a YFI…

Olaf Carlson-Wee, the founder and CEO of Polychain Capital, goes deep into yield farming, fair launches and how decentralization will upend the traditional notion of the corporation.

In this episode, he talks about:when it makes sense for a team to introduce a liquidity mining scheme, and when it doesn’tthe difference between yield farming and ICOs when it comes to investinghis thoughts on YFI, as well as YAM, and the pace at which unaudited DeFi projects aremoving forwardthe three advantages he sees in automated market makers as opposed to centralizedexchangeshis thoughts on Uniswap and SushiSwap and why he’s not sure Uniswap will make a tokenhis thoughts on fair launches and whether he th…

Haseeb Qureshi, managing partner at Dragonfly Capital, and Dan Robinson, research partner at Paradigm, discuss the explosion in decentralized exchange activity on automated market makers from $1 billion earlier this year to more than $10 billion in August.

Why trading in automated market makers has 8xed in a few monthshow automated market makers work, and how specific dexes can specialize for the assets being traded on themwhy traders would prefer to trade on a dex vs. a centralized exchangehow incentivized pools have drawn traders and liquiditywhy trading on a dex seems can be more appealing than on a centralized exchangewhy trading on dexes now mirrors trading on Binance in 2017how “DeFi …

In order for an economy to work, money supply has to continue to increase.

You know, gold and silver have the highest stock-to-flows and they were the only moneys chosen on the market.

If bitcoin was the only money and the money supply was fixed then it would only appreciate compared to goods based on how much those goods supply increases, so when we have economic growth bitcoin appreciates slightly.

Well, not like we have a choice but you know, bitcoin just proceeds and fewer coins are out there.

Saifedean Ammous:I think really there are only…well, not only but the two most important metrics…now well, I’ll add a third, three.

So, bitcoin becomes much more of a fabric and so more survivable, but it’s not as good from a privacy kind of point of view.

I think bitcoin adds one other dimension, which was not something I was focusing on before.

So, you could call that kind of bitcoin 0.5 if you’d like, you know, the bitcoin zero without a proof-of-work.

So when you look at these different forces, where do you think bitcoin is headed next?

As somebody from a computer science background, that’s really a very interesting artifact from the world.

Finn Brunton is the author of “Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency.” In this episode, they tackle the history of digital currency.

Laura Shin:To really understand the history of digital currency we need to know who the people were who were interested in creating digital currency.

Well, maybe the answer is a Hashcash-like tool that can, like slow down, or moderate, or demand work for the production of digital money.

I really, really appreciate that you guys both came to discuss it.

To learn more about the history of digital currency check out the show notes for this episode.

Laura Shin:And then what either types of companies or transactions would not be covered by the Travel Rule?

So countries will, and already are, starting to put their own gold plating to those baseline rules, but looking just at your question around the Travel Rule, the Travel Rule is not unique to crypto.

Another challenge…and you know, there’s a lot of technical detail around it.

Okay, so where can people learn more about each of you and your companies and also about the Travel Rule?

So that’s TRISA, so Travel Rule Information Sharing Alliance, dot I-O, and you can find GitHub over there to get open source.

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, shares his thoughts on the five-year anniversary of Ethereum, challenges with ETH 2.0 and criticisms about DeFi.

Vitalik Buterin:Figuring out what’s actually valuable is such a tough thing, right.

That kind of push toward taking Eth as monetary property is more seriously…was definitely not an Ethereum foundation thing, right.

Vitalik Buterin:No, I definitely think price is important for security and is important for a lot of things.

Vitalik Buterin:Yeah, so I think there’s different ways to look at Central Bank digital currencies.

But Ethereum, you know, people didn’t really know much about it beyond, you know, it’s a platform for ICOs.

So Bloomberg gave me a few months of book leave and that was amazing, I’m really grateful to them.

And yeah, it kind of like made Ethereum feel I think kind of more war tested after that happened.

So, yeah, that’s my idea with The Defiant, to build it into a trustworthy content platform for decentralized finance.

So, I think…I don’t think that’s been achieved yet, but that would be like an interesting model to try out.

About this EpisodeIn this episode we chat with John Adler, co-founder of Lazy Ledger and Fuel Labs.

We compare Optimistic Rollups and ZK Rollups as well as discuss how Ethereum, specifically Eth1, could look over the next few years.

We also talk about the data availability challenge in blockchains and how Lazy Ledger aims to solve this.

Video: "Scaling Ethereum in 2020 and Beyond" - Vitalik ButerinSome additional thoughts from John on Eth1Thanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

Known for their security reviews, including work with zero knowledge proofs as well as having implemented zero-knowledge access passes with the distributed storage system, Tahoe-LAFS.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna continues to dig into the topic of NFTs through her chat with Alex Salnikov, co-founder & chief product officer at Rarible.

They talk about the project, the link between NFTs and DeFi concepts, how the NFT space is developing, novel use cases and more.

Trail of Bits has published a new guide for building secure contracts with their Crytic offering.

Crytic is a SaaS-based GitHub application created by Trail of Bits that continuously assures your Ethereum smart contracts are safe and functional.

It reports build status on every commit and runs a suite of security analyses so you get immediate security feedback.

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we chat with Dieter Shirley, CTO Dapper Labs, Chief Architect of Flow Blockchain, and co-creator of CryptoKitties.

We go back to look at the history of CryptoKitties, the NFT standard, what pushed Dapper Labs to build their own blockchain, how Flow works and what’s next.

Here are a few useful links:The Path to an ERC standard where we look at the path to the ERC721 standard as an example.

It uses blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography to deliver a web experience that is both personal and private.

Aleo has released Developer Preview I, an early peek at what the future of the web will look like.

About this EpisodeThis is a short bonus chat to Episode 148 "Tale of the Sushi(swap)".

Tarun, Hasu and Anna reconvene to wrap up the story of Governance Tokens, Sushiswap and the Uniswap token distribution.

Be sure to first listen to"Tale of the Sushi(swap) - Part 1""Tale of the Sushi(swap) - Part 2" on the uncommoncore podcastIf you like what we do, be sure to check out the Zero Knowledge Podcast Gitcoin Grant - CLR matching is happening now!

https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast

This story acts as a fascinating case study as well as a cautionary tale for moat-less protocols.

This episode is the 1st of 2 parts, with the 2nd part airing on Hasu's Uncommon Core podcast.

In this part, we cover the definition of governance tokens and the first half of the sushi swap story.

They are a team of security researchers, open source developers, privacy advocates, cryptographers who specialize in security audits, design specification reviews, and security-by-design.

Known for their security reviews, including work with zero knowledge proofs as well as having implemented zero-knowledge access passes with the distributed storage system, Tahoe-LAFS.

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we catch up with Vishwanath Raman, Privacy Architect at Oasis Labs where he works on privacy and confidentiality technologies for Direct to Consumer and Business to Business use cases.

His interest and experience span formal methods, applied machine learning, security, and privacy.

Using a combination of secure computing and privacy technologies, the Oasis Network enables data owners to take control of their data and treat their data as a digital asset via data tokenization.

They provide privacy as a service and use secure enclaves and differential privacy in order build a platform for a responsible data economy.

We dive into the way the Oasis system is ar…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s special episode, we flip the script and invite our friend Alexandra Heller to ask ZKPodcast co-hosts Anna & Fredrik some questions from the audience.. It’s a bit of a different format, so hope you will enjoy!

It uses blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography to deliver a web experience that is both personal and private.

With Aleo, developers can write private applications, without a background in blockchains or expertise in cryptography.

The release introduces a new programming language called Leo, a new community-driven package manager for Leo, and a new development environment or IDE called Aleo Studio.

We recently had Howard Wu, a co-founder of Aleo, on …

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna and Fredrik catch up with Jordi Baylina, co-founder of Iden3, the creator of Circom & SnarkJS.

Jordi has an amazing story, which we got to explore in this episode, so thanks again Jordi for being on the show!

The best way to get noticed for this role is to familiarise yourself with Substrate - the platform built by Parity to make building blockchains much much easier.

So go check out the substrate libraries and then head over to parity.io/jobs to find out moreThanks again Parity for sponsoring this episode!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we invite Howard Wu back to the show to share more about his new project Aleo - a privacy-focused blockchain that enables fully private applications.

Howard's previous ZKPodcast episode, Introduction to zkSNARKs, remains one of our most popular episodes to date!

The project enables private applications with both data privacy and functional privacy - where the nature of the program running and all activity remains private.

Least Authority is a security consulting company known for their dedication to privacy-respecting solutions and boundary-pushing technology.

If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on Yout…

About this EpisodeIn this episode we chat with Josh Cincinnati, the former executive director of Zcash Foundation.

We cover Josh's career before Zcash, his work at the foundation, the important role privacy plays in crypto and the challenges of decentralised governance.

We also discuss his decision to leave the foundation, Zcash Foundation's philosophy of transparency, his hopes for the future of the Zcash community, his next steps and why he thinks people in crypto may wanna take themselves a bit less serious and remember to have some fun!

Here are some additional links:As mentioned in the intro, the ZkValidator.com is now live on 3 networks: Cosmos, Kusama and, as of this month, Polkadot.…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, Anna and guest host Georgios chat with Hasu, an independent crypto researcher focused on economics and security, about elastic block size proposals in both Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Trail of Bits found a bug in yVault that would have allowed an attacker to drain most (if not all) of the pool's assets.

They quickly reported the bug to the yVault team and were able to secure the roughly $400K USD held in the system.

For example, If you integrate multiple tokens, any one token could compromise the security of your entire platform.

On the other hand, if you integrate multiple platforms, your protocol could suffer from complex interactions.

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we chat with Brian Gu, a student at MIT and creator of the Dark Forest game.

We chat about education, blockchain based games and what inspired his work on the Dark Forest game.

We then dig into how this game creates an incomplete information game space by using zkSNARKs to create a “cryptographic fog of war” and more!

As described on their blog, Dark Forest is an MMO space-conquest game where players discover and conquer planets in an infinite, procedurally-generated, cryptographically-specified universe.

They are currently looking for a technical writer to help the Least Authority team write security research and audit reports, open source technica…

About this Episode** Be sure to visit our ZKPodcast subreddit and leave us some questions for the upcoming AMA!

**In this week’s episode, Anna and guest-host / frequent guest Tarun Chitra catch up with Alex Evans, researcher at Placeholder Capital.

They dive into the latest in DeFi, a topic that we don't cover too often, but has become hard to ignore.

Specifically they discuss the emergence of liquidity farming, the difference between the zkresearch space and the DeFi space, some emerging concepts like AMM and Staking derivatives, and cover a recent report Tarun and Alex published together on the impact of staking derivatives on the security of PoS systems.

Here are a few of the articles an…

About this Episode** Check out the ZKPodcast subreddit and share some comments/questions for our upcoming AMA **This week, we catch up with Benedikt Bunz and Ben Fisch, PhD students at Stanford, once again.

In this episode, we dive deeper into Findora, a project that was co-founded by Ben (who is also the CTO) and where Benedikt works as the Head of Research.

We look at what the Findora project is, discuss the "selective disclosure" concept at the heart of their constructions, explore the balance between transparency and privacy and describe what problems Findora aims to solve.

For some background on our guests, check out these previous episode with Benedikt Bunz on Bulletproofs and Ben Fis…

Вадим Нестеренко — продакт-менеджер в компании Atomica.

Вадим рассказал нам, кто такой продакт-менеджер, каковы особенности его работы в блокчейн-стартапе и какие продукты лучшие на сегодняшнем крипторынке.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

и спонсоров: , , !

а также майнинг и proof-of-stakeСсылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

HodlHodl Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсуждаем перспективы биткоина в Африке, вопросы верификации и KYC, а также удивительную экономику трансграничных переводов при помощи подарочных карт.

18:30 поддержка альтернативных криптовалют21:50 почему Paxful фокусируется на Африке?

30:20 благотворительные проекты Paxful в Африке35:10 экономика подарочных карт: как африканские мигранты в США переводят деньги на родину?

1:15:00 микрокредиты на Paxful?

1:30:20 приходите работать в Paxful!

Алексей – соавтор DeFi-протоколов Neutrino и Gravity, являющихся альтернативой широко известному проекту MakerDAO, но в экосистеме Waves.

На экосистеме различие не заканчивается: во-первых, сама суть того, за счёт чего обеспечивается стабильность токена, в Neutrino несколько иная; во-вторых, есть много позитивных моментов в том, что протокол разрабатывается на Тьюринг-неполном языке RIDE.

Об этих различиях, а также о планах проекта мы поговорили в выпуске.

Сегодня вместе с Алексом Романовым, CTO Beam, мы выясняем, как Beam «вылечили» уязвимость протокола MimbleWimble к сетевым атакам и начали строить децентрализованную финансовую систему без ончейн-вычислений.

Заодно обсуждаем новинки в протоколе Beam: платежные каналы и атомарные свопы.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Зарегистрируйтесь и получите скидку на комиссию!

Проект сейчас развивается в русскоязычном комьюнити, у них есть группа в Telegram (@solanarus), в Вконтакте у них есть даже группа.

Всем, кому интересно, можете просто пройти ниже по ссылке, посмотреть про Wasabi или про Samourai, что это такое и как это работает.

Всё, это не ваши деньги, и там они, соответственно, уже могут и помешать, и сделать всё что угодно.

Мы, наверное, сейчас как следующей темой поговорим, что мы будем делать дальше, что у нас будет privacy pool.

С точки зрения Tornado на сегодняшний день мы не имеем какой-либо коммерческой заинтересованности, с точки зрения мы не ранаем релееров и мы не имеем никакого профита вообще с Tornado Cash.

Например, торговлю фьючерсами, то есть то, что сейчас называют DeFi, но ещё оно было централизованное.

То есть они тогда занимались больше маркетингом, то есть они вообще боялись что-то трогать.

То есть, есть люди, которые более успешно получают финансирование.

Поэтому у нас есть два уровня, то есть еще есть провайдеры, которые реально известны, которые отвечают за свои действия, то есть чистые Proof of Stake.

Мы есть в YouTube, мы есть в Twitter, подкаст есть на всех доступных подкаст-платформах, мы везде называемся «Базовый Блок» или Basicblockradio.

То есть, в принципе, надо обязательно контролить секрет обязательно во всех блокчейнах – и в Bitcoin, и в Ethereum, если мы рассматриваем своп биткоин-эфир.

То, что в первую очередь торгуется, то, что интересно пользователям другим, то есть такой у нас приоритет.

То есть там целый скрипт надо предъявить, то есть когда ты открываешь подпись.

Это немножко не то, это не свопы.

По поводу вопроса…Сергей Тихомиров: Что на что, какие валюты чаще всего меняют на какие?

Китайские майнеры давным-давно, в том числе, строят фермы и в Канаде, точно также они строят в Вашингтоне, в Штатах.

Я не знаю, Bitcoin Core разработчикам вообще интересен халвинг и его влияние, или все просто продолжается по-прежнему?

Можно было бы майнерам, которые захватили 51% на неделю, договориться что-то сделать, поменять… Ну, не на неделю, на день.

Вот у нас будет халвинг завтра, а следующий халвинг будет примерно еще через 4 года, скажем, в 2024 году.

Что думаешь, что изменится и что не изменится за 4 года?

И вот я начал с написания новостей и статей, потом разные другие штуки мы делали вместе, и вот сейчас делаем англоязычную версию.

И вот он был одним из пионеров и не бросил это, занимался этим достаточно долго и серьёзно, и это принесло плоды.

Константин Голубев: Я не знаю юридических всех моментов…Ник Штерингард: Я не уверен, вот я лично.

И какая разница, кто из нас поговорит, если у нас есть этот материал и мы можем его опубликовать и на русском, и на английском.

Я не знаю, я не прогнозирую ничего и не люблю прогнозировать.

Токен уже торгуется, проект поддерживает русскоязычное коммьюнити, отвечает на все вопросы на сайте, и в Телеграмме, и Вк Solanarus.

Проводится в MIT, MIT давно и активно участвует в биткоин-экосистеме и в блокчейн-экосистеме и, да, вот у нас, собственно, третий выпуск подряд, если с учетом бонуса.

Я это все собираю в скрипт, хэширую это в свою очередь и помещаю это на блокчейн.

Если я отправляю Ивану биткоины, факт того, что он их забирает, это одно и то же событие, что и я их отправляю.

И, насколько я понимаю, вот я на самом деле сейчас вот это объясняю и понимаю, что я не полностью убежден.

Разбираем еще три доклада с Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020: про конкуренцию между стейкингом и лендингом, про конец денег и гипербартер и про многоступенчатые атаки 51%.

Бонусный выпуск специально для патронов ББ:https://www.patreon.com/posts/36327490Поддержите подкаст и получите доступ к эксклюзивным материалам!

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Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

After frequent requests, this site is now reachable as a Tor hidden service through an onion address:http://6hasakffvppilxgehrswmffqurlcjjjhd76jgvaqmsg6ul25s7t3rzyd.onion/As well as adding another means of censorship resistance, a hidden service gives an alternative trust path that doesn’t rely on certificate authorities nor DNS infrastructure.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

From the scrolling home screen, AQUA gives you access to all of your Bitcoin, Liquid Bitcoin, Tether USDt, L-CAD, and other Liquid assets.

Like Blockstream Green, AQUA is fully open-source.

Blockstream Green supports all major operating systems, while AQUA will be mobile-only—launched for iOS today, with android to follow.

Get AQUA NowYou can download AQUA from the App Store now.

For guides on how to obtain Liquid assets, such as Liquid Bitcoin and Liquid-based Tether, see our Help Center.

Bitcoin is increasingly under threat from a growing body of patents collected by companies inside and outside of the Bitcoin industry.

Back in 2016, we established our defensive patent strategy in the form of our Patent Pledge.

Taking our defensive patent strategy one step further, today we’re joining forces with Square Crypto in the Cryptocurrency Open Patent Alliance (COPA), announced yesterday.

The Patent Pledge is legally binding, ensuring that the patents safely become free to use for all, even non-members.

Shared patent library: Members commit all of their cryptocurrency patents to a patent pool available for other members to also use defensively.

For anyone who wants to better understand Blockstream’s products, the Blockstream Help Center is now officially live!

The new Help Center is designed to resolve that, providing you with up-to-date, easy-to-digest user guides and explainers in one central location.

More Improvements On the WayIn addition to our ongoing work on expanding the Help Center, we’re also in the process of updating our technical documentation.

We also have some important updates to our user support systems on the way, which will improve the experience for anyone that is unable to resolve their issue through self-service on our Help Center.

Let Us Know What You NeedCheck out the new Help Center now.

Eight New Members Join the Liquid FederationThis week, the Liquid Network welcomed eight new members to the Liquid Federation: CoinShares, Condensat, INX, JST Capital, Paymium, Petrushev Capital, Sevenlabs, and Satoshis Games.

As the federation grows, the security of the Liquid Network also improves—decision making over the development of the network becomes more distributed.

Liquid Integration: Coinshares intends to use Liquid as transport rails for its digital asset trading between exchanges.

Liquid Integration: INX plans to integrate Liquid Securities as a key part of its security token trading services.

And if you’d like to become a member of the Liquid Federation, contact the feder…

Today we are proud to launch the Blockstream Scam Database, the latest tool in our ongoing effort to fight scammers who hijack the Blockstream brand.

Making Scams More DifficultWe launched the Blockstream Scam Database with the purpose of significantly increasing the difficulty of operating a Blockstream-related scam.

Blockstream cannot overstate the importance of verifying the authenticity of any websites, emails, or social media accounts, especially in the Bitcoin industry.

If you encounter an account that gives any indication of not truly being associated with Blockstream, simply visit the Blockstream Scam Database to verify.

After receiving your report, we’ll either add the informatio…

Running Your Own Electrum ServerBy default, the Electrum wallet app connects to a random set of Electrum servers.

So if you’re using an Electrum wallet, we generally recommend that you run your own Electrum server and connect your wallet to that instead.

Less well known is the fact that Esplora comes bundled with an optimized Electrum server based on a separately-maintained fork of Electrs.

This week, we introduced P2P discovery as an optional feature to Esplora too, which makes Esplora the only other alternative for running an Electrum server designed for public wallet connections.

While the advanced setup may put off some personal server users, Esplora makes a great option for those loo…

The Liquid Network is enabling brand-new, more efficient ways of handling trust in financial transactions.

There are few better examples of this than SETTLENET, a non-custodial digital asset settlement platform launched today in Japan.

At launch, SETTLENET will support trading between Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) and Crypto Garage’s newly-launched JPY token, SETTLENET JPY (JPYS).

More Assets on the WayAt a technical level, SETTLENET can support the instant settlement of any assets issued on the Liquid Network.

If you are interested in issuing an asset on the Liquid Network, check out our technical documentation or contact our business team for more information.

Today we’re revealing the launch of the Liquid Ventures Initiative, along with a report on our first Liquid Demo Day completed at the end of last week, with Condensat Technologies, Pixelmatic, SettleBit, and Satoshi’s Games all presenting.

Liquid Ventures InitiativeThe Liquid Ventures Initiative was started to help grow the Liquid Network’s grassroots ecosystem, connecting promising Liquid projects with Bitcoin-focused investors that are interested in getting involved in the industry’s leading sidechain.

There are currently 15 VC and angel investors involved in the Liquid Ventures Initiative, including Seven Seas VC, Blockchain Capital, Castle Island Ventures, DG Lab Fund, Electric …

With Blockstream Green Desktop, you can now create 2-of-3 multisig accounts, with an additional third key held offline for recovery.

Although the mobile app can’t yet be used to create a new 2-of-3 account, you can import your Blockstream Green desktop wallet on the mobile app so that any 2-of-3 accounts created on desktop will also appear on mobile, ready for use.

However, with the launch of Blockstream Green Desktop, it’s with a heavy heart that we will be retiring the classic GreenAddress desktop app over the coming weeks.

Any previously-created GreenAddress or Blockstream Green wallet can be restored to Blockstream Green Desktop using your 24-words mnemonic backup.

Get StartedYou ca…

Check out the Light Nite Explorer (based on Blockstream’s Esplora) to see their assets in action on the sidechain.

After receiving a Light Nite token outside of the game, a player can deposit the token in their Light Nite account to receive the associated skin for use with their character in-game.

A purchased copy of the Light Nite game is required to access the Light Nite store.

The Blockstream Store and Light Nite GiveawayAt Consensus: Distributed, we will be running a Liquid asset giveaway in collaboration with Light Nite, which will have both Blockstream Store vouchers and Light Nite tokens up for grabs.

1 Trezor Model T, 1 Ledger Nano S, 1 Blockstream Metal, 10 Blockstream hats, 15 B…

In addition to the Blockstream Satellite network update, we’re also announcing the much requested satellite kits will soon be available for pre-order at the Blockstream Store!

Satellite Kit Pre-OrdersTwo ready-to-go receiver kits and an optional antenna kit will be available soon for pre-order:Blockstream Satellite Basic Kit: A consumer-grade satellite receiver, ready to connect a Bitcoin node at home.

Existing Blockstream Satellite users should note that we will be disabling the 1.0 network on June 1st 2020.

Get Started with Blockstream Satellite 2.0New users should keep an eye on the Blockstream Store to be ready to place pre-orders for delivery in June.

), get a Lightning wallet ready …

by Alex BosworthWe’re excited to announce the release of the Lightning Loop Beta.

Loop Beta is the start of a roadmap to evolve the technology of Lightning bridging to take a permanent place in the Lightning ecosystem.

But in Beta, Lightning Loop will start to offer a new method of accessing the API that is based on the LSAT project for light-weight authenticated access of APIs.

In Beta, Lightning Loop will pre-check Loop In requests to help confirm that a swap can be completed before a transaction is sent-on chain.

This will help users save on chain fees and time-locked coins by proactively preventing liquidity errors.

We’re working to do our part to kick off the new decade right with the release of lnd v0.9-beta !

In lnd v0.9-beta , we’re making a significant step in this direction with the ability to receive “multi-path payments” (MPPs) (the non-spontaneous variant).

“Single-shot” MPP payments are essentially an updated, safer form of “normal,” unsplit Lightning payments.

RoutingAs discussed in the Routing Node Guide blog post series, we expect that over time, routing nodes will become more selective about the quality of nodes they connect to.

CompatibilityThere were a number of compatibility changes made in lnd v0.9-beta that will primarily be useful to developers of other Lightning imp…

Gitcoin Grants Round 7 RetrospectiveRound 7 of Gitcoin Grants has successfully completed!

This is a significant milestone for the ecosystem because it shows that Gitcoin Grants is expanding beyond reliance on a very small number of funders, and is moving toward something more sustainable.

The concept of categories as it is currently implemented in Gitcoin Grants is a somewhat strange one.

ZK rollups for scalabilityFinally, Round 7 was the first round where Gitcoin Grants experimented with using the ZkSync ZK rollup to decrease fees for payments:The main thing to report here is simply that the ZK rollup successfully did decrease fees!

ConclusionsRound 7 has been a pivotal round for Gitcoin G…

In the rest of this post, we'll use "collusion" to refer to "undesired coordination" generally.

From the point of view of someone determining the rules for the voting mechanism, they don't know ahead of time whether the Orange Party is good or bad.

If a group makes a bad decision, those who approved the decision must suffer more than those who attempted to dissent.

Different coordination structures, different outcomesSometimes, more coordination is good: it's better when people can work together to collectively solve their problems.

Of course, it is very difficult to prevent communication outright, and it is very difficult to make coordination perfect.

If we want to make practical moves toward trust minimization, we want to have the ability to compare different degrees of trust.

First, my simple one-sentence definition of trust: trust is the use of any assumptions about the behavior of other people.

Not growing your own food is another kind of trust: trust that enough people will realize that it's in their interests to grow food so they can sell it to you.

You can trust different sizes of groups of people, and there are different kinds of trust.

DPOS): N/2 of small-N trust for liveness, N/2 of big-N trust for safety(assuming semi-decentralized operator, eg.

See also:One of the most powerful properties of a blockchain is the fact that every single part of the blockchain's execution can be independently validated.

First, it maximizes the chance that the node can correctly determine and say on the canonical chain - the chain that the community accepts as legitimate.

The goal of validation is then to move away from default to victory to (ideally) default to failure or (less ideally) default to chaos.

Typically, a single block in a blockchain only touches a small portion of the blockchain "state" (account balances, smart contract code....).

For a blockchain community that values immutability, implementing revert limits of this kind are arguably the…

Round 6 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $227,847 in contributions from 1,526 contributors and $175,000 in matched funds distributed across 695 projects.

Why should the quadratic funding mechanism significantly increase its complexity just to achieve a gain in stability that projects could simply provide for themselves?

The Ethereum community has long been struggling to find effective ways to determine what "the community" supports, especially in cases of controversy.

Since round 5, Gitcoin Grants has had three categories per round: tech, community (called "media" before), and some "guest" category that appears only during that specific round.

ConclusionThe best news is the unmenti…

The holder of the private key \(k\) provides, as part of the public key, a "relinearization key", which you can think of as "noisy" encryptions of \(k \otimes k\) under \(k\).

Notice that the decryption equation \(\) is just a big sum of terms of the form \((ct_{1_i} * ct_{2_j}) * k_p * k_q\).

Another technique: matricesAnother technique (see Gentry, Sahai, Waters (2013)) for fully homomorphic encryption involves matrices: instead of representing a ciphertext as \(ct\) where \( = 2e + m\), a ciphertext is a matrix, where \(k * CT = k * m + e\) (\(k\), the key, is still a vector).

The fact that addition works is easy: if \(k * CT_1 = m_1 * k + e_1\) and \(k * CT_2 = m_2 * k + e_2\), then \(k…

On the media side, we do see some balance between stability and dynamism:Week in Ethereum had the highest total amount received in both the previous round and the current round.

EthHub and Bankless are also near the top in both the current round and the previous round.

An individual has two choices: contribute $10 in the current round, or contribute $5 in the current round and $5 in the next round.

a $200 match now, but the latter would give you $141 in the current round + $141 in the next round = $282.

Responses to negative contributionsThis round also introduced negative contributions, a feature proposed in my review of the previous round.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing f , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Here's the circuit with labels again:At the start, Bob knows the labels 6816, 3621, 4872, 5851Bob evaluates the first gate.

However, in general garbled circuits can be used for computations that are not reversible, and so don't break privacy in this way (eg.

The labels themselves are random and so reveal nothing about the inputs, but anyone can then execute the published garbled c…

There are two main objections that I heard, and both lead to interesting criticisms of quadratic funding in its current implementation.

Traditionally, public goods of the type that Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding is trying to support were selected and funded by governments.

or quadratic funding.

But there is nothing in the rules of quadratic funding that privileges Ethereum projects and prevents, say, Ethereum Classic projects from seeking funding using the same platform!

One is to modify the quadratic funding mechanism to support negative votes in addition to positive votes.

MuSig is a signature scheme that allows multiple signers to create an aggregate public key derived from their individual private keys, and then collaborate to create a single valid signature for that public key.

The aggregate public key and signature are indistinguishable from any other schnorr public key and signature.

It is, however, safe to precompute the nonces and exchange the nonce commitments early, moving one of the three rounds to the key setup stage.

This removed the requirement of exchanging nonce commitments at the cost of a more expensive signing operation.

The new MuSig2 scheme achieves a simple two round signing protocol without the need for a zero-knowledge proof.

This would ensure routing fees couldn’t be stolen by an earlier hop that deliberately failed a route.

● LN upfront payments: in the current LN protocol, the attempt to route a payment can lock part of a routing node’s funds for hours or days.

This would eliminate the bug but also require wallets to upgrade in order to be able to pay taproot users.

A previously proposed alternative would be a backwards-compatible restriction on bech32 address lengths.

This only directly provides safety to taproot users receiving payments from spenders who upgraded their wallets to enforce the new length restrictions.

● Alternative to BIP322 generic signmessage: the existing BIP322 proposes a generic message signing protocol for Bitcoin that would allow signing messages for any Bitcoin address (script) even if it used multisig or advanced features.

This week, BIP322 author Karl-Johan Alm posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list an alternative proposal for message signing that would use a technique called virtual transactions.

The first virtual transaction would be deliberately invalid by attempting to spend from a non-existent previous transaction (one whose txid is all zeroes).

The advantage of using virtual transactions, which were also adopted in the BIP325 specification for signet (see Newsletter #109)…

Those incorrect results are possible even if the program’s code was well reviewed, strongly tested, formally verified, and otherwise built with the utmost care.

It also includes programs written in other languages whose compilers or interpreters were built using GCC.

Issues were opened in both the libsecp256k1 and Bitcoin Core repositories to find and mitigate any effects of this bug.

As of this writing, developers have tested Bitcoin Core 0.20.1 and not found any direct problems.

If any noteworthy problems are found in other software, we’ll provide an update in a future newsletter.

● Research into conflicts between timelocks and heightlocks: A post to the Blockstream engineering blog describes an interaction between different types of Bitcoin time locks (timelocks) and block-height locks (heightlocks).

All transactions since Bitcoin’s initial release have had an nLockTime field.

If a transaction’s nLockTime is equal to or above 500 million, it must be below the block header’s time (in epoch time).

Both conditions are true today—but they can’t both be satisfied using a transaction’s single nLockTime field.

The post notes that the same problem can apply when a transaction has multiple inputs each with their own script.

● Inventory out-of-memory Denial-of-Service attack (InvDoS): Braydon Fuller and Javed Khan posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list an attack (website, paper, CVE-2018-17145) they’d previously disclosed to the maintainers of various Bitcoin and Bitcoin-derived full nodes.

The attack consisted of inv (inventory) messages Bitcoin nodes use to notify their peers of the hash of new transactions (or other data).

In the attack, an attacker would flood the victim with an excessive number of inv messages, each containing nearly the maximum allowed number of transaction hashes.

As a bug that could only crash nodes, it could not be used to directly steal from affected nodes.

However, it could be used t…

● Continued coinswap discussion: in discussion continued from two weeks ago on the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list (see Newsletter #112), several contributors developed and analyzed potential attacks against a proposed routed coinswap protocol.

If the counterparty, or a watchtower agent of theirs, is monitoring the block chain, this will fail—but the attempt will cost the attacker nothing.

The most promising solution was to require anyone spending a coinswap UTXO to spend part of the value of one of their other UTXOs to transaction fees.

This collateral payment would eliminate the costless aspect of the previously described attacks.

Fully addressing the attacks might also require some other change…

Each of these transactions includes the same two outputs with the same two amounts—one paying Alice and one paying Bob—but with slightly different scripts.

Similarly, if Bob unilaterally closes the channel, Alice gets a chance to spend his funds using a revocation key he created.

What Fournier proposed this week was only creating a single commitment transaction that would be shared between Alice and Bob.

When creating the transaction, Alice creates two private keys she’ll need to spend her output and gives Bob the corresponding public keys.

The other private key Alice created is the revocation private key, which she’ll give to Bob if she wants to revoke this channel state in favor of a late…

This week’s newsletter links to a discussion about routed coinswaps and includes our regular sections with summaries of questions and answers from the Bitcoin StackExchange, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Selected Q&A from Bitcoin StackExchangeBitcoin StackExchange is one of the first places Optech contributors look for answers to their questions—or when we have a few spare moments to help curious or confused users.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Please consider upgrading to new releases or helping to test release candidates.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable chang…

● Proposed uniform tiebreaker in schnorr signatures: the elliptic curve cryptography used in Bitcoin requires identifying points on Elliptic Curves (ECs).

This can be done unambiguously using a 32-byte X coordinate and a 32-byte Y coordinate.

However, if you know a point’s X coordinate, then you can calculate the two possible locations for its Y coordinate.

The BIP340 specification of schnorr signatures for Bitcoin currently uses a tiebreaker method to minimize the amount of data needed to identify EC points in public keys and signatures.

This was recently changed so that public keys used a different algorithm based on the evenness of the coordinates, which was believed to be easier to impl…

Fee optimization is possible through diverse techniques varying from segregated witness, transaction batching, RBF (Replace By Fee) and fee estimation.

We wanted to determine the transaction fees that could be saved, how that has changed over time and how it impacts block space and block weight.

After batching all potentially batchable transactions, we combine the size of the hypothetical block and compare it to the real block size.

This represents a percentage of around 27.36% over the grand total of transaction fees paid.

Read our full report here to understand the progression of fee savings over time.

He also asked several questions about minimizing the number of network round trips needed to create eltoo state updates.

Our modelling for transaction batching is based on David A. Harding’s formula for detecting whether a transaction spends coins it received in the same block.

Over 21 thousand BTC could have been saved by Bitcoin users if they would have all been using transaction batching, a savings of 10% or almost $200 million USD.

Bitcoin Core PR Review ClubIn this monthly section, we summarize a recent Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting, highlighting some of the important questions and answers.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightni…

● New spending policy language: Nadav Ivgi announced a new language he’s developed named Minsc which makes it easier for developers to specify a set of conditions that must be fulfilled in order for a UTXO to be spent.

The new language is based on the miniscript policy language but adds the ability to use variables and functions along with several other features.

Minsc policies can be compiled to miniscript policies, which can be themselves be compiled into miniscript and used to produce regular Bitcoin Script.

It includes both a plethora of examples and a live compiler that allows linking to its input so that developers can easily play with the language and share their Minsc policies with …

Field report: Using Descriptors and PSBT at RiverRiver Financial​ is a challenger financial institution specializing in Bitcoin financial services.

River Financial’s flagship product, a Bitcoin brokerage, provides retail investors with a high-touch platform to buy and sell Bitcoin.

River Financial leverages two technologies in its wallet software: Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) and Output Script Descriptors.

In River’s wallet software, the descriptor language is leveraged in several places from wallet creation to address generation.

This has two immediate benefits:The wallet software is able to watch cold wallets using descriptors and subsequently derive new addresses.

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- AnthonyNews of the WeekCrypto exchange Coinbase has published its first-ever "transparency report" quantifying the information requests it receives from global law enforcement agencies.

The report, published Friday, revealed that Coinbase received a total of 1,914 such requests in the first half of 2020.

The round had participation from firms such as Framework Ventures, DeFiance Capital, Mechanism Capital, Spartan Group, Alameda Research, NGC, Ruby Capital and Incuba Alpha Capital.

Kwenta is a dApp built on the Synthetix protocol, allowing traders to gain access to a vast range of assets on Ethereum, including forex, commodities, cryptocurrencies, and indices.

The investment round was led…

Per the complaint:"From at least November 2017 through February 2018, McAfee leveraged his fame to make more than $23.1 million U.S.

Dollars (“USD”) in undisclosed compensation by recommending at least seven “initial coin offerings” or ICOs to his Twitter followers.

The FCA said these products are “ill-suited” for retail consumers due to various reasons, including “extreme volatility” of cryptocurrencies.

The FCA estimates that retail consumers will save around £53 million (~$68 million) from the ban on these products.

First Round, IA and Polychain — existing investors in Gauntlet — also took part in the round, as did Standard Crypto.

I joined YouTuber Dapp University last week to talk about what I believe to be the next big trends in Ethereum - watch that here.

Eth2.0 Spadina testnet launch, Eth1.0 clients’ update, EIP-1559, ProgPOW, breakout-room, Peep an EIP, community updates, and more.

Alpha Homora is a protocol for leveraging your position in yield farming pools, or "dYdX for yield farming on Uniswap."

Now, with shield mining, stakers will also be rewarded in the native token of partner projects, starting with tBTC.

Governance on mainnet, first AIP vote, details on the token migration, Aave metrics and more in this update.

If you are worried about single points of failure, start by walking the walk and making the switch to Pocket TODAY!

We are partnering with ETHGlobal and sponsoring the #ETHOnline hackathon as well as providing free decentralized infra to teams.

There’s still a couple of days left to apply, but if you can’t attend please consider spreading the word!

The Singapore-headquartered digital asset exchange KuCoin said in a statement that it detected large withdrawals of Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) tokens to an unknown wallet beginning at 19:05 UTC time on Friday.

Now, the OCC wants federally regulated banks to feel comfortable providing services to stablecoin issuers, it said in a press releas…

Just a friendly reminder that the best way to support EthHub is by donating to us on Gitcoin which you can do here.

This is interesting - Kraken (the exchange) has a position open for a Lead Ethereum Strategist.

Headquartered in Wyoming, Kraken Financial will be regulated by the Wyoming Division of Banking under a so-called Special Purpose Depository Institution.

Lots of content this week including updates on the eth2 standard API, networking, sync enhancements and more.

The round saw participation from Alameda Research, Arrington XRP Capital, Coingecko, and Parafi Capital partner Santiago Roel Santos, among others.

Eric and I will also be discussing more about this on the weekly recap podcast (which is delayed by 24 hours - sorry everyone)!

- AnthonyNews of the WeekChef Nomi, the pseudonymous founder of decentralized exchange protocol SushiSwap, said Friday that they returned some 38,000 ETH — worth some $14 million at press time — to the project's treasury fund.

That move ultimately kicked off a process that saw control of SushiSwap shifted to the chief executive of FTX.

Up until 20 October 2020, the Ethereum Foundation is sponsoring a Medalla data analysis and data visualization blog post challenge.

This is a new initiative designed to incentivize native integration of the Synthetix protocol across …

If you’d like to listen to Eric and I discuss our views on this, be sure to listen in to the weekly recap podcast.

Explore dapps, manage your digital assets, and more with MetaMask’s new mobile Ethereum wallet.

With the launch of uUSDrBTC-OCT on UMA protocol it is now possible to leverage Bitcoin permissionlessly on the Ethereum network.

This post from the Yam Finance team summarized all of the changes that will be included with Yam v3 (as voted on by YAM token holders).

Lots of updates from the Maker team in this piece including a blog roundup, governance updates, community highlights and more.

Another interesting week in Ethereum land with the highlight of the week being the battle between Uniswap and SushiSwap.

Fair Launch Capital is a community resource providing free access to capital for new Fair Launch networks and projects.

They are not a VC fund, rather, they provide fair launch capital.

ETH Gas Watch is an aggregated gas price feed, with email alerts for when the gas price drops below a user-defined level.

Perpetual Protocol said the round was led by Multicoin Capital, with participation from Three Arrows Capital, CMS Holding, and Alameda Research.

🙌 Medalla Testnet is Saved!

The SEC announced the move, which came after the U.S. Senate confirmed Peirce alongside commissioner Caroline Crenshaw, on August 6.

Project UpdatesIn this weeks edition, Ben gives a great recap on what happened with the Medalla testnet over the last few days as well as the usual updates and explainers.

He also put out another piece earlier in the week about the Medalla testnet incident that’s worth reading.

An update on last weeks update from the Nimbus team covering the status of their validator client.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] 2020’s Must-Attend DeFi Event: The Smart Contract Summit Powered by Chainlink!

Get informed about AMMs, liquidity crunches, DAOs & DeFi (and whatever else gets invented by August 28th 🤷).

Be there for updates on the DeFi landscape, tech, challenges, and innovations across the space.

Eric and I will be discussing more about this in the weekly recap podcast - don’t forget to subscribe here so that you don’t miss it!

Medalla testnet recap, updates on key-management, updates on the work on stability improvements and more in this weeks update.

In this newsletter, you’ll find weekly trends on the latest yield farming opportunities along with an overview on the top stories in DeFi.

Industry news outlet Coindesk reported on Monday that PayPal plans to introduce crypto trading through Paxos’ new brokerage service.

The report follows the July 15 announcement of Paxos’ launch of a crypto brokerage that enables other firms to integrate crypto trading functionalities.

According to Coindesk, PayPal will use this new service to deliver its crypto trading features.

Set V2 is a major upgrade coming to Set Protocol that will include new features such as multi-asset support, yield farming support, gas cost savings and more.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] mStable is an Ethereum DeFi project that unites stablecoins, lending and swapping into one standard.

They’re currently hiring for positions in Ethereum development, token engineering, governance and dApp development.

🥳 Happy 5th Birthday EthereumLast week Ethereum celebrated its 5th birthday aka the 5th anniversary of the its genesis block - and what a 5 years it has been!

Justin Drake from the Ethereum Foundation announced this week that they are building an internal security team dedicated to eth2!

I joined a Kraken webinar last week to talk Ethereum and DeFi alongside Ryan Sean Adams, Andrew Keys and William Mou…

Now, large, regulated financial companies that already provide similar safekeeping services for stock certificates and the like could enter the fray.

Brooklyn Nets guard Spencer Dinwiddie fought the NBA for months over his plan to tokenize his $34 million contract.

Now, with the NBA’s concerns apparently addressed and the sale closed out, Dinwiddie’s plan hit a different obstacle: investor interest.

With shares priced at $150,000, just $1,350,000 (or one-tenth of the target $13.5 million sale) was sold.

Updates on phase 0, testnets, the usual great explainers, links to new media and more in Ben’s weekly eth2 newsletter.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[SPONSORED] Kyber Network is a fully on-chain liquidity protocol that aggregates liquidity from diverse sources, enabling decentralized token swaps to be integrated into any application.

Kyber Network aims to be the transaction layer for the decentralized economy, powering liquidity for decentralized finance (DeFi) applications.

Kyber supports over 80 different tokens, and powers over 100 integrated projects including popular wallets as well as DeFi platforms.

mStable launched their protocol token (MTA) over the weekend on the Mesa platform (built by Gnosis).

dHedge offers non-custodial mimetic trading for synthetic assets, us…

The rich get richer, since they have the capital to risk to earn the governance tokens.

Then, as governance token plutocrats, they can use their power to direct the protocol in ways which only further enrich themselves.

At the time of this writing, Uniswap liquidity has risen to nearly $2 billion, while SushiSwap liquidity has fallen to less than one fourth of that.

While I’ve said the Uniswap team did a lot right in this token launch, the question remains, why launch a token at all?

Is there more to UNI than that, or are these governance tokens little more than viral marketing schemes?

A Vampire Sushi ChefIn late August, a pseudonymous developer going by "Chef Nomi" announced "SushiSwap," a clone of Uniswap with "Sushi Tokenomics."

Before SushiSwap was even launched as an exchange, it was possible to earn Sushi tokens by providing liquidity to Uniswap.

Pump and Dump and PumpThe SushiSwap system directed 10% of all tokens to a wallet controlled by the pseudonymous "Chef Nomi."

The Sushi token price has recovered some of its losses.

Will users and liquidity migrate back to Uniswap once the rush to farm Sushi tokens dies down?

Understanding Open SourceThe term "Open Source Software" doesn't just mean the source code is available to view.

Instead, the term refers to projects that make their source code available with broad permission to modify and share that source code without restriction.

There are two broad classifications of licenses widely accepted in the open source world.The first family of open source licenses is so-called "copyleft" licenses, sometimes referred to as "viral" licenses.

Open source development is frequently thankless work, and while some exceptions certainly exist, there generally aren't great business models available for purely open source projects.

Brave's Browser WalletAs a general expl…

On Tuesday, August 4th, the Medalla ETH 2.0 testnet was launched.

If all goes well, this will be the final testnet before the launch of the “Phase 0” mainnet.

It’s expected the testnet will run for a minimum of 2 months before a schedule for mainnet is proposed.

Live and LaunchedTo kickoff the Medalla launch, the Ethereum Foundation hosted a livestream that nearly 2,000 people attended.

The ETH 2.0 launchpad tool made it simple to configure and run your own validators, and there were over 20,000 signed up to do so on day one.

The team behind Augur has launched the next version of their decentralized betting market protocol.

Let's review the basic premise of Augur before discussing these improvements, and what we might expect to see from Augur v2 in the coming months.

It quickly rocketed up to over $1 million at stake in its betting markets, but later slowed.

It offers a service to users— namely, betting markets— that one would assume there would be interest in.

Is it possible not that many people care to participate in betting markets?

To understand this, we need to add the next layer of the system: governance.

The governance token, called COMP, would be distributed to users in a way similar to those weighted polls of the past.

Users began intentionally lending or borrowing on Compound with the explicit goal of earning, or “farming,” COMP.

What's made it possible so far is high demand for the base governance tokens of protocols like Compound.

Even in the best case scenario, demand for these governance tokens must eventually level off as they reach a fair market valuation.

Kanye West, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett were among dozens of accounts that tweeted the scam.

The first is obvious: a Bitcoin giveaway scam was used to monetize this attack.

This changed when the same scam tweets began to be shared from the personal accounts of high profile people, starting with Elon Musk.

Link As the afternoon wore on, many more high profile accounts began tweeting the scam, and it became apparent the hacker had hit more than a third-party tool.

Several hours later, presumably after Twitter addressed the issue, the accounts of these high profile users became accessible again to the user.

Left out of that discussion, though, was the grandaddy of layer 2 scaling techniques: state channels.

In this edition of the newsletter, we'll learn the basics of how state channels work, and why they're complex to implement.

We'll close by looking at why state channels haven't seen much adoption to date, but why that could be poised to change.

How State Channels WorkThe core premise of state channels is surprisingly simple to understand.

Link The most common examples for envisioning the kinds of apps which are possible with such state channels tend to be games.

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

I sent the first issue of Build Blockchain out to fifty subscribers on June 3rd, 2018.

( Issue 23 , November 4th, 2018)This week was a good microcosm of where we are in the crypto world.

In such a world, Bitcoin could exist as an asset on the Ethereum network, and both would benefit for it.

These applications increase the usefulness of Bitcoin, and thus the demand for it, all without the Bitcoin network itself having to make any tradeoffs in terms of complexity or security.

A decentralized network, and the smart contract code that runs on it, is all that is needed.

Earlier this month, the team at StarkWare announced they were pushing their novel layer 2 scaling solution to the Ethereum mainnet.

On June 2nd, 2020, a livestream was held to mark the end of the month-long HackMoney virtual hackathon.

The term antifragile was coined by Nassim Taleb, an author whose books have done much to shape my view of the world.

Money PrintingI wrote extensively about about central bank money printing in issue 90 of this newsletter, so I won't dwell on here.

While the standard narrative amongst most crypto folks is that money printing by the Fed will lead to massive inflation of the US Dollar, I'm not convinced that's a given.

Sure, the government is printing money, but the credit market has contracted and demand for dollars globally has skyrocketed.

If nations in the developing world try to print their way out of economic trouble, there may be inflation of those local currencies.

As news broke that these early coins had moved, Bitcoin's price dropped sharply.

Lerner named this the "Patoshi" pattern, and the block where the recently moved coins were mined did not adhere to it.

Maybe, maybe not, but the truth is, if people find Bitcoin's distribution unfair, they'll be less likely to adopt it.

More precisely, the existence of these 1.1 million BTC, and the risk that they'll be recovered someday, probably depresses Bitcoin's price even today.

While I do see Satoshi's coins as a liability, any attempts to "fix" this problem would probably prove more perilous than the coins' continued existence.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, we'll explore these two token projects, how they work, and what they might mean for Ethereum and all of crypto.

Users can buy and sell the tokens freely, and it's even possible to own fractional amounts.

To receive the physical tape, users must "pay" with exactly one token.

Community Points are subreddit specific ERC20 tokens that are issued to users based on their contributions.

RAC's $TAPE token is "just a stunt."

They also assume the existence of time-lock puzzles; therefore, another open question is to understand whether time-lock puzzles are necessary.

In fact, without time-lock puzzles, even sublinear-round BB under 51% strongly adaptive corruption remains open.

Paper Title: Two-round trip Schnorr multi-signatures via delinearized witnesses.

Paper Title: Game-theoretic Approach to Decision-making Problem for Blockchain Mining.

Paper Title: The Blockchain Evolution and Revolution of Accounting.

Issue #77Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Decentralized Custody Scheme with Game-Theoretic Security.

Paper Title: Practical Post-Quantum Few-Time Verifiable Random Function with Applications to Algorand.

Paper Title: CoVer: Collaborative Light-Node-Only Verification and Data Availability for Blockchains.

Paper Title: Ethna: Analyzing the Underlying Peer-to-Peer Network of the Ethereum Blockchain.

Paper Title: Regulating Blockchain?

Paper Title: KVaC: Key-Value Commitments for Blockchains and Beyond.

Paper Title: Deterministic Wallets in a Quantum World.

Paper Title: A formal model of Algorand smart contracts.

Ravishankar Shukla University, † University of Luxembourg, ‡ Robert Bosch Engineering & Business Solutions Pvt.

Paper Title: Tracking Mixed Bitcoins.

Issue #75Paper of the Week:Paper Title: The Velvet Path to Superlight Blockchain Clients.

TLDR: Superlight blockchain clients learn facts about the blockchain state while requiring merely polylogarithmic communication in the total number of blocks.

Paper Title: A General Framework for the Security Analysis of Blockchain Protocols.

Paper Title: Post-Quantum Linkable Ring Signature Enabling Distributed Authorised Ring Confidential Transactions in Blockchain.

Paper Title: Blockchain as a Confidence Machine: The Problem of Trusts & Challenges of Governance.

Issue #74Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Ebb-and-Flow Protocols: A Resolution of the Availability-Finality Dilemma.

Paper Title: Formalizing Bitcoin Crashes with Universally Composable Security.

Paper Title: NC-Max: Breaking the Throughput Limit of Nakamoto Consensus.

Paper Title: The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European Banks.

Paper Title: Token-Based Platform Finance.

The main crypto-assets to be analysed against both laws and regulations include: exchange tokens (payment tokens), security tokens (asset tokens), utility tokens, fund tokens, commodity tokens, title tokens, and hybrid tokens.

Paper Title: Mimblewimble Non-Interactive Transaction Scheme.

Paper Title: Lunar: a Toolbox for More Efficient Universal and Updatable zkSNARKs and Commit-and-Prove Extensions.

Paper Title: Incentives in Blockchain Design and Applications.

Paper Title: Fintech and International Financial Regulation.

TLDR: MuSig is a multi-signature scheme for Schnorr signatures, which supports key aggregation and is secure in the plain public key model.

Paper Title: Moderated Redactable Blockchains: A Definitional Framework with an Efficient Construct.

Paper Title: Share Withholding Attack in Blockchain Mining: Technical Report.

Summary: A new family of Decentralised Randomness Beacon (DRB) protocols that are simple, secure and scalable.

Paper Title: The Too-Big-To-Fail Problem and the Blockchain Solution.

Issue #71Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Decentralized Custody Scheme with Game-Theoretic Security.

TLDR: Decentralized custody finds applications in many scenarios related to blockchain and digital finance.

A motivating example is the cross-chain asset mapping service which maps cryptoassets on one blockchain to tokens on another blockchain for inter-chain operability.

Paper Title: Regulating Blockchain?

Paper Title: Finite Blockchain Games.

Specifically, they consider machines M that run in parallel time T when using p processors.

Paper Title: Discouraging Pool Block Withholding Attacks in Bitcoins.

Paper Title: Aardvark: A Concurrent Authenticated Dictionary with Short Proofs.

Paper Title: SNARGs for Bounded Depth Computations and PPAD Hardness from Sub-Exponential LWE.

Paper Title: SklCoin: Toward a Scalable Proof-of-Stake and Collective Signature Based Consensus Protocol for Strong Consistency in Blockchain.

The protocols work without the use of signatures and in the purely asynchronous model without the need to make any timing assumptions.

Paper Title: Security Analysis on Tangle-based Blockchain through Simulation.

Paper Title: Security checklists for Ethereum smart contract development: patterns and best practices.

Paper Title: Blockchain, Bitcoin and Stigmergy: An Explanation and a New Perspective for Regulation.

Paper Title: On the (Un)Feasibility of Fedcoin: Implementing a Central Bank Backed Digital Currency in the United States.

Paper Title: CanDID: Can-Do Decentralized Identity with Legacy Compatibility, Sybil-Resistance, and Accountability.

Paper Title: Implications of Dissemination Strategies on the Security of Distributed Ledgers.

Paper Title: Proof of Learning (PoLe): Empowering Machine Learning with Consensus Building on Blockchains.

Paper Title: On the (Un)Feasibility of Fedcoin: Implementing a Central Bank Backed Digital Currency in the United States.

Paper Title: The Light Touch of Caveat Emptor in Crypto’s Wild West.

To date, there is no commonly accepted decentralized pro- tocol that enables cross-chain transactions.

Paper Title: Data Confidentiality In P2P Communication And Smart Contracts Of Blockchain In Industry 4.0.

Summary: An audit trail can be managed by the blockchain without having send the data through the blockchain.

Paper Title: Blockchain Is Dead, Long Live Blockchain!

Paper Title: Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: a Classification and Comparison of Architecture Drivers.

TLDR: For blockchain systems, a typical source of software updates is the enhancements at the consensus protocol level.

), changes to the validation rules at any level (transaction, block, or blockchain), or even changes at the consensus protocol itself.

Authors: Xiaoqi Li*, Ting Chen†, Xiapu Luo*, Tao Zhang‡, Le Yu*, Zhou Xu*§,Affiliations: * The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, † University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ‡ Macau University of Science and Technology, and § Chongqing University.

Paper Title: Blockchain Is Dead, Long Live Blockchain!

Paper Title: Green-PoW: An Energy-Efficient Blockchain Proof-of-Work Consensus Algorithm.

Authors: Giuseppe Ateniese*, Long Chen†‡, Mohammad Etemad*, and Qiang Tang†‡,Affiliations: * Stevens Institute of Technology, † New Jersey Institute of Technology, and ‡ JDD-NJIT-ISCAS Joint Blockchain Lab.

Paper Title: Efficient Final Exponentiation via Cyclotomic Structure for Pairings over Families of Elliptic Curves.

Summary: An extensible and easy-to-use execution framework that simplifies the execution of analysis tools on smart contracts written in Solidity.

Paper Title: Blockchain Use Cases for Inclusive FinTech: Scalability, Privacy, and Trust Distribution.

Summary: Mass adoption of blockchain technology will accelerate in financial industry and supply chain with private permission…

If you have doubts about which brand of lubricating oil to choose, see below the list with the main brands available in the country!

To assist you in this decision, check out the eight best brands according to consumer research!

1 ° LubraxThe best-selling motor oil brand in the country, the Lubrax Lubricants line offers high-tech products for cars, motorcycles, SUVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, vans and agricultural vehicles.

2nd CastrolWith over 100 years of history, Castrol is a world leader in the production of lubricating oils.

Now that you know the best brands of engine oil, you can now choose the best product for your car more safely.

In this case, for example, if someone wants to trade DAI-renBTC, Bunny Hop will find the bridge and route of the best price (e.g.

Note that this differs from splitting orders, as Bunny Hop considers the whole size of order for each hop.

Since its deployment in late August, there have been 40,083 hops until today and below we visualized all of them in a network.

Each node represents a token and its size shows how many times it’s been sourced in the hops.

Leaf nodes in the graph below show the newly traded tokens that needed the hops (on the right side).

For a while, PAX was the 2nd biggest stablecoin in number of senders but activity was driven mainly by the ponzi scheme MMM BSC.

Since peaking in May, activity has now dropped significantly.

The future of Paxos may not be PAX, but in white-labeling stablecoins for other parties such as Binance (and perhaps PayPal).

The two most successful SuperRare artists are Pak and Hackatao, who have earned $276k and $101k respectively in just this year alone.

In total, artists have earned over $2.8M on SuperRare and collectors have earned $865k from secondary sales.

(Source)Digital art can be appealing to DeFi speculators.

Below is a chart of historical art sales for Pak.

Early collectors were able to acquire Pak pieces for just 3 ETH, which are now selling for 33-44 ETH.

This is issue #42 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches 5500 crypto investors every week 📈Data-Driven Crypto JobsAnalysts, researchers, and other members of the Our Network community are increasingly reaching out to me in search of opportunities to work in the space.

Here are some of the best open roles available now:This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Uniswap, 1inch, DODO, Kyber, and dYdX.

Uniswap users spent over $12.7m on gas over the past 30 days, the highest volume of any Ethereum-based smart contract.

We realize that failed transactions, in which users still have to pay for gas fees, are a major issue especially at times of network congestion.

Since the May 2020…

DODO is a nascent liquidity protocol that is gaining popularity and traction among liquidity providers and traders alike.

Two of the most important performance indicators for an on-chain liquidity provider like DODO are total value locked (TVL) and trading volume, as they directly measure the platform’s available liquidity, trader participation, and capital efficiency.

After a brief dip in TVL and volume at the conclusion of the first iteration of the DODO Carnival community incentive programs, DODO has seen a rebound in both key metrics.

As of October 8, DODO has $115.33M in TVL and $21.12Min 24-hour trading volume (Source).

Delegator Loyalty: Like account growth, the unprecedented delegator growth on Tezos has slowed.

High growth at low volume over the past year means a majority of new delegators are small investors who try Tezos delegation for the first time.

Despite the 3x price increase and the equally drastic -46% price drop over the summer, delegator loyalty is unbroken and churn rates are starting to decline again.

Out of a total of the 74k delegators, 71k delegate to active bakers, about 3k to inactive bakers.

The majority of 72.3% (39.4k) public delegator accounts are loyal accumulators who re-invest payouts or top-up their balances.

Another way to illustrate this effect is to look at the ratio of a long-term supply band over a short-term band.

The following chart shows the ratio of supply held for 1-2 years over supply held for 7-30 days.

The ratio has historically peaked during periods where price is decreasing or going sideways and hit lows as price peaks.

Currently the ratio is at levels similar to January 2016.

This is issue #40 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 5500 crypto investors every week 📈Support us on Gitcoin Grants 💝Before we dive into this week’s issue, I wanted to bring to everyone’s attention that Our Network is currently accepting donations via Gitcoin Grants.

- 🕛This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Terra, Compound, and Set Protocol.

Currently, 54 validators from 18 nations provide security to the Terra network, with a fairly even distribution between North America, Europa, and Asia.

Here are a few examples: Due to the immense activity on the Terra network, it is very challenging to synchronize a new validator.

Since the COMP distribution began, the av…

A glimpse into the SNX OTC market.

Over-the-counter markets tend to be opaque and marked by information that can be difficult or costly to obtain.

This makes OTC markets a really interesting topic in the context of DeFi and Ethereum, where market participants transact on a publicly verified ledger.

The OTC market for SNX is an important place for larger players to get bids filled without incurring much slippage.

Just 3.8% of all SNX are available on Binance, Uniswap, Kucoin, and Poloniex.

Liquidity mining remains a large factor in allocation of DAI across different trading venues and platforms.

The chart below shows DAI balance in stablecoin nominated AMMs (Curve & Swerve), balance in ETH/DAI pools (Uniswap & Sushiswap), balance in Balancer DAI/SAFE 98/2 pool, and lastly log DAI price from Coinbase USD pair.

As visible, the DAI price premium decreases as the allocation of DAI in stablecoin AMMs increases.

Increased supply of DAI in ETH/DAI pools does decrease the price, but is limited in effect due to additional trading fees, network fees and volatility of ether.

Observe how the first red bar visibly lowers liquidity in WETH & stablecoin nominated AMMs, which causes the abov…

This is issue #38 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches 5000 crypto investors every week 📈Our Network ✘ RabbitHole 🕳️As fundamentals grow increasingly important in crypto investing, it’s becoming paramount for projects to have data-driven community members capable of evaluating network health.

Readers will receive rewards in the form of tokens for completing tasks on the Our Network ✘ RabbitHole portal.

There are now 100k wallets labeled as long-term investors and a total of 150k wallets with a balance of greater than 10 LINK.

Figures 3 and 4 show the fees across the two weeks, relative to the bottom 5th percentile fee in a block.

In both scenarios the ratio between the 100th pe…

This is issue #37 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 5000 crypto investors every week 📈This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Instadapp, Opyn, and Nexus Mutual.

yinsure.finance also launched as the first third-party distributor for Nexus cover.

There is currently $1.3mm of collateral backing WETH, CRV, YFI put options, ETH call options, and options on DAI and USDC deposits in Compound (cDAI, cUSDC) and USDC deposits in Aave (aUSDC).

(Source)Finally, since the launch of the COMP tokens, around 17.5k COMP tokens have been farmed and claimed on the DSA platform by the users.

However, there are even more COMP tokens accrued but not yet claimed.

This is issue #36 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 4000 crypto investors every week 📈This week our contributors cover Emerging Networks: Foundation, Meme Protocol, Nervos CKB, and Handshake.

Fashion: Neue Goods released a crypto-inspired streetwear line, which has accumulated over $22k in trading volume.

And GlitchTextiles released a woven blanket with a design generated by Foundation's bytecode — accumulating over $5k in trading volume.

Block Time & Uncle Rate: Nervos improves on Nakamoto Consensus to maximize throughput of a PoW chain.

The amount of CKB locked in Nervos Dao and the locked to circulation ratio have seen continuous growth.

Introducing ‘THL’ (Total HNS Locked): Covenants aren’t new, but understanding their economic implications for traders and speculators are.

Since covenants are encumbered UTXOs that exist as on-chain “smart contracts”(bitcoin script), any value that doesn’t leave them is taken from the circulating supply as they cannot currently be spent (similar to staked assets in a smart contract).

For Handshake, THL is the total number of HNS locked in Bid/Reveal/Register covenants at any given time, and can fluctuate as on-chain auction activity adjusts block-over-block, with over 26,760,000 HNS locked presently out of circulation - and important metric to watch as the chain grows in adoption.

This is issue #35 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 4000 crypto investors every week 📈DeFi Fundamental IndicatorsIn case you missed it, earlier this week I published a thread on some of my favorite DeFi fundamental indicators:This week our contributors cover DEX projects: Curve, Uniswap, Kyber, and 0x.

① UniswapContributor: Teo Leibowitz, Strategy Lead at UniswapAutomated liquidity protocol, Uniswap, supported $1.5bn volume the week of August 10, up 88% week-on-week and 9,853% year-to-date.

Uniswap single-handedly commands 57% decentralized trading volume market share.

Uniswap (v2) continues to attract tens of thousands of new traders on a weekly basis despite record …

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New technologies enable activities that fall into one of two categories: 1) doing things you could already do but can now do better because they are faster, cheaper, easier, higher quality, etc.

2) doing brand new things that you simply couldn’t do before.

Doing old things better tends to get more attention early on because it’s easier to imagine what to build.

The most common mistake people make when evaluating new technologies is to focus too much on the “doing old things better” category.

Early products like Salesforce were easier to access and cheaper to maintain than their on-premise counterparts.

In parallel, WebRTC is really allowing for really interesting concurrent sessions around video.

And then in parallel, WebGL and WebRTC really seem to be enabling really interesting social experiments right now in terms of new social products.

And so, I think right now, in order to experience VR, you need a headset.

So, I think that’s another thing that we’ll see if it happens or doesn’t happen over the next decade.

And so, the fact that the applications have taken off so much, and it’s made this scaling problem like a really, really urgent issue.

Jesse: Kayvon touched on the idea of dynamic pricing in these markets, and I think that’s something worth double-clicking on.

And so you’re going to need to discover the new Jay-Zs and that takes risk and speculation.

And I think that’s been true of crypto, and maybe to a bigger degree than other technology platforms, because crypto is a finance innovation.

And I think that that’s going to be a very, very powerful model that’s proven out again in that 10-year timeframe.

You can’t just put out a token and expect that it’s going to blow up overnight and you’re going to be rich and famous.

How do we know we’re even measuring the right things, and is there one key metric or KPI for measuring the health of a community?

Where do “meta communities” or where does engaging key community leaders come in?

And when it comes to developer relations specifically, where should devrel sit in an organization (product, sales, engineering)?

How do you reconcile developer as customer vs. developer as community member?

You can find the latest on company building best practices for crypto at a16z Crypto Startup School and see other pieces in our ongoing community series at a16z.com/community.

In this episode, we continue our community series with a recent discussion that applies to many kinds of community building.

In this discussion, which was recorded at our Crypto Startup School in April 2020, a16z General Partner Chris Dixon talked about building communities — specifically, communities of open-source developers — with GitHub cofounder Tom Preston-Werner.

They discussed how to engage early users, how to turn them into your biggest advocates, how to create superfans, and more.

Today, GitHub is the leading community for open-source developers and others.

They also discuss in-person communities vs. distributed communities, a topic that is very top of mind today.

We’re living in an unprecedented era of online collaboration, coordination, and creation.

But the word “members” is faceless, and doesn’t help us really understand, support (and better design for) these communities.

So what lessons of open source communities do and don’t apply to the passion economy and creator communities?

How does the evolution of online communities — really, social networks — shift the focus to reputation and status as a service?

And what if working in public is also about sharing in private, given the “dark forest theory of the internet”, the growing desire for more “high-shared context” groups and spaces (including even podcasts and newsletters)?

Building AI systems today is increasingly a problem of coordinating large-scale and widespread data-collection efforts.

The problem of the long tail is the hairline crack at the foundation of today’s AI power structure.

But it doesn’t yet explain, however, why the long tail, in particular, is often so problematic.

And, contrariwise, why would the demand side ever pay good money for the mad ravings of an untrained neural network?

With this new bit of logic, our neural network begins to take on a life of its own as a self-funding, autonomous entity.

More than 98% of the information on the web is lost within 20 years, and huge gaps exist in our digital and cultural history.

Zoran Basich and Alex Pruden of a16z talk to Brewster Kahle and Sam Williams, who are using different approaches to attack this problem.

Kahle cofounded the Internet Archive, which is well known for creating the Wayback Machine that crawls a billion URLs every day.

Williams cofounded Arweave, a company that uses decentralized crypto networks to store information forever.

They also discuss how decentralized models offer the promise of building a next-generation web that works better for users.

All of this is playing out against the broader, more profound cultural context and events around the death of George Floyd in Minnesota and beyond, and ongoing old-new debates around content moderation on social media.

So what’s hype/ what’s real — given this show’s throughline!

— around what CDA 230 precisely does and doesn’t do, the role of agencies like the FCC, and more?

Finally: how does and doesn’t Section 230 connect to the First Amendment when it comes to companies vs. governments; what does “good faith” really mean and what are possible paths and ways forward among the divisive debates around content moderation?

All this and more in this 2x+ long explainer episode of 16 Minutes.

Today’s episode is about a practical application of crypto — namely, the way it can “tokenize” fandom.

More broadly, it’s about fan engagement, and the increasingly blurred lines between sports, culture and tech.

Joining this conversation are a16z managing partner and tech investor Jeff Jordan, who has long followed the evolving relationship between sports and tech.

Also joining is Jesse Walden, a former a16z crypto partner and co-founder of Mediachain.

We discuss the evolution of models for fan engagement; how social media has changed the game; and where technologies like cryptonetworks and blockchains come in.

Led by our crypto data scientist, Eddy Lazzarin, we analyzed 10 years of data, including Reddit comments in crypto subreddits, Github commits in crypto repos, and Pitchbook funding data (more on the methodology below).

The First Cycle: 2009-2012The first crypto cycle peaked in 2011.

A key feature of crypto cycles is that each one plants seeds which later grow and drive the next cycle.

The Third Cycle: 2016-2019The third cycle, reaching its peak in 2017, is when the broader implications of crypto captured mainstream attention.

See Chris Dixon discuss the crypto price-innovation cycle in week one of the recent a16z Crypto Startup School (click here to see full-length presentations from the sc…

So we began designing a curriculum to share what we’ve learned at a16z from working with world-class crypto entrepreneurs and technologists.

And in late February, the 45 selected students gathered in the Bay Area to take part in a16z Crypto Startup School.

You can find the videos on the Crypto Startup School site, along with a supplementary course reader.

Along with Chris and Dan, presenters include Balaji Srinivasan, Jutta Steiner, Brian Armstrong, Brian Brooks, and other members of the a16z Crypto team and portfolio.

Andreessen Horowitz offers its heartfelt thanks to all the students, instructors, and mentors of Crypto Startup School for their inspiring hard work, creativity, and relentle…

Cons: not capital efficient, limited leverage available, requires external oracle, unable to maintain peg because of lack of arbitrage loop.

Pros: simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

MAXIMUM ORACLE MOVEMENTSome protocols limit how much the oracle price can move in a certain period of time.

Multicoin has been looking at early-stage Decentralized BitMEX opportunities for the last 12 months, and we have b…

As a result, it’s more important than ever for DeFi projects considering liquidity mining to think carefully about their incentives, and to design their liquidity mining programs to retain capital after get-rich-quick wash traders disappear.

In this essay, we explore the design space of liquidity mining and outline a framework by which DeFi teams can construct a useful liquidity mining program that incentivizes long-term capital retention.

Objectives for Liquidity MiningThe most important step when designing a liquidity mining program is to determine the exact objectives of the program.

WHEN DO THEY GET PAIDMost of the liquidity mining campaigns announced so far do not include lockup or tim…

You don’t need to go to SoundCloud to experience all of this audio.

If the audio exists on SoundCloud, it can exist anywhere on the web and mobile devices.”Nine years later, it’s clear that SoundCloud had the right vision: open audio available anywhere on the Internet.

Over the last few years, we’ve seen an explosion in decentralized services to power all forms of media across the internet.

Audius is a decentralized, censorship-resistant audio streaming platform.

By virtue of being decentralized, Audius is open.

We track the exchange token market closely (as noted in our Binance reports here and here; we also still hold a large long BNB position), and through our ongoing analysis of the space we noticed that there is a divergence between the fundamentals of Huobi and the current valuation of Huobi Token ($HT).

Huobi has expanded their product offerings significantly in the past two years, most notably into derivatives trading (for details see the section below).

$HT currently has the highest buyback ratio of any exchange token on the market at 17.8%.

In fact, $HT’s buyback ratio is 4.4x higher than the exchange token industry average.

Download the report (PDF) now to read our analysis of Huobi and …

While there are certain instances in which DeFi protocols offer lower rates today, these protocols are structurally handicapped.

Moreover, because DeFi protocols cannot underwrite trust relationships, they require higher collateralization ratios, further increasing the (opportunity) cost of capital.

And this is despite the fact that DeFi trading volumes are ~1% of CeFi trading.

To put that in perspective, crypto CeFi trading is .1 - 1% of trading across traditional asset classes (excluding FX).

If you’re building any novel DeFi protocols, or the infrastructure to power DeFi, please reach out via email or DM me on Twitter.

DescriptionEditor's Note: This video was originally published by Tom Shaughnessy on his Youtube account.

In this episode, Tom Shaughnessy talks with Ben Sparango and Tony Sheng of Multicoin capital to discuss their latest report on The Trust Spectrum.

Do not trade or invest in any project, tokens, or securities based upon this podcast episode.

Tom Shaughnessy owns tokens in ETH, BTC, CKB, STX, SNX, RUNE, sUSD, and HNT.

Lets Talk Bitcoin is a distribution partner for the Chain Reaction Podcast, and our current show features paid sponsorships which may be featured at the start, middle, and/or the end of the episode.

Editor's Note: This video was originally published by the Ethereal Summit on their Youtube account.

Please visit follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Featuring Jack O'Holleran (SKALE Labs), Stan Kladko (SKALE Labs) Interviewed by Tushar Jain (Multicoin Capital)7-8 May 2020 – The two-day Ethereal Virtual Summit agenda features 100+ ecosystem leaders and can't-miss talks on the most exciting trends in the blockchain space, from decentralized finance to Ethereum 2.0.

Welcome to the decentralized future etherealsummit.com

The Lightning Network is viewed by most as a decentralized, permissionless Visa network for Bitcoin, bringing high throughput and low latency payments to the network.

State of Lightning: Payment Channels & HTLCsAs described in the 2015 paper, the Lightning Network facilitates bidirectional payment channels chained together using HTLCs.

In the five years since its proposal, the Lightning Network has grown at a rapid pace.

Using TLVs combined with Keysend, the Lightning Network becomes an incentivized, onion-routed data network.

Web3 developers should seek to build on an open, interoperable, permissionless standard, instead.

Editor's Note: This video was originally published by Blockstack on thier Youtube account.

Please visit follow the related links to visit his content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Kyle Samani, the Managing Partner of Multicoin, and Muneeb Ali, the Co-Founder of Blockstack, join the The Stacks Podcast to discuss research, investment theses, and debate the biggest trends in the industry.

Since then, the DeFi ecosystem on top of Ethereum has blossomed: utilizing a couple dozen DeFi protocols, users have withdrawn a few hundred million dollars of debt fully collateralized against an even larger pool of capital.

In this essay I’ll consider the 1) effort, and 2) capital required to fork each of the major DeFi protocols.

There are a few teams that are working on stablecoin clearinghouses, including DeFi protocols such as StableCoinSwap, and Shell; and centralized clearing houses like Stablehouse.

Mixer - Tornado.cashTornado Cash is unique among the other DeFi protocols above.

In short, Ethereum’s defensibility - at least as it pertains to DeFi protocols - is materially stronger …

Building in Asia, where consumer “super-apps” like WeChat and Kakao are prevalent, dForce is building the first “super-network” of DeFi protocols.

Adoption of Open Finance: Composability, Integration, and LocalizationIn our Crypto Mega Theses, we highlighted that the key enabler of open finance is the modularization of financial primitives.

In fact, centralized exchanges like Binance, Huobi, and OKEx are already experimenting with DeFi protocols tied to their respective ecosystem tokens, and they’re engaging with external DeFi protocols as well.

As these experiments mature, DeFi protocols and centralized exchanges will continue to mesh together, accelerating the transition to open finance.

…

DescriptionAs a suite of new layer 1 blockchains are launching, I’ve been thinking about Ethereum’s network effects, and the defensibility of the DeFi protocols built on top of Ethereum.

In this essay I’ll consider the 1) effort, and 2) capital required to fork each of the major DeFi protocols.

There are a few teams that are working on stablecoin clearinghouses, including DeFi protocols such as StableCoinSwap, and Shell; and centralized clearing houses such as Stablehouse.

Mixer – Tornado.cashTornado Cash is unique among the other DeFi protocols above.

In short, Ethereum’s defensibility – at least as it pertains to DeFi protocols – is materially stronger than that of any individual DeFi pro…

Editor's Note: This conversation was originally published by Marcos Veremis on his Soundcloud account and was an official SXSW 2020 panel.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

Listen nowDescriptionBelievers in the crypto space often parallel it to the early days of the internet.

Both started within small technology circles and moved on to a more mainstream audience with their first “killer app”; email in the case of the internet and bitcoin in the case of crypto.

While the internet transformed the way we create and receive information, the crypto space is promising to transform the way we create and receive value.

Editor's Note: This podcast was originally published by Solana.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Listen nowDescriptionIn this episode, Kyle and Anatoly talk about the effects of COVID-19 on the cryptocurrency market, Black Thursday, and how they each see the next few months playing out in both the crypto and traditional markets.

In this post, we explore the concept of trust and show how trust isn’t binary, but rather multi-dimensional.

Each property in this post will include three sub-sections: (1) its trust score spectrum, (2) top products and services in the space along this spectrum, and (3) market observations.

In the event that user funds are drained, there is no capital remaining for users to be compensated.

Protocols today span a wide spectrum of trust models and users are unlikely to understand the risks these models pose to their funds.

And with the exception of “insurance funds” to cover overleveraged defaults, DeFi protocols do not offer native insurance.

In decentralized networks, this includes everyone involved in investing, building, operating, using, or otherwise participating in the network.

But the interplay between ideology, reality, and financial incentives will remain a key influence on how systems of network governance are designed and evolve.

Good decentralized network governance is one that steers the network through its various stages of development towards more innovative and socially useful functions, while adequately resolving conflicts between different stakeholders participating in or affected by the network.

More democratic forms of network governance are currently underexplored and raise a number of difficult questions.

T…

In most “buyback-and-burn” token models, a network generates income in one currency token and uses the proceeds to buy-back and “burn” its own native token.

The intent is to grow token value by reducing its supply as income grows.

Unlike outstanding shares, treasury shares can’t vote or participate in the economics of the organization.

By reducing the number of outstanding shares, buybacks improve certain valuation ratios (e.g.

The buyback alone does all the work because what affects the price is how many shares participate, not how many exist – and treasury shares don’t participate.

Zooko Wilcox, a core contributing member of the Zcash community, voiced the confusion as follows:“You have to *store* your crypto in a private cryptosystem if you want privacy.

Efforts like the Zcash Developer Alliance are working to make the vision of interoperable-and-private-value stemming from Zcash a widespread reality.

Why Zcash is the Community to Bring Us PrivacyThe crypto-community most capable of bringing privacy to the masses is Zcash.

When it launched in October 2016, Zcash was the first practical implementation of Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zkSNARKs).

Join a Zcash community call or hop into the forum today.

Instead of paying fees to portfolio managers, investors earn fees for contributing their assets to Balancer pools [2].

The larger a Balancer pool gets, the less slippage there is when someone is trying to source one of its assets.

With decreasing slippage for key assets, Balancer positions itself to attract more traders as it becomes a more competitive venue for many of their desired positions.

An LP can contribute to an existing Balancer pool or create their own.

This flexibility has allowed Balancer to be a fertile ground for experimentation, alongside the deep liquidity pools it’s accumulating ($200M and counting).

The principles of free and open source software (FOSS) are fundamental to the ethos of the communities building blockchain networks.

While it is not uncommon for a single organization or small group of core developers to coordinate and deliver most of the work, the source code is generally open for everyone to inspect and improve upon.

Control is maintained not by keeping software proprietary, but through social and institutional means, including ideological discourse, community management, and trademark license agreements.

Despite the unique governance challenges from issuing network-specific assets to operators, investors, users, or other stakeholders, there are important similarities bet…

As smart contract platforms autonomously manage billions of dollars of capital, quantifying the portfolio risk that investors engender in these systems is increasingly important.

Recent work illustrates that Proof of Stake (PoS) is vulnerable to financial attacks arising from on-chain lending and has worse capital efficiency than Proof of Work (PoW).

Numerous methods for improving capital efficiency have been proposed that allow stakers to create fungible derivative claims on their staked assets.

This model combines birth-death Pólya urn processes and risk models adapted from the credit derivatives literature to assess token inequality and return profiles.

This model also applies to Decentr…

Geometric mean market makers (G3Ms), such as Uniswap and Balancer, comprise a popular class of automated market makers (AMMs) defined by the following rule: the reserves of the AMM before and after each trade must have the same (weighted) geometric mean.

These results include the returns and no-arbitrage prices of liquidity pool (LP) shares that investors receive for supplying liquidity to G3Ms.

Using these expressions, we show how to create G3Ms whose LP shares replicate the payoffs of financial derivatives.

These strategies allow LP shares to replicate various trading strategies and financial contracts, including standard options.

G3Ms are thus shown to be capable of recreating a variety …

Financial capital outpaces the installation of new technologies, in part because financial capital is responsible for speculating new technologies into existence.

In the process of capitalizing itself into relevance, this boom of crypto capital has built a native financial system to account for its very own bootstrapping.

While the other revolutionary technologies no doubt led to evolution within the existing financial system, none of them built an entirely new financial system from scratch.

To delineate between this superior financial system and its predecessor, I’m going to use meatspace+digital to refer to the incumbents.

On the macro level, crypto’s financial system needs to be resilien…

Blockchain enthusiasts often criticize traditional institutions for their tendency to concentrate resources and decision-making authority.

But token-weighted governance without system design features that counteract centralization are clearly open to similar criticisms.

As a result, large token holders are faced with a dilemma: abstain from participation to stay true to the ethos of decentralization, or seek to govern in a way that doesn’t disproportionately benefit powerful actors at the expense of other stakeholders.

But the problem when it comes to consumer deployments has always been the user experience and the safekeeping of private keys.

Magic offers an authentication service that’s far more secure for users and much cheaper for developers and businesses.

With Magic, developers can build services that leverage signatures to authenticate information.

Magic enables that world by separating the keys from the application and helping developers leverage digital signatures, encryption, and blockchain transactions.

But the real magic happens when creative companies combine all of this new functionality to create new business model opportunities.

In a standard proof-of-stake system, the more people stake, the more tokens are taken out of circulation. This may seem good for the price of the token, but in many cases insufficient liquidity can get in the way of network growth. So we should look for ways to create a direct, positive relationship between staking and liquidity. One idea is to use Balancer pool tokens as proofs of liquidity that can be staked in place of the network’s token, such that its liquidity grows together with staking.

There’s a huge opportunity in introducing the efficiencies of smart contracts to existing frameworks.

For example, Decentraland, an Ethereum-based virtual-reality world, recently migrated governance over its network to an Aragon DAO.

But we’ve also seen individuals set up single-member Aragon DAOs to manage their own assets in a secure vault, and companies using Aragon internally to keep transparent records.

It’s early days for Aragon and DAOs in general.

Blockchains, smart contracts, and digital assets provide the building blocks of such new infrastructure, and Aragon makes them accessible to everyone.

Information is a strange good: it’s created in unpredictable ways, you can’t know if it’s good until you have it, and it can be reproduced at no cost by anyone who does have it. This makes it hard for markets to price and distribute its value. But we can use crypto to address these challenges. Erasure is a new protocol for exchanging valuable information on the internet. It uses encryption, smart contracts, and staking with the Numeraire token (NMR) to create a trusted, decentralized venue for exchanging data.

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Data passed across the bridge will be able to trigger actions on Aragon Chain through an Aragon Agent on Ethereum.”Here is the team’s rationale around “Why Aragon Chain,” followed by a description of their investigation of Polkadot and Cosmos as two available platforms to build upon, where they ultimately decided to build upon Cosmos.

A specification of Aragon Chain is also available.

As the fuel for Aragon Chain, ARA will also have straightforward capital asset properties.

One question we have is if ARA-yield will have to be higher than the yield ANJ offers.

From there, an aggregate model that ties together ANJ, ARA and ANT economics will be the final step.

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

Unchained Capital + Coldcard – PSBT Done RightThe first notable aspect of this integration is that Unchained Capital now speaks PSBT.

This standard for saving partially signed transactions is relevant to all Unchained Capital clients whether you’re signing on your own or collaborating with others.

Air-gapped OnlyBoth Unchained Capital and Coldcard clients are obsessed with security.

Your Coldcard will never need to touch a computer or the internet to transact with Unchained Capital.

We’ll be adding full Coldcard support (air-gapped only) to Caravan for trust minimized external recovery from vaults and loans.

Unchained Capital + Coldcard – PSBT Done RightThe first notable aspect of this integration is that Unchained Capital now speaks PSBT.

This standard for saving partially signed transactions is relevant to all Unchained Capital clients whether you’re signing on your own or collaborating with others.

Air-gapped OnlyBoth Unchained Capital and Coldcard clients are obsessed with security.

Your Coldcard will never need to touch a computer or the internet to transact with Unchained Capital.

We’ll be adding full Coldcard support (air-gapped only) to Caravan for trust minimized external recovery from vaults and loans.

Coldcard is a premium hardware wallet for sophisticated users.

Unchained Capital is pleased to support Coldcard’s air-gapped functionality, along with maintaining support for Trezor and Ledger.

What you need:Unchained Capital supports Coldcard for air-gapped data transfer only.

This means that additional supplies are required:Initialized Coldcard Mk 2 or Mk 3 with the most recent firmwareMicroSD cardMicroSD card reader for your computerCreate an Unchained Capital AccountLog in at my.unchained-capital.com and fill out required onboarding information depending on which products you want to use.

Export the Xpub from the Coldcard

Coldcard is a premium hardware wallet for sophisticated users.

Unchained Capital is pleased to support Coldcard’s air-gapped functionality, along with maintaining support for Trezor and Ledger.

What you need:Unchained Capital supports Coldcard for air-gapped data transfer only.

This means that additional supplies are required:Initialized Coldcard Mk 2 or Mk 3 with the most recent firmwareMicroSD cardMicroSD card reader for your computerCreate an Unchained Capital AccountLog in at my.unchained-capital.com and fill out required onboarding information depending on which products you want to use.

Export the Xpub from the Coldcard

The OCC is giving banks the greenlight to custody bitcoin, bitcoin exchanges are becoming banks, and public companies are starting to stack a lot of sats.

We do so by making multisig easy to access through collaborative custody, while also ensuring that clients remain in unilateral control of private keys.

Unchained Capital has taken to calling multisignature where responsibilities are distributed across multiple parties “collaborative custody”.

The future of collaborative custody will preserve these strengths, while bringing more options and flexibility to both individuals and businesses, allowing clients to better tailor bitcoin security to their own respective needs.

When we launched our…

An increasing number of businesses are looking for ways to leverage bitcoin, whether as an active strategy or by holding it in reserve as a treasury asset.

“MicroStrategy has recognized Bitcoin as a legitimate investment asset that can be superior to cash and accordingly has made Bitcoin the principal holding in its treasury reserve strategy.” – Michael Saylor, MicroStrategy CEO (link) “Providing custody services for [bitcoin] falls within these longstanding authorities to engage in safekeeping and custody activities.

If a business is to leverage the strengths of the bitcoin protocol and own bitcoin as a reserve asset, it must first become comfortable with custody and security of the asset.…

Economic imbalance and growing inequality is the new normal, but there is nothing natural about sustained economic imbalance.

The one constant in bitcoin is its fixed supply; there will only ever be 21 million bitcoin, and there is nothing anyone can do about it.

Setting aside taxes and regulatory capture for a moment, if one wants to acquire bitcoin, he or she will have to provide value in return, and bitcoin will become the arbiter of that value.

By making the nominal amount of bitcoin zero-sum, it ensures that the economic system is non-zero sum.

Bitcoin held in smaller denominations continues to grow steadily, while bitcoin held in larger denominations continues to decline.

An open source collaboration between Unchained Capital and SatoshiLabs engineers gives Trezor hardware wallets the ability to confirm multisignature addresses displayed in a browser on the device, protecting bitcoin multisignature users from browser-based attacks.

The CollaborationAt Unchained Capital, we work with multisignature addresses in the browser, much like Trezor’s wallet (wallet.trezor.io) coordinates single signature addresses via the browser.

Dhruv Bansal, co-founder of Unchained Capital, and Szymon Lesisz and Pavol Rusnak of SatoshiLabs collaborated on open source development in order to improve Trezor Multisignature functionality by enabling a critical function for multisignat…

For those looking to avoid selling their bitcoin, bitcoin-backed loans are an option to get dollars today without making a sale.

In this article, we’d like to share some information about how bitcoin-backed loans work and who should use them.

Factors to Consider in Getting a Bitcoin-Backed LoanHere are a few important factors to consider before taking out a bitcoin-backed loan.

Unchained Capital loans are allowed to be prepaid without penalty, so clients are free to end loans early at no additional cost.

ConclusionWe hope that this guide has answered your most pertinent questions about bitcoin-backed loans.

Unchained Capital is excited to be partnering with Tantra Labs (Tantra), which leverages Unchained’s collaborative custody platform to secure bitcoin held in cold storage.

Given the nature of its operations and strategies, Tantra holds a material percentage of its assets offline in cold storage, requiring best-in-class multisignature custody through Unchained Capital.

Tantra specializes in algorithmic trading strategies to deliver enhanced yield-based products and Unchained specializes in custody infrastructure and multisig technology solutions.

Collaborative custody and Unchained’s open source Caravan tool collectively remove counterparty risk from the custody equation for Tantra and ensur…

Importing your external spend information file and connecting your hardware wallets gives you full freedom to move your funds without interacting with the Unchained Capital website in any way.

The Steps to External RecoveryThis is a short video of the full external recovery workflow from vaults using Caravan, and below the video, you will find complete written instructions.

GuideAfter creating your multisignature address on the Unchained Capital Website, select the external spend information menu, and download the external spend file.

The file contains important information that you would need to spend bitcoin externally to Unchained, but does not give someone who discovers it the ability t…

If Alice wants to send Bob 1 bitcoin, Bob will want to know that Alice actually has the funds to send.

new test results, can be made relatively costlessly.

Here’s how a health certificate and contact tracing system using LSATs might look:We start with a known and respected testing service that establishes a well-capitalized Lightning node.

Using the LSAT system and lightning node’s public key associated with it, payments or subsidies could be offered to those able to present a valid proof-of-test LSAT.

A related challenge is adoption of lightning and bitcoin and some of the stigmas associated with these technologies that continue to persist.

A few weeks ago, I gave the attached presentation (see below) at the Value of Bitcoin Europe conference (June 3, 2020).

The presentation discusses recent and unprecedented actions taken by the Federal Reserve in response to global macro crises.

Through the end of May 2020, the Fed digitally created $2.9 trillion dollars over the course of a 13-week period.

While investors in the mainstream will rationalize it as crazy but necessary to stave off a crisis, it is more appropriately “crazy but still crazy” and marks the end of the beginning, which is the title of the presentation.

The central banking model trades short-term stability for long-term volatility while bitcoin trades short-term vola…

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Abstract: In this short piece, 100x Group grantee Calvin Kim provides a quick update on the development of the Utreexo implementation.

Calvin is now looking forward to focusing on performance, integration with existing Bitcoin implementations, and adding robust tests to the codebase.

Last year, when my first PR was merged, the Utreexo project was just past its proof of concept stage.

With the merge of https://github.com/mit-dci/utreexo/pull/192 which revamps the disk-storage for Utreexo bridgenodes, I believe we’re a step further in completing our implementation of the Utreexo project.

If anyone is interested in contributing to the project, do check out github issues (https://github.com/mit…

All the funds were swept away in a short amount of time and in one case, remarkably, the funds were taken in around 0.67 seconds.

Remarkably, three of the deposits were swept away before our transaction even got confirmed into the blockchain.

In one case, an independently run Bitcoin node witnessed the transaction sweeping away funds occur just 0.670 seconds after it saw the original transaction enter its memory pool.

This extremely fast sweep applied to the address with the passphrase “Call me Ishmael”, the opening line from the novel Moby-Dick.

Speed the brainwallet funds were swept away (Blocks)(Source: BitMEX Research)(Notes: The first four sweeps all occurred in the same transaction)Tr…

Lack of liquidity – Liquidity on the dex was low and there was little incentive to be a market maker.

For example if the pool contains 4,000 USDT and 10 ETH, the ETH price can be calculated as 4,000/10 = $400.

However, the lack of a native UniSwap token created an opportunity for copycat dexes, to use UniSwap’s methodology, while adding a native token.

The recent defi boomRecently defi has enjoyed phenomenal growth and dexes such as UniSwap have been key to the defi success.

Therefore, even if USDT and WBTC become the dominant tokens on the dexes, defi is still somewhat interesting, in our view.

Abstract: We have installed the Blockstream Bitcoin Satellite system, a way to download and verify Bitcoin’s blockchain via satellite, without the need for an internet connection.

OverviewFollowing on from our experimentation with Bitcoin miners a few weeks ago, in this piece we install and use the “Bitcoin Satellite”, a product supplied by Blockstream.

(The satellite antenna on the roof of the building)(The satellite antenna was connected to a laptop via the S400 Pro Satellite receiver)(The S400 Pro Satellite receiver web management console)UsageWe synced the Bitcoin node to the current tip using the internet and once the tip was reached, we disabled the internet connection by adding conne…

Key HighlightsCrypto Spot Volumes Soar, with Top Tier Exchanges DominatingIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Derivatives Volumes Surge by 54%Derivatives volumes increased 53.6% in August to $711.7bn.

Derivatives exchanges saw significant increases in trading volume in August.

Exchange Benchmark AnalysisIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Following the July update to CryptoCompare’s Exchange Benchmark Ranking, the data shows that higher risk exchanges have generally lost market share, as users begin shifting to lower risk (Top-Tier) exchanges.

Abstract: We provide a follow up to our previous piece, a comparison between the Antminer S19 Pro and the Whatsminer M30S+.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)Figure 4 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.4°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)The following thermal image shows the Antminer from above.

Figure 5 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro from above(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.2°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)DisclaimerPlease note, this should be considered as a very amateur analysis.

Abstract: We compare and measure various performance metrics for two of the latest and most energy efficient Bitcoin mining products, MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+ and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro.

MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+, available for US$1,580 and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro, with a list price of US$2,407.

It should be noted that the Whatsminer M30S+ is not MicroBT’s most advanced product and a more efficient Whatsminer M30S++ has been released.

Miner Reported Hashrate (TH/s) Efficiency (J/TH) Antminer S19 95 34.5 Antminer S19 Pro 110 29.5 Whatsminer M30S+ 100 34.0 Whatsminer M30S++ 112 31.0HashrateBitmain’s S19 Pro has a reported hashrate of 110 TH/s, while the Whatsminer M30S+ can reported…

Key HighlightsTop-Tier Exchange Volumes Surge, Gaining Market ShareIn July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

The top 4 exchanges Huobi, OKEx, Binance and BitMEX represented 90% of the volume traded on this day.

In July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

Top-Tier exchanges now represent 60% of total volume.

In July, volume from the 15 largest Top-Tier exchanges increased 69% on average (vs June).

Eventually, towards the end of the softfork window, two different softforks, a flag day softfork (BIP148) and an 80% miner threshold softfork (BIP91) made signalling for the Segregated Witness softfork mandatory and therefore it finally activated.

Based on our illustration we think there are essentially six reasonably likely choices when it comes to modern softfork activation.

Activation logic to be included in Bitcoin CoreIn favour of including activation logic in Bitcoin Core Against including activation logic in Bitcoin Core If the activation methodology is not implemented in Bitcoin Core, then there is the problem of achieving coordination over the activation parametersAt the same time,…

Illustration of Bitcoin Core’s new peer selection methodologyCall to action: testing and improving asmapThe new asmap feature to better diversify network peers is now available in Bitcoin Core 0.20.

Be the first to use new security features of Bitcoin Core node, help make them secure and easy to use, and contribute to Bitcoin-related utilities!

Background: connectivity, eclipse attacks and spyingEvery Bitcoin Core node nowadays by default establishes 10 connections (8 full connections and 2 block-relay-only connections).

One may also take a look at the asmap integration into Bitcoin Core, discussed in the review club.

3 Start your testing Bitcoin Core node with the `-asmap=` config option p…

Key HighlightsCrypto Volumes Plummet in JuneIn June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier spot volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

Among the top 15 top tier exchanges, they currently represent approximately three quarters of spot volume.

In June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

In June, volume from many of the largest Top Tier exchanges decreased 35% on average (vs May).

All derivatives exchanges saw large decreases in trading volume in June, with BitMEX decreasing the most proportionally (-50.3% to $51.6bn).

Abstract: We look at the history of Bitcoin mining ASIC manufacturers, in particular the reported energy efficiency of the mining machines.

In conclusion we think that post the 2020 Bitcoin halving, further industry consolidation is likely in both the ASIC manufacturing sector and mining farm operating sector.

CanaanAs we mentioned in our December 2019 piece on the Canaan IPO, Canaan acquired the Avalon name in 2014.

(Source: Ebang 2020 IPO prospectus)Ebang launched its first product in late 2016, the Ebit E9+.

However, for a highly volatile and capital intensive industry like Bitcoin ASIC manufacturing, which can appear mysterious and opaque to traditional investors, perhaps it is not too …

Today, I’m sitting down with Su Zhu, my co-host and friend, to talk about the state of the crypto market and what he’s seeing on the horizon.

But in practice, what has happened is that the largest players in crypto itself just use it as a money market.

If you don’t need to make money on trades … so, people who LP in Uniswap don’t need to make money, right?

So, to say that because he’s short selling – it kind of just tells you the mood of the market, right?

But in Ethereum Defi, there’s this big meme around like, oh you never sell, oh you never do this or do that.

So I think you’re right, but I think there’s some nuance there where it doesn’t have to converge.

So, I mean, in general, it depends on how specific we want to be on what is perpetual swap, right?

You’re, you’re giving the market a market order.

Because if you’re letting your long expire, you’re basically if you’re market neutral, you’re presuming, you’re saying the market that you’re going to now bid spot to replicate your exposure back to get your long back.

Su Zhu (00:48:50):I think there’s, there’s a lot of there’s a lot of cool stuff that can be done.

I’m, I’m, I’m just personally not a fan of that design pattern.

Because I’m, I’m, I’m also a interesting it’s, it’s interesting how my, my feelings on this has changed over the last few months.

And, and so, so, so that’s, that’s, that’s originally where our discussion started.

So yeah, that’s, that’s, that’s hopefully a step in, in a, in a better direction.

Which, which, again, I’m, I’m, I’m happy to, to, to challenge and fight and to see where it goes.

And, and, and that’s, that’s still the purpose of the yearn system overall is to maximize APR for its LPs.

And that’s where I’d like to see it as well, because I’m, I’m, I’m a, I’m a big, I’m a big advocate for sustainable yields.

Like it’s, it’s, I’m, I’m, I’m really actually unhappy with it, but at the same time, it was very interesting to see, but, but I, I traced all of the sell events.

So, so I’m, I’m, I’m tempted to say that that’s already, I’m already observing that.

But again, that’s, that’s, that’s one of those, those fascinating side effects that like, like so much has already happened, that I could not predict them in any kind of design ideas.

Someone on Twitter asked me about the thesis that an intolerant minority can defend Bitcoin.

I think the concept of the intolerant minority is frequently misapplied in Bitcoin.

Bitcoin is less defended by an intolerant minority than it defends against an intolerant minority.

When a sufficient number of people from the otherwise-tolerant majority disagree with a special interest group, they can branch into their own special interest group.

The more intolerant it is, the larger special interest groups need to be.

He then discusses similarities of the crypto market structure to that of FX markets.

A Concise Study (by Su): In a quick analysis, Su shows how an ETF-like strategy of “buying the top 10 coins” would have performed against BTC.

The Great Race to Crypto Banking (by Hasu): Crypto exchanges and their competitors are racing to adopt, -and ultimately democratize- financial services known from legacy finance.

Bruno and Bill: a Story of Broken Trust while Building a Trustless Protocol (by Su and Hedgedhog): Su and Hedgedhog revisit the story of an ICO founder gone rogue to highlight the risks from key man risk, and admin access more generally, in DeFi.

Navigating the Crypto Gambling Wasteland (by …

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