FinCEN could rule that henceforth, if anyone wants to access tether, USD coin, or any other official stablecoin (TrueUSD, Paxos standard, Gemini dollar, Binance USD, HUSD) they will need to apply for a verified stablecoin account.

It’s not evident how a stablecoin issuer can conduct KYC on a smart contract.

This hoard of stablecoins serves as collateral backing for dai, Maker’s decentralized stablecoin.

Compound, Curve and Uniswap might try to adapt by substituting FinCEN compliant stablecoins like USD coin with decentralized ones, say like Maker’s dai stablecoin.

If Maker, like Compound and Curve, can no longer hold USD coin, then dai itself would become less stable.

Crypto payments platform BitPay has settled with the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on charges of over 2,000 apparent sanctions violations.

The company knew it was facilitating transactions for individuals in sanctioned regions because it had location information and IP addresses, OFAC claimed.

BitPay cooperated with OFAC as the agency investigated the charges.

The notice warned that cryptocurrency companies must abide by OFAC regulations and monitor for possible sanctions risks.

OFAC found the violations to be non-egregious.”The company has since improved its compliance program, the spokesperson said.

Nvidia is also launching Cryptocurrency Mining Processors (CMP) specifically for Ethereum miners.

Gates has previously criticized cryptocurrencies and said he'd short bitcoin "if there was an easy way to do it."

Announced Thursday, Radicle, a fully decentralized code repository, has raised $12 million in funding, integrated its peer-to-peer network with Ethereum and launched the RAD governance token.

Notably, it’s the first crypto investment from NFX since Libra co-creator Morgan Beller left Facebook and joined the VC firm in September 2020.

“We think about Radicle as infrastructure for decentralized communities,” Diakomichalis said in an interview.

“When it comes to value, these communities are very used to interacting with value flows; think about things like DeFi protocols on Ethereum.

A Radicle token streams mockup (Radicle)It should be said that GitHub introduced a system of code sponsoring ba…

The amount is greater than the market capitalization of Intercontinental Exchange Inc., owner of the New York Stock Exchange.

(For what it’s worth, Tesla used Coinbase for its $1.5 billion bitcoin purchase, according to The Block.)

Bitcoin WatchDecline in “whale” entities worth watching, CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole writesThe number of bitcoin addresses with at least 1,000 bitcoin (roughly $50 million worth) has trailed off recently after rising over the past year.

Token WatchEther (ETH): Ethereum cryptocurrency looks overleveraged after rising to new all-time-high price over $1,900.

The U.S. will eventually adopt bitcoin as a reserve asset, argues Zabo co-founder Alex Treece in an op-ed for Co…

“Bond King” Jeffrey Gundlach has had a change of heart on bitcoin.

Gundlach – CEO of DoubleLine Capital, an investment firm with more than $130 billion in assets under management – now says bitcoin could be a better bet than gold.

Gundlach, who’s previously said “I don’t believe in bitcoin,” tweeted Thursday that “bitcoin may be the stimulus asset.

It doesn’t look like gold is.”Gundlach’s change of stance comes on the heels of bitcoin’s dizzying rise from $10,000 to $52,000 seen in the past 4.5-months.

Gundlach noted he had been neutral on gold for the last six months, while formerly a “gold bull.” He previously said bitcoin was in “bubble territory” when it rose past $23,000 in early Janua…

Getting crypto exchanges across the world to plug into each other and share sensitive customer data is proving to be a complex problem.

This is expected to create a so-called “sunrise problem,” as some parts of the crypto world become regulated ahead of others.

The TRISA testnet begins to address that looming challenge by including a dummy version of an “evil VASP” that will provide false authentication, attempt to steal data and so on.

There are two compliant VASPs as well as the non-compliant exchange on the testnet, explained John Jefferies, co-chairman of TRISA.

“The evil VASP isn’t part of TRISA and it will try and trick people into sharing information,” said Jefferies.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

Critics are quick to invoke the South Sea Bubble of 1720 or the tulips in 1637, but it’s not clear they know enough about our financial past to make those episodes relevant for today.

It’s easy to see why comparing Bitcoin to the South Sea Company’s meteoric rise in the spring and summer of 1720 is so tempting.

This all happened during South Sea mania.

This dampens the risk to the overall financial system rather than fueling the fire like the South Sea directors did in the spring and summer of 1720.

Bitcoin’s 2021 looks nothing like the South Sea Company in 1720.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

To test out this lofty hypothesis, a few prediction markets, including Augur and Omen, are now deployed on Ethereum.

Prediction markets FAQsHow do cryptocurrencies improve prediction markets?

Usually, prediction markets are restricted to use in the countries in which they were created.

Less restrictive : Many of today's most popular prediction markets pile on restrictions.

What are some popular crypto prediction markets?

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The Swiss canton of Zug has started accepting tax payments in cryptocurrency.

No partial payments in cryptocurrency will be accepted.

Zug has been dubbed “Crypto Valley” over the many industry companies drawn to the jurisdiction over its friendly blockchain and crypto regulation.

Zug-based crypto broker and custodian Bitcoin Suisse has partnered with the canton, converting cryptocurrency payments into Swiss francs for the tax office.

According to the Zug Canton website, residents can request to pay taxes in cryptocurrency and will be emailed a link taking them to the crypto payment option.

“With this current structure, I do not feel comfortable in running a lot of long exposure.”The funding rate is calculated every eight hours and represents the cost of holding long positions.

When perpetuals trade at a premium to spot price, the funding rate is positive (longs pay shorts).

Hence, a very high funding rate is considered a sign of leverage being excessively skewed to the bullish side (overbought conditions) and often injects volatility into the market.

Ether: Average funding rate Source: SkewIn such situations, holding longs at high costs is attractive only if the bullish momentum remains strong.

A pullback or consolidation can trigger an unwinding of longs, leading to a more p…

And use that to power a Bitcoin mining rig?

A totally decentralized, unintrusive, renewable network of Bitcoin rigs whizzing away to create a secure, decentralized asset network.

When China banned bitcoin mining a few months back, the Bitcoin hash rate went down by 50%.

So, if you’d like to edit or hack the blockchain, you’d have to get 51% of the entire global bitcoin mining network to agree with you.

Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Magazine.

I think Bitcoin went up 130% on average for a decade and it’s up faster this year.

That’s Bitcoin.

What if Coinbase turned around tomorrow and decided to issue $20 billion worth of convertible bonds to buy Bitcoin?

If you don’t think Bitcoin is going to succeed, go do something else, whatever with your life, but don’t try to create a Bitcoin business.

19 September 2021Read The Language of Bitcoin: 5: "Bitcoin Has No Competition"Read The Language of Bitcoin: 4: "Bitcoin And Existential Risk"Read The Language of Bitcoin: 3: "Bitcoin: The First and Final Rival Money"Read The Language of Bitcoin: 2: "Bitcoin Alleviates Future Uncertainty"Read The Language of Bitcoin: 1: "BTC Is The Best Explana…

Also to be considered: that debt was a debt that was decided upon by the few, but burdened the many.

Now there’s no pressure to be the best in order to justify your price for your services — it’s guaranteed!

These zombie corporations have become a massive drain on our economy and society.

This is where Bitcoin the network and bitcoin the asset come into play to disrupt this relationship.

Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC, Inc. or Bitcoin Magazine.

Summary of the WeekLast week El Salvador’s official bitcoin rollout began, then Ukraine decided to jump on the bitcoin bandwagon.

This week, Laos joined the fray with plans to allow bitcoin mining and trading in the Asian nation, just months after China’s crackdown on crypto.

On Tuesday, Nayib Bukele revealed that El Salvador’s Chivo bitcoin wallet saw 500,000 registrations in its first week, adding hundreds of thousands of new bitcoin users to the ecosystem.

Besides Dalio, El Salvador’s bitcoin rollout hasn’t been all moonshine and roses.

During the week, protesters set one of the 200 bitcoin ATMs in the country alight in opposition to the regime’s bitcoin adoption and glitchy rollout.

What were the impetus of Greek ideas and the early stages of science during the Golden Age of Islam?

Greek Philosophy And ThoughtWhere would free and innovative thought be without the great Greek philosophers?

Without Thales of Miletus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Pythagoras, could the Golden Age of Islam have existed?

The Legacy Of Satoshi NakamotoFor the sake of simplicity, we will assume Satoshi Nakamoto was a person and since Satoshi is a male name in Japanese, we will assume he is a male.

What I did not realize, for a great idea to stay great, decentralization needs to be part of it.

I see bitcoin as an astonishing instrument.

Bitcoin is money fit for kings, but you must conduct king-like behavior to see king-like results.

This is why bitcoin excites me like nothing else: you don’t have to depend on these gatekeepers anymore!

That the rare artist and the rare patron are empowered to make even more idiosyncratic choices because they are on a bitcoin standard.

Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC, Inc. or Bitcoin Magazine.

There have been five discernible price spikes followed by significant drawdowns in the price action.

That many price spikes over such a short time frame is highly unusual in financial markets.

Women’s price forecasts also are significantly lower.” In markets dominated by men, price bubbles are more likely to occur.

Two populations in particular may have the most pronounced dampening effect over these winter price spikes.

New female investors in both hemispheres, as well as new male investors in the southern hemisphere, may temper this trend of winter price spikes.

Suppression of innovation: Communism is built on the belief that we should have a classless society.

The reality is that the victims of so-called capitalism are, in fact, the people who have lost capitalism due to increasing governance, regulation and control.

The Misdirection NarrativeThe notion that our societal and economic issues stem from the government may initially be difficult to believe.

Bitcoin offers a way to bridge democracy and free market capitalism by providing a true decentralized currency that is:- Permissionless: No one is excluded from using bitcoin.

“Bitcoin Information Theory.” Bitcoin Magazine, 2021,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/bitcoin-information-theory-bit.

Average year-to-date returns for the top-four North American bitcoin miners are up to 140%, versus bitcoin price returns of 49%.

For those looking for indirect bitcoin exposure or value investment bitcoin opportunities in the public markets, holding North American bitcoin miner equity is where to get it.

HODLing bitcoin still remains the best long-term option for most, but we’re clearly seeing a trend of effective bitcoin miners outperforming bitcoin returns over the last two years.As the Bitcoin network bootstraps around the world, miner revenue (in USD terms) continues to rise.

Looking at Marathon, its monthly bitcoin production increased 6% in August bringing its total bitcoin holdings t…

In order to truly bring about the adoption of bitcoin, Bitcoiners need to be able to explain its benefits in ways everyone can understand.

Nevertheless, I am trying hard to focus on Bitcoin and tell my students why it’s worthwhile to understand Bitcoin in-depth.

In a way, Bitcoin can be seen as a global piggy bank that stores monetary energy better than everything else.

One interesting experience I have made regards the Bitcoin energy topic.

Usually, people fret about Bitcoin’s energy usage.

Carlitos Rejala, who co-authored a Bitcoin bill in July, said if he wins presidency he will turn bitcoin into an official currency in Paraguay.

Yesterday, Paraguayan Congressman Carlitos Rejala shared on Twitter his plans to run for the presidency in 2023 and establish bitcoin as an official currency for his country if he wins.

Rejala also co-authored a bill proposal with Senator Silva Facetti in July that sought to regulate Bitcoin in Paraguay, though that bill classified BTC as property instead of legal tender.

Ukraine recently took steps in that direction by legalizing Bitcoin, although the new legislation did not make the currency a legal tender in the country.

Paraguay is now the lates…

Hut 8 Mining announced the closing of its underwritten public offering of common shares in the United States and Canada.

On Friday Hut 8 Mining announced the closing of its underwritten public offering of common shares in the United States and Canada.

Hut 8 sold 20,182,500 common shares including a full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase an additional 2,632,500 shares.

The common shares were offered to the public at a price of US$8.55 per share resulting in $172,560,375 of gross proceeds to Hut 8.

Hut 8 now holds over 4,000 Bitcoin, worth $190 million in cold storage.

Fidelity Digital Assets published the 2021 Institutional Investor Digital Assets Study that tracked institutional investor's behavior in the face of the delicate situation traditional markets endured for the past year.

Considering all investors surveyed across the globe, 52% of respondents said they invest in bitcoin or cryptocurrency, and 9 in 10 investors find those assets appealing.

Fidelity also researched what institutional investors currently see as the biggest barriers to adoption.

That is an interesting point made by the investors surveyed because although the broader "cryptocurrencies" do lack fundamentals, Bitcoin is perhaps the most well-founded asset today.

"As a nascent industr…

Domain name giant Namecheap now accepts Bitcoin as payment for its services, becoming the first major domain registrar to accept Bitcoin from its customers.

Domain name giant Namecheap now accepts Bitcoin as payment for its services, becoming the first major domain registrar to accept Bitcoin from its customers.

“We're delighted to inform you that we now accept the Bitcoin payment method, in addition to PayPal, Visa, Mastercard, and American Express,” the company wrote in a statement.

Namecheap says it has been receiving requests to accept Bitcoin payments for months from its tech audience.

On Namecheap’s website the Bitcoin payment page reads: “Bitcoin is a decentralized P2P currency that …

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In brief A Bitcoin wallet that lay practically dormant for nine years suddenly came online today.

The wallet contained 616 Bitcoins.

On December 10, 2012, the wallet received some 616.2004 Bitcoin.

Back then, Bitcoin was worth $13.30 and the entire transaction was worth about $8,195.

However, with Bitcoin worth $47,811 today, the stash has ballooned to a princely $29.4 million.

NFT project Emblem Vault has blown up over the last month to become the second-largest NFT project by sales volume, according to NFT data aggregator CryptoSlam.

In the last twenty-four hours, Emblem Vault NFTs generated over $5 million in sales, in 607 transactions from 300 buyers.

What is an Emblem Vault NFT?

Every Emblem Vault NFT contains a series of blockchain addresses generated from a single seed phrase.

But the sudden loss of activity hasn’t dented Emblem Vaults’ standing as the second biggest NFT project on the market right now.

Cosmos crossed the $40 mark yesterday and hit an all-time high of $40.76.

On August 18, the price of Cosmos rallied 25% from $15 to $20 after the launch of a cross-chain DeFi interface called Emeris.

At the end of August, Cosmos also opened a bridge with the Ethereum network.

The integration of Sifchain, a decentralized exchange (DEX) built on Cosmos, with the inter-blockchain communication protocol (IBC) enabled trading between the Cosmos and Ethereum networks for the first time.

As of today, Cosmos is the twenty-first biggest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, but at this rate it’d take only $0.8 billion for it to flip FTX Token and make it into the top twenty.

Homeland Security has given a $1.36 million contract to crypto exchange giant Coinbase for “business application” and “application development software”, according to the Federal Procurement Data System.

The deal was signed on Thursday and is worth around forty times more than Coinbase’s last contract with the Homeland Security branch.

Details as to exactly what the ICE wants Coinbase software for are scarce.

The IRS said that it could use several analytics tools to help catch blockchain-savvy tax dodgers, including “Coinbase Analytics”, formerly known as Neutrino.

Coinbase later sourced analytics software deals with both the Secret Service and the IRS.

In the past week, investment in some Solana-based DeFi protocols came so thick and fast that the blockchain couldn’t handle all the attention.

Solana crashed for 17 hours on Tuesday after bots rushed to invest in a token sale for Grape Protocol.

It’s all powered by the protocol’s token, GRAPE.

Next up is Parrot Protocol, which raised $69 million in an Initial DEX Offering from investors including Sino Global Capital, Alameda Research, and QTUM VC.

Contrastive, a generative AI art series on the Solana blockchain is set to launch in two days.

In brief SushiSwap’s pseudonymous co-founder, 0xMaki, has stepped down from leading the exchange.

SushiSwap co-founder and project leader 0xMaki has stood down as the de facto premier of the decentralized finance project.

Nomi returned the money shortly thereafter, but 0xMaki stepped up as leader after Nomi was excommunicated from the protocol.

Although he will no longer lead the project, 0xMaki will continue to advise the DeFi protocol, which primarily operates as a decentralized exchange, yield farm and liquidity miner.

The funds were returned shortly after the hack.

Solana (SOL) surged 350% between August 7 and September 7.

But then on Tuesday, the Solana network went down.

Solana's tools are also remarkably easy to use, something you discover right away when you try them out.

"Where I would be a bit more skeptical of things like Solana is that I haven't really seen anything new that's really pushing the space forward," Tomaino saays.

), and how a challenger like Solana weathers growing pains like this outage will determine its staying power.

While global crypto markets grew 2.5% overnight to hit a new total market cap of $2.48 trillion, two Ethereum rivals led the charge: Solana and Avalanche.

Solana is still just over $30 shy of its former all-time high, set 10 days ago.

It hasn’t been an easy week for the Solana network.

The IDO in question was for Grape Protocol, a popular toolkit for decentralized finance applications on Solana.

​​The following day, the outage crashed the price of Solana by 13% to $145, but later in the same day, network validators rebooted the network and the price of Solana recovered to $163.

The infrastructure bill passed by the Senate and now pending in the House contains an overlooked “digital assets” provision that would be a disaster if it becomes law.

— Abraham Sutherland (@abesutherland) September 17, 2021Writing in his role as an advisor to the POSA, law professor Abraham Sutherland details how the infrastructure bill amends Section 6050I of the tax code.

The tax code currently mandates that people report such information to the IRS when they receive $10,000 in cash.

Sutherland also calls into question the process by which the amended IRS code will become law—via a bill on completely unrelated topics.

"A statute creating felony crimes for users of digital assets should b…

Binance, which has been plagued of late by high-profile regulatory admonitions, is now under investigation over insider trading claims, according to a report today from Bloomberg.

The report, which cites anonymous sources, states that that Commodity Futures Trading Commission is involved.

The CFTC has regulatory purview over derivatives trading in the U.S.

Binance is already being probed by the CFTC, which is investigating whether the world's top exchange illegally allowed U.S. residents to use the service.

The Department of Justice and Internal Revenue Service have also been looking into the firm's activities, according to a May report.

In brief Movie theater chain AMC will accept Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Bitcoin Cash.

AMC’s stock price rose as part of this year’s meme stock trend; meme coin Dogecoin also soared.

Back in January, movie theater chain AMC’s stock price surged as part of this year’s “meme stock” trading frenzy, alongside GameStop, Nokia, and others.

With its stock price now up more than 2,100% since the start of the year, AMC has leaned into its “meme” status and the social media fervor around it.

AMC’s stock price surged this year as part of a social media campaign led by the Reddit community r/WallStreetBets, which initially targeted GameStop’s stock.

"The light-bulb-on moment for institutions is shining bright right now," Tejpaul said.

Tejpaul said he can group the inquiries Coinbase is getting on the institutional side into four main buckets.

Around 75% of Coinbase's institutional clients own more than just Bitcoin, Tejpaul said, and of that group, some 25% own at least five cryptocurrencies.

"So that's smart contracts and thinking through the utility function of crypto, beyond and away from speculative investment," Tejpaul said.

"Today most institutions are not willing to hold primary crypto assets, institutions that are licensed can't participate in DeFi," Brooks said.

Blockstream has raised $210 millionBlockstream has raised $210 million in a Series B funding round that values the bitcoin technology firm at $3.2 billion and will fund an expansion into manufacturing mining chips.

U.K. investment management firm Baillie Gifford and iFinex, the parent company of cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex and stablecoin issuer Tether, participated in the round, Blockstream said Tuesday.

No other investors were mentioned.

Blockstream also said it had acquired the intellectual property and key employees of Israeli bitcoin mining hardware manufacturer Spondoolies for undisclosed terms.

World Bank refuses to help El Salvador implement BitcoinAs reported by Reuters, the World Bank has responded negatively to El Salvador's request for help in fully implementing bitcoin as legal tender in the country, citing concerns about Bitcoin’s transparency and environmental impact.

"We are committed to helping El Salvador in numerous ways including for currency transparency and regulatory processes," a World Bank spokesperson told Reuters via email.

"While the government did approach us for assistance on bitcoin, this is not something the World Bank can support given the environmental and transparency shortcomings."

Taproot locked inTaproot has locked in with Bitcoin protocol upgrade now set to activate in November.

Taproot, the Bitcoin protocol upgrade that makes smart contracts more private and compact, has locked in.

As of just now, more than 90 percent of all blocks that will be mined in the current difficulty period have signaled support for the upgrade, which means that Bitcoin Core versions 0.21.1 and newer will start enforcing the new rules in November of this year, as will the alternative Taproot activation client.

Square allocates $5 mln in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment programFinancial services company Square has allocated $5 million in BTC to its Bitcoin Endowment program and has selected educational program Black Bitcoin Billionaire as the first-ever recipient for a grant from the program.

Black Bitcoin Billionaire is receiving 1 BTC from the endowment, according to Square.

The allocation comes as part of a larger commitment to invest $100 million in minority and underserved communities, originally made in September 2020.

Square announced the allocation of $25 million of this total investment yesterday and released a memo outlining more details.

Ledger completes $380 million fundraiseLedger, a hardware wallet manufacturer for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, has announced the completion of a $380 million series C investment round led by cryptocurrency-focused investment fund 10T Holdings, whose CEO will now be joining the Ledger board.

With this fundraising round, Ledger has an implied $1.5 billion valuation, conferring it the status of a “unicorn” startup.

“This Series C announcement marks the transition of Ledger from the leading digital asset security company to becoming the secure gateway to the entire digital asset ecosystem,” said Ledger’s CEO Pascal Gauthier, per the announcement.

“This industry is fast becoming mainstrea…

El Salvador officially recognizes Bitcoin as a legal tenderIn an early Wednesday vote, a supermajority of the nation’s legislature voted in favor of President Nayib Bukele’s proposal for the Latin American nation to adopt bitcoin.

The president intends to sign later tonight or early in the morning.

Sixty-two members of the legislature voted in favor of the bill, with 19 opposed and three abstentions.

HRF donates $210,000 in Bitcoin ecosystem grantsThe Human Rights Foundation (HRF) Bitcoin Development Fund's latest round will award a total of $210,000 to three Bitcoin Core contributors, two Lightning Network wallet teams and an Arabic translator.

"This round of gifts will focus on: Bitcoin core development, making it easier to run nodes and making it harder to Sybil attack nodes, wallet optimization for emerging markets, privacy improvements for Lightning apps, [and] expanding arabic language Bitcoin education and translation," announced HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein.

HRF will award the largest sum to the Bitcoin Core developers Calvin Kim, Dhruv Mehta and Abubakar Nur Khalil…

Marathon will start signaling for TaprootMara Pool, the bitcoin mining pool operated by digital asset technology company Marathon Digital Holdings, will update its miners to the latest Bitcoin Core 0.21.1 software to signal for Taproot activation, and stop censoring transactions.

"Marathon is committed to the core tenets of the Bitcoin community, including decentralization, inclusion, and no censorship," said Marathon's CEO Fred Thiel.

"Over the coming week, we will be updating all our miners to the full standard Bitcoin core 0.21.1 node, including support for Taproot.

By adopting the full standard Bitcoin core node, we will be validating transactions on the blockchain in the exact same way…

SEC Chair Gensler: We 'should be ready' to enforce crypto casesNew Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Gary Gensler remarked today that the agency "should be ready to bring cases involving issues such as crypto."

Speaking at the 2021 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Annual Conference, Gensler told the virtual conference attendees, "As we think about enforcement, to me, the idea is pretty simple: We need rules of the road and a cop on the beat to protect everyday investors and achieve our...mission."

Chinese Bitcoin miner BIT Mining to build mining data center in TexasBIT Mining will invest US$25.7 million in the Texas crypto mining facility, which it will construct and operate jointly with Dory Creek, a wholly-owned subsidiary of fellow Chinese cryptocurrency cloud mining platform Bitdeer.

The total hashrate capacity of the Texas mining center will be 57.2 MW, more than 85% of which will be sourced from low-carbon energy.

Wells Fargo becomes latest banking giant to make foray into cryptoSan Francisco-headquartered banking giant Wells Fargo is set to add its own cryptocurrency strategy for wealthy clients by mid-June.

Darrell Cronk, the president of Wells Fargo Investment Institute (WFII), claims that the bank now views crypto as a "viable investable asset":

MicroStrategy announces $10M Bitcoin purchaseAccording to its May 18 SEC filing, the company has purchased yet another $10 million worth of Bitcoin at an average price of $43,663 per coin.

The company currently holds 92,079 Bitcoins that are worth an estimated $2.251 billion.

Argo Blockchain purchases 2 facilities in QuebecU.K.-based Argo Blockchain continues to grow its footprint in North America.

Last week, the block reward miner announced it completed the purchase of two data centers in Quebec, Canada.

The purchase follows an earlier announcement this year that the firm purchased land in Texas to build a digital currency mining facility.

Argo CEO Peter Wall said, “Argo’s purchase of data centers in Canada represents another milestone for the company as we seek to take greater control over our mining production and mining cost base, while also laying solid foundations for long-term growth.”

Increasing popularity of Bitcoin pressures Samsung to add hardware wallet support to Its Galaxy smartphonesSouth Korean tech giant Samsung has added support for third-party cryptocurrency hardware wallets to its Galaxy smartphones.

These wallets including the Ledger Nano S and Nano X.

According to an announcement the company published, its smartphones supporting the Samsung Blockchain Wallet – which is available on the Samsung Galaxy store – can now be linked with cryptocurrency hardware wallets designed specifically to keep users’ cryptoassets secure.

Gas powered Bitcoin miner Greenidge commits to go carbon neutral to offset emissionsThe gas-powered Bitcoin mining plant will go fully carbon neutral next month.

Greenidge currently uses natural gas in its Bitcoin mining operation.

On Friday it announced it is committed to attaining 100% carbon neutrality.

It’s hoping to achieve this through carbon offsetting.

Дaнныe, coбpaнныe Finbold, пoкaзывaют, чтo cpeднeмecячнoe кoличecтвo пoиcкoвыx зaпpocoв в интepнeтe пo ключeвoму cлoвocoчeтaнию «купить биткoйн» вo вcём миpe дocтиглo 241 000, чтo в тpи paзa бoльшe, чeм «купить зoлoтo», и пoчти в шecть paз бoльшe, чeм «купить Ethereum».

Peзультaты пoкaзывaют, чтo aмepикaнцы ищут «купить биткoйн» 116 000 paз в мecяц, чтo cocтaвляeт 48% oт oбщeмиpoвoгo oбъёмa пoиcкoвыx зaпpocoв.

Kpoмe тoгo, этo пpимepнo в тpи paзa бoльшe зaпpocoв пo cлoвaм «купить зoлoтo» (З9 000).

«Зoлoтo упaлo нa 10,5% в тoм жe гoду, кoгдa биткoйн выpoc нa ЗЗ2%.

Hecмoтpя нa нeдaвнee мнoгoкpaтнoe пoвышeниe цeны биткoйнa, oжидaeтcя, чтo в oбoзpимoм будущeм oн выpacтeт пo oтнoшeнию к дoллapу C…

Итак, кто сегодня главный ходлер, и что из этого следует?

На сегодня на балансе компании содержится более 100 000 BTC, а также в этом приняли участие множество публичных компаний (пока в основном небольших).

Так кто же главный ходлер на сегодня?

На самом деле можно возразить, что на данный момент место этой компании больше в ETF, чем в категории публичных компаний.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

В субботу, 6 ноября 2021 года, эксперты в области криптовалют и блокчейн встретятся на самой ожидаемой конференции этого года — BlockchainWave, которая традиционно проходит в Турции.

Этой осенью организаторы решили изменить формат и провести опен-эйр в саду на берегу Средиземного моря, где участники смогут не только обсудить проблемы и перспективы крипторынка, но и установить новые знакомства в непринужденной обстановке.

В ходе конференции будут рассмотрены следующие темы:крипто-трейдинг в 2021 годуперспективы рынка NFTинвестиции в блокчейн проекты в нынешних реалияхDeFi, краудфандинг и токенсейл: новые тенденциимайнинг-2021юридические аспекты легализации криптовалют в разныхстранахдецентра…

Интересный факт о прозрачности блокчейна заключается в том, что в данных можно увидеть всевозможные идеи.

Биткойн стал прозрачным благодаря структуре учёта неизрасходованных выходов транзакций (UTXO), и каждые десять минут каждый участник сети (нода) проходит аудит.

А значит, что в настоящее время из всех добытых монет около 22% потеряно, возможно, навсегда.

Это очень важно отметить, поскольку капитализация биткойна составляет всего 21 миллион, и это число является неизменным.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

Koгдa-тo мы читaли нoвocти o тoм, чтo зa биткoйн мoжнo былo пoкупaть вcё – oт cуши дo Maserati.

CMИ пpивeли выcкaзывaниe cтapшeгo экoнoмиcтa иccлeдoвaтeльcкoгo инcтитутa Nomura Taкaxидe Kиучи, в кoтopoм oн зaявил, чтo poзничныe тopгoвцы cчитaют, чтo BTC cлишкoм вoлaтилeн, чтoбы иcпoльзoвaтьcя в кaчecтвe фopмы oплaты.

Дaжe удивитeльнo, чтo в тaкoй тexнoлoгичecки paзвитoй cтpaнe, кaк Япoния, бaлoм пo-пpeжнeму пpaвят нaличныe дeньги.

The Japan Times cooбщилa, чтo в 2019 гoду тoлькo 27% плaтeжeй были бeзнaличными, a ocтaльныe ocущecтвлялиcь c пoмoщью купюp и мoнeт.

Пoжaлуй, пocлeдняя и caмaя тpуднoулoвимaя чacть гoлoвoлoмки – этo вoпpoc, кaк вepнуть пpизнaниe людeй и вoзpoдить вepу в BTC кaк в …

ОтKpупнeйшaя в миpe кoмпaния Apple cтoлкнулacь c кoллeктивным иcкoм oт гpуппы нeдoвoльныx дepжaтeлeй XRP, кoтopыe утвepждaют, чтo пoтepяли cвoи cpeдcтвa из-зa фишингoвoгo пpилoжeния.

16 ceнтябpя ИT-cпeциaлиcт пo кибepбeзoпacнocти Xaдoнa Дип пoдaлa иcк в Фeдepaльный oкpужнoй cуд штaтa Mэpилeнд oт имeни лиц, пoпaвшиx в aнaлoгичнoe пoлoжeниe.

Юpидичecкий cпop кacaeтcя кpиптoвaлютнoгo кoшeлькa пoд нaзвaниeм Toast Plus.

Из-зa cвoeй зaмкнутoй экocиcтeмы кoмпaния пoлнocтью кoнтpoлиpуeт paзмeщeниe пpилoжeний в мaгaзинe пpилoжeний.

B мapтe этoгo гoдa oнa пepeвeлa cвoи aктивы в пpилoжeниe Toast Plus, a зaтeм oбнapужилa, чтo eё XRP пpoпaли, a учётнaя зaпиcь удaлeнa.

Аналитик Уилл Клементе разбирает текущую ситуацию на рынке биткойна, с помощью ончейн-метрик отделяя сигнал от шума.

Это справедливо, так как пандемия в марте 2020 года показала: биткойн определённо может выступать как безрисковым, так и рискованным активом.

Итог: чистая сила доллара — это чистое ужесточение финансовых условий, и за этим следует внимательно следить.

Любые действия, связанные с инвестициями и торговлей на крипторынках, сопряжены с риском потери инвестируемых средств.

На основании предоставленных данных, вы принимаете инвестиционные решения взвешенно, ответственно и на свой страх и риск.

Kpупнeйшaя aукциoннaя и oцeнoчнaя кoмпaния Aвcтpaлии Lloуds Classic Car Auctions гoтoвит мepoпpиятиe, нa кoтopoм люди cмoгут купить aвтoмoбили, coбpaнныe для cъёмoк фильмa 2015 гoдa «Бeзумный Maкc: Дopoгa яpocти» c Toмoм Xapди и Шapлиз Tepoн в глaвныx poляx.

Cпeциaльнo для нeгo были пoдгoтoвлeны cтapинныe aвтoмoбили, пpeвpaщённыe в бoeвыe мaшины в cтилe cтимпaнк, aнaлoгoв кoтopым в иcтopии кинo пpocтo нeт.

Aукциoн будeт пpoxoдить в peжимe oнлaйн 25 и 26 ceнтябpя c 10:00 дo 19:00 (AEST) нa oфициaльнoм caйтe Lloуds.

Bocтopжeнныe пoклoнники фильмa, кинoмaны или зaинтepecoвaнныe инвecтopы мoгут пpoизвoдить плaтeжи в любoй нaциoнaльнoй вaлютe, a тaкжe в любoй виpтуaльнoй вaлютe – биткoйнax, aльт…

Нильс Андерсен-Рёд возглавит отдел аудита и расследований и будет курировать выявление пользователей, которые совершают противоправные действия на сервисах торговой платформы.

Крупнейшая в мире по объемам торгов криптовалютная биржа Binance сообщила о назначении бывшего специалиста полицейской службы ЕС по даркнету (скрытый от общего доступа сегмент интернета) Нильса Андерсена-Рёда на должность главы отдела аудита и расследований.

В Binance отметили, что Андерсен-Рёд будет курировать расследования для выявления пользователей, которые совершают противоправные действия на сервисах торговой платформы.

В Binance я буду в состоянии защищать платформы и пользователей от этих злоумышленников, помо…

ОтЛидep быcтpo нaбиpaющeй пoпуляpнocть «Hapoднoй пapтии» Kaнaды Maкcим Бepньe зaявил, чтo пoддepживaeт биткoйн и кpиптoвaлютный pынoк.

Этo зaявлeниe пpoзвучaлo вceгo зa нeдeлю дo фeдepaльныx выбopoв в кaнaдcкий пapлaмeнт.

Paнee пoлитик pacкpитикoвaл пpeмьep-миниcтpa Джacтинa Tpюдo зa злoупoтpeблeниe «кeйнcиaнcкими aппapaтчикaми» в Бaнкe Kaнaды и пeчaть дeнeг для финaнcиpoвaния «гигaнтcкoгo дeфицитa».

Haпpимep, упpaвляющий диpeктop SwanBitcoin Cтeфaн Ливepa oтpeaгиpoвaл нa cлoвa Бepньe cлoвaми o тoм, чтo биткoйн пpeвocxoдит зoлoтo и являeтcя «eдинcтвeнным шaнcoм» Kaнaды.

Hecмoтpя нa тo, чтo в нacтoящee вpeмя у пapтии нeт мecт в пapлaмeнтe, oпpocы укaзывaют нa тo, чтo нa фeдepaльныx выбopax, …

Дмитрий Гурин утверждает, что устройство с криптовалютой находилось в его личном автомобиле, который угнали в апреле текущего года.

В похищенном кошельке, отмечает издание, «лежали» 42 биткойна, которые, согласно декларации о доходах Гурина за 2020 года, принадлежали супруге депутата.

(по курсу биткойна на начало декабря 2020 года), по нынешнему курсу стоимость 42 биткойнов составляет около $2 млн.

Гурин утверждает, что 21 апреля текущего года злоумышленники угнали его автомобиль, в котором и находился «холодный» кошелек с биткойнами.

Согласно сервису Опендатабот, в 2020 году украинские чиновники задекларировали более 46 тыс.

16 сентября в Будапеште (Венгрия) на глазах у большой и воодушевленной толпы была открыта статуя создателя биткоина Сатоши Накамото.

Каждый, кто посмотрит на бронзового Накамото, увидит в нем себя.

Бронзовый Сатоши Накамото одет в толстовку с логотипом биткойна, его голову скрывает капюшон.

Такое решение скульпторов также связано с тем, что пол, рост, вес и возраст Сатоши Накамото неизвестны, поэтому памятник — всего лишь условный образ анонимного создателя биткойна.

Статуя установлена в парке Graphisoft в 3-м районе Будапешта, где уже есть статуя, изображающая основателя Apple Стива Джобса (Steve Jobs) в его обычном образе — джинсах, кроссовках и водолазке.

Платежная компания PayPal объявила о допуске своих британских клиентов к торговле и хранению криптовалюты.

С 17 сентября жители Великобритании могут использовать мобильное приложение PayPal для работы с биткойном, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum и Litecoin.

В июле PayPal увеличила недельный лимит на покупку криптовалюты для некоторых клиентов из США до $100 тыс.

У клиентов PayPal из США появилась возможность расплачиваться криптовалютой еще в марте текущего года.

Пользователи из США получили доступ к криптовалюте через сервисы PayPal в ноябре 2020 года.

Биткоин — это денежный стандарт, который однажды станет глобальной резервной валютой.

Такое мнение выразил глава SkyBridge Capital Энтони Скарамуччи в подкасте Career Stories.

Always a pleasure talking with #Bitcoin bull and investment savant @Scaramucci, one of the best storytellers I’ve ever interviewed.

Hear his family’s humble immigrant story, how he hustled for his career, why he turned against Trump, & his belief in BTC:https://t.co/cVEv3pp8pP— Natalie Brunell (@natbrunell) September 16, 2021

Московские правоохранители задержали мужчину, подозреваемого в обмане местной жительницы в ходе сделки по покупке криптовалюты. По данным МВД, пострадавшая перевела биткоины стоимостью более 7 млн рублей подозреваемому в ходе личной встречи. Последний предложил дождаться уведомления о поступлении криптовалюты и дойти до пункта обмена валюты для передачи наличных. Когда они оказались у обменника, появились неизвестные, которые посадили мужчину в машину и уехали. Деньги за биткоины потерпевшая так и не получила. Девушка обратилась в полицию и сообщила марку автомобиля, в результате правоохранители задержали подозреваемого. Возбуждено уголовное дело о мошенничестве. Ранее полиция установила дв…

Злоумышленник использовал уязвимость кода и вывел 277 BTC (~$12,7 млн) из кроссчейн-протокола децентрализованного финансирования (DeFi) pNetwork.

1/N We're sorry to inform the community that an attacker was able to leverage a bug in our codebase and attack pBTC on BSC, stealing 277 BTC (most of its collateral).

The other bridges were not affected.

All other funds in the pNetwork are safe.

Повышенное внимание центробанка РФ к криптовалютам связано с их использованием в анонимных расчетах между гражданами. Об этом сообщил "Интерфакс" со ссылкой на директора департамента финансового мониторинга и валютного контроля Банка России Илью Ясинского. По его мнению, из-за высокой волатильности цифровые валюты не могут рассматриваться гражданами в качестве инвестиционного инструмента.

"Основной элемент любой криптовалюты – это абсолютная либо относительная анонимность. Анонимные расчеты проводят для того, чтобы опосредовать какие-то противозаконные цели. Именно этим тезисом руководствуется регулятор в настоящее время, говоря о том, что везде, где присутствуют криптовалюты, там как миним…

У властей и Центробанка Турции нет проблем с открытостью к криптовалютам, напротив, они "ведут отдельную войну и борьбу" с ними. Об этом президент Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган заявил на встрече со студентами, сообщает BloombergHT. По его словам, страна не будет способствовать распространению частных цифровых активов, а продолжит использовать собственную валюту. Последнюю он назвал частью национальной идентичности. Комментарий Эрдогана последовал в ответ на вопрос о платформе для цифровой лиры, меморандум о создании которой подписали ЦБ и три отечественные исследовательские и технологические компании. Ранее предполагалось, что тестирование цифровой валюты центрального банка (CBDC) в стране начнется …

Президент Сальвадора Найиб Букеле рассказал, что правительство приобрело дополнительные 150 BTC на просадке курса первой криптовалюты до $45 000.

We just bought the dip.

150 new coins!

El Salvador now holds 700 coins.#Bitcoin🇸🇻— Nayib Bukele 🇸🇻 (@nayibbukele) September 20, 2021

Комиссия по ценным бумагам Алабамы (ASC) потребовала от сервиса криптовалютного кредитования Celsius Network объяснить, почему его предложения не представляют собой продажу ценных бумаг в соответствии с законодательством штата.

Согласно приказу, «инвестиционные программы, обозначенные как Celsius Earn Reward, представляют собой привлечение денежных средств, от которых ожидается возврат инвестиций».

Ранее регуляторы Техаса и Нью-Джерси обвинили Celsius Network в продаже незарегистрированных ценных бумаг.

По его словам, компания не согласна с заявлениями о нарушении законодательства.

We always have, and will continue to, work with regulators in the US and globally to operate in full complianc…

Рынок криптовалют растет экспоненциально — его капитализация превысила $2 трлн. Только с начала года этот показатель вырос на 180%. Не менее впечатляющие результаты демонстрирует и сегмент децентрализованных финансов (DeFi). Его TVL составляет $181 млрд, рост с начала года превысил 500%. Популярность приложений на базе смарт-контрактов открывает лазейки для получения дополнительного дохода, опирающиеся на рыночные неэффективности, специфические особенности архитектуры Ethereum и других блокчейн-систем, а также распространенного в DeFi механизма автоматического маркетмейкера со свойственными ему проскальзываниями и непостоянными убытками. Одна из таких лазеек — Miner Extractable Value (MEV).…

Банк России определил критерии для блокировки транзакций с биткоин-обменниками и рекомендовал тормозить переводы в адрес криптовалютных бирж, Walmart опроверг новость о сотрудничестве с Litecoin, Solana и Arbitrum столкнулись с техническими трудностями и другие события уходящей недели. Биткоин подорожал почти на 6%, цена Ethereum выросла на 3% В течение недели биткоин торговался в широком канале $44 000-$48 800, подорожав на 5,7%, согласно CoinGecko. На момент написания цена цифрового золота находится на отметке $47 700. Часовой график BTC/USDT биржи Binance. Данные: TradingView. Цена Ethereum выросла на 3%, 16 сентября поднявшись выше $3600. На момент написания актив торгуется вблизи $3300…

ParaSwap is a DEX aggregator that aims to provide the best prices over multiple DEXes on the Ethereum blockchain.

Users are able to scan dozens of exchanges for the best possible crypto price points, and get the most for their swaps.

We were joined by ParaSwap Founder, Mounir Benchemled, to chat about his role in the French DeFi community, DEX aggregators in general, and what makes ParaSwap an important slice of the DeFi ecosystem.

Mike Novogratz is the CEO of Galaxy Digital, an investment bank targeting institutional investors, which he also founded.

He was formerly a Partner and President of Fortress Investment Group LLC and prior to that Partner at Goldman Sachs.

Considered quite the risk taker, he has made and lost many fortunes over the years.

We chatted to Mike about the cross over between finance and blockchain, regulatory affairs, and of course, wrestling.

The DFINITY Foundation is a not-for-profit scientific research organization with a mission to build, promote, and maintain the Internet Computer.

The IC is a layer 1 smart contract enabled blockchain which achieves remarkable scaling properties through native sharding.

We were joined by Founder and Chief Scientist of DFINITY, Dominic Williams, who explained his deep support for smart contracts, gave us an insight into the Internet Computer Ecosystem, and shared his visions for its future.

Aztec Protocol enables private transactions on Ethereum.

It uses a zero-knowledge proof system, allowing users to effectively create shielded representations of tokens, which can then be sent and redeemed for the underlying token.

They recently launched Aztec 2.0 and their rollup service for Ethereum, zk.money.

This allows users to submit Ether to the Aztec rollup contract with the options to shield, send privately, unshield and emergency ushield (escape hatch).

The latest version also allows DeFi users to save gas and participate anonymously in DeFi transactions.

Badger is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) with a single purpose: To build the products and infrastructure necessary to accelerate Bitcoin as collateral across other blockchains.

BadgerDAO is extremely community focused and has succeeded in creating a seamlessly operating DAO out of a group of random people with a shared set of values and a mission.

BadgerDAO’s founder, Chris Spadafora, joined us to talk about how he built this decentralized community, why Bitcoin & DeFi, and the products they have created including Sett and Digg

VitaDAO is a decentralized collective funding early stage longevity research.

Their mission is to extend human lifespan by researching, financing, and commercializing longevity therapeutics in an open and democratic manner.

We were joined by Tyler Golato and Paul Kohlhaas, co-founders of Molecule and initiators of VitaDAO to talk about how drug discovery and approval currently works, what the status of longevity research is, what role IP plays — and how all of this could change in the future with DAOs like VitaDAO.

Vitalik Buterin joins us for an in-depth conversation at EthCC 4 in Paris.

During his keynote presentation, he expressed his hope for Ethereum to go beyond DeFi as he wishes to see more non-financial applications built on the platform.

From better social media platforms to novel approaches for funding public goods, from his perspective, Ethereum has the potential to change the world for the better, beyond financial applications.

EthCC is back and stronger than ever!

Despite the pandemic, ongoing travel restrictions and sanitary passes, the Ethereum France team hosted the fourth edition of the Ethereum Community Conference in Paris.

Over 1,000 people attended the week-long affair, which saw an impressive number of side events and, as always, legendary parties.

For many attendees, it was their first conference since last year’s edition, and the first time they were able to embrace their fellow Etherians since the beginning of the pandemic.

For this EthCC recap panel, we’re joined by Kaiko CEO Ambre Soubiran, Ethereum France President Jerome de Tychey, and ParaSwap Founder Mounir Benchemled.

Recently launched Osmosis is a Cosmos based and IBC enabled AMM protocol that allows for a high level of customization by liquidity providers.

As the main dex on the Cosmos network, Osmosis provides liquidity for IBC-enabled Cosmos assets like AKT and ATOM for the first time.

Head of the Osmosis development team, Sunny Aggarwal, joined us for a chat about why the protocol was built and the problem it solves, the wider Cosmos ecosystem, and the roadmap for the protocol.

Originally started with a focus on prediction markets, Gnosis has done innovative work around automated market makers (AMMs) and decentralized exchanges for years.

The latest protocol launched by the Gnosis team is CowSwap.

CowSwap introduces various innovations that could improve user experience, reduce gas costs, reduce the effects of MEV and result in better outcomes for retail traders.

We were joined by Felix Leupold, software developer at Gnosis to discuss CowSwap and the future of decentralized exchanges.

Centrifuge is an open and permissionless protocol built on Polkadot and Ethereum that unlocks collateral for DeFi.

Centrifuge allows for the tokenization of real world assets such as invoices, real estate, or goods, and puts them on the blockchain.

Investors lend dai in exchange for an interest rate that depends on the borrower and the asset used as collateral.

We were joined by Lucas Vogelsang, CEO & Centrifuge Co-founder, and Cassidy Daly, Token Design & Research at Centrifuge.

They explained why they built the protocol and how it works, the first application built on top, Tinlake, its integration with other DeFi platforms such as Maker, and their vision for the future.

Ethereum 2.0 is an upgrade to the Ethereum network that aims to improve the network’s security and scalability.

Recently, we chatted to Danny Ryan about the Merge and switch to Proof of Stake.

As a follow up to that episode, we were joined by Dankrad Feist, who heads the sharding and statelessness research at the Ethereum Foundation.

We dove deep into the technical infrastructure of how Eth2 addresses scaling through sharding, the pros and cons of data shards vs. execution shards, and how this links up with ZK-rollups.

We also talked about the Ethereum state and how the state can be altered for protocol improvements.

zkSync is a trustless protocol for scalable low-cost transactions on Ethereum.

It’s also the only zkRollup protocol which supports EVM smart contracts.

Alex Gluchowski is co-founder of Matter Labs, and co-creator of zkSync.

We spoke with Alex in depth about how the protocol works and the potential for a highly scalable transaction and application layer on Ethereum.

By default, all transactions made on Ethereum are public.

Tornado Cash is a decentralized privacy preserving solution built on Ethereum which adds privacy through obfuscation.

Users can place Ether and some stable coins in prescribed increments [1 Eth, 10 Eth, 100 Eth…] into the Tornado Pool.

In return, they are issued a private note, with which they can withdraw funds at a later time to a different address.

We were joined by Roman Semenov, co-founder of Tornado Cash, to talk about how the protocol works, how it was set up, community governance, and where he sees Tornado Cash’s position in the quickly growing privacy ecosystem on Ethereum.

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Audius, a blockchain native music streaming platform, hit six million monthly active users in August and announced a partnership with TikTok. Roneil Rumburg, co-founder and CEO of Audius, talks about[...]

The post How Crypto Streaming Service Audius Hit Six Million Monthly Active Users appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Pplpleasr, the artist behind Fortune magazine’s recent crypto cover and Uniswap’s V3 announcement animation, talks about her crypto journey and how NFTs are changing the game for creators.

Show highlights:how not getting a job at Apple changed her life foreverhow the Pplpleasr-Uniswap collaboration came aboutwhat goes into her creative processhow Pplpleasr got hired for the Fortune magazine coverwhy she chose to represent anon-avatars on the Fortune coverwhy Pplpleasr was surprised by Fortune’s response to her artwork (and crypto in general)what sort of crypto personas are represented on the Fortune cover and whyhow NFTs are changing the paradigm of monetization for creators compared to the…

BitGo CEO Mike Belshe and COO Jeff Horowitz talk about one of the hottest topics facing the crypto industry today: regulation. They discuss… what BitGo does why Jeff left his[...]

The post BitGo on Why the Travel Rule Should Not Apply to Digital Assets appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

NFTs are the talk of the metaverse, EIP 1559 just went live, and DeFi stats are rebounding.

On Unchained, Fredrik Haga, cofounder and CEO at Dune Analytics, along with Richard Chen, general partner at 1confirmation, discuss the booming Ethereum ecosystem through the lens of on-chain data, diving into NFTs, DeFi, ETH, and their favorite layer 2s.

Show highlights:why Ethereum is on such a pronounced upswingwhy on-chain metrics lead to superior information reportingmind-blowing OpenSea statisticswhy NFTs are so hot at the momenthow Richard explains NFTs to normieswhether the NFT market is sustainablewhat makes an NFT drop pop and why profile pics (PFPs) matterhow Polygon NFTs compare to Ethere…

Ethereum just went through its most complex upgrade ever.

Justin Drake, researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, discusses what the upgrade, aka the London hard fork, means for ether’s future as what he calls “ultra-sound money.” At the end of the episode, he also drops a few Bitcoin hot takes.

Show highlights:his background and how he got involved in cryptohow EIP 1559 will affect Ethereum now that it is livewhy burning ether is good for the Ethereum economywhat two concepts are crucial to understanding moneywhat three ways ether is used as moneywhy he believes ether will become “ultra sound money,” when gold and silver are just “sound money”what the main drivers of ETH’s value arehow the me…

CFTC Commissioners Dan Berkovitz and Brian Quintenz discuss the difficulties of regulating crypto derivatives and DeFi.

Show highlights:their backgroundswhat the CFTC’s duties are regarding cryptohow the CFTC’s jurisdiction has evolved over the yearswhy Commissioner Quintenz believes SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce’s safe harbor proposal is “brilliant”what relationship the CFTC and SEC have when making decisions on crypto assetswhy the commissioners believe CFTC’s complaints regarding BitMEX are “well-founded”why formal regulation for crypto derivatives is unlikely to be produced by the CFTCwhy leveraged derivatives products are a “concern” to the CFTCwhat makes regulating DeFi platforms so …

ShapeShift recently announced an intent to decentralize — a move that would transition the one-time centralized exchange to a full-on DAO.

Erik Voorhees, founder and CEO of ShapeShift, comes onto the show to talk about decentralizing the exchange, along with his thoughts on Bitcoin maximalism and crypto regulation.

Show highlights:why ShapeShift is decentralizing the companyhow ShapeShift used to workwhat needs to happen for ShapeShift to decentralizewhy user experience should not change during the transitionhow the FOX token workswhat parts of a company cannot be decentralized yethow ShapeShift’s forthcoming foundation will functionhow ShapeShift decided upon the allocations for the FOX to…

Gurvais Grigg, Chainalysis public sector CTO, and Kim Grauer, director of research at Chainalysis, review the ransomware landscape.

Show Highlights:their backgrounds and roles at Chainalysishow a ransomware attack workswhat types of businesses are usually targeted in ransomware attackswhy ransomware as a service (RAAS) is a booming businesswhy Kim and Gurvais believe the hacking group REvil is becoming more sophisticatedwhat characteristic of REvil hints that the group could be affiliated with Russiahow the RAAS business model workshow ransomware payments can be trackedwhy ransomware reporting has a data problemwhy Bitcoin is the preferred method of payment amongst ransomware attackerswhat …

Aaron Wright, co-founder of OpenLaw and Professor at Cardozo Law, and Ross Campbell, SushiSwap core developer and LexDAO contributor, discuss the latest breakthroughs and legal implications in the burgeoning world[...]

The post Can a DAO Go to Court? According to Two DAO Legal Experts… Probably appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Kevin Zhang, vice president of business development at Foundry, breaks down the latest developments surrounding China and bitcoin mining. Show highlights: how he came across crypto and which Bitcoin OG[...]

The post The Bitcoin Hash Rate Has Dropped. How Long Will It Take to Return? appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Taylor Monahan, CEO of MyCrypto, and Tim Beiko, Ethereum Foundation core-dev facilitator, discuss the upcoming upgrade to the Ethereum network, EIP 1559. Show highlights: why Tim believes EIP 1559 is[...]

The post Ethereum’s EIP-1559 Will Solve Some Problems But Big Ones Will Remain appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Aaron Lammer, author and host of the Exit Scam podcast, recounts the mysterious and controversial death of QuadrigaCX’s founder Gerald Cotton. Show highlights: A quick recap of QuadrigaCX why Aaron[...]

The post Is Quadriga’s Gerald Cotten Still Alive? The ‘Exit Scam’ Podcast Aims to Answer appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

To celebrate the 5th anniversary of Unchained, I answer some questions submitted to me by the audience.

In this episode, I cover:what I think about the relationship between psychedelics and cryptothe most entertaining guest I’ve interviewed on Unchainedwhy Coinbase founders may have a more impactful future on crypto than Ethereum founderswhich show has been the most impactfulwhy I am a “nocoiner”where I believe DAOs fit into the future of cryptowho my favorite guests have been over the yearswhat I am most fearful and most hopeful about in the crypto spacewhy I think user-friendly products are so important moving forwardwhich DeFi projects I find the most interestingwhat sort of expenses go …

Willy Woo, on-chain Bitcoin analyst and writer of the Bitcoin Forecast, a market intelligence newsletter, and Rafael Schultze-Kraft, co-founder and CTO of Glassnode, discuss Bitcoin and what the on-chain metrics[...]

The post Will Bitcoin’s Price Go Up Again? Yes, According to On-Chain Analytics appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

You can navigate through our menu or use this search bar:

You can navigate through our menu or use this search bar:

You can navigate through our menu or use this search bar:

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About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Brian Fabian Crain, a fellow podcaster from Epicenter, founder of Chorus One and an early member of the Berlin crypto community.

The conversation starts from Brian’s early involvement in Bitcoin in 2013 and his role in the local Berlin community, leading him to launch the Epicenter podcast.

Here are some links for this episode:Keep an eye on the Zero Knowledge Podcast website, something pretty cool is coming soon!

At EY, they are investing in tools, like our smart contract review service to assess consistency with standards and best practices.

Users can run pre-defined automated tests and simulate smart contract execution by configuring selected …

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun host Tracheopteryx and Facu, two core devs at Yearn.finance, to take an introductory dive into the past and present of Yearn.

Starting from Yearn’s spontaneous assembly in the Summer of DeFi (2020), Trach & Facu tell their personal stories of how they joined the project and where it got to since.

Mina is a layer-one protocol, creating a private gateway between the real world and crypto.

And snark-powered dapps, called Snapps, allow access to verified real world data from any website for on-chain use.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeRead up on the r/ZKPodcast subredditGive us feedback!

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Josh chat with Jill Gunter (nèe Carlson), a well-known investor and crypto advocate, to dive deep into the eternal dilemma of privacy vs. transparency and how ZKPs can finally give us the tools to be more nuanced about our society’s approach to privacy.

This topic touches aspects such as crypto & DeFi privacy, how regulation may be applied to them, and why ZKPs and their power of selective disclosure can change the paradigm of privacy.

They provide security consulting services, develop open source products and contribute to the advancement of learning and research in the field.

They have recently published a whitepaper on Zero Knowledge Access Passes, a…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with John Light and Samuel JJ Gosling, two passionate privacy advocates and DAO thinkers.

This topic was brought up in a recent zkSessions focused on Privacy in NFTs and DAOs spurring a deeper dive into the subject.

John brings his past experience at Aragon, and now Sovryn, to discuss what is a DAO and what are its needs in privacy and collusion protection.

Here are some links for this episode:Be sure to check out the upcoming ZK Jobs Fair!

In the meantime, you can check out the ZK Jobs Board!

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Kristy-Leigh Minehan, a crypto and mining veteran primarily known for developing the ProgPow hashing algorithm.

She offers a unique and in-depth perspective into the world of Proof of Work mining, starting from the early days of Bitcoin and moving into the first Bitcoin ASICs, the Ethereum GPU mining era, all the way to the present day of staking dominance.

Some of these stories come from Kristy’s direct involvement in Genesis Mining, Core Scientific, ProgPow and her connection to the Ethereum mining community, which helps shed light on what miners will do after the Merge.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on Yout…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun chat with Sunny Aggarwal and Dev Ojha about their new project Osmosis, an AMM built into the Cosmos ecosystem using the IBC interoperability protocol.

Osmosis brings some interesting innovations to the AMM table, starting from the seamless IBC integration to customizable bonding curves and per-pool governance to promote experimentation.

Sunny and Dev are also very passionate about the topic of MEV, diving into the various types of value extraction, how MEV is mitigated on other networks and how it could be largely eliminated on Osmosis through threshold cryptography.

Least Authority will soon be releasing a whitepaper on ZKAPs – Zero-Knowledge Acc…

About this EpisodeThis week James and Anna chat with Ben Edgington, Lead Product Manager for Teku, an Eth2 client developed by ConsenSys.

Ben recounts his story of the involvement with Ethereum 2.0 from the very early months of Serenity and Shasper, and how those were completely replaced by the Beacon Chain concept that resulted in Ethereum 2.0 as we know it.

Ben then highlights what changed after Phase 0 launch: the simplification of Phase 1 & 2 , the rollup-centric roadmap and the upcoming Merge with Eth1.

Here are some links for this episode:Don’t forget to check out the ZK Jobs Board if you’re looking to connect and work with a talented team in crypto & zk land!

Updated every month, the…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Oskar Thoren and Sanaz Taheri-Boshrooyeh from Status to learn about their work on Waku, a decentralized messaging protocol incorporating zk-SNARKs for spam protection.

Waku is the successor of Whisper, a messaging protocol that turned out to be too resource-heavy and vulnerable to spamming.

Oskar and Sanaz explain how Waku V2 changes things, from ZKP-based spam protection to how its new networking system based on libp2p and Gossipsub can scale globally.

Least Authority has a long history of working with privacy enhancing technologies, including Zero Knowledge Proofs.

Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeRea…

About this EpisodeThis week Anna and Tarun host Noah Zinsmeister and Moody Salem to learn all about Uniswap and its recent Uniswap V3 deployment.

Noah and Moody go through the history of Uniswap from its EF grant days to Unisocks, Uniswap V2 and now Uniswap V3 and its ranged liquidity model.

At the end the conversation shifts into a multi-L2 deployment future and how that may increase MEV, leading Tarun to make an unexpected realization.

We will also be hosting an interactive community discussion about if and how the ZK community could potentially start using some of these tools as well.

The Aave community has unanimously voted to introduce an Aave Grants DAO to grow the Aave ecosystem.

About this EpisodeThis week Anna chats with Adrian Brink, co-founder of the Anoma Network and long-time crypto builder.

Adrian explains all there is to know about the new privacy-centric network, diving into concepts like fractal scaling, the validity predicate-based account model, the solution against front-running in Ferveo & much more.

Sign up for the zkSessions here: https://hopin.com/events/zksessions-daos-nftsToday’s episode is sponsored by EY Blockchain.

EY is committed to building a better working world on the public Ethereum blockchain with robust privacy technologies, like zero-knowledge proofs.

EY believes blockchain technology will be the glue that knits together a productive gl…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсудили устройство и децентрализацию 1inch network и тенденции развития DeFi в целом.

00:40:40 — Кому и в какой пропорции раздавались гавернанс-токены?

00:57:20 — Как 1inch работает с майнерами?

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проценты, устанавливаете свои сроки и условия, без необходимости предоставлять какие-либо документы или проходить KYC.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

00:09:12 Глава 1: Десять главных трендов на 2021 00:32:33 Глава 2: Десять людей, за которыми нужно сделить в 2021 00:41:43 Глава 3: Десять инвестиционных идей на 2021 00:50:52 Глава 4: Десять трендов для Биткоина и crypto monies 01:12:44 Глава 5: Десять трендов для Ethereum 01:33:26 Продолжение следует!

Ссылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проце…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Amanda Cavaleri, investor and entrepreneur.

We discuss Bitcoin surrounding the current langua…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Fernando interview successful investor and economist Dr. Marc Faber on a post-gold world order, 50 years on.…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Fernando interview expert economist and monetary historian Larry White on a post-gold world order, 50 years …

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Uri, a true Bitcoin OG, who mined bitcoins with his buddies in 2009 alongside Satoshi.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Alec, and Michel discuss the perennial promise of privacy, how it's being bombarded on all fronts, for all of u…

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew and Alec interview Charles Finfrock, Insider Threat Director at a large publicly traded company (his views discu…

Show support appreciated: https://donations.cryptovoices.com Show Sponsor:

https://hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Matthew & Alec break down some recent developments including: - Free tech vs. open tech

- Housing market

- States' rights in the pandemic

- Can you predict inflation?

- Monetary base vs. Price inflation

- Gold wars

- Alec on the Anom story

- Revisiting the ever-present meme of Bitcoin & crime (keeping perspective with what happens in fiat world)

- Is God on your team? Or better, are Philistines not on your team? Listen on to learn more. Links for more info:

https://www.haloprivacy.com/

https://cryptovoices.com/basemoney

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Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec interview Todd Weaver, founder and CEO of Purism.

If you don't have a Purism laptop or phone, …

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew, Michel, and Alec team up with Rodolfo Novak from Coinkite for a great ep on privacy and hardware wallets.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.comShow Sponsor:hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoicesMatthew teams up with two new hosts for covering new topics and a different direction for the show.

Michel from…

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Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Join Marty as he sits down with Leo Zhang, founder of Anicca Research, to discuss: - Is this mining ban real?

- The dynamics of communication between the Chinese and Western mining industries - How will this migration affect hashrate in the short and medium term?

- Hashrate derivatives - much more Follow Leo on Twitter Check out Anicca Research Shoutout to this week's sponsors.

Create you offers & set your own terms on lend.hodlhodl.com Compass Mining.

Compass wants to democratize bitcoins hashrate and give everyone the ability to strengthen the network while mining bitcoin profitably.

Bitcoin Core version 22.0 is now available for download.

See the release notes for more information about the many new features and bug fixes in this release.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.1 is now available for download.

As described in detail in the release notes, miner block templates produced by this version of Bitcoin Core will signal readiness to enforce taproot during the roughly three month period specified by BIP341.

Note: due to a problem with the certificate authority that provides the code signing certificates for the Windows versions of Bitcoin Core, users on Windows will need to click through an extra prompt to install.

If you are planning to upgrade anyway, there’s no reason to delay using 0.21.1 because of this problem.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Using Bitcoin’s scripting abilities, funds stored in Blockstream Green wallets can be secured by the 2-of-2 signature requirement and also automatically revert to only needing a signature from the user to spend after a predetermined amount of time.

Our Multisig Shield is only available in Blockstream Green, and wallets created using it cannot be imported into other wallet apps.

A much requested feature for Blockstream Green has been the ability to create singlesig wallets, and today we’re excited to announce support for this feature.

Singlesig wallets created with Blockstream Green are highly portable and bring much stronger guarantees for recoverability.

More Features Coming SoonAfter …

We are very excited to announce a partnership with financial services giant Macquarie to develop and manage best-in-class, zero-emission Bitcoin mining facilities.

This partnership opens a wide range of exciting Bitcoin and mining related opportunities for both Macquarie and Blockstream.

Green MiningOur new partnership with Macquarie builds on previously announced collaborations with Aker and Square to build out alternative and renewable-powered Bitcoin mining projects.

Partner With UsIf you or your company are interested in learning more about mining colocation services with Blockstream Mining, you can reach out to our team through the form available on our Blockstream Mining page.

For all…

The Blockstream Mining Note Is Coming Soon to Bitfinex Securities LtdWe’re very excited to see the launch of Bitfinex Securities Ltd, a new security token (STO) exchange.

The Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) will also be one of the first assets listed on this new platform.

The Blockstream Mining NoteThe BMN provides qualifying investors exposure to Bitcoin mining through a security token issued on the Liquid Network.

Greater Liquidity for the Bitcoin Mining IndustryOne of the key value propositions of the BMN is bringing liquidity to the historically illiquid Bitcoin mining industry.

Visit Bitfinex Securities LtdKeep an eye on Bitfinex Securities Ltd for updates on when the BMN will be avail…

Today we are excited to announce that we have raised $210 million as part of our Series B financing on a valuation of $3.2 billion.

I am convinced of the potential of tokenized securities on the Liquid Network to be transformative for the architecture of capital markets.

Today, we continue to scale all aspects of our operations and deliver key Bitcoin infrastructure through our best-in-class offerings.

Major securities issuances, such as the Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) and EXO, are two examples of the innovation taking place on the Liquid Network.

Bringing together Liquid tokens and Blockstream Mining, the BMN security token enables investors to have exposure to Bitcoin mining with market…

To accelerate our Bitcoin mining capabilities, we have acquired mining hardware manufacturer Spondoolies for equity and cash as part of our Series B fundraising.

From inception, the Spondoolies team envisioned transforming the mining industry into a highly professional operation where miners use high-quality, reliable, and durable equipment.

And just last week, we launched Blockstream Energy, a new mining product that will incentivize renewable energy use by scaling energy demand with our modular mining units (MMUs).

If you or your company are interested in learning more about forming a partnership with Blockstream Mining or how you can integrate Bitcoin mining into your operations, reach o…

Our new service, Blockstream Energy, uses Bitcoin mining to deliver scalable energy demand to power generation projects, increasing efficiency and improving the economics of renewable projects around the world.

In turn, this accelerates ROI on renewable energy investments and incentivizes further investment in renewable sourced Bitcoin and alternative energy use in general.

Unlocking Energy with the Blockstream Modular Mining UnitAt the heart of Blockstream Energy are the Blockstream Modular Mining Units (MMUs)—self-contained and remotely operated Bitcoin mining facilities.

By monetizing previously stranded or otherwise wasted energy, Blockstream Energy maximizes ROI for energy producers …

Today we’re excited to unveil Greenlight, our latest Lightning Network service.

The new service provides simple, secure access to the Lightning Network, allowing anyone to spin up their Lightning node in the cloud while retaining complete control over their funds.

Lightning SimplifiedGreenlight allows anyone to boot up their personal Lightning node on our cloud infrastructure in seconds and take full control over their funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

This saves a lot of on-chain fees for the user, and reduces fragmentation of user funds.

Over the last several months, we’ve been working hard behind the scenes to give the Blockstream Explorer a proper facelift.

We’ve also overhauled explorer navigation by rethinking link placement, navigation tools, and by adding a completely new menu.

Your favorite block and transaction details unique to the Blockstream Explorer are still available in the updated UI, including SegWit fee savings, privacy analysis, and peg-in and peg-outs between Bitcoin and Liquid.

Tor users can also continue to reach the Blockstream Explorer via our Tor Onion address.

Explore the New UI NowThe new Blockstream Explorer is now up and running!

After successfully completing a fully subscribed second tranche last week, BMN mining is now live.

Capital raised now totals €6.6M ($7.8M USD) with just over 33 BMN issued.

The BMN entitles investors to the Bitcoin mined by up to 2,000 TH/s of hashrate.

Bitcoin mined are secured in cold storage and delivered upon maturity of a three-year term.

Following several quarters of constrained hashrate growth on the back of the global semiconductor shortage, aggressive policy changes in China, and a record downward difficulty adjustment, Bitcoin mining is very profitable.

We’re proud to announce our collaborative effort with Square, Inc. to build an open-source, solar-powered Bitcoin mining facility at one of our Blockstream Mining sites in the United States.

Ultimately, we hope to demonstrate how bitcoin mining in conjunction with renewable energy can help drive the clean energy transition.

Our solar mining facilities are designed to be scalable, enabling us to add additional capacity and support more participants to significantly expand renewable mining operations.

Get MiningWe’re already working with Aker, and now Square, to pursue alternative and renewable energy Bitcoin mining, and have even more exciting news on this front to share soon.

If you’r…

Adamant Capital will lay the foundation for our new division Blockstream Finance, which will deliver Bitcoin investment products on the Liquid Network.

Banking veteran Jesse Knutson, the current VP of Financial Products at Blockstream, will helm Blockstream Finance, overseeing our future product launches.

Blockstream Finance LaunchpadBlockstream Finance will serve as a launchpad for innovative Bitcoin investment products, such as our recently launched Blockstream Mining Note (BMN).

Follow Us For Future Product Releases and NewsTo stay updated on the latest news and product launches from Blockstream Finance, bookmark the Blockstream Blog or follow us on Twitter @Blockstream.

For the latest r…

As a Blockstream Mining partner, BlockFi has deployed miners at our mining facility in Georgia, USA, with access to over 300MW of power capacity.

By engaging in Bitcoin mining, BlockFi looks to expand its service offerings to the mining community and to diversify revenue streams by accumulating bitcoin on its balance sheet.

And most recently, we released the Blockstream Mining Note (BMN), a security token that expands investor exposure to Bitcoin mining and adds security and censorship resistance to the Bitcoin network.

Partner With UsIf you or your company are interested in learning more about mining colocation services with Blockstream Mining, you can reach out to our team through the for…

It’s now easier than ever to access the Bitcoin network from space with the Blockstream Satellite Base Station.

The Base Station works with our satellite network in most parts of the world.

Current Kit Line-UpThe Base Station will replace the Blockstream Satellite Basic Kits and flat-panel antennas as our go-to receiver choice.

The Blockstream Satellite Pro Kit is back in stock and will still be available for:Users in some areas of the Asia-Pacific region—the Base Station supports Ku-band transmissions only.

In-Store, Order NowThe Blockstream Satellite Base Station is now available for preorder at our store for $499.

Today, we're revealing the Blockstream Mining Note, a security token that expands exposure to Bitcoin mining to even more investors. By packaging mining in a tradable token, the BMN allows investors more flexibility than a traditional investment in physical mining infrastructure.

The review club compared legacy block download with BIP152-style compact block download and discussed why blocksonly nodes don’t benefit from the latter.

Peers indicate that they want to use compact block relay by sending sendcmpct at the start of the connection.

The node can use the compact block shortids to look for the block transactions in its mempool and cache of extra transactions.

Compact block relay reduces bandwidth usage for nodes that have a mempool because they don’t need to re-download the majority of block transactions.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interf…

P2TR Channels.

Unfortunately, every LN channel requires cooperation between two signers, and in the current pre-taproot Bitcoin, every 2-of-2 script is openly coded.

The existing channel uses the existing P2WSH 2-of-2 scheme and has to be closed in order to switch to a P2TR channel.

For P2TR channels, we should note that while this is “only” between two direct peers, it also has lower benefits.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

For x equivalent paths, the base fee would be x times as high.

It may be possible to solve this problem algorithmically in the long term, but the easiest solution for implementers of the algorithm would be to eliminate the base fee.

The base fee allows a node to require that it be compensated for those costs.

Using the resultant point (which Bob doesn’t know is now just the point Alice originally received from Carol), Bob constructs the adaptor he gives to Carol.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (B…

Recall one more time that the signature adaptor the donor published was their actual signature minus the scalar.

When the hidden number is discovered and somebody sends the 1,000 BTC transaction, they must publish the original (valid) signature commitment.

Bob can take that (valid) signature commitment and subtract from it the (invalid) signature commitment in the original signature adaptor to get the scalar.

● Bitcoin Core 0.21.2rc1 is a release candidate for a maintenace version of Bitcoin Core.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Serve…

a transaction), your public key, and a public nonce.

It’s only possible for you to balance that equation if you know your private key and the private form of the nonce.

The public key is a stand-in for your private key.

The partial public nonces are combined together to produce an aggregated public nonce which is included with the message to sign.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

For example, looking at block 692,039, we can distinguish not just the multisig spends from the single-sig spends but also distinguish between different set sizes and thresholds for the multisigs.

For infrequently used wallets, all the nonces needed for the entire wallet lifetime can be shared up front.

For more frequently used wallets (e.g.

In the normal case, the above has exactly as much efficiency and privacy as a single-sig or multisignature transaction.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs)…

Selected Q&A from Bitcoin Stack ExchangeBitcoin Stack Exchange is one of the first places Optech contributors look for answers to their questions—or when we have a few spare moments to help curious or confused users.

Preparing for taproot #6: learn taproot by using itA weekly series about how developers and service providers can prepare for the upcoming activation of taproot at block height 709,632.

However, taproot support was also merged into Bitcoin Core, allowing the notebooks to drop their dependency on a custom branch of Bitcoin Core.

Applying the knowledge from section 1, you then create and spend a taproot output using MuSig.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes thi…

This week’s newsletter describes recent changes to services and client software, discusses why wallets should wait before generating taproot addresses, lists new software releases and release candidates, and summarizes notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Changes to services and client softwareIn this monthly feature, we highlight interesting updates to Bitcoin wallets and services.

A weekly series about how developers and service providers can prepare for the upcoming activation of taproot at block height 709,632.

In addition to its release notes, see the descriptions of Eclair #1871 and #1846 in the notable changes section below.

Notable code and documentation chang…

● Request for OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK design suggestions: Jeremy Rubin posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a draft specification for an OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK opcode and asked for feedback from any developers who would prefer an alternative design.

Some alternatives were discussed, but the thread also branched off into a discussion about whether an OP_CAT opcode should be introduced at the same time.

OP_CAT and OP_CSFS would enable arbitrary transaction introspection—the ability to receive bitcoins to a script that could check almost any part of the transaction that later spends those bitcoins.

This can enable many advanced features (including versions of other proposed upgrades like SIGHASH_…

Also included are our regular sections describing how to prepare for taproot, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

News● BIPs for output script descriptors: Andrew Chow posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a proposed set of BIPs to standardize output script descriptors.

Descriptors were originally implemented for Bitcoin Core and have seen increased adoption over the past year by other projects.

Tapscript multisig: for legacy and v0 segwit, the multi() and sortedmulti() descriptors support the OP_CHECKMULTISIG opcode.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-L…

● Key derivation path for single-sig P2TR: Andrew Chow also posted a second proposed BIP to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list suggesting a BIP32 derivation path to use for wallets creating single-sig taproot addresses.

As expected, transactions using P2WPKH inputs and outputs are much smaller than those using P2PKH inputs and outputs—but, perhaps surprisingly, P2TR transactions are slightly larger than equivalent P2WPKH transactions.

Cheaper to spend: it costs about 15% less at the input level to spend a single-sig P2TR UTXO than it does to spend a P2WPKH UTXO.

Help full nodes: the overall security of the Bitcoin system depends on a significant percentage of Bitcoin users verifying every confirm…

Copies of all published parts of our weekly series on preparing for taproot activation at block 709,632.

Pay to TapRoot (P2TR) addresses use bech32m as specified in BIP350, which is slightly different than BIP173’s bech32 algorithm used for segwit v0 P2WPKH and P2WSH addresses.

Although receiving payments to taproot addresses won’t be safe until block 709,632, sending payments should not cause any problems for the sender.

Optech encourages developers of wallets and services to implement support for paying bech32m taproot addresses now rather than waiting until after taproot activates.

Wallets don’t need to implement descriptors in order to start using taproot, but those that do will give th…

If every transaction was replaceable, there’d be no need to set the BIP125 signal.

Starting at block 709,632, expected in November, Bitcoin users will be able to safely receive payments to taproot addresses.

Although receiving payments to taproot addresses won’t be safe until block 709,632, sending payments should not cause any problems for the sender.

Optech encourages developers of wallets and services to implement support for paying bech32m taproot addresses now rather than waiting until after taproot activates.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bit…

Also included are our regular sections with announcements of new software releases and release candidates, plus notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

The alternative method would enhance the privacy and fungibility of transactions made by single-sig users, multisignature users, and users of certain contract protocols such as taproot-enabled LN or advanced coinswaps.

Replace By Fee (RBF, BIP125) and batching are two important tools for any enterprises directly interacting with Bitcoin’s mempool.

There are many strategies to this type of additive RBF batching.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-…

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Binance has said it's now requiring all users to complete Intermediate Verification amid mounting compliance pressure from worldwide regulators.

The world's largest exchange said in an announcement on Friday that effective immediately, all new users now must complete Intermediate Verification to access Binance's services, including cryptocurrency deposits, trades and withdrawals.

Per Binance's Identity Verification process, an Intermediate Verification includes the submissions of government-issued ID as well as facial verification.

Warp will allow developers to take their battle-tested, audited Ethereum smart contracts, transpile them to Cairo, and deploy them on StarkNet seamlessly.

Tally …

Just a note: I filled in for Ryan on last week’s Bankless Weekly Rollup which you can watch here.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekThe U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has fined crypto exchange Poloniex $10 million for operating an "unregistered online digital asset exchange."

The SEC claims the exchange sold digital assets that were securities — although the exchange was not registered to do so.

Polygon has acquired the Hermez Network for $250 million and has committed $1 billion towards building zk crypto technology.

The LyraDAO has raised $1 million from the SynthetixDAO which is one of the first instances of “DAO to DAO” business development.

Since it went live last week (and at time of writing), the network has already burned over 18,000 ETH!

In case you missed it, Eric and I joined a bunch of people on a livestream around the time that EIP-1559 went live - you can watch that here.

Indeed, while Gensler described himself as "technology-neutral," he went on to claim that he is "anything but public policy-neutral."

"As new technologies come along, we need to be sure we’re achieving our core public policy goals," Gensler continued.

The financing was led by Dragonfly, with participation from Bain Capital Ventures, Nascent, Variant, Robot Ventures, and theLAO, among others.

With immediate effect, new users from these countries will no longer be able to open accounts with Binance to trade crypto derivatives.

As for existing users, Binance said it will announce a date later, and from that date, users from these countries will have 90 days to close their open positions.

The report said the investigation "is focused on conduct that occurred years ago, when Tether was in its more nascent stages."

Tidal Finance went live with StaFi, Xend Finance, Marlin and EasyFi as initial launch clients for subscription-based weekly adjusted insurance model.

Ondo is a new primitive built to accelerate DeFi adoption among mainstream investors by enabling the granular exchange of r…

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🇪🇹 Trolling the TrollsThe Ethereum community is undefeated in its ability to take something that is meant as a negative and turn it into a positive.

In other news, I joined Crypto Texan for a chat with the Index Coop which you can listen to here.

Notably, these offerings are not themselves crypto investments, but rather trusts based on the performance of crypto assets.

Content updates, CLR funding round for eth2 projects, translation program and community growth plans all detailed in this update.

This program allows users to earn 15 LDO for every ETH staked using their unique Lido referral link.

Personally I think this is a really cool and innovative way to fund an Ethereum project and it allows basically anyone with an Ethereum wallet and some ETH to get involved - just another industry that Ethereum is democratizing.

By using Hop Bridge, users can now instantly transfer USDC between Ethereum, Polygon and xDAI.

StarkNet Alpha 1 has two new features - layer 1 <> layer 2 interaction and on-chain data.

The Gnosis Safe has now been deployed to the layer 2 solution Arbitrum as well as the Polygon PoS sidechain.

Users can deposit alUSD and mUSD at launch into the Vault to earn MTA and a share of trading fees.

The deal values Circle at $4.5 billion and comes after Circle raised $440 million from investors including Fidelity, Valor Capital Group and the London-based hedge fund Marshall Wace in May.

There was also an update provided regarding the gas situation on Optimism and the Synthetix June monthly update was also published.

Joining 1kx and Galaxy are 1confirmation, Defiance Capital, Assembly Capital, LD Capital, Wintermute, Laconia Ventures, and former wealth management executive Phil DiIorio.

There is now a price to earnings (P/E) ratio included on Token Terminal, alongside the price to sales (P/S) ratio.

Interesting TweetsEcosystem BitsBlog PostsPodcastsVideosHow To Create A Set On TokenSets…

- AnthonyNews of the WeekSouth Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb has banned its employees from trading on its own platform.

TP ICAP, the world's biggest interdealer broker, is set to launch a crypto trading platform for institutional investors.

EY is open-sourcing the prototype code for Nightfall 3, a Layer 2 protocol focused on Ethereum scaling that utilizes zero-knowledge proofs.

Aave Pro will be the first permissioned decentralized liquidity protocol being co-launched by Aave and Fireblocks.

Also participating in the round was Skyfall Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, imToken Ventures, Mechanism Capital and QCP Capital.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] DeFi users, you no longer need to pay expensive and unpredictable interest rates on your ETH-backed loans.

Lastly, users can stake LQTY to earn protocol revenue, which recently crossed >$12M since Liquity’s launch in April.

To learn more, head over to liquity.org to get started and get the most out of your borrowing needs today!

The new "Crypto Fund III" will be co-led by Chris Dixon and Katie Haun.

"The largest crypto fund ever raised to date, Crypto Fund III is a validating moment for the ecosystem and another sign that crypto becoming an ever more mainstream part of our financial infrastructure," the firm said i…

I joined The TIE this week to talk all things Ethereum, ETH and ETH 2.0 - you can watch/listen to that here.

Sichuan, a major Chinese bitcoin mining hub, due to its abundant hydroelectricity, is the latest province that has issued an order to shut down local bitcoin miners.

This will have been triggered by the high-level comment on bitcoin mining brought up in the Chinese State Council's meeting last month.

Pendle has now been released to mainnet in a beta capacity with a liquidity mining program included.

The Kyber DMM will be deployed to the Polygon network on June 30th along with a liquidity mining program.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] DeFi users, you no longer need to pay expensive and unpredictable interest rates on your ETH-backed loans.

Crypto-friendly Silvergate Bank has abruptly cut ties with crypto exchange operator Binance, The Block can confirm.

The email says that Binance will no longer support USD deposits and withdrawals via Silvergate Bank over SWIFT from June 11.

"USD deposits made to our Silvergate Bank account after 11 June 2021 (UTC 23:59) will be returned to your account within 21 working days," the email reads.

alETH from Alchemix allows users to use their ETH as collateral in order to borrow alETH (while earning a yield).

The firm also said Monday that "starting this week, we’ll invite select customers off the waitlist" for its card product.

Team growth, learnings from the first eth2 mainnet incident, r&d updates, sharding news and more in this update from PryLabs.

This new tool from Flipside Crypto allows users to input a bunch of different parameters to calculate different v3 LP outcomes.

After 3 months of beta testing and improvements on Kovan and Mumbai, the Pods demo has been released on Polygon.

The round was led by IDEO CoLab ventures with participation from A Capital, Scalar Capital, and DeFi Alliance.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #122Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Decentralized Exchanges.

Paper Title: Aurora: a probabilistic algorithm for distributed ledgers enabling trustless synchronization and transaction inclusion verification.

Paper Title: Non-fungible token (NFT) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations.

Authors: Lennart Ante*,Affiliations: * Blockchain Research Lab.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

Paper Title: Zero-Knowledge Middleboxes.

Paper Title: Sharding-Based Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols: Security Analysis.

Paper Title: Property rights in the Crypto age: NFTs and the auctioning of limited edition artwork.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

Paper Title: Estimating the Node Degree of Public Peers and Detecting Sybil Peers Based on Address Messages in the Bitcoin P2P Network.

Summary: The behavior of the spamming peers can be used to determine the number of neighbors of public peers and to find Sybil peers (peers that have multiple addresses).

Paper Title: Smart Contracts, Real-Virtual World Convergence and Economic Implications.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #119Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Kadcast-NG: A Structured Broadcast Protocol for Blockchain Networks.

In such networks, broadcast is known to be an inefficient operation in terms of message complexity and overhead.

In contrast, the Kadcast protocol is a structured peer-to-peer protocol for block and transaction propagation in blockchain networks.

Lastly, it introduces a QUIC-based prototype implementation of the Kadcast protocol and shows its merits through deployment in a large-scale cloud-based testbed.

Paper Title: MiCA and DeFi ('Proposal for a Regulation on Market in Crypto-Assets' and 'Decentralised Finance').

Paper Title: Improving Blockchain Consistency by Assigning Weights to Random Blocks.

Authors: Nicholas Franzese*, Jonathan Katz†, Steve Lu‡, Rafail Ostrovsky§, Xiao Wang*, and Chenkai Weng*,Affiliations: * Northwestern University, † University of Maryland, ‡ Stealth Software Technologies, Inc., and § UCLA.

Paper Title: Shorter and Faster Post-Quantum Designated-Verifier zkSNARKs from Lattices.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

If you want to see some presentations on recent research, they have a public Research Seminar Series.

TLDR: Blockchain analysis is essential for understanding how cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are used in practice, and address clustering is a cornerstone of blockchain analysis.

First, it builds a ground truth set of transactions with known change from the Bitcoin blockchain that can be used to validate the efficacy of individual change address detection heuristics.

After applying the proposed prediction model to the Bitcoin blockchain, it analyzes the resulting clustering and develops ways to detect and prevent cluster collapse.

Authors: Sanket Kanjalkar*, Ye Zhang†, Shreyas Gandlur‡, and Andrew Miller§,Affiliations: * Blockstream Research, † New York University, ‡ Princeton University, and…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #116Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Stochastic Modelling of BlockchainConsensus.

Paper Title: A First Look into the Structural Properties and Resilience of Blockchain Overlays.

Paper Title: Stochastic Performance Modeling for Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus in Blockchain.

Paper Title: High-Frequency Connectedness between Bitcoin and Other Top-Traded Crypto Assets during the COVID-19 Crisis.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #115Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Layer Zero: Characterizing the Bitcoin Network through Measurements, Models, and Simulations.

TLDR: In recent years, research has shown the networking layer’s significant influence on the scalability, security, and privacy of blockchain systems.

Summary: A model for the block verification time of Zcash based on transaction features and a benchmark of the Zcash client’s block verification process and its employed cryptographic primitives to support and evaluate the model.

Paper Title: JACK THE RIPPLER: Arbitrage on the Decentralized Exchange of the XRP Ledger.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Pro…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #114Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Blockchain Oracle Design Patterns.

Hence, blockchain oracles are introduced to mitigate the issue and are defined as trusted third-party services that send and verify the external information (i.e., feedback) and submit it to smart contracts for triggering state changes in the blockchain.

This paper studies and analyzes blockchain oracles with regard to how they provide feedback to the blockchain and smart contracts.

Paper Title: STO vs. ICO: A Theory of Token Issues under Moral Hazard and Demand Uncertainty.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making k…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #113Paper of the Week:Paper Title: DeFi Protocol Risks: the Paradox of DeFi.

Paper Title: On the deployment of FlyClient as a velvet fork: chain-sewing attacks and countermeasures.

Paper Title: Don’t Count on One to Carry the Ball Scaling BFT without Sacrifing Efficiency.

Paper Title: Security Tokens.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

Paper Title: Modeling Coordinated vs. P2P Mining: An Analysis of Inefficiency and Inequality in Proof-of-Work Blockchains.

Paper Title: PoDT: A Secure Multi-chains Consensus Scheme Against Diverse Miners Behaviors Attacks in Blockchain Networks.

Paper Title: The non-fungible token (NFT) market and its relationship with Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Paper Title: Blockchain, Privacy, and Artwork Registries: Consensus between Constraints.

Research Talks:Upcoming Events:Jobs:Thanks to our sponsorThe Protocol Labs Research team is pretty enthusiastic about making knowledge free and accessible.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #111Paper of the Week:Paper Title: GoAT: File Geolocation via Anchor Timestamping.

This work defines what it means for a PoGeoRet scheme to be complete and sound, in the process making important extensions to prior formalism.

Paper Title: Topological Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Multilayer Blockchain Networks.

Authors: Dorcas Ofori-Boateng*, Ignacio Segovia Dominguez†, Murat Kantarcioglu†, Cuneyt G. Akcora‡, and Yulia R. Gel†,Affiliations: * Portland State University, † University of Texas at Dallas, and ‡ University of Manitoba.

Paper Title: SoK: Privacy-Preserving Computing in the Blockchain Era.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #110Paper of the Week:Paper Title: A Permissionless Proof-of-Stake Blockchain with Best-Possible Unpredictability (or, How to Mimic Bitcoin via Proof-of-Stake).

Among other features, the design achieves the “best possible” unpredictability for permissionless proof-of-stake protocols.

Authors: Lei Fan*, Jonathan Katz†, Phuc Thai‡, and Hong-Sheng Zhou‡,Affiliations: * Shanghai Jiaotong University, † University of Maryland, and ‡ Virginia Commonwealth University.

Summary: A robust, secure, and scalable consensus protocol for a permissionless blockchain suitable for deployment in an adversarial environment such as the Internet.

Paper Title: Should Central Banks Use Distri…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #109Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Internet Computer Consensus.

The ICC protocols are leader-based protocols that assume partial synchrony, and that are fully integrated with a blockchain.

Paper Title: Mining in Logarithmic Space.

Authors: Felix Engelmann*, Lukas Müller†, Andreas Peter‡, Frank Kargl†, and Christoph Bösch†,Affiliations: * Aarhus University, † Ulm University, and ‡ University of Twente.

Paper Title: The Availability-Accountability Dilemma and its Resolution via Accountability Gadgets.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #108Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Securing Parallel-chain Protocols under Variable Mining Power.

TLDR: Several emerging proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain protocols rely on a “parallel-chain” architecture for scaling, where instead of a single chain, multiple chains are run in parallel and aggregated.

This paper considers the design of provably secure parallel-chain protocols which can adapt to such mining power variations.

Paper Title: Making Synchronous BFT Protocols Secure in the Presence of Mobile Sluggish Faults.

Paper Title: An economic theory of blockchain foundations.

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First deployed in November 2020, Art Blocks is a platform for launching generative art series where the generation script is stored immutably on Ethereum for each project.

When a user mints an ERC-721 from the platform, a provably unique seed determines the variables in the generative script, ultimately defining the appearance of the output.

Since the beginning of this summer, daily volumes have skyrocketed, with ~$25M in sales volume traded on Wednesday across Curated, Playground, and Factory series.

Pudgy Penguins were the fastest 1000x project ( 0.003 ETH -> 3 ETH ) so far in the history of NFTs.

There is currently limited native tools for NFT market analysis.

To validate the authenticity of the movement, confirm my trading thesis, and better manage the risk while still capturing the fast moving opportunity, I created a Dune Analytics dashboard to track the most essential metrics.

My key metrics were unique wallets/distribution, hourly floor price, moving average, and volume.

UMA’s TVL grew 44% in the past 30 days as the team rolled out a number of new products, including range tokens and success tokens.

Range tokens can be incredible tools for treasury diversification as it is an on-chain option that is customizable for DAO needs.

Success tokens are a new incentive-aligned way for VC funds to effectively invest in a “Series B” for DAOS.

UMA is working closely with teams, and is also organizing leads from VCs interested in taking the other side of these deals.

Switching gears—this week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: PERP, SUSHI, DYDX, POOL, and NXM.

Claim the NFT of this issue① dYdX📈 dYdX volume surges 650%: now largest perpetuals DEXOn August 3, the dYdX Foundation launched DYDX, a governance token for the dYdX Layer 2 protocol.

② Perpetual Protocol (Part I)📈 Total protocol volume nearly crossing $23BThere is renewed interest in the on-chain derivatives space with the recent regulatory crackdown on derivatives trading.

We are seeing new low- and medium- frequency traders (i.e., retails) beginning to experience Perpetual Protocol.

It’s worth noting, however, that the announcement of the dYdX liquidity mining programs has led dYdX volumes to…

SushiSwap has quickly established itself as a main player in DeFi.

It has integrated into 11 different blockchains and launched new features aside from its DEX.

These use-cases include lending (Kashi), IDOs (Miso), and an upcoming NFT marketplace (Shoyu), thusshowcasing SushiSwap’s ambitions to become a DeFi super app.

In terms of its core DEX product, activity across several key indicators has recovered, and it’s also soon to launch a new capital efficient DEX called Trident.

Finally, when examining the activity of large wallets, the number of addresses exiting Axie Infinity over the past few months was quite low.

Close to ~200 wallets have accumulated north of 10,000 tokens over the past six months.

The recent price rise has not translated to a sell-off among the large wallets.

Part of the reason for this may be due to the fact that creating cash flow out of Axie Infinity tokens is possible through programs like those offered by YGG, standing as a proof-point that individuals building a position in Axie still believe there is long-term upside despite the recent massive rally.

Terra has seen a flood of new users in recent weeks.

More than 10,000 new accounts were registered on each of the last few days of June, a significant increase over the 5,000 to 8,000 accounts that typically join each day.

This is also the highest level of new account growth since the mid-March record-breaking peak caused by the launch of Anchor.

Many of these new users quickly began investing in and using core Terra projects, including savings protocol Anchor and synthetic assets platform Mirror.

The Index Coop is a DAO to make crypto investing simple, accessible, and safe for everyone through crypto index primitives.

Unit supply is the number of tokens (“units”) circulating due to market demand.

Unit supply has grown by 171% over the past 90 days led by the explosive launch and growth of the FLI product series in April-May and followed by MVI’s 33% unit supply growth in just the past 30 days.

The Coop has not experienced a negative week-over-week growth rate in unit supply since March.

0x API user base in June peaked at ~196k, which has doubled compared with May.

It totals up to ~200k when 0x native contracts traffic combined.

New user growth was mainly contributed by the Polygon community -- since the launch on Polygon, over 70k users have traded via 0x API, ~90% of whom are brought by Zapper.

First 2 weeks of July show that the scale of Polygon active users is relatively same as Ethereum on 0x API already.

The first 2 weeks of July show that the scale of active Polygon users is already relatively close to those of Ethereum on 0x API.

NEAR is a sharded, Proof-of-Stake public blockchain.

NEAR supports smart contracts targeting both WebAssembly (Rust, AssemblyScript) and the EVM (Solidity, Vyper).

Several new initiatives and projects were launched on NEAR recently including an Ecosystem Treasury DAO with up to 200M $NEAR, Green NFTs program, and the Skyward price discovery auction platform.

The NEAR ecosystem is growing in many areas, and the network hit the mark of 10M total transactions last month.

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Today, I am excited to announce that Multicoin Capital has led a $17.4M round in Eden Network, alongside participation from Jump Capital, Alameda Research, Wintermute, GSR, Defiance Capital, and Andre Cronje, the founder of Yearn.Finance.

MEV can be defined as the sum of guaranteed on-chain profits that block producers can claim.

Eden Network protects users from malicious MEV and financializes beneficial MEV in a token.

However, this reduction in earnings for Ethereum block producers has reduced the security budget for Ethereum.

Many Ethereum block producers are looking to MEV to supplement their earnings post EIP 1559.

UXD is a new stablecoin that is 1) capital efficient, 2) decentralized, and 3) stable.

Solving For Funding RatesThe first challenge is the funding rate (note that UXD Protocol doesn’t need to manage an oracle at all; the underlying derivatives DEX manages this).

Because when the funding rates turn negative (i.e., the market is in backwardation), stablecoin holders would need to pay funding.

We could not be more excited to invest in UXD Protocol and work with them to create the world’s first stablecoin that is decentralized, capital efficient, and stable!

At the time of publication, Multicoin Capital holds positions UXD, MNGO, SOL and SBR.

Remixable, Composable AnalyticsThe traditional financial market data provider industry is a well-established sector: it generated $33B of revenue in 2019.

Many of the major crypto data providers share the same commonality: they are closed platforms.

The Future of Financial Reporting & Market-Driven InsightsWe believe that one of the most powerful applications of crypto is DeFi.

We believe the future of finance will be driven by transparent, real-time insights, and Dune is leading that movement.

If you’re interested in building this future, the Dune team is aggressively hiring.

And in most database applications, the ratio of reads to writes is between 100:1 and 10,000:1.

Scaling reads will be the next big scaling challenge for the blockchain industry.

Most database applications have a specific data structure, where the structure of the database is tailored to how the system is expected to query data out of the system.

The problem with scaling reads in a blockchain is that a blockchain—by definition—does not prescribe the transaction format.

This means that the largest query ecosystem with the largest value staked by indexers will be the most secure query system.

Multicoin Capital led Superfluid’s $9M series seed alongside Semantic Ventures, who led the pre-seed round, DeFiance Capital, Delphi Digital, MetaCartel Ventures, Fabric Ventures, The LAO, DeFi Alliance, Divergence Ventures, and MMC Ventures.

If someone has your credit card information (analogous to a public key), they can effectively charge at will.

Recently, Apple layered public key cryptography onto the legacy system via Apple Pay using the secure enclave in every iPhone.

However, public key cryptography on a blockchain creates a few new problems: key management and gas consumption.

Superfluid streams can build on other Superfluid streams—so that Bob can stream funds to Carol as he recei…

Predictability Is Power“I very frequently get the question: 'What's going to change in the next 10 years?'

However, there is not a single person or organization in the world that can answer this question today.

The Social Scalability Costs of FragmentationBeyond the lack of certainty outlined above, fragmenting applications across shards and roll ups creates explicit new social coordination costs that are not present in single-shard systems.

This will increase the amount of social coordination required in each protocol’s community, and slow down the rate of development.

Multicoin Capital abides by a “No Trade Policy” for the assets listed in this report for 3 days (“No Trade Period”) follow…

Building on the success of our first venture fund, we’re proud to announce that Multicoin Capital has raised a new $100M venture fund to back entrepreneurs building companies (equity), and protocols (tokens) in and around the crypto space.

Our single largest investment in our first venture fund was Helium, which represented almost 12% of the fund.

We helped seed or fund many of these projects early—The Graph, Solana, Torus, StarkWare, and others—out of our first venture fund.

We expect to deploy a significant amount into these areas out of Venture Fund II over the next few years.

We made several investments in some of the most strategic layers of the stack out of our first venture fund.

Today, I’m excited to announce our investment in REALY, a platform that trades the legitimacy of streetwear and other real world collectibles.

While each of these applications is hyper-tailored for their respective communities, they are all powered by the REALY platform.

The REALY network captures 10% of all sales from across the REALY ecosystem.

This makes it possible for fans and collectible investors to get exposure to the growth of the entire REALY ecosystem.

The REALY teamGeorge Yang, the CEO of REALY, is a serial entrepreneur in the fashion and collectible industry.

Multicoin Capital co-led the Series C round in Helium Inc in 2019 along with USV.

The growth of the Helium Network is driven by a positive feedback loop or flywheel.

This higher price will mean better ROI for Helium hotspot owners, which will further drive network growth.

Over the next year, the Helium network will roll out across the rest of the world.

Powered by the economic flywheel, the Helium network will grow to dominate global telecommunications.

Multicoin Capital has accumulated a large position in RUNE, the native token of THORChain, a decentralized cross-chain automated market maker (AMM).

There is a tremendous opportunity to build products that enable trust-minimized, cross-chain trading.

In a world where many chains and tokens exist, traders naturally want to be able to trade assets across chains in a trust-minimized way.

The first of such cross-chain trading examples was the Tier Nolan atomic swap.

The diversity of chains creates the need for a trust-minimized, decentralized way to trade spot tokens across chains.

Back in August 2020 we led a $1.8M investment in a new automated market maker (AMM) protocol focused on perpetual contracts: Perpetual Protocol, aka Perp.fi!

Once collateral is deposited, traders trade perpetual contracts just as they would on centralized exchanges, but with one key difference.

First, PERP holders govern the protocol, including managing parameters such as trading fees, asset listings, insurance fund management, and more.

Perhaps the best thing about The Perpetual Protocol is that it can be used to trade any asset with a public price feed.

That means it can trade perpetual contracts for cryptos, commodities and or any asset in any asset class.

DeFi lending is 11% of CeFi lending, and DeFi trading is 15% that of CeFi trading.

Swivel TradingLet’s walk through a trade on the Swivel exchange, which is an orderbook-based exchange built on top of the Swivel protocol.

While Swivel offers more leverage for interest rate speculators than ZCB protocols, Swivel does not offer fixed-rate borrowing, and so we are interested in the ZCB model as well because Swivel and ZCB protocols will serve different segments: Swivel for interest-rate speculation and fixed-rate lending, and ZCB protocols for fixed-rate borrowing.

While the Swivel protocol is starting with fixed-floating swaps (the contract example used in the section titled Swivel Lending), …

While scaling Ethereum has been a conversation since the protocol was born, the popularity of DeFi and NFTs has made it an urgent concern.

zkSync best preserves the properties that have made Ethereum successful thus far: decentralization, security, composability, capital efficiency, and instant withdrawals.

As a result, we believe zkSync paves the smoothest path to scaling DeFi, NFTs, and all other innovations happening on Ethereum.

In 2020, nearly all the applications Vitalik dreamed up in the Ethereum whitepaper were live on Ethereum, as were dozens more that couldn’t have been imagined when Ethereum was born.

As Vitalik pointed out in his post, a rollup-centric Ethereum roadmap, the Ethe…

It works by separating the principal from the interest of a given stake into two separate, tradable tokens: Principal Tokens and Interest Tokens.

The market might be interested in buying your 10,000 USDC principal tokens for 9,400 USDC, thus securing a fixed yield of 6%.

Principal tokens trading at a market discount function like zero-coupon bonds and unlock a whole new asset class in DeFi.

You can sell your principal tokens and hold onto your interest tokens, or you can sell your interest tokens and hold onto your principal tokens, accessing some of tomorrow’s yield today.

Higher or lower fixed yields on principal tokens provide certain kinds of information, as do higher or lower prices on…

[4]Thought leadership and recommendations from reputable individuals or organizations are a key source of normative guidance on DAO governance.

In addition to technical specialization in network operation, software development, and cybersecurity, other areas of DAO governance are also increasingly professionalized (e.g.

Professionalization of DAO governance encourages homogenization.

And given that DAOs are often set up to run radically new experiments, growing isomorphism in DAO governance is not a foregone conclusion, even though that is what the anecdotal evidence discussed above seems to support.

Varying degrees of isomorphism in DAO governance are simply a reflection of how different o…

This piece is about one thing: what is the initial distribution of the capital that underpins a cryptonetwork?

In a recent conversation between the Placeholder and USV teams, Fred Wilson commented that with organizations he’s experienced going south over time it can often be traced back to an original sin at inception (team, approach, economics or any other pivotal decision).

For crypto, an original sin we regularly observe is insiders owning too much of systems that are marketed as public, egalitarian networks.

At Placeholder we have targeted 1-5% network ownership on a fully-diluted basis, with Placeholder’s most concentrated position coming in at 7% ownership fully-diluted.

If you want t…

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions matches a desired payoff.

More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff functions and the space of convex CFMMs are equivalent; in other words, every CFMM has a concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff function, and every payoff function with these properties has a corresponding convex CFMM.

We demonstrate a simple method for recovering a CFMM trading function that produces this desired payoff.

This method uses only basic tools from convex analysis and is intimately related to Fenchel conjugacy.

We demonstrate …

Economic conditions, technology, and human practice are all subject to change, and thus approaches to systemic risk mitigation must also evolve over time.

Before considering strategies for systemic risk mitigation, it is important to identify individual types of risk with systemic implications.

Similarly, systemic risk mitigation in DeFi relies heavily on how risk and emergency situations are managed at the level of individual users, businesses, and networks.

In comparison to traditional finance, the key technological advantages of DeFi as it relates to systemic risk mitigation are higher levels of digitization, transparency, and automation.

It may therefore seem premature to think about sy…

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, and mStable, among many others, make up some of the largest decentralized exchanges on Ethereum and other blockchains.

Because all transactions are public in current implementations, a natural next question is if there exist similar decentralized exchanges which are privacy-preserving; i.e., if a transaction’s quantities are hidden from the public view, then an adversary cannot correctly reconstruct the traded quantities from other public information.

In this note, we show that privacy is impossible with the usual implementations of CFMMs under most reasonable models of an adversary and provide some mitigating strateg…

This value proposition hit a chord: in its first 8 weeks of life, over 1,000 open source projects published their code to the Radicle network – and growing day by day.

In February 2021, Radicle launched an Ethereum blockchain integration along with the creation of the RAD governance token.

Third, it enables decentralized funding of open source projects.

This alone is a big innovation, prone to catalyze a new era of open source funding.

We have been working with the Radicle development team for over three years, but this launch is just the beginning of the network’s journey.

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains.

Trading fees have been proposed as a mechanism for compensating LPs for arbitrage losses.

CFMM designers are therefore faced with the problem of how to optimally select fees to attract liquidity.

We develop a framework for determining the value to LPs of supplying liquidity to a CFMM with fees when the underlying process follows a general diffusion.

Our approach also allows one to select optimal fees for maximizing LP value.

Liquidity and trading activity on constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer has grown significantly in the second half of 2020.

Much of the growth of these protocols has been driven by incentivized pools or 'yield farming', which reward participants in crypto assets for providing liquidity to CFMMs.

But what does it mean for a CFMM to be the most liquid market?

We show that this definition is tightly related to the curvature of a CFMM's trading function and can be used to explain a number of heuristic results.

Additionally, the results can also be used to model interacting markets and explain the rise of incentivized liquidity provision, also known as 'yie…

The entire work process, up to the finished product, is performed by automatic machinery and with repetitious mechanical uniformity; the entire factory becomes one single automaton.

[…] And just as the work processes which result in the end product are performed by an automaton, so the end product itself is very often an automaton designed for repetitious mechanical work processes.

There are some important caveats to this emphasis on the role of digital automation in driving human action.

If governed responsibly for the well-being of all, the Great Automaton in the making has a lot of potential for good.

The title of the interview contains a rather thought-provoking phrase for thinking abou…

If a CFMM has zero curvature, the price reported by the CFMM doesn’t change, no matter how much is traded.

One of the main connections between analysis and algebra comes from the notion of intrinsic curvature.

For instance, the intrinsic curvature of a beach ball doesn’t change when you rotate it by any amount in any direction.

How does this relate to the intuitive notion of CFMM curvature?

But how does this curvature related to the interaction between a CFMM, as a primary market, and other, secondary markets?

After a smooth migration this morning, you can now find the Unchained Capital site at unchained.com!

And, in all honesty, we’re glad to see the old hyphen go too!

As we continue to expand the product and engineering teams following our fundraise in June, we’ve got lots more usability and design improvements on the way that will improve your experience on our site and platform.

Update your bookmarksWe’ve meticulously prepared to ensure that there are no disruptions to our services, and all old links will redirect to the relevant place on our site (but if you spot any broken links, let us know!).

However, as we continue to grow and update the site, this will gradually start to change, so make…

At Unchained Capital, we are building a platform for individuals and businesses storing long-term wealth in bitcoin.

KeyKeeper IRA joins UnchainedWhen we think about solving the comprehensive needs of our clients, retirement and inheritance are both critical areas of focus.

We could not be more excited to combine the KeyKeeper brand with Unchained and to have Jeff join the Unchained team full-time as our Head of Retirement and Inheritance.

As a team, we’ve worked closely with Jeff over the past year, and personally, I’ve known Jeff for many years.

The Unchained bitcoin IRA, coming soonTogether, we have big plans and our clients will benefit immensely as we integrate retirement and inheritan…

Bitcoin fee estimation is tricky business.

There are many different approaches to automated Bitcoin fee estimation, each with its own tradeoffs, but one organization that has totally nailed it is The Mempool Open Source Project.

We’re now integratedWe’re pleased to reveal that the Unchained Capital platform’s fee estimation is now powered by mempool.space, The Mempool Open Source Project’s hosted block explorer service.

We want to meaningfully support the projects developed outside of the Unchained walls that we rely on, so we’ve signed up as an official enterprise sponsor of The Mempool Open Source Project, and we’ll be providing monthly contributions to help with the continuing developmen…

Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the initial closing of a $25 million Series A capital raise led by institutional bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG and parent company Stone Ridge Holdings Group.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – June 4, 2021 – Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the initial closing of a $25 million Series A capital raise led by institutional bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG and parent company Stone Ridge Holdings Group.

In February, NYDIG made an initial investment in Unchained Capital through a minority equity stake and agreed to provide $50 million of lending capital.

The partnership between Unchained and NYDIG creates synergies beyond simply capital.

“The partnership between NYDIG and Unchained makes sense on so many levels.

About NYDIGNYDIG provides Bitcoin investment and technology solutions to insurers, banks, corporations, institutions, and HNW individ…

With Bitcoin 2021 just around the corner, we are very excited to announce that Ted Rogers and Jimmy Song have joined the team at Unchained Capital as senior Advisors.

Ted helped lead and scale Xapo through critical years from 2014 to 2019, culminating in the sale of Xapo’s institutional business to Coinbase.

Like Ted, Jimmy Song is a long-time veteran in the bitcoin community.

In addition to Programming Blockchain, Jimmy is the author of Programming Bitcoin, published by O’Reilly Media in 2019.

We could not be more excited to have Jimmy advising our engineering team and contributing to our engineering strategy in a more formal capacity.

Bitcoin transaction fees, how they’re calculated, and how to pay lessBitcoin is by far the most valuable and therefore most heavily demanded cryptocurrency, but there ain’t no such thing as a free lunch.

One of the more challenging aspects of understanding bitcoin is the paradigm shift in how transaction processing works, which often causes quite a shock for users who encounter high fees for the first time.

In this post, we will attempt to shed some light on the often misunderstood world of bitcoin transaction fees, while sharing some best practices on how users can learn to save on fees when transacting directly on the bitcoin network.

Fiat vs. Bitcoin: A new way to think about paying for …

The concept of personal sovereignty has always been important to me.

For someone like myself, trying to tackle the technical aspects of bitcoin was quite daunting.

I quickly realized that to achieve the personal sovereignty I was after, I would need to learn an entirely new skill set and get comfortable with the technology.

For many people, this can be daunting and often prevents them from ever experiencing the financial freedom that Bitcoin natively delivers.

For me, self-sovereignty was what motivated me to take control of private keys and understand the technical aspects of bitcoin.

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If we were forced to guess, we would say there could be one more financial boom and bust cycle left, before the ultimate inflationary endgame.

At some point we will need a system reset and the plumbing of the financial system will need to be re-engineered.

Of course, when the Fed does tighten the taps too far, which we think may happen, it is likely crypto assets may be hit hard.

The motivation for this appears to be that this is an interesting endeavour and perhaps it is subconsciously appealing as it will provide more power and control to the central bankers.

These somewhat odd tactics could fall on deaf ears, with respect to both the public and politicians and therefore central bankers m…

BitMEX Research is delighted to announce that as of 31 August 2021, we have become an active staker on the Ethereum Beacon chain (Eth 2.0).

Therefore BitMEX Research has become a staker.

We have noticed some in the Ethereum community complain about this and discuss the idea of lowering the minimum requirement.

With regards to staking, the choice for us was easy, we went with a large cloud services provider, this is easier than attempting to stake from a local device.

If the staker goes offline you begin to get penalties and this is not something that can be avoided with other options.

Downloading the reserve and liability data filesAs at 29 July 2021, BitMEX has published details of its Bitcoin reserves and liabilities at the snapshot point, as a one-off demonstration exercise.

The full reserve and liability files can be downloaded here:https://public.bitmex.com/?prefix=data/porl/Proof of ReservesA screenshot of the BitMEX reserves file is provided below.

Screenshot of the BitMEX Reserves FileSource: BitMEXThe database consists of around 300,000 UTXOs.

Currently BitMEX has not provided the necessary account details to its clients for them to conduct the process, however the BitMEX insurance fund account details are provided.

Working Demonstration of Proof of Liabilities …

Abstract: We examine the state of proof of assets and proof of liability schemes in the cryptocurrency space, systems whereby exchanges publish a list of user balances, which add up to the total exchange liability.

Proof of AssetsIn the cryptocurrency space, implementing a proof of assets system is simpler than a proof of liabilities system.

Proof of LiabilitiesIn contrast to a proof of assets, a proof of liabilities is a much more challenging concept.

For example the public can see all the account balances and if account balances do not change (for example dormant accounts) it may be possible to link the accounts together.

Leaf index The leaf index is a necessary field because it prevents …

Chapter 21 of the book The Blocksize War is published below.

However, after the drama and shenanigans of the blocksize war, one thing is clear: there is still hope that the claim is true.

This would then make Bitcoin Cash more profitable to mine, driving miners away from Bitcoin and towards Bitcoin Cash.

If the Bitcoin Cash price increased and more miners joined, the Bitcoin Cash difficulty would increase, thereby driving miners back to Bitcoin before the Bitcoin difficulty ever adjusted downwards.

In November 2018, just over one year since Bitcoin Cash had launched, there were tensions in the Bitcoin Cash community.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 20 – SegWit2xMost small blockers had been largely quiet when it came to their campaign against phase two of the NYA, hoping for phase one to occur successfully before engaging more aggressively.

On August 31, one of the mining pools which signed the agreement, F2Pool, announced its intention not to support SegWit2x.

On top of that, 99.94% of nodes & SPV clients will automatically follow that longest chain (segwit2x).

As the proposed consensus protocol Segwit2x project appears likely to activate, we have elected to designate the Segwit2x fork as B2X, for now.

So much for the idea of persuading the community to support SegWit2x; at this point, its propo…

Bitcoin Cash therefore lowered the difficulty requirement, which had another inadvertent benefit: it meant the Bitcoin Cash block headers were incompatible with Bitcoin, and therefore even Bitcoin light clients and mobile wallets would always know not to follow the Bitcoin Cash chain.

The impact of this was that the capacity of the Bitcoin Cash network oscillated in a volatile way, which proved to be a major weakness and impacted the reliability of Bitcoin Cash as a payment network.

The message in the Bitcoin Cash blocks was just marketing, and the owner of the organisation, Peter Ng, also had a mining farm he had allocated to Bitcoin Cash to help market his new venue.

However, Kraken, for …

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 18 – New York AgreementOn May 22, 2017, there was a meeting in New York arranged by Barry Silbert, of Digital Currency Group (DCG), aimed at resolving the conflict.

The following document referred to as the New York Agreement (NYA), was published.

Finally, on June 5, 2017, Jeff caved in under the pressure and included BIP 91 in his BTC1 client.

As for the BTC1 client, it appeared to be full of bugs, even after implementing BIP 91.

Jeff was also under considerable pressure to add replay protection to the BTC1 client, however he opposed this.

Ultimately the rules of Bitcoin work because they’re enforced by the users collectively– that is what makes Bitcoin Bitcoin, it’s what makes it something people can count on: the rules aren’t easy to just change.

In his mind, the fact that BIP 148 was a softfork, a subset of the current consensus rules, was a significant advantage and would help force miners to switch to the BIP 148 chain.

The large blockers often derided the small blockers as insignificant and naive.

If one invested in the BIP 148 token, you could only get a payout if both the BIP 148 token chain and the original rules chain (the non-BIP 148 chain) continued to exist.

Therefore, investing in a token dependent on the contin…

Chapter 16 of the book The Blocksize War is published below.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 16 – LitecoinOne strategy discussed in the Dragons’ Den in this period was the activation of SegWit on Litecoin, an alternative coin, often considered as a close relative to Bitcoin.

Support for SegWit among the Litecoin miners was gradually increasing, however it was still low and it was uncertain if activation would occur.

He explained to me that he didn’t want SegWit in Litecoin, without Litecoin also having a hardfork blocksize increase.

However, this didn’t seem logical because, unlike Bitcoin, Litecoin did not have full blocks at all.

The following day, large blockers discovered a video presentation by Bram Cohen, the inventor of Bittorrent, which was given in January 2017.

The large blockers are also likely to have had secret communication and coordination channels focusing on public relations.

To me, there was one clear takeaway from this “scandal”; I simply had to get inside the Dragons’ Den.

I made it into the depths of the Dragons’ Den.

This war was also a meme war, and the “Dragons”, as members of the channel were sometimes called, were very involved in meme production.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 14 – ASICBoostOn Wednesday April 5, 2017, another bombshell was set off, this time by the small blockers.

The Bitcoin block header is 80 bytes in size and therefore it is split between two chunks — chunk 1 and chunk 2.

Maybe Bitmain’s point was that they were not doing covert ASICBoost, but even if they were, so what?

Extension blocks were a way to get a softfork blocksize limit increase and retain the ability to conduct covert ASICBoost.

Even today, I am genuinely unsure of whether Bitmain was using covert ASICBoost on the mainnet or not.

January 2031The Blocksize War – Chapter 13 – ExchangesIn the year or so that the war had been raging, the industrial landscape of the cryptocurrency ecosystem had changed considerably.

They issued a joint announcement, indicating that they would not regard Bitcoin Unlimited as Bitcoin, even if it had a majority of the hashing power.

Since it appears likely we may see a hardfork initiated by the Bitcoin Unlimited project, we have decided to designate the Bitcoin Unlimited fork as BTU (or XBU).

As for the price of the Bitcoin Unlimited token, it never reached more than 20 percent of the price of the Bitcoin.

Finally, at the end of the year, the Bitcoin Unlimited token expired worthless, as no…

Sometimes governments fuck with money more discreetly (like in ancient Rome, as they gradually reduced the metal content of the denarius).

But governments, whether democratic or authoritarian, always, by design or neglect or arrogance, fuck with money.

You might regard money minted in a democracy as being ‘the people’s money’, and wonder if Bitcoin is less democratic than fiat.

What it means to ‘print’ money is beyond the scope of this article, but basically refers to central banks creating money out of thin air by extending credit to other banks in the financial system.

Yet Bitcoin – unfuckwithable money – appears to be an idea whose time has come, one deserving of serious support from all…

We will take a look at how professional arbitrageurs expand and contract the supply of a stablecoin based on the current demand of the market, how Dai’s model is different and why the lack of a professional arbitrage model makes Dai fundamentally unscalable.

For our latest episode, I sat down with MEV Senpai, one of the top searchers in Ethereum.

He gave us the unique inside perspective of someone who finds and captures MEV himself.

The result was a long & intense convo, one of the best I’ve had in a while.

We discussed:The structure and actors of the MEV gameWhat is searching, how can you learn it, what edges existIntro to private relays and transaction bundlesThe role of Flashbots in DEX tradingand, of course, the hot topic of the day: short-term reorgs in EthereumEnjoy!

Subscribe to the PodcastOther episodes

After a tumultuous month in crypto, Su and I discuss the state of the market and what we see on the horizon.

Listen to conversations between Su Zhu, the CEO and CIO of Three Arrows Capital, and Hasu, an experienced crypto researcher and writer.

Together with occasional guests, we explore the transformative nature of trust-minimized currency and financial services.

Subscribe to the PodcastOther episodes

I went on the Unhashed Podcast to discuss the findings from our recent paper on Bitcoin’s security model.

If you are looking for a less formal entry point to the topic of Bitcoin’s security, or have already read the paper and want to hear more, this show is for you.

First, you no longer publish a fee-paying transaction to the public mempool.

Instead, you sign a transaction and submit it off-chain to the CowSwap relayer, which handles all the execution.

Second, and this gets us to real innovation, CowSwap looks for so-called “coincidents of wants” or CoWs before sending your order to the regular on-chain exchanges.

Because there’s no point in reordering trades that have the same price, this also eliminates MEV as well.

Please enjoy my conversation on CowSwap with Felix Leupold.

Su is sitting out today, and I instead welcome Charlie Noyes and Georgios Konstantopoulos of Paradigm, one of the largest investment funds in crypto.

So like, that’s a pretty that’s that’s a that’s a very interesting situation.

Charlie Noyes 36:54I think that’s true.

I think that’s probably more of a general comment about non application specific security layers.

And I don’t want you to, I don’t want you to comment on the price, because I know that’s not really possible.

Hasu: I don’t actually don’t think that’s it, but you’re very good at the self-deprecating humor, I must say.

But I just don’t think that’s an investment argument.

If I’m going to do the funny money, if I’m going to do the weird internet money, I need more than a three X.” And then they start looking down CoinMarketCap, or CoinGecko or whatever.

Cobie: Honestly, I don’t think it was a very high quality rambling as you’ve just witnessed in this follow-up ramble.

If I’m going to make some closing remarks, since I’ve got the opportunity to record my own closing of the podcast.

In this episode, Su and I discuss the rise of WallStreetBets and financial populism in general.

As one of the most experienced market participants I know, Su has a unique perspective on the story behind the GameStop short squeeze.

We explore why he thinks it is going to end in tears for small investors, which invisible rules of the traditional financial system have been laid bare for everyone to see, and how all of this massively validates crypto and Defi going forward.

Listen to the Episode now

But I think that the right way to think about multi party computation is basically just an implementation of multi signature.

And they are trying to get into the DeFi right now.

Arthur 36:32I think right now, I think for Nexus Mutual is a, it’s a bit of a debate.

So I think that’s kind of the expansion of the scope.

Hasu 58:04Yeah, I think that’s, I think that’s spot on.

After our episode on the top 20 crypto coins (#15) by market cap, we got a lot of requests to do one for Defi as well.

For that discussion, we brought in one of the foremost experts on Defi.

Arthur0x went from being one of the earliest users and investors at Synthetix, Aave, and Kyber, to running the largest Defi-focused fund in all of Asia.

The conversation ran pretty long, so we are releasing it in two parts.

Listen to Part 1Listen to Part 2We don’t have a transcript yet, but if you feel like writing one, feel free to PM me on Twitter or email it to hasu@uncommoncore.co.

In this paper, we introduce our model of Bitcoin’s security, which depends on a surprisingly small number of factors.

We find that Bitcoin can tolerate a high incentive to attack today, but the declining block subsidy poses a substantial risk for the future.

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The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.