Cryptocurrency exchange and custodian Gemini announced on Thursday that it was now expanding “fully” into the United Kingdom as users, both individual and institutional, will now be able to trade and store crypto using the British Pound (GBP).

MakerDAO will not compensate victims of March 12’s “Black Thursday” flash crash that left some of the decentralized finance (DeFi) platform’s investors out $8.33 million, according to a vote that closed Tuesday.

The Maker community had initially voted in early April to refund sunken investors.

The vote itself was dominated by large MKR holders.

Investors have since lobbied the community for partial compensation denominated in the platform’s MKR governance token.

Yet, participating MKR holders were incentivized to vote against the compensation as any additional printing of MKR tokens would dilute the value of their holdings.

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The bitcoin market continues to display weakness; xDai total value locked shows interest in Ethereum scaling solutions.

Bitcoin’s 24-hour range: $10,250-$10,575BTC below its 10-day and 50-day moving averages, a bearish signal for market technicians.

Indeed, after the month opened with a rarely-seen $1 billion day on major exchanges September 3, bitcoin volume has weakened.

xDai value locked doublesThe second largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, ether (ETH), was down Wednesday trading around $327 and slipping 4.7% in 24 hours as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. EDT).

Stablecoin xDai, developed via a collaboration between MakerDAO and POA Network, saw a jump in value locked to $1.2 million…

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

How the Fed and the rise of passive investing and volatility strategies have combined to make market movements faster and more severe.

Corey Hoffstein is the founder and Chief Investment Officer of Newfound Research LLC, a quantitative research and investment fund.

He is also the host of the “Flirting with Models” podcast.

His most recent research is “Liquidity Cascades: The Coordinated Risk of Uncoordinated Market Participants.”In it, he examines three popular narratives about what is driving radical swings in markets, including:The increased role of the FedThe rise of passive and index investingThe growth of volatility-correlated strategiesHe finds that, individually, none could explain t…

The Takeaway:For this year’s Blockchain Commons internship, Christopher Allen had an uncommon “problem”: too many quality applications to turn down.

The Blockchain Commons: a hub for open-source softwareAllen founded the Blockchain Commons in 2018 in a bid to keep Bitcoin’s development open and distributed.

Gorazs Kovacic, a student from Hungary, for example, has been working on the Blockchain Commons’ code for the Lethe Kit.

Murray said that he plans to continue to work on Bitcoin open-source software after the internship, whether professionally or otherwise.

This could mean students studying law, library science or other disciplines to help improve aspects of Blockchain Commons’ documenta…

Top shelfFresh capitalCrypto projects are raising funds as the industry continues to build out decentralized protocols.

Based in the Cayman Islands, the fund will primarily buy tokens listed on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges rather than from decentralized – and sometimes community-owned – automated exchanges.

Panxora CEO Gavin Smith said few if any decentralized exchanges can guarantee sufficient compliance with anti-money-laundering rules, and also because a token listing from an exchange theoretically implies some level of vetting.

Including the other six major issuers, there’s as many as 107,000 BTC (worth ~$1.1 billion) tokenized for use on Ethereum.

Internet 2030Jeff Wilser paint…

With the bitcoin market weakening and an ECB update, CoinDesk’s Markets Daily is back for your latest crypto news roundup!

This episode is sponsored by Crypto.com, Bitstamp and Nexo.io.

Today's Stories:Bitcoin inventory is building on exchanges but there’s a lack of buyers, according to a Chainalysis economist.

The EU central bank said the term stablecoin is potentially “confusing” and “misleading” to consumers.

The supply of BitGo’s wrapped bitcoins (WBTC) topped 76,000 after setting an all-time record of nearly 21,000 WBTC minted within one week.

Parity Technologies has released the second version of its blockchain building kit, Substrate 2.0, according to a blog post shared Wednesday with CoinDesk.

Parity Technologies is the developer of the Polkadot blockchain with ambitions for developing a Web 3.0, undergirded by a meshing of various blockchains.

For example, Parity Tech’s “canary” network Kusama and security token platform Polymesh are two Substrate blockchains.

Both chains should be able to communicate with each other, if everything pans out as co-founder of Parity Tech Gavin Wood foresees.

Parity developers call these modules “pallets.”For example, pallets exist for managing an on-chain developer treasury or for allowing smar…

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

An old quotation crosses your mind: “The comfortable people want only wax moon faces, poreless, hairless, expressionless.” You think again of your colleague’s avatar’s smile and wave to you tonight.

Your name and face – your real face, not that of your office avatar – look back at you.

And revealing people’s multiple identities is a favorite sport, a new form of doxxing.

It isn’t long until a Facebook profile is linked and shared on the Twitter thread.

A real face.

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The Bureau of Fiscal Service is continuing its study of blockchain technology in a new project, Blockchain for Grant Payments, according to a Wednesday announcement. The post Bureau of Fiscal Service launches next phase of blockchain study focused on grant payments appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take DEX aggregators have seen explosive growth in recent weeks, highly correlated to DEX volume.

Increases in average USD value per swap suggest that high notional traders are increasingly utilizing DEX aggregators, while retail users access DEX’s directly.

Multi path algorithmic routing is set to further optimize current DEX aggregator iterations.

Quick Take AMMs have become the dominant model for decentralized exchanges — with a 93% market share today

The success of AMMs can largely be attributed to the ease of providing liquidity. Instead of managing an order book, market makers can simple place assets into liquidity pools

After Uniswap, AMMs have tried to optimize parameters to make trading more efficient and better targeted towards specific use cases

Robinhood has raised a total of $660 million via a Series G funding round.

The post Robinhood closes $660 million in Series G funding appeared first on The Block.

The U.S. Federal Reserve, the country's central bank, has been researching digital currencies along with several regional Federal banks.

The post Several regional Fed banks are researching central bank digital currency initiatives appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take Boutique crypto investment bankers are anticipating a wave of M&A activity.

Spartan Group, Galaxy Digital, and Imperii Partners are among the firms looking to get in on the merger action.

Relative to the traditional IB world, crypto bankers can fetch far higher fees for their services.

Blockchain startup PureStake has raised $1.4 million in seed funding to launch Moonbeam Network — the Ethereum-compatible smart contract platform built on top of Polkadot.

The post PureStake raises $1.4 million to launch Ethereum-compatible network on Polkadot appeared first on The Block.

Sia Tech, the blockchain startup behind the namesake decentralized cloud storage platform, has raised $3 million in seed funding to speed up the development of "free Internet."

The post Sia Tech raises $3 million to speed up the development of ‘free Internet’ appeared first on The Block.

A former White House staffer is joining the board of a blockchain trade association and traditional finance giants to its members list.

The post Blockchain trade association adds former White House acting chief of staff, Visa and Goldman to its ranks appeared first on The Block.

MakerDAO has concluded a governance poll in which Maker token holders decided not to compensate Vault owners who suffered losses by liquidations during the March 12-13 market crash.

The post MakerDAO won’t compensate Vaults affected by liquidations during the March market crash appeared first on The Block.

Dune Analytics has raised $2 million in a seed funding round led by Dragonfly Capital.

The post Ethereum analytics platform Dune raises $2 million in seed funding appeared first on The Block.

Bitstamp is built for professional traders, yet intuitive enough for any investor. Since 2011, we have earned the trust of over four million traders and financial institutions looking for a reliable, professional trading venue.

The post Trade on the Original Global Cryptocurrency Exchange appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take The Block takes a look at UNI volumes, nearly a week after its launch

UNI made up nearly one-third of Binance’s trading volume just two days after it was listed on the exchange

In brief Lots of Bitcoin and Ethereum options contracts expire on Friday.

Almost a billion dollars worth of Bitcoin options contracts, a little under half in existence, are set to expire on Friday, per data from Skew analytics.

On Derebit, the largest platform for options contracts by volume, traders exchange about $57 million worth of options contracts each day.

And as of yesterday, there are about $2 billion worth of Bitcoin options contracts yet to expire.

“If the options contracts expire without being exercised (used), then they won't place upward or downward price pressure on bitcoin.”

Coinbase has created a Platforms team to bridge the product and engineering sides of the company.

They join from Venmo, Adobe, and Google, respectively.

Prior to coming to Coinbase, Dhar was product head at Venmo, the digital payments company.

Previously, as head of commerce engineering at Adobe, he oversaw elements of the software company’s commerce platform to make sure it integrated with other Adobe products.

Outside of the Platforms team, Coinbase also brought on Frank Yoo as VP of Design & Research.

In brief Trustology has released DeFi Firewall protections for their customers, preventing funds from custody clients going to unverified DeFi protocols.

The new protections could draw more institutional investors and their holdings into DeFi.

Trustology announced today the release of new smart contract safeguard controls, a firewall designed to only allow interactions with verified safe DeFi smart contracts from the TrustVault custody system.

The new controls show that innovative DeFi projects, and their touted sky high annual returns, are attracting the attention of institutional investors who recognize they need additional protections from risks that many DeFi users admittedly still only…

Meanwhile, however, the rest of the DeFi market isn’t faring so well—and the same goes for the broader crypto market, too.

Since then, trading on UNI has cooled, and the price dropped all the way down to $3.90 yesterday.

That’s enough for sixth among so-called DeFi tokens, according to CoinGecko.

Though, curiously, as hot as the DeFi market has been in 2020, most tokens associated with decentralized finance are down today.

In fact, some of the biggest tokens in the DeFi space are down a lot within the past week.

Image: ShutterstockIn brief The FEW token was created in a Telegram group and airdropped to key DeFi individuals.

The creators of the token now claim it was all a joke and many have since burned their tokens to make amends.

A group of DeFi enthusiasts have been criticized for creating a worthless token and discussing—either jokingly or not—to dump it on the market.

The controversy follows a previous airdrop of MEME tokens, which, when handed out, were practically worthless.

According to the leaked Telegram screenshots, FEW was designed for those who missed out on the success of the MEME token.

In brief To help prop up the struggling US economy, the Trump administration and Federal Reserve have pumped trillions into the market.

However, the US dollar (USD) continues to weaken against most other currencies, while Bitcoin has witnessed a dramatic recovery from its March 2020 crash.

Since March, US President Donald Trump’s administration, along with the Federal Reserve, has been working to prop up an economy devastated by the effects of the coronavirus pandemic.

As a result, the Trump administration and the Federal Reserve have had to go to extraordinary lengths to keep people working and boost spending.

Overall, the Federal Reserve has injected $2.3 trillion into the market since Ma…

Most—if not all—DeFi platforms are built using Ethereum. But Bitcoiners are getting involved in DeFi: huge amounts of Bitcoin are entering Ethereum smart contracts so they can essentially be tokenized and used to invest in DeFi products. Enter Bitcoin DeFi.

A Bitcoin fork, in crypto lingo, can be described as a radical update to the network protocol.

Known as the silver to Bitcoin's gold, Litecoin appeared as a hybrid of Bitcoin and another now-defunct Bitcoin fork known as Fairbix (which itself came from a previous Bitcoin fork known as Tenebrix).

Though it looked to improve on Bitcoin, Litecoin has always managed to strike a delicate balance, becoming a functional sidekick to Bitcoin rather than a fully-fledged usurper.

Rather than a separate group of developers leveraging the Bitcoin codebase to create something new, Bitcoin Cash was the result of an internal battle.

Nevertheless, even with hundreds of offspring looking to overthrow Bitcoin…

In brief A new law mandates that all aspects of Bitcoin mining in Venezuelan are to be controlled by the state.

Cryptocurrency mining is legal in Venezuela provided a license is obtained, but mistrust of the authorities is widespread.

A decree, published on Monday by the Venezuelan authorities, mandates that all Bitcoin miners join a national pool, and imposes regulations on every aspect of their activity, according to local news outlet Cryptonoticas.

While the new decree proclaims the legalization of crypto mining, it joins a raft of recent legislation that increasingly seeks to centralize and control the mining of the world’s most popular cryptocurrency on national territory.

The authorit…

In brief Bitcoin-themed artwork Block 21, from the series Portraits of a Mind, is being auctioned at Christie's New York.

Block 21 is one of 40 artworks in the series, which depict the Bitcoin code.

Portraits of a Mind, Block 21.

Block 21 will also have a non-fungible token (NFT) associated with it, linking the physical and digital world together for authenticity—another first for Christie’s.

“I look forward to welcoming one more collector to our network—whoever and wherever they may be.”Portraits of a Mind: Block 21 will be displayed in Christie’s New York gallery from October 1-6, before being auctioned on the 7th.

Mick Mulvaney, a former acting White House chief of staff, has joined blockchain advocacy group The Chamber of Digital Commerce alongside finance giants Visa, Goldman Sachs and Six Digital Exchange (SDX), The Block reported today.

While Mulvaney will sit on The Chamber of Digital Commerce’s board of advisors, Visa, Goldman Sachs and SDX have joined the group as executive committee members.

Mulvaney served as the acting White House chief of staff between December 2018 and March 2020 and is a former member of the US House of Representatives.

Among other things, he co-founded the Congressional Blockchain Caucus, representing the state of South Carolina.

Mulvaney previously served as acting chi…

In brief Bitcoin and crypto OTC dealers in China are facing widespread issues in the country.

The People’s Bank of China (PBoC), the nation’s central bank, is flagging accounts related to large cryptocurrency traders in its latest crackdown, according to local news outlet WuBlockchain.

Facing the brunt are China’s over-the-counter (OTC) crypto dealers—or firms that conduct trades outside of the public market (such as on crypto exchanges) and usually transact with upwards of millions of dollars.

These rules apply to all blacklisted accounts and are not limited to cryptocurrency accounts.

Lack of laws affecting businessThe move has to lead to many crypto OTC dealers shutting down their busine…

After two police raids, Bitcoin exchange Bithumb up for saleBithumb, the biggest South Korean crypto exchange, is up for sale.

Buyers have made offers in the range of $430 to $600 million.

The buyer must be responsible for implementing the Special Payments Act.

US banks can hold reserve funds for stablecoin issuers, says federal regulatorFederally chartered banks can hold reserve funds for stablecoin issuers, according to new guidance from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.

“This opinion provides greater regulatory certainty for banks within the federal banking system to provide those client services in a safe and sound manner,” Acting Comptroller Brian Brooks said in a statement.

The letter stressed that banks are cleared to hold such reserves provided that ” the issuer has sufficient assets backing the stablecoin in situations where there is a hosted wallet.”

US Postal Service files patent for voting system combining mail and blockchainUSPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) published a patent application filed by the USPS.

The patent claims that a combination of the security of the blockchain and the mail service provides a reliable voting system.

A registered voter receives a QR code by mail.

A separation of voter identification and votes to ensure voter anonymity is the principal feature of the solution.

The votes are stored on a blockchain attested by election officials.

US reduces its crypto regulation for 48 statesMoney transmitters like Western Union, PayPal, and cryptocurrency firms will be able to more easily expand across the United States, after 48 state regulators agreed to a single set of supervisory rules that should reduce their compliance costs.

Kraken receives US banking license for digital assetsThe US state of Wyoming approved Kraken’s banking application to form the world’s first Special Purpose Depository Institution (SPDI), Kraken Financial.

Headquartered in Cheyenne, Wyoming, Kraken Financial is the first digital asset company in US history to receive a federal and state bank charter, and will be the first regulated, US bank to provide comprehensive deposit-taking, custody and fiduciary services for digital assets.

From paying bills and receiving salaries in cryptocurrency to incorporating digital assets into investment and trading portfolios, Kraken Financial will enable Kraken clients in the US to bank seamlessly between d…

MicroStrategy buys another 16,796 BitcoinBusiness intelligence firm MicroStrategy has added on to its initial $250 million bitcoin bet by loading up a further 16,796 BTC, worth $180 million.

MicroStrategy's CEO Micheal Saylor explained, in no uncertain terms, the addition of thousands of bitcoin in line with it's newly adopted treasury reserve strategy.

"On September 14, 2020, MicroStrategy completed its acquisition of 16,796 additional bitcoins at an aggregate purchase price of $175 million," Saylor tweeted.

Bakkt’s Bitcoin futures market hits all-time high of 15,000 BTC traded TuesdayCrypto derivatives provider Bakkt clocked in $173 million worth of notional trading volumes on Tuesday—an all-time-high.

By way of comparison, volumes for CME's bitcoin futures stood slightly above $383 million on Monday, according to data from Skew.

In terms of the amount of bitcoin traded on Tuesday, the firm clocked in an all-time high of 15,995 bitcoin.

Unlike rival CME, which has a cash-settled product, Bakkt's futures settle in actual bitcoin.

Paxful, citing regulations and its own ‘risk tolerance,’ exits Venezuela’s P2P Bitcoin marketPaxful is pulling out of Venezuela’s peer-to-peer Bitcoin scene.

A company spokeswoman confirmed the exit "Concerns regarding the regulatory landscape around Venezuela and Paxful's own risk tolerance" prompted the exit, she said.

Existing users will have 30 days to withdraw funds.

Venezuela's crypto traders favor P2P crypto exchanges over government-approved alternatives.

Venezuela reportedly has rampant inflation, a largely unbanked population, and high mobile phone usage which make it an excellent landscape for adoption in the near future.

User profiling can help regulators identify illegal crypto activity, says FATFFATF, whose guidance is heeded in more than 200 countries, said in a report Monday that it had identified certain behaviors and characteristics that serve as red flags for regulators trying to detect illegal or illicit transactions.

One of the primary methods, the international financial watchdog said, is to compare a user's transaction activity with that of their profile.

For instance, it might be suspicious if a young user, with no known business interests, started receiving... from various parties all around the world.

Switzerland enshrines its crypto-friendly policies into lawSwitzerland just became the first major financial center with a full set of laws to govern blockchain commerce.

Cryptocurrency-friendly Switzerland has passed wide-ranging legislation opening the door to cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance (DeFi); enabling companies to create digital shares, as well as a range of other tradable assets.

Square forms group to stop patent hoarding from stifling crypto innovationSquare launched the Cryptocurrency Open Patent Alliance (COPA), a non-profit that wants to stop companies from locking up useful technologies in patents, apractice Square says hamstrings innovation.

"Locking up foundational cryptocurrency technologies in patents stifles innovation and adoption; and offensive use of patents by bad actors threatens the growth of cryptocurrency technologies" Square said.

IRS offers $300k bounty to anyone who can break Bitcoin's Lightning NetworkThe IRS is seeking contractors to provide a tool for tracing Monero and Lightning transactions.

The IRS is offering $1 million in total to potential contractors who can break the privacy on these two protocols.

Bitcoin hash rate hits another all time high at 156 EX/sBitcoin's mean hash rate (1-day MA) value has surged to a new all-time high.

Indicating miners seem to be unaffected by the latest pullback.

The value of the mean Bitcoin hash rate (1-day MA) reached the new all-time high of 156 EX/s.

Kazakhstan to invest $700M in Bitcoin miningKazakhstan plans on expanding its crypto mining sector with a $715 million USD investment.

Talks of expansion are already underway.

The government made the case that fueled by the country's access to cheap electricity, an extension to Kazakhstan's already successful mining operations could boost revenues higher.

The central Asian country already boasts 13 mining farms and an additional 4 are currently under construction.

Russian Ministry of Finance amends initial crypto lawsRussian authorities have proposed a set of amendments to the nation’s first crypto laws, most notably barring miners from receiving rewards.

Additionally, crypto cannot be used for payment.

Crypto experts view the bill as “illogical.”

Теперь преимущества инновационной системы оплаты авиабилетов S7 Airlines доступны всем пользователям онлайн-платформы продажи авиабилетов Nemo.Travel.

«Подключение к блокчейн-платформе S7 Airlines позволит клиентам, использующим Nemo.Travel, работать более эффективно в кризисное время.

«Мы уже много лет работаем с S7 Airlines: сначала через партнеров, а в прошлом году начали сотрудничество напрямую.

Перелеты рейсами S7 Airlines занимают порядка 30% от общего объема продаж.

Таким образом, мы заинтересованы чаще рекомендовать нашим клиентам рейсы S7 Airlines», – отмечает Елена Шарова, генеральный директор агентства делового туризма BaltBilet.

VNX, платформа цифровых активов из Люксембурга, успешно провела первую в Европе венчурную сделку на блокчейне.

Люксембургская платформа для инвестиций в цифровые активы VNX Exchange успешно завершила первую в Европе венчурную сделку с использованием технологии блокчейн.

Инвестиция в размере 1,1 млн евро в ведущую инновационную компанию в области блокчейн технологий в Южной Корее — Streami Inc., была осуществлена в формате выпуска цифровых активов на платформе VNX.

Цифровые активы — это токены стандарта ERC-20, выпущенные на публичном блокчейне Ethereum, которые дают инвесторам право на получение дохода от инвестиции.

«Мы гордимся тем, что являемся одной из первых действующих блокчейн платфо…

Разработчик Йуст Ягер, специализирующийся на решении по масштабированию биткойна Lightning Network, сообщил, что недавнее добавление в сеть так называемых Wumbo-каналов открыло в ней новую уязвимость.

pic.twitter.com/9PTkxfF042 — Joost Jager (@joostjgr) September 22, 2020Поддержка Wumbo-каналов была реализована в Lightning Network в августе.

Они снимают ограничения, изначально установленные разработчиками на пропускную способность, что позволяет передавать более крупные суммы в биткойне на втором уровне сети.

Обнаруженный Ягером баг в Wumbo-каналах заключается в том, что они не способны хранить больше 483 хешей и контрактов с временным замком (HTLC) одновременно, невзирая на более высокую п…

Цeнтpaльнoe paзвeдывaтeльнoe упpaвлeниe CШA (ЦPУ) пpoявляeт бoльшoй интepec к кpиптoвaлютe и блoкчeйну, чтo выpaжaeтcя в coздaнии нoвoгo пoдpaздeлeния иccлeдoвaний и paзpaбoтoк, пoлучившиx нaзвaниe CIA Labs.

B paмкax этoй инициaтивы CIA Labs cмoжeт coтpудничaть c экcпepтaми из paзныx oтpacлeй, пpoвoдя иccлeдoвaния, тecты и вeдя paзpaбoтки для peшeния paзличныx зaдaч.

CIA Labs выдeляeт тexнoлoгии pacпpeдeлённoгo peecтpa и блoкчeйн кaк чacть цeлeвыx oблacтeй иccлeдoвaний.

Пpи учacтии CIA Labs coтpудники ЦPУ cмoгут peгиcтpиpoвaть пaтeнты нa cвoю paбoту и пoлучaть пpoцeнт oт пpибыли, cooбщaeтcя в пpecc-peлизe.

B уcлoвияx пocтoяннo мeняющeгocя лaндшaфтa угpoз CIA Labs пoмoжeт нaм coxpaнить кoнку…

В новом документальном фильме студии «Говорит и Показывает» сделана попытка системного анализа отношения к биткойну и цифровой экономике в разных странах.

Подняты вопросы влияния на реальную экономику нового цифрового формата.

Плюсы и минусы этого для государственной системы.

В фильме — оригинальное раскрытие оценки вариантов регулирования криптовалют со стороны государственных властей через анализ и сопоставление отношения к криптовалюте и криптоэкономике в разных странах.

Попытка заглянуть в будущее.

Неудачный прорыв $11.200 приводит к резкому падениюВ предыдущем анализе я обозначил диапазон $11.000–$11.200 как существенный уровень сопротивления, преодолеть который может оказаться непросто.

На графике выше ясно видна смена поддержки на сопротивление на уровне 92,75 пункта, после чего была подтверждена бычья дивергенция.

Здесь выглядит вполне вероятным продолжение заданного импульса до 95 пунктов, если только он не встретит весомого сопротивления в диапазоне 93.50–94 пунктов.

Стоит однако отметить, что после прорыва еще не был протестирован предыдущий уровень сопротивления и консолидации в области 250–275 млрд $.

Область $10.200–$10.325 представляет собой зону поддержки на младших таймфр…

Компании из Великобритании и США с активами на $78 млрд сообщили, что в ближайшие 5 лет увеличат объем вложений в цифровые активы, и рассказали, что поможет признанию биткойна.

45 из 50 пенсионных фондов и страховых компаний Великобритании и США, сумма активов которых превышает $78 млрд, в ближайшие пять лет увеличат объем инвестиций в криптовалюты.

Таковы результаты опроса, проведенного аналитической компанией Pureprofile и провайдером страховых услуг Evertas в сфере цифровых денег, передает DeCrypt.

64% опрошенных заявили, что ожидают постепенный рост инвестиций в цифровые активы со стороны пенсионных и суверенных фондов, страховых компаний и других участников рынка.

84% участников исслед…

В новом документальном фильме студии «Говорит и Показывает» сделана попытка системного анализа отношения к биткойну и цифровой экономике в разных странах.

Подняты вопросы влияния на реальную экономику нового цифрового формата.

Плюсы и минусы этого для государственной системы.

В фильме — оригинальное раскрытие оценки вариантов регулирования криптовалют со стороны государственных властей через анализ и сопоставление отношения к криптовалюте и криптоэкономике в разных странах.

Попытка заглянуть в будущее.

Биткойн-майнеры в последние два месяца продали значительное количество BTC, но аналитики ончейн-данных считают, что это не станет препятствием для следующего бычьего ралли.

Ончейн-аналитик Вилли Ву, объясняет, что майнеры представляют собой один из двух внешних источников давления продаж для биткойна.

В этот период несколько китов продавали биткойны прямо в области $12.000 и аналогичным образом вели себя и майнеры.

По данным ByteTree, чистые наличные запасы BTC биткойн-майнеров в последние 12 недель сокращались со скоростью 125 BTC в неделю.

Данные показывают, что майнеры продавали BTC примерно на 1,362 млн $/неделю сверх тех BTC, что они добыли и продали за этот период.

Житeль Kубы и coздaтeль Youtube-кaнaлa Bachecubano Эpиx Гapcия Kpуз cчитaeт, чтo биткoйн мoжeт пoмoчь кубинцaм oбoйти эти пpeпятcтвия.

Ужe в тeчeниe шecти мecяцeв ЗЗ-лeтний житeль Гaвaны oбучaeт 28 000 пoдпиcчикoв, кaк пoкупaть биткoйн и oпepиpoвaть им нa миpoвыx pынкax.

Kpуз дoбaвил, чтo pынoк тexнoлoгичecкиx пpoдуктoв пoлнocтью кoнтpoлиpуeтcя гocудapcтвoм и пpeдcтaвлeн тoлькo в гocудapcтвeнныx мaгaзинax.

Kpуз гoвopит, чтo пaндeмия Covid-19 cepьёзнo пoвлиялa нa эти нeфopмaльныe тopгoвыe pынки и «в нacтoящee вpeмя oни нaxoдятcя в дeпpeccивнoм cocтoянии из-зa oтcутcтвия кoммepчecкиx peйcoв».

Kpузу и нeкoтopым eгo пoдпиcчикaм биткoйн oбecпeчил финaнcoвую cвoбoду и бoльший кoнтpoль нaд зapaбaт…

Через Bank of New York проходили транзакции, связанные с криптовалютной пирамидой OneCoin, более чем на $137 млн.

Один из старейших банков Америки Bank of New York Mellon в 2017 году уведомлял финансовую разведку США (FinCEN) о подозрительных операциях более чем на $137 млн, связанных с одной из самых крупных криптовалютных пирамид OneCoin.

Согласно данным отчета, специалистам Bank of New York показались подозрительными 29 осуществленных в 2015-16 годах транзакций, сторонами которых выступали 13 банков и компании, связанные с OneCoin, в ходе которых было проведено $137,6 млн.

Согласно сообщению Министерства юстиции США, Игнатова и другие участники OneCoin обвиняются в создании многомиллиард…

В новом документальном фильме студии «Говорит и Показывает» сделана попытка системного анализа отношения к биткойну и цифровой экономике в разных странах.

Подняты вопросы влияния на реальную экономику нового цифрового формата.

Плюсы и минусы этого для государственной системы.

В фильме — оригинальное раскрытие оценки вариантов регулирования криптовалют со стороны государственных властей через анализ и сопоставление отношения к криптовалюте и криптоэкономике в разных странах.

Попытка заглянуть в будущее.

Сложность майнинга биткойна в результате очередного перерасчета обновила исторический максимум на уровне в 19,31 T. Предыдущий рекорд был установлен 24 августа 2020 года на отметке в 17,56 T, по данным пула BTC.com.

Такой рост связан с увеличением объемов вычислительных мощностей в сети первой криптовалюты.

По информации блокчейн-обозревателя Blockchain.com, средний хешрейт главной цифровой монеты за последнюю неделю продолжает расти.

Из-за этого механизм подстройки увеличил сложность сети, чтобы компенсировать отклонения от нормы.

За прошедшие сутки его курс не изменился, за неделю он увеличился на 4%.

К инициативе ФРС по изучению национальной цифровой валюты (CBDC) присоединились нескольких федеральных региональных банков. Среди девяти специалистов есть и разработчики ПО, следует из стенограммы выступления главы ФРБ Кливленда Лоретты Местер. Payments and the Pandemic by ForkLog on Scribd Из слов Местер следовало, что Совет управляющих ФРС располагает технологической лабораторией. Она занимается созданием и тестированием различных платформ распределенных реестров, чтобы понять их потенциальные преимущества и компромиссы. В своей речи представитель монетарных властей отметила, что окончательного решения в отношении выпуска CBDC пока нет.

«Эксперименты являются важным компонентом оценки выг…

Стоящая за разработкой децентрализованной сети облачного хранения Sia и платформы для размещения приложений Skynet компания Nebulous объявила о привлечении $3 млн инвестиций.

Раунд финансирования возглавила Paradigm.

We are thrilled to announce a $3M funding round led by @paradigm with participation from a powerhouse group of investors!

Read more on our official press release and stay tuned on our rebranding to Skynet Labs.https://t.co/FMlD5Xi6LL pic.twitter.com/CjdIBzZVUZ— Sia (@SiaTechHQ) September 22, 2020

Аукционный дом Christie’s выставит на торги фрагмент масштабной коллекции Portrait of a Mind. Она объединяет 40 картин в форме дисков, каждая из которых содержит исходный код биткоина — всего более 12 млн цифр. Работу представляет проект Robert Alice лондонского художника Бенджамина Джентилли. Как отмечено на сайте, на создание 50-метрового арт-объекта он потратил три года. Свое творение автор называет «портретом Сатоши Накамото». [caption id="attachment_111079" align="aligncenter" width="820"] Источник: Robert Alice.[/caption] Каждая картина содержит ровно 322 048 цифр: код биткоина и координаты географического места. Локации выделены золотом и имеют особое значение для истории первой крип…

В начале 2000-х годов мир пережил бум доткомов. В то время компании получали миллионы инвестиций: стоило лишь запустить сайт. Стоимость акций доткомов росла, но их услуги не интересовали потребителей. В результате пузырь лопнул, а инвесторы потеряли $5 трлн. В 2020 году на крипторынке появились сотни DeFi-проектов, и это напоминает ситуацию с доткомами в нулевых. Сектор децентрализованных финансов стремительно растет, но проекты теряют стоимость из-за спекуляций и нехватки реальных пользователей. Блокчейн-разработчик Dapper Labs считает, что блокчейн нужно сделать удобным и полезным для простых пользователей. В противном случае криптовалюта продолжит жить от дампа до пампа. Dapper Labs — со…

О дальнейших возможных сценариях движения цены биткоина и нескольких популярных альткоинов рассказывает ведущий аналитик RoboForex Дмитрий Гурковский. Криптовалюты продолжают корректироваться вблизи важных уровеней поддержки. Пробой этих областей вниз может указывать на еще более глубокую коррекцию всего рынка. Однако если покупатели смогут показать некоторую силу и ценам удастся оттолкнуться вверх, шансы на продолжение роста станут гораздо выше. Более того, на более мелких таймфреймах некоторых активов формируются разворотные модели в пользу движения вверх, поэтому здесь также будет очень важным увидеть пробой верхних границ этих паттернов. Только в этом случае можно будет смело говорить о…

Капитализация оператора мобильного приложения для торговли акциями и криптовалютами Robinhood достигла $11,7 млрд после раунда финансирования Серии G, пишет Reuters. Финтех-стартап привлек $460 млн от Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia Capital, DST Global, Ribbit Capital, 9Yards Capital и еще $200 млн от D1 Capital Partners после продления раунда. В мае компания оценивалась в $8,3 млрд после получения […]

The post Капитализация дружественной к биткоину платформы Robinhood достигла ,7 млрд first appeared on ForkLog.

Среди технологий, развитие которых станет в ближайшие годы приоритетным для России, первый вице-премьер РФ Андрей Белоусов назвал блокчейн, сообщает "ТАСС".

"В первую очередь это поддержка и развитие перспективных технологических заделов по сквозным технологиям во взаимодействии государства и крупнейших компаний", - заявил он.

Помимо блокчейна, среди них Белоусов перечислил искусственный интеллект, квантовые вычисления, Интернет вещей, технологии 5G, квантовые коммуникации и другие.

Напомним, блокчейн является одной из технологий, развитием которых власти занимаются в рамках нацпрограммы "Цифровая экономика". В прошлом году программа продемонстировала один из худших результатов по исполнени…

Народный банк Китая составил черный список счетов крупных трейдеров местных криптовалютных OTC-платформ. Его фигуранты утратят доступ к онлайн-банкингу на пять лет, пишет DeCrypt со ссылкой на локальные СМИ. Инициатива стала частью более широкой борьбы с отмыванием средств в стране. Ранее в этом году регулятор начал кампанию по искоренению незаконных доходов и запросил у банков информацию о счетах и деталях транзакций по покупке и продаже криптовалют. Повышенное внимание ЦБ уделяет внебиржевым трейдерам. Появление в черном списке означает запрет на использование пользователем всех счетов, не ограничиваясь теми, которые связаны с криптовалютами. После выявления и ограничения системой риск-ме…

Перевод материала Coldcard 101 подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Coldcard — это аппаратный кошелек, разработанный командой Coinkite. Аппаратный кошелек — это устройство, основной целью которого является защита приватных ключей пользователя.Любой, у кого есть доступ к вашим приватным ключам, может потратить все биткоины, хранящиеся в этом кошельке, поэтому переоценить значимость безопасного хранения приватных ключей невозможно. Coldcard использует ряд механизмов и уникальных функций с целью обеспечения безопасности ваших биткоинов на высшем уровне. Coldcard не поставляется с собственным приложением или дополнительным программным обеспечением. Выбор ПО для работы с кошельком является исключительн…

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

Хэл Финни — история жизниПеревод эссе о Хэле Финни, подготовленного компанией криоконсервации Alcor, подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Это — новый взгляд на его личную жизнь, идеалы и вечный оптимизм даже перед лицом необратимой смерти.Хотя Хэл широко известен своими новаторскими профессиональными достижениями в киберпространстве и технических кругах, его повседневная жизнь рисует гораздо более детальную картину о его яркой личности. Он был преданным мужем, отцом и неравнодушным человеком с большим жизненным опытом, достигнувшим многого.Южная Калифорния, корниГарольд Томас Финни родился весной 1956 г. в маленьком городке Коалинга, штат Калифорния. Отец Хэла долгое время был сотрудником Union Oi…

Перевод статьи What is Multisig подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Самостоятельное хранение или доверие третьей стороне?Благодаря Биткоину у частных лиц и бизнесов теперь появилась возможность взять на себя важную ответственность: возможность в одностороннем порядке контролировать свои собственные средства. Истинное владение биткоинами подразумевает управление своими приватными ключами. Именно приватные ключи являются инструментами, необходимыми для авторизации перевода средств. Ничего, кроме хранения приватных ключей, нельзя считать контролем над собственными средствами. В противном случае деньги контролируются третьей стороной, что, как правило, делает сам факт обладания биткоинами бессмысленн…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Улицы немного оживились, бизнесы и производства постепенно готовятся к возобновлению былых темпов. На горизонте появилась надежда. Может, правительства и центральные банки и правда знают, что делают? А все эти горе-экономисты, самоучки со своими устрашающими прогнозами просто злятся, что им не нашлось места в кабинете министров? Может и так, но прежде, чем строить “Наполеоновские планы”, удели 10 минут прочтению этой статьи. Обещаю, что если ты не найдешь ее полезной, я больше не бу…

Модификация фото Пауло КарролоСегодня предлагаю заглянуть в будущее и обратить внимание на то, насколько редким является биткоин. С каждой эпохой производство биткоинов будет замедляться все сильнее, а борьба за монеты лишь ужесточится. Статья, подготовленная @mtc, предлагает взглянуть на динамику появления биткоинов самым что ни на есть глобальным образом.— Tony ₿Взгляд на динамику появления биткоиновЛишь несколько дней назад на майнинг одного биткоина уходило около 48 секунд. Эти вычисления основаны на времени, затрачиваемом на производство полного блока, равного приблизительно 10-и минутам при вознаграждении за блок в 12,5 BTC. 11 мая 2020 года вознаграждение за блок уменьшилось вдвое до…

Я подготовил квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг”. Квиз, как вы уже поняли, посвящен истории эволюции денег и роли Биткоина в современной экономической похлебке.Пройди этот квиз чтобы оценить собственные знания монетарной истории и Биткоина. Поделись им с друзьями, и, надеюсь, что он поможет вам узнать что-то новое и интересное о деньгах, Биктоине и том, как все это работает. Подробные ответы на все вопросы квиза можно найти на сайте BITCOIN TRANSLATED , и нашем телеграм каналеУчись вместе с нами, чтобы стать на шаг ближе к собственному финансовому суверенитету.Квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг” was originally published in BITCOIN TRAN…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Четвертого мая новостное агентство CNBC опубликовало статью, заголовок которой попросту не мог не привлечь внимания ни одного здравомыслящего экономиста. При этом, очередные три ТРИЛЛИОНА долларов уже не кажутся чем-то необычным в соответствии со всеми программами количественного смягчения, повышениями экономических стимулов, выкупами долгов крупнейших корпораций и “вертолетными деньгами”. А что касается подобных заголовков, то они становятся ни чем иным, как очередной историей, вря…

Перевод эссе Фила Бонелло “The Sovereign Individual” Investment Thesis от 12 ноября 2019 г. переведен биткоинером Tony ₿Информационные технологии влияют на глобальную динамику распространения власти несколькими ключевыми способами:Мгновенное распространение информации снижает коммерческие и юрисдикционные барьеры как для ее получения, так и для передачи. Это способствует росту конкуренции благодаря стимулированию предпринимательства на глобальном уровне.Создание неправительственных цифровых денег уменьшает влияние инфляции и налогообложения. Финансовые сервисы также получают возможность упрощенного выхода на глобальную арену.Шифрование снижает стоимость обеспечения безопасности. Вместе с те…

You’ll probably get lost from time to time, but if I'm doing my job, you’ll still get the gist of it.

You'll notice this course is completely free, and there's a specific reason why I want it to be free.

Those are just APIs, specifications, and libraries—so long as you understand the core ideas behind how they work, you'll be able to figure out the details on your own.

Each lesson will have self-serve assignments tied to the course, both coding assignments and multiple choice questions to test your comprehension.

The term project will be to create your own fully-fledged cryptocurrency.

By analogy, we are currently experiencing a Cambrian Explosion in the field of cryptographic proofs of computational integrity (CI), a subset of which include zero knowledge proofs.

The purpose of this post is to identify the common denominators of all CI systems implemented in code and discuss a few differentiating factors.

Takeaway: symmetric CI systems can arithmetize over any field, leading to greater efficiency.

¹ The term ZKP is often misused to refer to all CI systems, even ones that are not, formally, ZKPs.

To avoid this confusion we use the loosely defined terms of “crypto proofs” and “computational integrity (CI) proofs”.

In addition to scalability, I think we’ll also see privacy integrated into one of the dominant chains in the 2020s.

These crypto startups will have the challenge that all startups have: making something people want.

In the 2020’s, I think we will see cryptocurrency adoption in emerging markets scale to hundreds of millions of users, with at least one country “tipping” so that the majority of transactions in their economy happen in cryptocurrency.

During the 2020’s I think we’ll see the cryptocurrency market structure evolve to more closely resemble the traditional financial world, with these functions being separated out from a legal and regulatory point of view.

By shifting cryptocurrency …

As such, it will become widely recognized as the flag of technology over the course of the 2020s.

To understand this claim, we need to define what "technology" is, what a "flag" would mean in this context, and why Bitcoin would be chosen as that flag.

Bitcoin: an ideological flag and a Schelling pointRecall that not every flag represents a geographical entity.

Bitcoin also becomes a flag in another sense: a rallying point, a Schelling point for an entrepreneurial community.

Bitcoin encodes the values of TechnologyBut when the global tech community rallies around the flag of Bitcoin, what exactly is it getting behind?

Bitcoin is a system that automates the continual discovery of consensus amongst its participants.

Bitcoin seeks to address the root problem with conventional currency: all the trust that’s required to make it work .

There are, unfortunately, many known threats to the privacy of Bitcoin users and as a result, Bitcoin in its current state is far from perfectly fungible.

ConvergenceAny two Bitcoin clients, if they connect to a single honest peer, should eventually converge on the same chain tip.

As an example, Bitcoin ABC broke this principle by instituting a 10 block maximum chain reorganization rule.

And that principle is this: when building mechanisms that decide high-stakes outcomes, it’s very important for those mechanisms to be credibly neutral.

Note that it is not just neutrality that is required here, it is credible neutrality.

Hence, the principle of credible neutrality, must also be augmented with another idea, the principle of efficacy.

Sometimes, this even means that if a credibly neutral mechanism to solve some problem has not yet been found, an imperfectly neutral mechanism should be adopted in the short term.

Credibly neutral mechanisms for solving many kinds of problems do exist in theory, and need to be developed and improved in practice.

States cannot be trusted with absolute power, and power over money is their best weapon in controlling people and spreading misery.

And when we get going about sound money, and the idea that fiat money = misery, therefore cryptocurrencies = freedom and happiness, it just sounds insane to them.

We are not interested in it.”It took smart people years to understand the power of the Internet, and it will take smart people years to understand the power of crypto currencies.

Or any of thousands of other experiments being conducted by smart people trying to do their own thing.

Like the Internet, crypto currencies and other blockchain experiments can be used for good or evil.

In this beginner’s guide to decentralized finance (“DeFi”) we review the following:Stablecoins.

Decentralized lending.

And these smart contract lego pieces can even create completely new concepts that haven’t been explored in the traditional world.

Another potential issue is that the interest rate volatility on many DeFi platforms could make it impractical for someone to participate.

With that said, these hedging methods themselves are in their infancy, and add smart contract risk of their own.

Meanwhile, from the perspective of crypto outsiders (including many people, banks, and governments), anything concerning crypto is scary—no one controls it!—and decidedly not pragmatic.

First, we offered secure and simple crypto storage, which amounted to centrally storing decentralized currency.

Second, we allowed people to purchase Bitcoin and Ether, which meant buying crypto with fiat currency.

And you definitely created more crypto users overall by providing storage capabilities than by offloading that to the user.

Indeed, some advanced crypto users were quick to point out that self-custody is “simple” to do.

The solution then was an encrypted web-browsing protocol for the public internet called HTTPS.

We've developed a conceptually similar solution today for encrypted transactions on a public blockchain, called Zcash.

In a fully shielded Zcash transaction, the timestamp is public, but no information about sender, receiver, or amount is public.

Like HTTPS, fully shielded Zcash transactions prevent eavesdropping and protect financial privacy.

Just as HTTPS became standard on the public internet to protect credit card transactions, we believe strong encryption will in time become standard on public blockchains to protect cryptocurrency transactions.

It's now time to apply those abstractions to Bitcoin's own P2P network.

At a high level, almost all cryptocurrencies inherit the same P2P network design from Bitcoin.

This bootstrap node is your entrance point into the P2P network, from which point you can then organically find new peers.

You also should understand why Satoshi chose to design the Bitcoin network with a P2P architecture.

Additional ReadingBitcoin Core 0.11: P2P Network, a Bitcoin Wiki walkthrough of Bitcoin Core's P2P networking stack (2018)Anonymity Properties of the Bitcoin P2P Network, showing how passive observers can use statistical techniques to deanonymize Bitcoin transactions by monitoring P2P traffic, by Giulia Fant…

Gnutella is a great entrance point into gossip because it's one of the simplest gossip protocols that was used in production.

A minimum spanning tree is the smallest possible such tree—in other words, a spanning tree that is built with the minimum number of edges (or minimal total edge weights).

A minimum spanning tree gives us maximally efficient routing, especially if the spanning tree is constructed in consideration of the underlying network topology.

Enter the gossip protocolIf we want the scalability of a spanning tree without the brittleness, we want to use gossip.

So with a little bit of gossip theory under our belts, let's look at how Gnutella works beneath the hood.

A P2P network is a distributed model of networking, in which there is no central server.

A brief review of the history of P2P protocols will make clear why Satoshi valued these features in Bitcoin.

P2P protocols were the first distributed systems that reached massive scale in the number of computers (besides the Internet itself, that is).

This means any P2P network must be carefully engineered so that even in the presence of malicious users, the network cannot be subverted.

Despite these tradeoffs, it was clear to Satoshi Nakamoto that the properties of P2P networks were necessary for a decentralized currency.

EncryptionTo understand public-key cryptography, we have to start with what we mean by encryption.

Public keys as identityIn public-key cryptography, a crude but useful analogy is to think of your public key like a username.

This is precisely what makes public-key cryptography feasible as a form of identity.

If those assumptions turn out to be false, it would imply that all of our public-key cryptography were fundamentally broken.

Most of your interactions with public-key cryptography you'll be outsourcing to libraries, so there's no need to get deep in the weeds quite yet.

Okay, so how difficult is it to generate a hashcash PoW with a difficulty level of \(N\) bits?

The first is limiting each hashcash token to a specific email address, so they're not reusable for different recipients.

You can see some Hashcash tokens Adam Back generated on the Hashcash website, such as this one:from hashlib import sha1 sha1(b"0:030626:adam@cypherspace.org:6470e06d773e05a8").hexdigest() # '00000000c70db7389f241b8f441fcf068aead3f0'This hashcash digest has 8 leading zeros in hex, equivalent to 32 leading zeros in binary.

To mitigate this, Hashcash requires the email server to remember any Hashcash tokens received in the last day.

The assignment has two parts: first, you'll be wr…

NuCypher is a decentralized threshold cryptography network offering interfaces and runtimes for secrets management and dynamic access control.

They are currently in testnet but once launched you will be able to use NuCypher to carry out proxy re-encryption.

Proxy re-encryption is a cryptographic method that allows you to delegate re-encryption of data to a third party and in this case validators in the NuCypher network.

With this method you issue a re-encryption key that is assigned to a specific public key and a third party has the ability to re-encrypt data for that third party to decrypt.

In this case the NuCypher network acts as the third party service.

Gauntlet is a simulation platform for building financial models of blockchain protocols and applications.

Their platform uses machine learning methods to simulate different environments with various user behaviors and see how the system holds up in those conditions.

Tarun Chitra, CEO & Founder of Gauntlet, talks about his previous life in chip manufacturing and how he built Gauntlet.

He also goes deep into the machine learning and statistical analysis involved with Gauntlet.

It is quite a fascinating concept and when applied to blockchain systems, there is huge potential for this to become something that is expected by users, investors, and the community for new protocols.

Celo has a clear mission – to build a financial system that creates the conditions for prosperity, for everyone.

The Celo Foundation is a non-profit organization that supports the growth and development of the open-source, decentralized Celo Platform.

Guided by the Celo community tenets, the Foundation contributes to education, technical research, environmental health, community engagement, and ecosystem outreach.

These activities support and encourage an inclusive financial system that solves real-world problems such as lack of access to sound currency, or friction for cash-transfer programs aimed to alleviate poverty.

Rene Reinsberg and Marek Olszewski, founders of Celo, talk about how th…

Cory Doctorow is a blogger, author, and podcaster known for being cypherpunk and activist.

For over two decades, he has been a central figure in the fight for digital rights, creative commons, and an open Web.

In the midst of the global pandemic, Cory has been vocal about the risks on digital rights and the Patriot Act-ification of security and surveillance measures implemented by governments worldwide.

We spoke about his early days, growing up in Canada and discovering the intersection of technology and arts on the web.

He also shares his thoughts on crypto its role in the broader vision for the decentralized Web.

Republic is an investment platform that allows anyone pretty much anywhere in the world, of any income and net worth, to invest in some of the best private equity startups. It allows regular people, not just a few wealthy accredited investors, to invest in highly vetted private startups, with as little as $10 or as much as $100,000 per investment.In the past, accredited investors were the only ones allowed to invest in startups through equity-based incentives. However the JOBS Act of 2016 created an exemption under the federal securities laws so that crowdfunding can be used to offer and sell securities to the general public. Republic launched just after the JOBS Act was passed with a goal …

SKALE Network's modular protocol is one of the first of its kind to allow developers to build application specific blockchains. These are interoperable and compatible with the Ethereum mainchain, and the entire Ethereum ecosystem. They provide the benefits of decentralization without compromising on computation, storage, or security.The focus of SKALE Network is slightly different to other scaling solutions, many of which we have had on the show in the past. SKALE Network aims to scale smart contracts, not necessarily transaction throughput. Think of it as a highly performant Ethereum as a service side chain, where developers can deploy their own app specific blockchains. Within the scale n…

Ampleforth is a cryptocurrency attempting to become an essential building block to an alternative financial ecosystem. The protocol’s native token, AMPL, is a non collateralized cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, but with a twist: It is supply elastic. This means the token and protocol will automatically increase or decrease the quantity of tokens held in user wallets based on 24 hour weighted volume price. AMPL operates as an ERC-20 token on top of the Ethereum blockchain. Some claim that the Ampleforth protocol’s implementation of “countercyclical” economic policy makes it a good complimentary collateral because they posit that this mechanism ought to give AMPL a low correlation to the likes o…

Balancer is a generalized automated market maker (AMM) protocol built on Ethereum. It allows anyone to create or add liquidity to customizable pools and earn trading fees. On one side there are liquidity providers (LPs) that generally seek to balance their holdings, and they get rewarded with trading fees. On the other side, traders that are looking for the best rate possible.One way to look at Balancer is as a generalization of Uniswap, however Balancer pools aren't restricted to the same 50/50 split between 2 tokens. A Balancer pool can support up to 8 tokens with any weights. It supports smart order routing which ensures trades get sent to the pools which provide the best rate possible. …

UMA, or Universal Market Access, is an open source financial contracts protocol for building synthetic assets. It allows any two counterparties to design and create their own financial contracts for derivatives. An example of these assets in the traditional finance world, are interest rate derivatives. These are used to hedge against fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Today, interest rate derivatives are commonly used and the contracts to create these are standardized. Similarly, UMA allows anyone to create a derivative on a blockchain. Enforcement of agreement will be enforced by the network and so will settlement.What’s unique about UMA is how it ensures proper collateralization of …

Numerai, the "hardest data science tournament on the planet". It's a hedge fund with its own distributed research platform designed specifically for AIs. It's the first of its kind and takes a radically different approach to making market predictions. It's completely crowd-sourced and data scientists around the world compete to create the best predictions and get paid with cryptocurrencies. Users are completely blind to the data and Numerai is blind to the code, and the predictive models users generate. The result is a hedge fund which is market neutral, currency neutral, and geography neutral. It makes all decisions solely on the data.Richard Craib, Founder of Numerai, was first on the sho…

Polkadot is a unique protocol connecting multiple purpose-built blockchains into one scalable network. It's using blockchain technology to make way for new markets and future decentralized economies and has many stand out features. It's a sharded multichain network enabling many transactions on several chains in parallel. It offers interoperability and cross-chain communication. Communities on Polkadot govern their own network, and hold a stake in the future of Polkadot’s network governance as a whole. It also enables forkless upgrades, allowing blockchains to evolve and adapt easily. Over 100 projects have been or are currently being built for the Polkadot ecosystem, in a wide range of ser…

Just like all software, smart contracts on the blockchain are subject to serious security vulnerabilities and coding errors. The fact however that smart contracts are often directly in charge of assets and cannot be changed once they are on the blockchain, makes secure development and running essential. Some smart contract platforms have their own languages, for example Solidity in Ethereum. Bugs and vulnerabilities in the source code, and errors in the virtual machines used by the network, are the main reasons behind security issues in smart contracts.Projects using blockchain applications should expect constant changes in the security landscape. New bugs, security risks, and best practice…

Nexus Mutual provides an alternative decentralized insurance solution for Ethereum. The protocol is built on the public chain and operates under a discretionary mutual structure meaning it is owned wholly by its members. It allows anyone to become a member and buy cover, and the model encourages engagement as members receive incentives for participating in Risk Assessment, Claims Assessment and Governance. At present the product offered is cover to protect against hacks in smart contract code. When Nexus Mutual is alerted to a claim, members will also be asked to vote on whether to pay out on that claim or not. Hugh Karp, the CEO and Founder of Nexus Mutual, has combined his insurance indus…

Opyn is a smart contract-based insurance platform built on a generalized (supports both put and call) options protocol called Convexity. It is intended as a platform to protect DeFi users against both technical and financial risks, and a place where ETH holders can earn substantial premiums on their holdings by providing insurance.Opyn uses tokenized ERC20 put options, oTokens, on ETH to allow option buyers to keep their upside while limiting their downside. If you buy Opyn protection, you are buying “the right but not the obligation to sell an asset at a pre-specified price”. Currently, you can buy insurance for DAI, ETH, and USDC deposits on Compound and it is completely noncustodial and …

Click to download audio versionJoin Adam B. Levine, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Jonathan Mohan for another wide-ranging discussion on the messy reality in which bitcoin and blockchains intersect real life.

Note: We're changing up our distribution as we get ready for our next marathon of growth!

subscribe to the show-only subscriber feed today to make sure you don't miss any episodes.

On this episode we discuss the significance of a recent, seemingly innocuous letter released by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency...

Shownotes:Caitlin's twitter thread https://twitter.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1286226852244160512Preston's twitter thread https://twitter.com/prestonjby…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of a major Twitter compromise that impacted a broad swathe of the largest, most influential accounts, join Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Adam B. Levine for a dive into the crazy series of events, what impact it has on bitcoin, decentralization and more.

Views: 2,934

There's nothing more political than money because money affects everything else, and yet Bitcoin works.

What’s the value in the US and western Europe compared to the value in less developed parts of the world?

Does being part of the bitcoin community make you politically affiliated, or represent a distinct political viewpoint?

What I like about Bitcoin is it's a way to be a part of neither game.

So it's a failure on two sides at the same time..." - Jonathan MohanCreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Adam B. Levine and Jonathan Mohan.

Click to download audio versionOn today’s episode of Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

According to Richard, Bitcoin’s Lightning is a what’s needed to make mobile mesh networks catch on by bootstrapping on top of the payment routing infrastructure.

“…the Lightning network currently sends payments from A to B to C and then all those intermediate nodes can connect a small fee if the payment is delivered at the end.

All we’re doing is saying ‘Not only [can you send] a payment, but [you can send] a small message.

Lot49 is custom communication protocol that’s optimized for mesh.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

That luxury is pretty concentrated in just a few places in the world and at some point you can't afford that luxury of apathy.

- Andreas M. Antonopoulos, LTB!

#437CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Music provided by Jared Rubens, FromEther and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Inspired by a recent article in the Atlantic, in today's wide-ranging discussion the hosts of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

If Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

Government surveillance vs. private surveillance provided to the governmentWhat we learned from Edward SnowdenDoes China commercialize surveillance?

Censorship as controlling access to the publishing of information vs. controlling what is amplified vs. how much reach it has.

CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Click to download audio versionAlthough some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Although some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Click to download audio versionOn today's show we've got a pair of interviews for you.

First we speak with John Cantrell, the author of Juggernaut, a new messaging layer 3 application being built on top of layer 2 lightning network, which is itself built on top of layer one bitcoin.

It's a lot of layers, but as a technological concept currently in beta it's a fascinating project, and we talk about it.

(Juggernaut on Github)After the break we're joined again by Alex Gladstein of HRF.org for a discussion on political expediency in the age of pandemic and what crisis has revealed about various governments, and different types of governments around the world.

- Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Of…

Click to download audio versionIn Today's discussion we'll briefly talk about some of the knock-on, or second order affects which the coronavirus disruption is having on our world today, and which may continue into the future.

Then for the meat of the show we'll dig into specific areas where bitcoin could, or perhaps is being improved with the creator of one of the most impactful peer to peer technologies in the world today.

The end of “Bus Mode” for Lyft and UberAutonomous vehicles, grocery deliveries and the last mile problemTampons, cocktail sausages and a very weird monthThis episode is sponsored by eToroA friendly government delivery service?

Is it viable to farm with AWS?

Today's show…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of the so-called "Black Thursday" crash from several weeks ago, MakerDAO's "DAI" ethereum backed dollar pegged stablecoin came untethered and was, for a time at least, functionally insolvent.

In the aftermath, holders of the MKR token which allows holders to participate in governance decisions opted to do a couple of things, including adding the centralized stablecoin USDC to the list of acceptable collateral, which drew both condemnations mostly around centralized risk being added to the system and praise for making the system more robust against sudden ETH collateral price crashes.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin we're discussing the coming bailout-everything regime in a topic that's both extremely timely but is also what originally forced many long-term bitcoin enthusiasts to learn about money and become interested in cryptocurrency originally.

And more...Today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

featured Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine.

This episode was sponsored by eToro.com and featured music by Jared Rubens and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Photo by Tim Foster on UnsplashViews: 3,250

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode we're joined by early investor and entrepreneur David Johnston to discuss:A new "consensus based" alternative to "reserve based", "game theory based", or trusted oracle based StablecoinsThe growing relevance of DeFi even for those who aren't using itJohnston's Law six years later, how far we've come and real reasons for optimism on the decentralized evolution of everything.

Click to download audio versionEarlier this week the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Show gathered to discuss Coronavirus and its potential impacts or disruptions to the decentralized world of bitcoin.

On today's podcast we discuss Coronavirus and:

Credits for LTB#428This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode featured Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine for a hot minute.

Today's episode was produced by Adam B. Levine, edited by Jonas with music provided by Jared Rubens, From Ether Music and general fuzz.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]

Click to download audio versionOn Today's Show...With the price of bitcoin headed up again, the idea of blockchains and digital currencies has never been more palatable to the mainstream.

Episode Credits:This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Music for today's episode was provided by Jared Rubens and Gurty Beats, with editing by Jonas.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]Have any questions or comments?

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 25: Unprecedented: Rules Without RulersAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

He has published “The Internet of Money” series of books, which focus on the social, political, and economic importance and implications of these technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses the word of the season, unprecedented.

Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented job losses, unprecedented incompetence.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 24: Open Blockchain Development CultureAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses open blockchain development culture.

Is there a right way to build open blockchain software?

This talk was delivered on December 12th, 2019 for the La Bit Conf Latin American Bitcoin and Blockchain conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 23: One Network, Many ChainsAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “One Network, Many Chains,” Andreas explores why he believes we are headed towards one internet of money, interoperability between many chains satisfying different objectives.

He also discusses cycles of infrastructure and application growth, the value of scarce attention, standardization, and how scaling never ends.

This talk was delivered on October 23rd 2019 for the Blockstack Summit at SFJAZZ Center in San Francisco, California.

This series is c…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 22: Unstoppable Code – The Difference Between Can’t and Won’tAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Unstoppable Code: The Difference Between Can’t and Won’t,” Andreas argues that what is interesting about both Bitcoin and Ethereum is unstoppable code.

Cryptography and decentralized systems are defensive mechanisms to assert and enforce our human rights.

What is the unstoppable code worth running?

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 21: Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis BlockadeAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis Blockade,” Andreas recounts the origins of Bitcoin and the meaning of the message that was embedded forever in its genesis block.

Now he focuses on the financial blockade against WikiLeaks and who the banks truly serve, while trying to leave us none the wiser and with no other choices.

This talk took place on August 6th 2018 at ‘The Internet of Money Tour’ at the Hilton Denver Inverness in Colorad…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 20: Investing in Education Instead of SpeculationAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Investing in Education Instead of Speculation,” Andreas explains how education and training in the Bitcoin and open blockchain space can enrich your life in a sustainable way.

Unlike speculating on a basket of crypto-assets and tokens, investing in skills is permanent, transferable across chains, and empowering.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Monthly…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 19: Bubble Boy and the Sewer RatAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bubble Boy and the Sewer Rat,”Andreas delivers a whimsical security analysis of the open, public and decentralized Bitcoin system, compared to the closed, proprietary and centralized alternatives.

He argues that the strategy of security by isolation has consequences for the ability of any computer system to build immunity.

While it may not be pretty, being constantly exposed and attacked in the wild open internet will help Bitcoin achieve censo…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 18: Bitcoin and the Banks – Five Stages of GriefAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin and the Banks: Five Stages of Grief,”Andreas examines the rise of “Blockchain” as an attempt by the banking status quo to dilute the disruptive potential of Bitcoin by removing its most interesting features.

He argues that this is one symptom of a multi-stage grief process that banks will inevitably transition through as they try to come to terms with Bitcoin and the new open blockchain ecosystem.

This talk was delivered…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 17: Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer ProtectionAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer Protection,” Andreas advocates that regulators adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ approach towards Bitcoin, so as to not hamper the potential of its most innovative features.

He also criticises the insanity of the current fragmented systems of payment, breaks down why they fail at consumer protection, and how with Bitcoin we can expect better.

This talk was delivered on November 24th 2014 at the…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 16: One of a Kind – Why Bitcoin is ‘The Next Bitcoin’Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

He also tells the story about how he bought bitcoin for the first time, why it is not the get-rich-quick scheme you may think it is, and the ways they could fail.

This talk took place on July 12th 2019 at the Athens Bitcoin and Blockchain Tech meetup in Athens, Greece.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopBOOKS:MASTERING BITCOIN, 2nd Edition: https://amzn.to/2xcdsY…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 15: Outside the Golden Cage of BankingAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Outside the Golden Cage of Banking,” Andreas covers the history of financial regulation in the United States, and how banks became the cop of last resort in countries around the world.

In the last episode, he prompted you to think about combating the politics of fear.

Finally, he argues that Bitcoin will thrive outside the golden cage of the banking cartel.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are perform…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Andre Cronje, the developer of yearn.finance, talks about all things DeFi and the past, present, and future of yEarn.

In this episode, he discusses:what Yearn Finance is, and what led him to develop it and eventually open it to the publichis history and background, leading up to the development of Yearnthe processes and mechanisms involved in yEarn v1 and yEarn v2why he decided to do a “fair launch” of the YFI token, despite being in debt as a result of building Yearnwhy he felt that a Decrypt article about him in August was a “horrible hatchet job”why he disagrees with what he sees as the current anti-VC narrativehis thoughts on the phenomenal rise in YFI’s price and why the price of a YFI…

Olaf Carlson-Wee, the founder and CEO of Polychain Capital, goes deep into yield farming, fair launches and how decentralization will upend the traditional notion of the corporation.

In this episode, he talks about:when it makes sense for a team to introduce a liquidity mining scheme, and when it doesn’tthe difference between yield farming and ICOs when it comes to investinghis thoughts on YFI, as well as YAM, and the pace at which unaudited DeFi projects aremoving forwardthe three advantages he sees in automated market makers as opposed to centralizedexchangeshis thoughts on Uniswap and SushiSwap and why he’s not sure Uniswap will make a tokenhis thoughts on fair launches and whether he th…

Haseeb Qureshi, managing partner at Dragonfly Capital, and Dan Robinson, research partner at Paradigm, discuss the explosion in decentralized exchange activity on automated market makers from $1 billion earlier this year to more than $10 billion in August.

Why trading in automated market makers has 8xed in a few monthshow automated market makers work, and how specific dexes can specialize for the assets being traded on themwhy traders would prefer to trade on a dex vs. a centralized exchangehow incentivized pools have drawn traders and liquiditywhy trading on a dex seems can be more appealing than on a centralized exchangewhy trading on dexes now mirrors trading on Binance in 2017how “DeFi …

In order for an economy to work, money supply has to continue to increase.

You know, gold and silver have the highest stock-to-flows and they were the only moneys chosen on the market.

If bitcoin was the only money and the money supply was fixed then it would only appreciate compared to goods based on how much those goods supply increases, so when we have economic growth bitcoin appreciates slightly.

Well, not like we have a choice but you know, bitcoin just proceeds and fewer coins are out there.

Saifedean Ammous:I think really there are only…well, not only but the two most important metrics…now well, I’ll add a third, three.

So, bitcoin becomes much more of a fabric and so more survivable, but it’s not as good from a privacy kind of point of view.

I think bitcoin adds one other dimension, which was not something I was focusing on before.

So, you could call that kind of bitcoin 0.5 if you’d like, you know, the bitcoin zero without a proof-of-work.

So when you look at these different forces, where do you think bitcoin is headed next?

As somebody from a computer science background, that’s really a very interesting artifact from the world.

Finn Brunton is the author of “Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency.” In this episode, they tackle the history of digital currency.

Laura Shin:To really understand the history of digital currency we need to know who the people were who were interested in creating digital currency.

Well, maybe the answer is a Hashcash-like tool that can, like slow down, or moderate, or demand work for the production of digital money.

I really, really appreciate that you guys both came to discuss it.

To learn more about the history of digital currency check out the show notes for this episode.

Laura Shin:And then what either types of companies or transactions would not be covered by the Travel Rule?

So countries will, and already are, starting to put their own gold plating to those baseline rules, but looking just at your question around the Travel Rule, the Travel Rule is not unique to crypto.

Another challenge…and you know, there’s a lot of technical detail around it.

Okay, so where can people learn more about each of you and your companies and also about the Travel Rule?

So that’s TRISA, so Travel Rule Information Sharing Alliance, dot I-O, and you can find GitHub over there to get open source.

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, shares his thoughts on the five-year anniversary of Ethereum, challenges with ETH 2.0 and criticisms about DeFi.

Vitalik Buterin:Figuring out what’s actually valuable is such a tough thing, right.

That kind of push toward taking Eth as monetary property is more seriously…was definitely not an Ethereum foundation thing, right.

Vitalik Buterin:No, I definitely think price is important for security and is important for a lot of things.

Vitalik Buterin:Yeah, so I think there’s different ways to look at Central Bank digital currencies.

But Ethereum, you know, people didn’t really know much about it beyond, you know, it’s a platform for ICOs.

So Bloomberg gave me a few months of book leave and that was amazing, I’m really grateful to them.

And yeah, it kind of like made Ethereum feel I think kind of more war tested after that happened.

So, yeah, that’s my idea with The Defiant, to build it into a trustworthy content platform for decentralized finance.

So, I think…I don’t think that’s been achieved yet, but that would be like an interesting model to try out.

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we catch up with Vishwanath Raman, Privacy Architect at Oasis Labs where he works on privacy and confidentiality technologies for Direct to Consumer and Business to Business use cases.

His interest and experience span formal methods, applied machine learning, security, and privacy.

Using a combination of secure computing and privacy technologies, the Oasis Network enables data owners to take control of their data and treat their data as a digital asset via data tokenization.

They provide privacy as a service and use secure enclaves and differential privacy in order build a platform for a responsible data economy.

We dive into the way the Oasis system is ar…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s special episode, we flip the script and invite our friend Alexandra Heller to ask ZKPodcast co-hosts Anna & Fredrik some questions from the audience.. It’s a bit of a different format, so hope you will enjoy!

It uses blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography to deliver a web experience that is both personal and private.

With Aleo, developers can write private applications, without a background in blockchains or expertise in cryptography.

The release introduces a new programming language called Leo, a new community-driven package manager for Leo, and a new development environment or IDE called Aleo Studio.

We recently had Howard Wu, a co-founder of Aleo, on …

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna and Fredrik catch up with Jordi Baylina, co-founder of Iden3, the creator of Circom & SnarkJS.

Jordi has an amazing story, which we got to explore in this episode, so thanks again Jordi for being on the show!

The best way to get noticed for this role is to familiarise yourself with Substrate - the platform built by Parity to make building blockchains much much easier.

So go check out the substrate libraries and then head over to parity.io/jobs to find out moreThanks again Parity for sponsoring this episode!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we invite Howard Wu back to the show to share more about his new project Aleo - a fully private blockchain.

His previous ZKPodcast episode, Introduction to zkSNARKs, remains one of our most popular episodes to date!

The project promises to enable private applications with data privacy and functional privacy - where the nature of the program running and all activity remains private.

Least Authority is a security consulting company known for their dedication to privacy-respecting solutions and boundary-pushing technology.

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253…

About this EpisodeIn this episode we chat with Josh Cincinnati, the former executive director of Zcash Foundation.

We cover Josh's career before Zcash, his work at the foundation, the important role privacy plays in crypto and the challenges of decentralised governance.

We also discuss his decision to leave the foundation, Zcash Foundation's philosophy of transparency, his hopes for the future of the Zcash community, his next steps and why he thinks people in crypto may wanna take themselves a bit less serious and remember to have some fun!

Here are some additional links:As mentioned in the intro, the ZkValidator.com is now live on 3 networks: Cosmos, Kusama and, as of this month, Polkadot.…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, Anna and guest host Georgios chat with Hasu, an independent crypto researcher focused on economics and security, about elastic block size proposals in both Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Trail of Bits found a bug in yVault that would have allowed an attacker to drain most (if not all) of the pool's assets.

They quickly reported the bug to the yVault team and were able to secure the roughly $400K USD held in the system.

For example, If you integrate multiple tokens, any one token could compromise the security of your entire platform.

On the other hand, if you integrate multiple platforms, your protocol could suffer from complex interactions.

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we chat with Brian Gu, a student at MIT and creator of the Dark Forest game.

We chat about education, blockchain based games and what inspired his work on the Dark Forest game.

We then dig into how this game creates an incomplete information game space by using zkSNARKs to create a “cryptographic fog of war” and more!

As described on their blog, Dark Forest is an MMO space-conquest game where players discover and conquer planets in an infinite, procedurally-generated, cryptographically-specified universe.

They are currently looking for a technical writer to help the Least Authority team write security research and audit reports, open source technica…

About this Episode** Be sure to visit our ZKPodcast subreddit and leave us some questions for the upcoming AMA!

**In this week’s episode, Anna and guest-host / frequent guest Tarun Chitra catch up with Alex Evans, researcher at Placeholder Capital.

They dive into the latest in DeFi, a topic that we don't cover too often, but has become hard to ignore.

Specifically they discuss the emergence of liquidity farming, the difference between the zkresearch space and the DeFi space, some emerging concepts like AMM and Staking derivatives, and cover a recent report Tarun and Alex published together on the impact of staking derivatives on the security of PoS systems.

Here are a few of the articles an…

About this Episode** Check out the ZKPodcast subreddit and share some comments/questions for our upcoming AMA **This week, we catch up with Benedikt Bunz and Ben Fisch, PhD students at Stanford, once again.

In this episode, we dive deeper into Findora, a project that was co-founded by Ben (who is also the CTO) and where Benedikt works as the Head of Research.

We look at what the Findora project is, discuss the "selective disclosure" concept at the heart of their constructions, explore the balance between transparency and privacy and describe what problems Findora aims to solve.

For some background on our guests, check out these previous episode with Benedikt Bunz on Bulletproofs and Ben Fis…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we will be exploring StarkWare and DeversiFi’s collaboration - a Layer 2 STARK-powered exchange for Ethereum assets.

Guests Tom Brand, product manager at Starkware, and Will Harborne, co-founder of DeversiFi, discuss the project, how it works under the hood and give us a glimpse into what they have planned for the future.

Here is some of additional material:At the beginning of the episode, Anna and Will also discussed their joint project ZKValidator which works on Cosmos, Polkadot and Kusama.

If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch us on YoutubeGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our G…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna follows up on the trusted setup survey she did in her previous episode on the topic with this bonus interview with Roman Semanov & Roman Storm from Tornado Cash.

Tornado Cash's trusted setup, held in May 2020, was the largest to date with over 1000 participants.

Be sure to listen to the full ZKPodcast Trusted Setup episode firstFind out more about Tornado Cash's trusted setup hereThere are a number of zkPodcast related channels and groups to explore.

Want to connect with the ecosystem, learn more and work on zk research?

Here are the 2 roles:1) zkPodcast Support: Work with Anna & Fredrik on our zk-related projects (excluding the zkValidator) on…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Tarun Chitra chat with Yan X Zhang, professor at SJSU, about math competitions, math education, how crypto is like alchemy and the Gasper paper - work Yan and his students collaborated on with the Ethereum Foundation.

“Gasper” is a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain.

Here are the 2 roles:1) zkPodcast Support: Work with Anna & Fredrik on our zk-related projects (excluding the zkValidator) on a part-time basis.

This would primarily involve coordinating podcast guest, scheduling and coordinating studyclub sessions, help organise events like the zkSummit, writing blog p…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Georgios Konstantopoulos chat with Anatoly Yakovenko from Solana network.

They learn about this system and discuss the innovations that allow them to achieve high performance without sharding.

For more on Solana check out their website - https://solana.com/We also mention this episode on VDF's with Joseph Bonneau.

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B6b6ae8F29B1aBTC: 1cafekG…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Matt Luongo, CEO of Thesis, founder of Keep Network, and project lead of tBTC.

We cover the need for BTC to ETH bridges, what the challenges are in building bridges with BTC, tBTC and how it is setup, what went down with the initial tBTC release - an event the team now refers to as "release candidate 0", and where we might be seeing tBTC go next.

Here are some useful links:Want to help support the show?

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna explores the state of trusted setups with 4 of the people who have recently coordinated and run trusted setups for different SNARK systems.

This episode covers the new generation of trusted setups and how the teams working on these are learning from each other and at times, even sharing parts of the trusted set up itself.

As a primer, Trusted Setups are those events or ceremonies that one needs to perform to generate the parameters that can kick off SNARK based systems.

Here are some helpful links about all the various trusted setups we mention:Zcash's Trusted Setupshttps://www.zeroknowledge.fm/50 - Zooko speaks about the trusted set up at time…

Вадим Нестеренко — продакт-менеджер в компании Atomica.

Вадим рассказал нам, кто такой продакт-менеджер, каковы особенности его работы в блокчейн-стартапе и какие продукты лучшие на сегодняшнем крипторынке.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

и спонсоров: , , !

а также майнинг и proof-of-stakeСсылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

HodlHodl Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсуждаем перспективы биткоина в Африке, вопросы верификации и KYC, а также удивительную экономику трансграничных переводов при помощи подарочных карт.

18:30 поддержка альтернативных криптовалют21:50 почему Paxful фокусируется на Африке?

30:20 благотворительные проекты Paxful в Африке35:10 экономика подарочных карт: как африканские мигранты в США переводят деньги на родину?

1:15:00 микрокредиты на Paxful?

1:30:20 приходите работать в Paxful!

Алексей – соавтор DeFi-протоколов Neutrino и Gravity, являющихся альтернативой широко известному проекту MakerDAO, но в экосистеме Waves.

На экосистеме различие не заканчивается: во-первых, сама суть того, за счёт чего обеспечивается стабильность токена, в Neutrino несколько иная; во-вторых, есть много позитивных моментов в том, что протокол разрабатывается на Тьюринг-неполном языке RIDE.

Об этих различиях, а также о планах проекта мы поговорили в выпуске.

Сегодня вместе с Алексом Романовым, CTO Beam, мы выясняем, как Beam «вылечили» уязвимость протокола MimbleWimble к сетевым атакам и начали строить децентрализованную финансовую систему без ончейн-вычислений.

Заодно обсуждаем новинки в протоколе Beam: платежные каналы и атомарные свопы.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Зарегистрируйтесь и получите скидку на комиссию!

Проект сейчас развивается в русскоязычном комьюнити, у них есть группа в Telegram (@solanarus), в Вконтакте у них есть даже группа.

Всем, кому интересно, можете просто пройти ниже по ссылке, посмотреть про Wasabi или про Samourai, что это такое и как это работает.

Всё, это не ваши деньги, и там они, соответственно, уже могут и помешать, и сделать всё что угодно.

Мы, наверное, сейчас как следующей темой поговорим, что мы будем делать дальше, что у нас будет privacy pool.

С точки зрения Tornado на сегодняшний день мы не имеем какой-либо коммерческой заинтересованности, с точки зрения мы не ранаем релееров и мы не имеем никакого профита вообще с Tornado Cash.

Например, торговлю фьючерсами, то есть то, что сейчас называют DeFi, но ещё оно было централизованное.

То есть они тогда занимались больше маркетингом, то есть они вообще боялись что-то трогать.

То есть, есть люди, которые более успешно получают финансирование.

Поэтому у нас есть два уровня, то есть еще есть провайдеры, которые реально известны, которые отвечают за свои действия, то есть чистые Proof of Stake.

Мы есть в YouTube, мы есть в Twitter, подкаст есть на всех доступных подкаст-платформах, мы везде называемся «Базовый Блок» или Basicblockradio.

То есть, в принципе, надо обязательно контролить секрет обязательно во всех блокчейнах – и в Bitcoin, и в Ethereum, если мы рассматриваем своп биткоин-эфир.

То, что в первую очередь торгуется, то, что интересно пользователям другим, то есть такой у нас приоритет.

То есть там целый скрипт надо предъявить, то есть когда ты открываешь подпись.

Это немножко не то, это не свопы.

По поводу вопроса…Сергей Тихомиров: Что на что, какие валюты чаще всего меняют на какие?

Китайские майнеры давным-давно, в том числе, строят фермы и в Канаде, точно также они строят в Вашингтоне, в Штатах.

Я не знаю, Bitcoin Core разработчикам вообще интересен халвинг и его влияние, или все просто продолжается по-прежнему?

Можно было бы майнерам, которые захватили 51% на неделю, договориться что-то сделать, поменять… Ну, не на неделю, на день.

Вот у нас будет халвинг завтра, а следующий халвинг будет примерно еще через 4 года, скажем, в 2024 году.

Что думаешь, что изменится и что не изменится за 4 года?

И вот я начал с написания новостей и статей, потом разные другие штуки мы делали вместе, и вот сейчас делаем англоязычную версию.

И вот он был одним из пионеров и не бросил это, занимался этим достаточно долго и серьёзно, и это принесло плоды.

Константин Голубев: Я не знаю юридических всех моментов…Ник Штерингард: Я не уверен, вот я лично.

И какая разница, кто из нас поговорит, если у нас есть этот материал и мы можем его опубликовать и на русском, и на английском.

Я не знаю, я не прогнозирую ничего и не люблю прогнозировать.

Токен уже торгуется, проект поддерживает русскоязычное коммьюнити, отвечает на все вопросы на сайте, и в Телеграмме, и Вк Solanarus.

Проводится в MIT, MIT давно и активно участвует в биткоин-экосистеме и в блокчейн-экосистеме и, да, вот у нас, собственно, третий выпуск подряд, если с учетом бонуса.

Я это все собираю в скрипт, хэширую это в свою очередь и помещаю это на блокчейн.

Если я отправляю Ивану биткоины, факт того, что он их забирает, это одно и то же событие, что и я их отправляю.

И, насколько я понимаю, вот я на самом деле сейчас вот это объясняю и понимаю, что я не полностью убежден.

Разбираем еще три доклада с Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020: про конкуренцию между стейкингом и лендингом, про конец денег и гипербартер и про многоступенчатые атаки 51%.

Бонусный выпуск специально для патронов ББ:https://www.patreon.com/posts/36327490Поддержите подкаст и получите доступ к эксклюзивным материалам!

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Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

After frequent requests, this site is now reachable as a Tor hidden service through an onion address:http://6hasakffvppilxgehrswmffqurlcjjjhd76jgvaqmsg6ul25s7t3rzyd.onion/As well as adding another means of censorship resistance, a hidden service gives an alternative trust path that doesn’t rely on certificate authorities nor DNS infrastructure.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin is increasingly under threat from a growing body of patents collected by companies inside and outside of the Bitcoin industry.

Back in 2016, we established our defensive patent strategy in the form of our Patent Pledge.

Taking our defensive patent strategy one step further, today we’re joining forces with Square Crypto in the Cryptocurrency Open Patent Alliance (COPA), announced yesterday.

The Patent Pledge is legally binding, ensuring that the patents safely become free to use for all, even non-members.

Shared patent library: Members commit all of their cryptocurrency patents to a patent pool available for other members to also use defensively.

For anyone who wants to better understand Blockstream’s products, the Blockstream Help Center is now officially live!

The new Help Center is designed to resolve that, providing you with up-to-date, easy-to-digest user guides and explainers in one central location.

More Improvements On the WayIn addition to our ongoing work on expanding the Help Center, we’re also in the process of updating our technical documentation.

We also have some important updates to our user support systems on the way, which will improve the experience for anyone that is unable to resolve their issue through self-service on our Help Center.

Let Us Know What You NeedCheck out the new Help Center now.

Eight New Members Join the Liquid FederationThis week, the Liquid Network welcomed eight new members to the Liquid Federation: CoinShares, Condensat, INX, JST Capital, Paymium, Petrushev Capital, Sevenlabs, and Satoshis Games.

As the federation grows, the security of the Liquid Network also improves—decision making over the development of the network becomes more distributed.

Liquid Integration: Coinshares intends to use Liquid as transport rails for its digital asset trading between exchanges.

Liquid Integration: INX plans to integrate Liquid Securities as a key part of its security token trading services.

And if you’d like to become a member of the Liquid Federation, contact the feder…

Today we are proud to launch the Blockstream Scam Database, the latest tool in our ongoing effort to fight scammers who hijack the Blockstream brand.

Making Scams More DifficultWe launched the Blockstream Scam Database with the purpose of significantly increasing the difficulty of operating a Blockstream-related scam.

Blockstream cannot overstate the importance of verifying the authenticity of any websites, emails, or social media accounts, especially in the Bitcoin industry.

If you encounter an account that gives any indication of not truly being associated with Blockstream, simply visit the Blockstream Scam Database to verify.

After receiving your report, we’ll either add the informatio…

Running Your Own Electrum ServerBy default, the Electrum wallet app connects to a random set of Electrum servers.

So if you’re using an Electrum wallet, we generally recommend that you run your own Electrum server and connect your wallet to that instead.

Less well known is the fact that Esplora comes bundled with an optimized Electrum server based on a separately-maintained fork of Electrs.

This week, we introduced P2P discovery as an optional feature to Esplora too, which makes Esplora the only other alternative for running an Electrum server designed for public wallet connections.

While the advanced setup may put off some personal server users, Esplora makes a great option for those loo…

The Liquid Network is enabling brand-new, more efficient ways of handling trust in financial transactions.

There are few better examples of this than SETTLENET, a non-custodial digital asset settlement platform launched today in Japan.

At launch, SETTLENET will support trading between Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) and Crypto Garage’s newly-launched JPY token, SETTLENET JPY (JPYS).

More Assets on the WayAt a technical level, SETTLENET can support the instant settlement of any assets issued on the Liquid Network.

If you are interested in issuing an asset on the Liquid Network, check out our technical documentation or contact our business team for more information.

Today we’re revealing the launch of the Liquid Ventures Initiative, along with a report on our first Liquid Demo Day completed at the end of last week, with Condensat Technologies, Pixelmatic, SettleBit, and Satoshi’s Games all presenting.

Liquid Ventures InitiativeThe Liquid Ventures Initiative was started to help grow the Liquid Network’s grassroots ecosystem, connecting promising Liquid projects with Bitcoin-focused investors that are interested in getting involved in the industry’s leading sidechain.

There are currently 15 VC and angel investors involved in the Liquid Ventures Initiative, including Seven Seas VC, Blockchain Capital, Castle Island Ventures, DG Lab Fund, Electric …

With Blockstream Green Desktop, you can now create 2-of-3 multisig accounts, with an additional third key held offline for recovery.

Although the mobile app can’t yet be used to create a new 2-of-3 account, you can import your Blockstream Green desktop wallet on the mobile app so that any 2-of-3 accounts created on desktop will also appear on mobile, ready for use.

However, with the launch of Blockstream Green Desktop, it’s with a heavy heart that we will be retiring the classic GreenAddress desktop app over the coming weeks.

Any previously-created GreenAddress or Blockstream Green wallet can be restored to Blockstream Green Desktop using your 24-words mnemonic backup.

Get StartedYou ca…

Check out the Light Nite Explorer (based on Blockstream’s Esplora) to see their assets in action on the sidechain.

After receiving a Light Nite token outside of the game, a player can deposit the token in their Light Nite account to receive the associated skin for use with their character in-game.

A purchased copy of the Light Nite game is required to access the Light Nite store.

The Blockstream Store and Light Nite GiveawayAt Consensus: Distributed, we will be running a Liquid asset giveaway in collaboration with Light Nite, which will have both Blockstream Store vouchers and Light Nite tokens up for grabs.

1 Trezor Model T, 1 Ledger Nano S, 1 Blockstream Metal, 10 Blockstream hats, 15 B…

In addition to the Blockstream Satellite network update, we’re also announcing the much requested satellite kits will soon be available for pre-order at the Blockstream Store!

Satellite Kit Pre-OrdersTwo ready-to-go receiver kits and an optional antenna kit will be available soon for pre-order:Blockstream Satellite Basic Kit: A consumer-grade satellite receiver, ready to connect a Bitcoin node at home.

Existing Blockstream Satellite users should note that we will be disabling the 1.0 network on June 1st 2020.

Get Started with Blockstream Satellite 2.0New users should keep an eye on the Blockstream Store to be ready to place pre-orders for delivery in June.

), get a Lightning wallet ready …

by Alex BosworthWe’re excited to announce the release of the Lightning Loop Beta.

Loop Beta is the start of a roadmap to evolve the technology of Lightning bridging to take a permanent place in the Lightning ecosystem.

But in Beta, Lightning Loop will start to offer a new method of accessing the API that is based on the LSAT project for light-weight authenticated access of APIs.

In Beta, Lightning Loop will pre-check Loop In requests to help confirm that a swap can be completed before a transaction is sent-on chain.

This will help users save on chain fees and time-locked coins by proactively preventing liquidity errors.

We’re working to do our part to kick off the new decade right with the release of lnd v0.9-beta !

In lnd v0.9-beta , we’re making a significant step in this direction with the ability to receive “multi-path payments” (MPPs) (the non-spontaneous variant).

“Single-shot” MPP payments are essentially an updated, safer form of “normal,” unsplit Lightning payments.

RoutingAs discussed in the Routing Node Guide blog post series, we expect that over time, routing nodes will become more selective about the quality of nodes they connect to.

CompatibilityThere were a number of compatibility changes made in lnd v0.9-beta that will primarily be useful to developers of other Lightning imp…

In the rest of this post, we'll use "collusion" to refer to "undesired coordination" generally.

From the point of view of someone determining the rules for the voting mechanism, they don't know ahead of time whether the Orange Party is good or bad.

If a group makes a bad decision, those who approved the decision must suffer more than those who attempted to dissent.

Different coordination structures, different outcomesSometimes, more coordination is good: it's better when people can work together to collectively solve their problems.

Of course, it is very difficult to prevent communication outright, and it is very difficult to make coordination perfect.

If we want to make practical moves toward trust minimization, we want to have the ability to compare different degrees of trust.

First, my simple one-sentence definition of trust: trust is the use of any assumptions about the behavior of other people.

Not growing your own food is another kind of trust: trust that enough people will realize that it's in their interests to grow food so they can sell it to you.

You can trust different sizes of groups of people, and there are different kinds of trust.

DPOS): N/2 of small-N trust for liveness, N/2 of big-N trust for safety(assuming semi-decentralized operator, eg.

See also:One of the most powerful properties of a blockchain is the fact that every single part of the blockchain's execution can be independently validated.

First, it maximizes the chance that the node can correctly determine and say on the canonical chain - the chain that the community accepts as legitimate.

The goal of validation is then to move away from default to victory to (ideally) default to failure or (less ideally) default to chaos.

Typically, a single block in a blockchain only touches a small portion of the blockchain "state" (account balances, smart contract code....).

For a blockchain community that values immutability, implementing revert limits of this kind are arguably the…

Round 6 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $227,847 in contributions from 1,526 contributors and $175,000 in matched funds distributed across 695 projects.

Why should the quadratic funding mechanism significantly increase its complexity just to achieve a gain in stability that projects could simply provide for themselves?

The Ethereum community has long been struggling to find effective ways to determine what "the community" supports, especially in cases of controversy.

Since round 5, Gitcoin Grants has had three categories per round: tech, community (called "media" before), and some "guest" category that appears only during that specific round.

ConclusionThe best news is the unmenti…

The holder of the private key \(k\) provides, as part of the public key, a "relinearization key", which you can think of as "noisy" encryptions of \(k \otimes k\) under \(k\).

Notice that the decryption equation \(\) is just a big sum of terms of the form \((ct_{1_i} * ct_{2_j}) * k_p * k_q\).

Another technique: matricesAnother technique (see Gentry, Sahai, Waters (2013)) for fully homomorphic encryption involves matrices: instead of representing a ciphertext as \(ct\) where \( = 2e + m\), a ciphertext is a matrix, where \(k * CT = k * m + e\) (\(k\), the key, is still a vector).

The fact that addition works is easy: if \(k * CT_1 = m_1 * k + e_1\) and \(k * CT_2 = m_2 * k + e_2\), then \(k…

On the media side, we do see some balance between stability and dynamism:Week in Ethereum had the highest total amount received in both the previous round and the current round.

EthHub and Bankless are also near the top in both the current round and the previous round.

An individual has two choices: contribute $10 in the current round, or contribute $5 in the current round and $5 in the next round.

a $200 match now, but the latter would give you $141 in the current round + $141 in the next round = $282.

Responses to negative contributionsThis round also introduced negative contributions, a feature proposed in my review of the previous round.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing f , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Here's the circuit with labels again:At the start, Bob knows the labels 6816, 3621, 4872, 5851Bob evaluates the first gate.

However, in general garbled circuits can be used for computations that are not reversible, and so don't break privacy in this way (eg.

The labels themselves are random and so reveal nothing about the inputs, but anyone can then execute the published garbled c…

There are two main objections that I heard, and both lead to interesting criticisms of quadratic funding in its current implementation.

Traditionally, public goods of the type that Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding is trying to support were selected and funded by governments.

or quadratic funding.

But there is nothing in the rules of quadratic funding that privileges Ethereum projects and prevents, say, Ethereum Classic projects from seeking funding using the same platform!

One is to modify the quadratic funding mechanism to support negative votes in addition to positive votes.

a one-time set of serious breaking changes to prevent the base protocol's cryptography from falling to quantum computers would be okay).

Once a layer 1 protocol has achieved a certain level of functionality, which I will term "functionality escape velocity", then yes, you can do everything else on top without further changing the base.

This post will talk about some of what this minimal functionality that constitutes "functionality escape velocity" is.

The problem is this: there needs to be some way to move coins from a "normal" state to an "awaiting withdrawal" state.

The block time of the base layer sets the latency for anything whose confirmation depends things being included in the base…

The other 37 squares should be covered up by checkers or Go pieces or anything else to denote that they are inaccessible.

The rules are the same as chess, with a few exceptions:White pawns move up, black pawns move left.

White pawns take going left-and-up or right-and-up, black pawns take going left-and-down or left-and-up.

To break ties between equal maximum-length sequences, count the number of distinct length-three sequences they have; the hand with more distinct length-three sequences wins.

This hand has four length-three sequences: K 2 4, K 4 8, 2 3 4, 3 8 K. This is rare.

● Inventory out-of-memory Denial-of-Service attack (InvDoS): Braydon Fuller and Javed Khan posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list an attack (website, paper, CVE-2018-17145) they’d previously disclosed to the maintainers of various Bitcoin and Bitcoin-derived full nodes.

The attack consisted of inv (inventory) messages Bitcoin nodes use to notify their peers of the hash of new transactions (or other data).

In the attack, an attacker would flood the victim with an excessive number of inv messages, each containing nearly the maximum allowed number of transaction hashes.

As a bug that could only crash nodes, it could not be used to directly steal from affected nodes.

However, it could be used t…

● Continued coinswap discussion: in discussion continued from two weeks ago on the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list (see Newsletter #112), several contributors developed and analyzed potential attacks against a proposed routed coinswap protocol.

If the counterparty, or a watchtower agent of theirs, is monitoring the block chain, this will fail—but the attempt will cost the attacker nothing.

The most promising solution was to require anyone spending a coinswap UTXO to spend part of the value of one of their other UTXOs to transaction fees.

This collateral payment would eliminate the costless aspect of the previously described attacks.

Fully addressing the attacks might also require some other change…

Each of these transactions includes the same two outputs with the same two amounts—one paying Alice and one paying Bob—but with slightly different scripts.

Similarly, if Bob unilaterally closes the channel, Alice gets a chance to spend his funds using a revocation key he created.

What Fournier proposed this week was only creating a single commitment transaction that would be shared between Alice and Bob.

When creating the transaction, Alice creates two private keys she’ll need to spend her output and gives Bob the corresponding public keys.

The other private key Alice created is the revocation private key, which she’ll give to Bob if she wants to revoke this channel state in favor of a late…

This week’s newsletter links to a discussion about routed coinswaps and includes our regular sections with summaries of questions and answers from the Bitcoin StackExchange, releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Selected Q&A from Bitcoin StackExchangeBitcoin StackExchange is one of the first places Optech contributors look for answers to their questions—or when we have a few spare moments to help curious or confused users.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Please consider upgrading to new releases or helping to test release candidates.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable chang…

● Proposed uniform tiebreaker in schnorr signatures: the elliptic curve cryptography used in Bitcoin requires identifying points on Elliptic Curves (ECs).

This can be done unambiguously using a 32-byte X coordinate and a 32-byte Y coordinate.

However, if you know a point’s X coordinate, then you can calculate the two possible locations for its Y coordinate.

The BIP340 specification of schnorr signatures for Bitcoin currently uses a tiebreaker method to minimize the amount of data needed to identify EC points in public keys and signatures.

This was recently changed so that public keys used a different algorithm based on the evenness of the coordinates, which was believed to be easier to impl…

He also asked several questions about minimizing the number of network round trips needed to create eltoo state updates.

Our modelling for transaction batching is based on David A. Harding’s formula for detecting whether a transaction spends coins it received in the same block.

Over 21 thousand BTC could have been saved by Bitcoin users if they would have all been using transaction batching, a savings of 10% or almost $200 million USD.

Bitcoin Core PR Review ClubIn this monthly section, we summarize a recent Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting, highlighting some of the important questions and answers.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightni…

Fee optimization is possible through diverse techniques varying from segregated witness, transaction batching, RBF (Replace By Fee) and fee estimation.

We wanted to determine the transaction fees that could be saved, how that has changed over time and how it impacts block space and block weight.

After batching all potentially batchable transactions, we combine the size of the hypothetical block and compare it to the real block size.

This represents a percentage of around 27.36% over the grand total of transaction fees paid.

Read our full report here to understand the progression of fee savings over time.

● New spending policy language: Nadav Ivgi announced a new language he’s developed named Minsc which makes it easier for developers to specify a set of conditions that must be fulfilled in order for a UTXO to be spent.

The new language is based on the miniscript policy language but adds the ability to use variables and functions along with several other features.

Minsc policies can be compiled to miniscript policies, which can be themselves be compiled into miniscript and used to produce regular Bitcoin Script.

It includes both a plethora of examples and a live compiler that allows linking to its input so that developers can easily play with the language and share their Minsc policies with …

Field report: Using Descriptors and PSBT at RiverRiver Financial​ is a challenger financial institution specializing in Bitcoin financial services.

River Financial’s flagship product, a Bitcoin brokerage, provides retail investors with a high-touch platform to buy and sell Bitcoin.

River Financial leverages two technologies in its wallet software: Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) and Output Script Descriptors.

In River’s wallet software, the descriptor language is leveraged in several places from wallet creation to address generation.

This has two immediate benefits:The wallet software is able to watch cold wallets using descriptors and subsequently derive new addresses.

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Eric and I will also be discussing more about this on the weekly recap podcast (which is delayed by 24 hours - sorry everyone)!

- AnthonyNews of the WeekChef Nomi, the pseudonymous founder of decentralized exchange protocol SushiSwap, said Friday that they returned some 38,000 ETH — worth some $14 million at press time — to the project's treasury fund.

That move ultimately kicked off a process that saw control of SushiSwap shifted to the chief executive of FTX.

Up until 20 October 2020, the Ethereum Foundation is sponsoring a Medalla data analysis and data visualization blog post challenge.

This is a new initiative designed to incentivize native integration of the Synthetix protocol across …

If you’d like to listen to Eric and I discuss our views on this, be sure to listen in to the weekly recap podcast.

Explore dapps, manage your digital assets, and more with MetaMask’s new mobile Ethereum wallet.

With the launch of uUSDrBTC-OCT on UMA protocol it is now possible to leverage Bitcoin permissionlessly on the Ethereum network.

This post from the Yam Finance team summarized all of the changes that will be included with Yam v3 (as voted on by YAM token holders).

Lots of updates from the Maker team in this piece including a blog roundup, governance updates, community highlights and more.

Another interesting week in Ethereum land with the highlight of the week being the battle between Uniswap and SushiSwap.

Fair Launch Capital is a community resource providing free access to capital for new Fair Launch networks and projects.

They are not a VC fund, rather, they provide fair launch capital.

ETH Gas Watch is an aggregated gas price feed, with email alerts for when the gas price drops below a user-defined level.

Perpetual Protocol said the round was led by Multicoin Capital, with participation from Three Arrows Capital, CMS Holding, and Alameda Research.

🙌 Medalla Testnet is Saved!

The SEC announced the move, which came after the U.S. Senate confirmed Peirce alongside commissioner Caroline Crenshaw, on August 6.

Project UpdatesIn this weeks edition, Ben gives a great recap on what happened with the Medalla testnet over the last few days as well as the usual updates and explainers.

He also put out another piece earlier in the week about the Medalla testnet incident that’s worth reading.

An update on last weeks update from the Nimbus team covering the status of their validator client.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] 2020’s Must-Attend DeFi Event: The Smart Contract Summit Powered by Chainlink!

Get informed about AMMs, liquidity crunches, DAOs & DeFi (and whatever else gets invented by August 28th 🤷).

Be there for updates on the DeFi landscape, tech, challenges, and innovations across the space.

Eric and I will be discussing more about this in the weekly recap podcast - don’t forget to subscribe here so that you don’t miss it!

Medalla testnet recap, updates on key-management, updates on the work on stability improvements and more in this weeks update.

In this newsletter, you’ll find weekly trends on the latest yield farming opportunities along with an overview on the top stories in DeFi.

Industry news outlet Coindesk reported on Monday that PayPal plans to introduce crypto trading through Paxos’ new brokerage service.

The report follows the July 15 announcement of Paxos’ launch of a crypto brokerage that enables other firms to integrate crypto trading functionalities.

According to Coindesk, PayPal will use this new service to deliver its crypto trading features.

Set V2 is a major upgrade coming to Set Protocol that will include new features such as multi-asset support, yield farming support, gas cost savings and more.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[Sponsored] mStable is an Ethereum DeFi project that unites stablecoins, lending and swapping into one standard.

They’re currently hiring for positions in Ethereum development, token engineering, governance and dApp development.

🥳 Happy 5th Birthday EthereumLast week Ethereum celebrated its 5th birthday aka the 5th anniversary of the its genesis block - and what a 5 years it has been!

Justin Drake from the Ethereum Foundation announced this week that they are building an internal security team dedicated to eth2!

I joined a Kraken webinar last week to talk Ethereum and DeFi alongside Ryan Sean Adams, Andrew Keys and William Mou…

Now, large, regulated financial companies that already provide similar safekeeping services for stock certificates and the like could enter the fray.

Brooklyn Nets guard Spencer Dinwiddie fought the NBA for months over his plan to tokenize his $34 million contract.

Now, with the NBA’s concerns apparently addressed and the sale closed out, Dinwiddie’s plan hit a different obstacle: investor interest.

With shares priced at $150,000, just $1,350,000 (or one-tenth of the target $13.5 million sale) was sold.

Updates on phase 0, testnets, the usual great explainers, links to new media and more in Ben’s weekly eth2 newsletter.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[SPONSORED] Kyber Network is a fully on-chain liquidity protocol that aggregates liquidity from diverse sources, enabling decentralized token swaps to be integrated into any application.

Kyber Network aims to be the transaction layer for the decentralized economy, powering liquidity for decentralized finance (DeFi) applications.

Kyber supports over 80 different tokens, and powers over 100 integrated projects including popular wallets as well as DeFi platforms.

mStable launched their protocol token (MTA) over the weekend on the Mesa platform (built by Gnosis).

dHedge offers non-custodial mimetic trading for synthetic assets, us…

This, of course, made a lot of people upset because they were under the impression that eth2 would launch in 2020.

A few minutes later, Vitalik followed up with a comment saying that eth2 is still on track for a 2020 launch.

In a first of its kind, an Ethereum address holding 100,000 USDC stablecoin has been blacklisted.

Project UpdatesThe usual round of updates from Ben including updates on phase 0, new eth2 explainers, research updates and more.

Wesley van Heije has put together “The hitchhiker’s guide to Ethereum development” which provides a starting point for developers who’re keen to learn more about blockchain and development on top of Ethereum.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🤓 EthHub Educational SeriesEducation is at the core of what we do at EthHub across our docs, newsletter and podcast.

So to that end, we launched a new initiative this week called the EthHub Educational Series.

The EF announced this week that they’re sponsoring 3 prizes at ETHGlobal’s HackFS conference for developers that build eth2+libp2p related projects.

The xToken team are creating smart contracts that wrap complicated staking and liquidity strategies into single set-and-forget ERC20 tokens.

1559 Fee market change, Altona Eth2 multiclient testnet, performance and diversity goals for Ethereum, and more in this update.

Reflexer Labs is building RAI, a dampened version of ETH that is meant to be used as collateral in other DeFi protocols.

If you want to know why everyone’s so excited about this EIP, I suggest giving this piece a read.

These funds will go a long way to making sure this EIP gets the love it deserves so that it can be safely included in the Ethereum protocol.

I also caught up with Alex Saunders from Nuggets News again last week to discuss the previous months worth of Ethereum news.

DeFi Dude is an active Ethereum community member who is currently working with Kyber Network on community-related initiatives.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)👨‍🌾 Farming All the YieldWell, that was an absolutely crazy week in Ethereum, wasn’t it?

If you’d like to support EthHub, you can do so here (or fund the Ethereum “state media” here).

Lastly, a Chinese version of EthHub is now available - a big thanks to ECN for making this possible!

With this pool, speculators can farm SNX, REN, CRV and BAL tokens using their tokenized BTC on Ethereum.

Updates on the core spec and implementation, security audits, testnets and more from the Nimbus team this week.

For a full breakdown of the eth2 testnet action over the last few weeks, you can read the piece I wrote here.

Have a great week everyone!

All your regular eth2 updates packed into Ben’s weekly newsletter as per usual - this one has a great section on the current testnet status.

Community Member SpotlightThis week we’re highlighting the great work of Philippe Castonguay!

Keep up the great work Philippe!

A Vampire Sushi ChefIn late August, a pseudonymous developer going by "Chef Nomi" announced "SushiSwap," a clone of Uniswap with "Sushi Tokenomics."

Before SushiSwap was even launched as an exchange, it was possible to earn Sushi tokens by providing liquidity to Uniswap.

Pump and Dump and PumpThe SushiSwap system directed 10% of all tokens to a wallet controlled by the pseudonymous "Chef Nomi."

The Sushi token price has recovered some of its losses.

Will users and liquidity migrate back to Uniswap once the rush to farm Sushi tokens dies down?

Understanding Open SourceThe term "Open Source Software" doesn't just mean the source code is available to view.

Instead, the term refers to projects that make their source code available with broad permission to modify and share that source code without restriction.

There are two broad classifications of licenses widely accepted in the open source world.The first family of open source licenses is so-called "copyleft" licenses, sometimes referred to as "viral" licenses.

Open source development is frequently thankless work, and while some exceptions certainly exist, there generally aren't great business models available for purely open source projects.

Brave's Browser WalletAs a general expl…

On Tuesday, August 4th, the Medalla ETH 2.0 testnet was launched. If all goes well, this will be the final testnet before the launch of the “Phase 0” mainnet.

The team behind Augur has launched the next version of their decentralized betting market protocol.

Let's review the basic premise of Augur before discussing these improvements, and what we might expect to see from Augur v2 in the coming months.

It quickly rocketed up to over $1 million at stake in its betting markets, but later slowed.

It offers a service to users— namely, betting markets— that one would assume there would be interest in.

Is it possible not that many people care to participate in betting markets?

Decentralized Finance, or DeFi, has long been the dominant narrative in the Ethereum ecosystem. Over the last couple of months, it's become the leading trend in all of the crypto world. This is not that surprising. The most interesting experiments in crypto have been happening in DeFi for quite some time.

Kanye West, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett were among dozens of accounts that tweeted the scam.

The first is obvious: a Bitcoin giveaway scam was used to monetize this attack.

This changed when the same scam tweets began to be shared from the personal accounts of high profile people, starting with Elon Musk.

Link As the afternoon wore on, many more high profile accounts began tweeting the scam, and it became apparent the hacker had hit more than a third-party tool.

Several hours later, presumably after Twitter addressed the issue, the accounts of these high profile users became accessible again to the user.

Left out of that discussion, though, was the grandaddy of layer 2 scaling techniques: state channels.

In this edition of the newsletter, we'll learn the basics of how state channels work, and why they're complex to implement.

We'll close by looking at why state channels haven't seen much adoption to date, but why that could be poised to change.

How State Channels WorkThe core premise of state channels is surprisingly simple to understand.

Link The most common examples for envisioning the kinds of apps which are possible with such state channels tend to be games.

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

Like Minecraft, Cryptovoxels lets you explore and build without any strict goal or directive.Where Cryptovoxels differs from a game like Minecraft is in its integration of— you guessed it— crypto!

While anyone can explore the Cryptovoxel world freely, to build in the world you have to own property.

LinkA Social Network and Real AdoptionCreative expression is the obvious appeal of a game like Cryptovoxels.

Keep an eye on expansive world building games backed by crypto ownership.

I sent the first issue of Build Blockchain out to fifty subscribers on June 3rd, 2018. Two years and thousands of subscribers later, I get to send the 100th issue, and you're reading it now!

On a layer one blockchain, all computation is executed on the main chain, and all data is stored there as well.

To achieve greater scalability, Plasma moves both computation and data storage off of the main blockchain and into a second layer chain.

Link Validium returns to the idea of keeping layer 2 data off-chain, unlocking much greater scalability gains than the rollup constructions can offer.

Unlike Plasma, though, Validium doesn't rely on fraud proofs for validating computation, instead adopting zero knowledge proofs.

Compared to a centralized exchange a Validium layer 2 is still far more secure and trust minimized.

On June 2nd, 2020, a livestream was held to mark the end of the month-long HackMoney virtual hackathon.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, I'll give you a recap of the event from my perspective as a participant.

Finally, I'll reflect on what the hackathon demonstrates about the Ethereum ecosystem.

What was great about HackMoney is that the organizers didn't simply recreate an in-person hackathon on a Zoom call.

UmbraFor HackMoney, Matt Solomon and I teamed up to create Umbra, a protocol for privacy preserving stealth payments on the Ethereum blockchain.

The term antifragile was coined by Nassim Taleb, an author whose books have done much to shape my view of the world.

Money PrintingI wrote extensively about about central bank money printing in issue 90 of this newsletter, so I won't dwell on here.

While the standard narrative amongst most crypto folks is that money printing by the Fed will lead to massive inflation of the US Dollar, I'm not convinced that's a given.

Sure, the government is printing money, but the credit market has contracted and demand for dollars globally has skyrocketed.

If nations in the developing world try to print their way out of economic trouble, there may be inflation of those local currencies.

As news broke that these early coins had moved, Bitcoin's price dropped sharply.

Lerner named this the "Patoshi" pattern, and the block where the recently moved coins were mined did not adhere to it.

Maybe, maybe not, but the truth is, if people find Bitcoin's distribution unfair, they'll be less likely to adopt it.

More precisely, the existence of these 1.1 million BTC, and the risk that they'll be recovered someday, probably depresses Bitcoin's price even today.

While I do see Satoshi's coins as a liability, any attempts to "fix" this problem would probably prove more perilous than the coins' continued existence.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, we'll explore these two token projects, how they work, and what they might mean for Ethereum and all of crypto.

Users can buy and sell the tokens freely, and it's even possible to own fractional amounts.

To receive the physical tape, users must "pay" with exactly one token.

Community Points are subreddit specific ERC20 tokens that are issued to users based on their contributions.

RAC's $TAPE token is "just a stunt."

Sometime in the next couple of days, the 630,000th Bitcoin block will be mined. In that block, and in all subsequent blocks, the miner creating it will receive 6.25 newly minted BTC, which is half of what miners have been receiving for the last four years.

Issue #74Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Ebb-and-Flow Protocols: A Resolution of the Availability-Finality Dilemma.

Paper Title: Formalizing Bitcoin Crashes with Universally Composable Security.

Paper Title: NC-Max: Breaking the Throughput Limit of Nakamoto Consensus.

Paper Title: The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European Banks.

Paper Title: Token-Based Platform Finance.

The main crypto-assets to be analysed against both laws and regulations include: exchange tokens (payment tokens), security tokens (asset tokens), utility tokens, fund tokens, commodity tokens, title tokens, and hybrid tokens.

Paper Title: Mimblewimble Non-Interactive Transaction Scheme.

Paper Title: Lunar: a Toolbox for More Efficient Universal and Updatable zkSNARKs and Commit-and-Prove Extensions.

Paper Title: Incentives in Blockchain Design and Applications.

Paper Title: Fintech and International Financial Regulation.

TLDR: MuSig is a multi-signature scheme for Schnorr signatures, which supports key aggregation and is secure in the plain public key model.

Paper Title: Moderated Redactable Blockchains: A Definitional Framework with an Efficient Construct.

Paper Title: Share Withholding Attack in Blockchain Mining: Technical Report.

Summary: A new family of Decentralised Randomness Beacon (DRB) protocols that are simple, secure and scalable.

Paper Title: The Too-Big-To-Fail Problem and the Blockchain Solution.

Issue #71Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Decentralized Custody Scheme with Game-Theoretic Security.

TLDR: Decentralized custody finds applications in many scenarios related to blockchain and digital finance.

A motivating example is the cross-chain asset mapping service which maps cryptoassets on one blockchain to tokens on another blockchain for inter-chain operability.

Paper Title: Regulating Blockchain?

Paper Title: Finite Blockchain Games.

Specifically, they consider machines M that run in parallel time T when using p processors.

Paper Title: Discouraging Pool Block Withholding Attacks in Bitcoins.

Paper Title: Aardvark: A Concurrent Authenticated Dictionary with Short Proofs.

Paper Title: SNARGs for Bounded Depth Computations and PPAD Hardness from Sub-Exponential LWE.

Paper Title: SklCoin: Toward a Scalable Proof-of-Stake and Collective Signature Based Consensus Protocol for Strong Consistency in Blockchain.

The protocols work without the use of signatures and in the purely asynchronous model without the need to make any timing assumptions.

Paper Title: Security Analysis on Tangle-based Blockchain through Simulation.

Paper Title: Security checklists for Ethereum smart contract development: patterns and best practices.

Paper Title: Blockchain, Bitcoin and Stigmergy: An Explanation and a New Perspective for Regulation.

Paper Title: On the (Un)Feasibility of Fedcoin: Implementing a Central Bank Backed Digital Currency in the United States.

Paper Title: CanDID: Can-Do Decentralized Identity with Legacy Compatibility, Sybil-Resistance, and Accountability.

Paper Title: Implications of Dissemination Strategies on the Security of Distributed Ledgers.

Paper Title: Proof of Learning (PoLe): Empowering Machine Learning with Consensus Building on Blockchains.

Paper Title: On the (Un)Feasibility of Fedcoin: Implementing a Central Bank Backed Digital Currency in the United States.

Paper Title: The Light Touch of Caveat Emptor in Crypto’s Wild West.

To date, there is no commonly accepted decentralized pro- tocol that enables cross-chain transactions.

Paper Title: Data Confidentiality In P2P Communication And Smart Contracts Of Blockchain In Industry 4.0.

Summary: An audit trail can be managed by the blockchain without having send the data through the blockchain.

Paper Title: Blockchain Is Dead, Long Live Blockchain!

Paper Title: Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: a Classification and Comparison of Architecture Drivers.

TLDR: For blockchain systems, a typical source of software updates is the enhancements at the consensus protocol level.

), changes to the validation rules at any level (transaction, block, or blockchain), or even changes at the consensus protocol itself.

Authors: Xiaoqi Li*, Ting Chen†, Xiapu Luo*, Tao Zhang‡, Le Yu*, Zhou Xu*§,Affiliations: * The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, † University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ‡ Macau University of Science and Technology, and § Chongqing University.

Paper Title: Blockchain Is Dead, Long Live Blockchain!

Paper Title: Green-PoW: An Energy-Efficient Blockchain Proof-of-Work Consensus Algorithm.

Authors: Giuseppe Ateniese*, Long Chen†‡, Mohammad Etemad*, and Qiang Tang†‡,Affiliations: * Stevens Institute of Technology, † New Jersey Institute of Technology, and ‡ JDD-NJIT-ISCAS Joint Blockchain Lab.

Paper Title: Efficient Final Exponentiation via Cyclotomic Structure for Pairings over Families of Elliptic Curves.

Summary: An extensible and easy-to-use execution framework that simplifies the execution of analysis tools on smart contracts written in Solidity.

Paper Title: Blockchain Use Cases for Inclusive FinTech: Scalability, Privacy, and Trust Distribution.

Summary: Mass adoption of blockchain technology will accelerate in financial industry and supply chain with private permission…

Issue #64Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Encrypted Blockchain Databases.

TLDR: Blockchain databases are a crucial technology for the development of non-trivial smart contracts, distributed applications and marketplaces.

This work considers the problem of end-to-end encrypted blockchain databases.

The proposed blockchain EMM constructions can work on any blockchain.

Paper Title: Blockchain Collaboration with Competing Firms in a Shared Supply Chain: Benefits and Challenges.

Issue #63Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Virtual ASICs: Generalized Proof-of-Stake Mining in Cryptocurrencies.

Virtual ASICs are tokenized representations of mining power that mimic many of the properties of their physical counterparts but do not waste any physical resources.

Next, this work shows how to bootstrap our ASIC blockchain system by constructing a mechanism for acquiring ASICs on the blockchain.

Paper Title: Generically Speeding-Up Repeated Squaring is Equivalent to Factoring: Sharp Thresholds for All Generic-Ring Delay Functions.

Paper Title: An Economic Model of Blockchain: The Interplay between Transaction Fees and Security.

Issue #62Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Bulletproofs+: Shorter Proofs for Privacy-Enhanced Distributed Ledger.

This work presents an improved variety of Bulletproofs, that has shorter proof size than Bulletproofs.

It achieves the shortest proof size in the category of NIZK without trusted setup.

Paper Title: Minerva: The curse of ECDSA nonces Systematic analysis of lattice attacks on noisy leakage of bit-length of ECDSA nonces.

Paper Title: The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy.

Paper Title: Flood & Loot: A Systemic Attack On The Lightning Network.

Paper Title: REA, Triple-Entry Accounting and Blockchain: Converging Paths to Shared Ledger Systems.

Paper Title: Can Antitrust Trust Blockchain?

Paper Title: Digital Asset Market Evolution.

Paper Title: After Libra, Digital Yuan and COVID-19: Central Bank Digital Currencies and the New World of Money and Payment Systems.

If you have doubts about which brand of lubricating oil to choose, see below the list with the main brands available in the country!

To assist you in this decision, check out the eight best brands according to consumer research!

1 ° LubraxThe best-selling motor oil brand in the country, the Lubrax Lubricants line offers high-tech products for cars, motorcycles, SUVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, vans and agricultural vehicles.

2nd CastrolWith over 100 years of history, Castrol is a world leader in the production of lubricating oils.

Now that you know the best brands of engine oil, you can now choose the best product for your car more safely.

A glimpse into the SNX OTC market.

Over-the-counter markets tend to be opaque and marked by information that can be difficult or costly to obtain.

This makes OTC markets a really interesting topic in the context of DeFi and Ethereum, where market participants transact on a publicly verified ledger.

The OTC market for SNX is an important place for larger players to get bids filled without incurring much slippage.

Just 3.8% of all SNX are available on Binance, Uniswap, Kucoin, and Poloniex.

Liquidity mining remains a large factor in allocation of DAI across different trading venues and platforms.

The chart below shows DAI balance in stablecoin nominated AMMs (Curve & Swerve), balance in ETH/DAI pools (Uniswap & Sushiswap), balance in Balancer DAI/SAFE 98/2 pool, and lastly log DAI price from Coinbase USD pair.

As visible, the DAI price premium decreases as the allocation of DAI in stablecoin AMMs increases.

Increased supply of DAI in ETH/DAI pools does decrease the price, but is limited in effect due to additional trading fees, network fees and volatility of ether.

Observe how the first red bar visibly lowers liquidity in WETH & stablecoin nominated AMMs, which causes the abov…

This is issue #38 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches 5000 crypto investors every week 📈Our Network ✘ RabbitHole 🕳️As fundamentals grow increasingly important in crypto investing, it’s becoming paramount for projects to have data-driven community members capable of evaluating network health.

Readers will receive rewards in the form of tokens for completing tasks on the Our Network ✘ RabbitHole portal.

There are now 100k wallets labeled as long-term investors and a total of 150k wallets with a balance of greater than 10 LINK.

Figures 3 and 4 show the fees across the two weeks, relative to the bottom 5th percentile fee in a block.

In both scenarios the ratio between the 100th pe…

This is issue #37 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 5000 crypto investors every week 📈This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Instadapp, Opyn, and Nexus Mutual.

yinsure.finance also launched as the first third-party distributor for Nexus cover.

There is currently $1.3mm of collateral backing WETH, CRV, YFI put options, ETH call options, and options on DAI and USDC deposits in Compound (cDAI, cUSDC) and USDC deposits in Aave (aUSDC).

(Source)Finally, since the launch of the COMP tokens, around 17.5k COMP tokens have been farmed and claimed on the DSA platform by the users.

However, there are even more COMP tokens accrued but not yet claimed.

This is issue #36 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 4000 crypto investors every week 📈This week our contributors cover Emerging Networks: Foundation, Meme Protocol, Nervos CKB, and Handshake.

Fashion: Neue Goods released a crypto-inspired streetwear line, which has accumulated over $22k in trading volume.

And GlitchTextiles released a woven blanket with a design generated by Foundation's bytecode — accumulating over $5k in trading volume.

Block Time & Uncle Rate: Nervos improves on Nakamoto Consensus to maximize throughput of a PoW chain.

The amount of CKB locked in Nervos Dao and the locked to circulation ratio have seen continuous growth.

Introducing ‘THL’ (Total HNS Locked): Covenants aren’t new, but understanding their economic implications for traders and speculators are.

Since covenants are encumbered UTXOs that exist as on-chain “smart contracts”(bitcoin script), any value that doesn’t leave them is taken from the circulating supply as they cannot currently be spent (similar to staked assets in a smart contract).

For Handshake, THL is the total number of HNS locked in Bid/Reveal/Register covenants at any given time, and can fluctuate as on-chain auction activity adjusts block-over-block, with over 26,760,000 HNS locked presently out of circulation - and important metric to watch as the chain grows in adoption.

This is issue #35 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 4000 crypto investors every week 📈DeFi Fundamental IndicatorsIn case you missed it, earlier this week I published a thread on some of my favorite DeFi fundamental indicators:This week our contributors cover DEX projects: Curve, Uniswap, Kyber, and 0x.

① UniswapContributor: Teo Leibowitz, Strategy Lead at UniswapAutomated liquidity protocol, Uniswap, supported $1.5bn volume the week of August 10, up 88% week-on-week and 9,853% year-to-date.

Uniswap single-handedly commands 57% decentralized trading volume market share.

Uniswap (v2) continues to attract tens of thousands of new traders on a weekly basis despite record …

Although gas prices have risen to record high levels on the Ethereum network, this hasn’t slowed Kyber’s growth as July saw it post another month of all time high new addresses (proxy for new users), unique addresses, and volumes.

Its $275M monthly volume in July is equivalent to the cumulative volume over its first 18 months of mainnet deployment while August is on track to exceed July’s volume.

June to July also saw the largest jump in new users as the DeFi narrative keeps expanding and bringing in new people to the space.

Daily Transaction Volumes: In August 2019, Decred released a privacy CoinJoin implementation using the CoinShuffle++ protocol which integrated mixing with its Proof-of-Stake ticket system.

Users may opt to mix their funds prior to purchasing a ticket, or just participate in the mix taking advantage of consistent liquidity.

After 1 year of operation, the CoinShuffle++ mixer anonymizes an average of 100k DCR per day (red).

Compared to the 200k DCR on average spent purchasing tickets (green), this represents a significant relative volume onchain.

The mixer is currently accessed via command line only at this stage with the GUI set for released in the main Decrediton wallet in Q3 which is expect…

Smart Contracts: Overall activity on Tezos Mainnet is steadily growing and gas usage has reached its all-time high recently.

Most of the gas growth can be attributed to regular spend transactions and higher delegation activity, while the number of contract calls slowly declined.

Reason for the decline from its high in 2019 is that users are phasing out their delegation contracts and replace them by more efficient delegations from regular addresses which became possible with the Babylon network upgrade in October.

The recent uptick in contract call activity can probably be attributed to the first price oracle from Kaiko which started operating in early August.

Despite the Dai Savings Rate still sitting at 0%, Dai interest rates across the board have improved significantly since their initial decline following Black Thursday in March.

Many DeFi favorites are now offering attractive yields as 30 day averages for Compound, dYdX, and Aave lending rates sit between 4% and 7% APY.

In terms of actual rates, Bitfinex offers the highest yield with its 30 day average sitting at 81%.

On the flip side, borrowing Dai from Maker is cheaper than ever.

Anyone can use popular collateral like ETH, USDC, and WBTC to borrow Dai from the Maker protocol for 0% interest.

This graph shows a breakdown of which markets have earned the most COMP over time.

Early on in the COMP distribution cycle, USDT was the largest market on Compound, as its wide availability and 0% reserve factor made it a popular choice for liquidity miners.

After a community vote on June 25th, the reserve factor for USDT was raised to 20% to account for liquidation default risk.

A COMP distribution patch was passed through the governance system on July 2nd, which removed the borrowing interest rate from the COMP distribution model and replaced it with the USD value of borrowing demand.

This patch led to DAI becoming the largest market in the protocol, due to its lower level of borrow APY a…

This is issue #32 of Our Network, the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches more than 3000 crypto investors every week.

Let's take a look at three aspects of YFI using on-chain data: farming, liquidity, and hodlers.

And Uniswap has overtaken Balancer for the deepest liquidity pools among decentralized exchanges.

The relative scarcity of YFI on exchanges is likely the main driver of price action - especially since the YFI pools stopped distributing tokens.

The YFI pools have been effective in getting YFI into the hands of thousands of wallets.

The majority of largest vaults are directly or indirectly involved in yield farming activities, mostly at Compound.

The USDC-A vault owners have the most leveraged positions, which is evident in low account liquidity.

Maker recently changed the liquidation ratio for USDC-A from 120% to 110% in order to potentially reduce DAI premium (either by helping market makers to be more aggressive at shorting DAI or by flooding markets with DAI to reduce farming yields).

In practice, the change primarily increased farming yields for these individuals, as the vast majority of DAI issued by USDC vaults recently ended up in Compound.

It is yet to be seen how much more DAI is needed to reduce the DAI prem…

This is issue #31 of Our Network, the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches more than 3000 crypto investors every week.

At the time of writing, there is currently ~$3.5 billion worth of crypto assets locked in DeFi smart contracts.

This week our contributors cover DeFi projects: Instadapp, Opyn, Nexus Mutual, PoolTogether, and Keep Network & TBTC.

Recently, Instadapp launched “DeFi Smart Accounts,” which acts as a robust foundation on top of which these tools are built.

On June 16th, Instadapp provided users a tool to claim and maximize their COMP tokens with the “Maximise COMP” feature.

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How do we know we’re even measuring the right things, and is there one key metric or KPI for measuring the health of a community?

Where do “meta communities” or where does engaging key community leaders come in?

And when it comes to developer relations specifically, where should devrel sit in an organization (product, sales, engineering)?

How do you reconcile developer as customer vs. developer as community member?

You can find the latest on company building best practices for crypto at a16z Crypto Startup School and see other pieces in our ongoing community series at a16z.com/community.

In this episode, we continue our community series with a recent discussion that applies to many kinds of community building.

In this discussion, which was recorded at our Crypto Startup School in April 2020, a16z General Partner Chris Dixon talked about building communities — specifically, communities of open-source developers — with GitHub cofounder Tom Preston-Werner.

They discussed how to engage early users, how to turn them into your biggest advocates, how to create superfans, and more.

Today, GitHub is the leading community for open-source developers and others.

They also discuss in-person communities vs. distributed communities, a topic that is very top of mind today.

We’re living in an unprecedented era of online collaboration, coordination, and creation.

But the word “members” is faceless, and doesn’t help us really understand, support (and better design for) these communities.

So what lessons of open source communities do and don’t apply to the passion economy and creator communities?

How does the evolution of online communities — really, social networks — shift the focus to reputation and status as a service?

And what if working in public is also about sharing in private, given the “dark forest theory of the internet”, the growing desire for more “high-shared context” groups and spaces (including even podcasts and newsletters)?

Building AI systems today is increasingly a problem of coordinating large-scale and widespread data-collection efforts.

The problem of the long tail is the hairline crack at the foundation of today’s AI power structure.

But it doesn’t yet explain, however, why the long tail, in particular, is often so problematic.

And, contrariwise, why would the demand side ever pay good money for the mad ravings of an untrained neural network?

With this new bit of logic, our neural network begins to take on a life of its own as a self-funding, autonomous entity.

More than 98% of the information on the web is lost within 20 years, and huge gaps exist in our digital and cultural history.

Zoran Basich and Alex Pruden of a16z talk to Brewster Kahle and Sam Williams, who are using different approaches to attack this problem.

Kahle cofounded the Internet Archive, which is well known for creating the Wayback Machine that crawls a billion URLs every day.

Williams cofounded Arweave, a company that uses decentralized crypto networks to store information forever.

They also discuss how decentralized models offer the promise of building a next-generation web that works better for users.

All of this is playing out against the broader, more profound cultural context and events around the death of George Floyd in Minnesota and beyond, and ongoing old-new debates around content moderation on social media.

So what’s hype/ what’s real — given this show’s throughline!

— around what CDA 230 precisely does and doesn’t do, the role of agencies like the FCC, and more?

Finally: how does and doesn’t Section 230 connect to the First Amendment when it comes to companies vs. governments; what does “good faith” really mean and what are possible paths and ways forward among the divisive debates around content moderation?

All this and more in this 2x+ long explainer episode of 16 Minutes.

Today’s episode is about a practical application of crypto — namely, the way it can “tokenize” fandom.

More broadly, it’s about fan engagement, and the increasingly blurred lines between sports, culture and tech.

Joining this conversation are a16z managing partner and tech investor Jeff Jordan, who has long followed the evolving relationship between sports and tech.

Also joining is Jesse Walden, a former a16z crypto partner and co-founder of Mediachain.

We discuss the evolution of models for fan engagement; how social media has changed the game; and where technologies like cryptonetworks and blockchains come in.

Led by our crypto data scientist, Eddy Lazzarin, we analyzed 10 years of data, including Reddit comments in crypto subreddits, Github commits in crypto repos, and Pitchbook funding data (more on the methodology below).

The First Cycle: 2009-2012The first crypto cycle peaked in 2011.

A key feature of crypto cycles is that each one plants seeds which later grow and drive the next cycle.

The Third Cycle: 2016-2019The third cycle, reaching its peak in 2017, is when the broader implications of crypto captured mainstream attention.

See Chris Dixon discuss the crypto price-innovation cycle in week one of the recent a16z Crypto Startup School (click here to see full-length presentations from the sc…

So we began designing a curriculum to share what we’ve learned at a16z from working with world-class crypto entrepreneurs and technologists.

And in late February, the 45 selected students gathered in the Bay Area to take part in a16z Crypto Startup School.

You can find the videos on the Crypto Startup School site, along with a supplementary course reader.

Along with Chris and Dan, presenters include Balaji Srinivasan, Jutta Steiner, Brian Armstrong, Brian Brooks, and other members of the a16z Crypto team and portfolio.

Andreessen Horowitz offers its heartfelt thanks to all the students, instructors, and mentors of Crypto Startup School for their inspiring hard work, creativity, and relentle…

Cons: not capital efficient, limited leverage available, requires external oracle, unable to maintain peg because of lack of arbitrage loop.

Pros: simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

MAXIMUM ORACLE MOVEMENTSome protocols limit how much the oracle price can move in a certain period of time.

Multicoin has been looking at early-stage Decentralized BitMEX opportunities for the last 12 months, and we have b…

As a result, it’s more important than ever for DeFi projects considering liquidity mining to think carefully about their incentives, and to design their liquidity mining programs to retain capital after get-rich-quick wash traders disappear.

In this essay, we explore the design space of liquidity mining and outline a framework by which DeFi teams can construct a useful liquidity mining program that incentivizes long-term capital retention.

Objectives for Liquidity MiningThe most important step when designing a liquidity mining program is to determine the exact objectives of the program.

WHEN DO THEY GET PAIDMost of the liquidity mining campaigns announced so far do not include lockup or tim…

You don’t need to go to SoundCloud to experience all of this audio.

If the audio exists on SoundCloud, it can exist anywhere on the web and mobile devices.”Nine years later, it’s clear that SoundCloud had the right vision: open audio available anywhere on the Internet.

Over the last few years, we’ve seen an explosion in decentralized services to power all forms of media across the internet.

Audius is a decentralized, censorship-resistant audio streaming platform.

By virtue of being decentralized, Audius is open.

We track the exchange token market closely (as noted in our Binance reports here and here; we also still hold a large long BNB position), and through our ongoing analysis of the space we noticed that there is a divergence between the fundamentals of Huobi and the current valuation of Huobi Token ($HT).

Huobi has expanded their product offerings significantly in the past two years, most notably into derivatives trading (for details see the section below).

$HT currently has the highest buyback ratio of any exchange token on the market at 17.8%.

In fact, $HT’s buyback ratio is 4.4x higher than the exchange token industry average.

Download the report (PDF) now to read our analysis of Huobi and …

While there are certain instances in which DeFi protocols offer lower rates today, these protocols are structurally handicapped.

Moreover, because DeFi protocols cannot underwrite trust relationships, they require higher collateralization ratios, further increasing the (opportunity) cost of capital.

And this is despite the fact that DeFi trading volumes are ~1% of CeFi trading.

To put that in perspective, crypto CeFi trading is .1 - 1% of trading across traditional asset classes (excluding FX).

If you’re building any novel DeFi protocols, or the infrastructure to power DeFi, please reach out via email or DM me on Twitter.

DescriptionEditor's Note: This video was originally published by Tom Shaughnessy on his Youtube account.

In this episode, Tom Shaughnessy talks with Ben Sparango and Tony Sheng of Multicoin capital to discuss their latest report on The Trust Spectrum.

Do not trade or invest in any project, tokens, or securities based upon this podcast episode.

Tom Shaughnessy owns tokens in ETH, BTC, CKB, STX, SNX, RUNE, sUSD, and HNT.

Lets Talk Bitcoin is a distribution partner for the Chain Reaction Podcast, and our current show features paid sponsorships which may be featured at the start, middle, and/or the end of the episode.

Editor's Note: This video was originally published by the Ethereal Summit on their Youtube account.

Please visit follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Featuring Jack O'Holleran (SKALE Labs), Stan Kladko (SKALE Labs) Interviewed by Tushar Jain (Multicoin Capital)7-8 May 2020 – The two-day Ethereal Virtual Summit agenda features 100+ ecosystem leaders and can't-miss talks on the most exciting trends in the blockchain space, from decentralized finance to Ethereum 2.0.

Welcome to the decentralized future etherealsummit.com

The Lightning Network is viewed by most as a decentralized, permissionless Visa network for Bitcoin, bringing high throughput and low latency payments to the network.

State of Lightning: Payment Channels & HTLCsAs described in the 2015 paper, the Lightning Network facilitates bidirectional payment channels chained together using HTLCs.

In the five years since its proposal, the Lightning Network has grown at a rapid pace.

Using TLVs combined with Keysend, the Lightning Network becomes an incentivized, onion-routed data network.

Web3 developers should seek to build on an open, interoperable, permissionless standard, instead.

Editor's Note: This video was originally published by Blockstack on thier Youtube account.

Please visit follow the related links to visit his content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Kyle Samani, the Managing Partner of Multicoin, and Muneeb Ali, the Co-Founder of Blockstack, join the The Stacks Podcast to discuss research, investment theses, and debate the biggest trends in the industry.

Since then, the DeFi ecosystem on top of Ethereum has blossomed: utilizing a couple dozen DeFi protocols, users have withdrawn a few hundred million dollars of debt fully collateralized against an even larger pool of capital.

In this essay I’ll consider the 1) effort, and 2) capital required to fork each of the major DeFi protocols.

There are a few teams that are working on stablecoin clearinghouses, including DeFi protocols such as StableCoinSwap, and Shell; and centralized clearing houses like Stablehouse.

Mixer - Tornado.cashTornado Cash is unique among the other DeFi protocols above.

In short, Ethereum’s defensibility - at least as it pertains to DeFi protocols - is materially stronger …

Building in Asia, where consumer “super-apps” like WeChat and Kakao are prevalent, dForce is building the first “super-network” of DeFi protocols.

Adoption of Open Finance: Composability, Integration, and LocalizationIn our Crypto Mega Theses, we highlighted that the key enabler of open finance is the modularization of financial primitives.

In fact, centralized exchanges like Binance, Huobi, and OKEx are already experimenting with DeFi protocols tied to their respective ecosystem tokens, and they’re engaging with external DeFi protocols as well.

As these experiments mature, DeFi protocols and centralized exchanges will continue to mesh together, accelerating the transition to open finance.

…

DescriptionAs a suite of new layer 1 blockchains are launching, I’ve been thinking about Ethereum’s network effects, and the defensibility of the DeFi protocols built on top of Ethereum.

In this essay I’ll consider the 1) effort, and 2) capital required to fork each of the major DeFi protocols.

There are a few teams that are working on stablecoin clearinghouses, including DeFi protocols such as StableCoinSwap, and Shell; and centralized clearing houses such as Stablehouse.

Mixer – Tornado.cashTornado Cash is unique among the other DeFi protocols above.

In short, Ethereum’s defensibility – at least as it pertains to DeFi protocols – is materially stronger than that of any individual DeFi pro…

Editor's Note: This conversation was originally published by Marcos Veremis on his Soundcloud account and was an official SXSW 2020 panel.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

Listen nowDescriptionBelievers in the crypto space often parallel it to the early days of the internet.

Both started within small technology circles and moved on to a more mainstream audience with their first “killer app”; email in the case of the internet and bitcoin in the case of crypto.

While the internet transformed the way we create and receive information, the crypto space is promising to transform the way we create and receive value.

Editor's Note: This podcast was originally published by Solana.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Listen nowDescriptionIn this episode, Kyle and Anatoly talk about the effects of COVID-19 on the cryptocurrency market, Black Thursday, and how they each see the next few months playing out in both the crypto and traditional markets.

In this post, we explore the concept of trust and show how trust isn’t binary, but rather multi-dimensional.

Each property in this post will include three sub-sections: (1) its trust score spectrum, (2) top products and services in the space along this spectrum, and (3) market observations.

In the event that user funds are drained, there is no capital remaining for users to be compensated.

Protocols today span a wide spectrum of trust models and users are unlikely to understand the risks these models pose to their funds.

And with the exception of “insurance funds” to cover overleveraged defaults, DeFi protocols do not offer native insurance.

Zooko Wilcox, a core contributing member of the Zcash community, voiced the confusion as follows:“You have to *store* your crypto in a private cryptosystem if you want privacy.

Efforts like the Zcash Developer Alliance are working to make the vision of interoperable-and-private-value stemming from Zcash a widespread reality.

Why Zcash is the Community to Bring Us PrivacyThe crypto-community most capable of bringing privacy to the masses is Zcash.

When it launched in October 2016, Zcash was the first practical implementation of Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zkSNARKs).

Join a Zcash community call or hop into the forum today.

Instead of paying fees to portfolio managers, investors earn fees for contributing their assets to Balancer pools [2].

The larger a Balancer pool gets, the less slippage there is when someone is trying to source one of its assets.

With decreasing slippage for key assets, Balancer positions itself to attract more traders as it becomes a more competitive venue for many of their desired positions.

An LP can contribute to an existing Balancer pool or create their own.

This flexibility has allowed Balancer to be a fertile ground for experimentation, alongside the deep liquidity pools it’s accumulating ($200M and counting).

The principles of free and open source software (FOSS) are fundamental to the ethos of the communities building blockchain networks.

While it is not uncommon for a single organization or small group of core developers to coordinate and deliver most of the work, the source code is generally open for everyone to inspect and improve upon.

Control is maintained not by keeping software proprietary, but through social and institutional means, including ideological discourse, community management, and trademark license agreements.

Despite the unique governance challenges from issuing network-specific assets to operators, investors, users, or other stakeholders, there are important similarities bet…

As smart contract platforms autonomously manage billions of dollars of capital, quantifying the portfolio risk that investors engender in these systems is increasingly important. Recent work illustrates that Proof of Stake (PoS) is vulnerable to financial attacks arising from on-chain lending and has worse capital efficiency than Proof of Work (PoW). Numerous methods for improving capital efficiency have been proposed that allow stakers to create fungible derivative claims on their staked assets. In this paper, we construct a unifying model for studying the security risks of these proposals.

Geometric mean market makers (G3Ms), such as Uniswap and Balancer, comprise a popular class of automated market makers (AMMs) defined by the following rule: the reserves of the AMM before and after each trade must have the same (weighted) geometric mean.

These results include the returns and no-arbitrage prices of liquidity pool (LP) shares that investors receive for supplying liquidity to G3Ms.

Using these expressions, we show how to create G3Ms whose LP shares replicate the payoffs of financial derivatives.

These strategies allow LP shares to replicate various trading strategies and financial contracts, including standard options.

G3Ms are thus shown to be capable of recreating a variety …

Financial capital outpaces the installation of new technologies, in part because financial capital is responsible for speculating new technologies into existence.

In the process of capitalizing itself into relevance, this boom of crypto capital has built a native financial system to account for its very own bootstrapping.

While the other revolutionary technologies no doubt led to evolution within the existing financial system, none of them built an entirely new financial system from scratch.

To delineate between this superior financial system and its predecessor, I’m going to use meatspace+digital to refer to the incumbents.

On the macro level, crypto’s financial system needs to be resilien…

Blockchain enthusiasts often criticize traditional institutions for their tendency to concentrate resources and decision-making authority.

But token-weighted governance without system design features that counteract centralization are clearly open to similar criticisms.

As a result, large token holders are faced with a dilemma: abstain from participation to stay true to the ethos of decentralization, or seek to govern in a way that doesn’t disproportionately benefit powerful actors at the expense of other stakeholders.

But the problem when it comes to consumer deployments has always been the user experience and the safekeeping of private keys.

Magic offers an authentication service that’s far more secure for users and much cheaper for developers and businesses.

With Magic, developers can build services that leverage signatures to authenticate information.

Magic enables that world by separating the keys from the application and helping developers leverage digital signatures, encryption, and blockchain transactions.

But the real magic happens when creative companies combine all of this new functionality to create new business model opportunities.

Balancer liquidity pools are designed to hold a basket of tokens according to a specified index.

When you add assets to a pool, you receive ERC-20 Liquidity Provider (LP) tokens in that pool proportional to your contribution, which can be redeemed for their share in underlying assets of the pool.

For example, if a pool is 25% ETH and 75% MKR, the tokens in the pool (ETH and MKR) are available to the market.

Balancer LP tokens are similar to shares in an index fund.

But because assets held in these pools are also available for trading on the Balancer DEX, LP tokens are also useful as proofs of liquidity.

There’s a huge opportunity in introducing the efficiencies of smart contracts to existing frameworks.

For example, Decentraland, an Ethereum-based virtual-reality world, recently migrated governance over its network to an Aragon DAO.

But we’ve also seen individuals set up single-member Aragon DAOs to manage their own assets in a secure vault, and companies using Aragon internally to keep transparent records.

It’s early days for Aragon and DAOs in general.

Blockchains, smart contracts, and digital assets provide the building blocks of such new infrastructure, and Aragon makes them accessible to everyone.

Numerai’s breakthrough is proving that staked data is better than un-staked data.

Users who stake more behind their submissions are more likely to be right than users who stake less.

The ProtocolErasure consists of three primitives: payment, recourse, and track record.

Erasure TodayNumerai moved itself to Erasure when it launched on Mainnet, and released a new app Erasure Quant to leverage some of the new functionality.

All of Numerai’s activity now runs on the new protocol, and we can see activity growing by looking at how much NMR is staked in Erasure contracts over time.

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Over the last three years, Aragon has built a suite of governance tools that allow any organization to legitimately and transparently manage activities like community voting, treasury management, organization ownership, and contributor payroll. It takes less than five minutes and a few dollars to set up your own entity, with six templates to choose from and governance as simple as drag-and-drop. Organizations using these tools exist within Aragon’s digital jurisdiction. To further establish the rules of its jurisdiction, and resolve disputes within and between organizations, the team built the Aragon Court, which is now live on mainnet. To govern the jurisdiction, incentivize jurors in the …

Bring Your Own DataNon-custody is another way crypto cuts costs for applications.

But what seems unclear to many is how exactly they can create long-term business value and defensibility when everything is open.

P2B2CThin Applications are cheaper to run because they push many of the costs to protocols and users.

Could crypto applications pull off a similar move?

Crypto applications, even if they’re built more traditionally, don’t have that same ability to lock you in.

Economic imbalance and growing inequality is the new normal, but there is nothing natural about sustained economic imbalance.

The one constant in bitcoin is its fixed supply; there will only ever be 21 million bitcoin, and there is nothing anyone can do about it.

Setting aside taxes and regulatory capture for a moment, if one wants to acquire bitcoin, he or she will have to provide value in return, and bitcoin will become the arbiter of that value.

By making the nominal amount of bitcoin zero-sum, it ensures that the economic system is non-zero sum.

Bitcoin held in smaller denominations continues to grow steadily, while bitcoin held in larger denominations continues to decline.

An open source collaboration between Unchained Capital and SatoshiLabs engineers gives Trezor hardware wallets the ability to confirm multisignature addresses displayed in a browser on the device, protecting bitcoin multisignature users from browser-based attacks.

The CollaborationAt Unchained Capital, we work with multisignature addresses in the browser, much like Trezor’s wallet (wallet.trezor.io) coordinates single signature addresses via the browser.

Dhruv Bansal, co-founder of Unchained Capital, and Szymon Lesisz and Pavol Rusnak of SatoshiLabs collaborated on open source development in order to improve Trezor Multisignature functionality by enabling a critical function for multisignat…

For those looking to avoid selling their bitcoin, bitcoin-backed loans are an option to get dollars today without making a sale.

In this article, we’d like to share some information about how bitcoin-backed loans work and who should use them.

Factors to Consider in Getting a Bitcoin-Backed LoanHere are a few important factors to consider before taking out a bitcoin-backed loan.

Unchained Capital loans are allowed to be prepaid without penalty, so clients are free to end loans early at no additional cost.

ConclusionWe hope that this guide has answered your most pertinent questions about bitcoin-backed loans.

Unchained Capital is excited to be partnering with Tantra Labs (Tantra), which leverages Unchained’s collaborative custody platform to secure bitcoin held in cold storage.

Given the nature of its operations and strategies, Tantra holds a material percentage of its assets offline in cold storage, requiring best-in-class multisignature custody through Unchained Capital.

Tantra specializes in algorithmic trading strategies to deliver enhanced yield-based products and Unchained specializes in custody infrastructure and multisig technology solutions.

Collaborative custody and Unchained’s open source Caravan tool collectively remove counterparty risk from the custody equation for Tantra and ensur…

Importing your external spend information file and connecting your hardware wallets gives you full freedom to move your funds without interacting with the Unchained Capital website in any way.

The Steps to External RecoveryThis is a short video of the full external recovery workflow from vaults using Caravan, and below the video, you will find complete written instructions.

GuideAfter creating your multisignature address on the Unchained Capital Website, select the external spend information menu, and download the external spend file.

The file contains important information that you would need to spend bitcoin externally to Unchained, but does not give someone who discovers it the ability t…

If Alice wants to send Bob 1 bitcoin, Bob will want to know that Alice actually has the funds to send.

new test results, can be made relatively costlessly.

Here’s how a health certificate and contact tracing system using LSATs might look:We start with a known and respected testing service that establishes a well-capitalized Lightning node.

Using the LSAT system and lightning node’s public key associated with it, payments or subsidies could be offered to those able to present a valid proof-of-test LSAT.

A related challenge is adoption of lightning and bitcoin and some of the stigmas associated with these technologies that continue to persist.

A few weeks ago, I gave the attached presentation (see below) at the Value of Bitcoin Europe conference (June 3, 2020).

The presentation discusses recent and unprecedented actions taken by the Federal Reserve in response to global macro crises.

Through the end of May 2020, the Fed digitally created $2.9 trillion dollars over the course of a 13-week period.

While investors in the mainstream will rationalize it as crazy but necessary to stave off a crisis, it is more appropriately “crazy but still crazy” and marks the end of the beginning, which is the title of the presentation.

The central banking model trades short-term stability for long-term volatility while bitcoin trades short-term vola…

Type of Stressor Example Impact / Outcome Consensus Rules – Segwit2x Civil War– Bitcoin Cash Hard-Fork – Bitcoin proves to be censorship resistant– Bitcoin wins, strengthens Government action – Indian central bank banning banks ability to service bitcoin companies– China clamping down on exchanges and mining activities– U.S. Congress representatives calling for bans or restrictions– Bitcoin addresses being put on OFAC list – Network continues to function uninterrupted– Network adapts and immunizes threat– Bitcoin wins, strengthens Competing protocols – Bitcoin hard forks and copies– World Computer– Utility Tokens– Stablecoins– Facebook’s Libra – Competing currencies fail– Bitcoin remains do…

A few weeks ago, I gave the attached presentation (see below) at the Value of Bitcoin Americas conference (May 11th 2020, otherwise known as the bitcoin halvening III).

In reality, bitcoin (in its current state) is already a permanent fixture and it is so because, as a network, it is an antifragile system.

Whereas resilient systems withstand stress and disorder, the antifragile actually benefits from “volatility, randomness, disorder and stressors.”This describes bitcoin to its core.

In the attached presentation, I outline how the security of bitcoin is derived from its decentralized architecture and how decentralization creates antifragility.

Lastly, I will be giving another presentation a…

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Abstract: We have installed the Blockstream Bitcoin Satellite system, a way to download and verify Bitcoin’s blockchain via satellite, without the need for an internet connection.

OverviewFollowing on from our experimentation with Bitcoin miners a few weeks ago, in this piece we install and use the “Bitcoin Satellite”, a product supplied by Blockstream.

(The satellite antenna on the roof of the building)(The satellite antenna was connected to a laptop via the S400 Pro Satellite receiver)(The S400 Pro Satellite receiver web management console)UsageWe synced the Bitcoin node to the current tip using the internet and once the tip was reached, we disabled the internet connection by adding conne…

Key HighlightsCrypto Spot Volumes Soar, with Top Tier Exchanges DominatingIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Derivatives Volumes Surge by 54%Derivatives volumes increased 53.6% in August to $711.7bn.

Derivatives exchanges saw significant increases in trading volume in August.

Exchange Benchmark AnalysisIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Following the July update to CryptoCompare’s Exchange Benchmark Ranking, the data shows that higher risk exchanges have generally lost market share, as users begin shifting to lower risk (Top-Tier) exchanges.

Abstract: We provide a follow up to our previous piece, a comparison between the Antminer S19 Pro and the Whatsminer M30S+.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)Figure 4 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.4°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)The following thermal image shows the Antminer from above.

Figure 5 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro from above(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.2°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)DisclaimerPlease note, this should be considered as a very amateur analysis.

Abstract: We compare and measure various performance metrics for two of the latest and most energy efficient Bitcoin mining products, MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+ and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro.

MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+, available for US$1,580 and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro, with a list price of US$2,407.

It should be noted that the Whatsminer M30S+ is not MicroBT’s most advanced product and a more efficient Whatsminer M30S++ has been released.

Miner Reported Hashrate (TH/s) Efficiency (J/TH) Antminer S19 95 34.5 Antminer S19 Pro 110 29.5 Whatsminer M30S+ 100 34.0 Whatsminer M30S++ 112 31.0HashrateBitmain’s S19 Pro has a reported hashrate of 110 TH/s, while the Whatsminer M30S+ can reported…

Key HighlightsTop-Tier Exchange Volumes Surge, Gaining Market ShareIn July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

The top 4 exchanges Huobi, OKEx, Binance and BitMEX represented 90% of the volume traded on this day.

In July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

Top-Tier exchanges now represent 60% of total volume.

In July, volume from the 15 largest Top-Tier exchanges increased 69% on average (vs June).

Eventually, towards the end of the softfork window, two different softforks, a flag day softfork (BIP148) and an 80% miner threshold softfork (BIP91) made signalling for the Segregated Witness softfork mandatory and therefore it finally activated.

Based on our illustration we think there are essentially six reasonably likely choices when it comes to modern softfork activation.

Activation logic to be included in Bitcoin CoreIn favour of including activation logic in Bitcoin Core Against including activation logic in Bitcoin Core If the activation methodology is not implemented in Bitcoin Core, then there is the problem of achieving coordination over the activation parametersAt the same time,…

Illustration of Bitcoin Core’s new peer selection methodologyCall to action: testing and improving asmapThe new asmap feature to better diversify network peers is now available in Bitcoin Core 0.20.

Be the first to use new security features of Bitcoin Core node, help make them secure and easy to use, and contribute to Bitcoin-related utilities!

Background: connectivity, eclipse attacks and spyingEvery Bitcoin Core node nowadays by default establishes 10 connections (8 full connections and 2 block-relay-only connections).

One may also take a look at the asmap integration into Bitcoin Core, discussed in the review club.

3 Start your testing Bitcoin Core node with the `-asmap=` config option p…

Key HighlightsCrypto Volumes Plummet in JuneIn June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier spot volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

Among the top 15 top tier exchanges, they currently represent approximately three quarters of spot volume.

In June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

In June, volume from many of the largest Top Tier exchanges decreased 35% on average (vs May).

All derivatives exchanges saw large decreases in trading volume in June, with BitMEX decreasing the most proportionally (-50.3% to $51.6bn).

Abstract: We look at the history of Bitcoin mining ASIC manufacturers, in particular the reported energy efficiency of the mining machines.

In conclusion we think that post the 2020 Bitcoin halving, further industry consolidation is likely in both the ASIC manufacturing sector and mining farm operating sector.

CanaanAs we mentioned in our December 2019 piece on the Canaan IPO, Canaan acquired the Avalon name in 2014.

(Source: Ebang 2020 IPO prospectus)Ebang launched its first product in late 2016, the Ebit E9+.

However, for a highly volatile and capital intensive industry like Bitcoin ASIC manufacturing, which can appear mysterious and opaque to traditional investors, perhaps it is not too …

So I think you’re right, but I think there’s some nuance there where it doesn’t have to converge.

So, I mean, in general, it depends on how specific we want to be on what is perpetual swap, right?

You’re, you’re giving the market a market order.

Because if you’re letting your long expire, you’re basically if you’re market neutral, you’re presuming, you’re saying the market that you’re going to now bid spot to replicate your exposure back to get your long back.

Su Zhu (00:48:50):I think there’s, there’s a lot of there’s a lot of cool stuff that can be done.

I’m, I’m, I’m just personally not a fan of that design pattern.

Because I’m, I’m, I’m also a interesting it’s, it’s interesting how my, my feelings on this has changed over the last few months.

And, and so, so, so that’s, that’s, that’s originally where our discussion started.

So yeah, that’s, that’s, that’s hopefully a step in, in a, in a better direction.

Which, which, again, I’m, I’m, I’m happy to, to, to challenge and fight and to see where it goes.

And, and, and that’s, that’s still the purpose of the yearn system overall is to maximize APR for its LPs.

And that’s where I’d like to see it as well, because I’m, I’m, I’m a, I’m a big, I’m a big advocate for sustainable yields.

Like it’s, it’s, I’m, I’m, I’m really actually unhappy with it, but at the same time, it was very interesting to see, but, but I, I traced all of the sell events.

So, so I’m, I’m, I’m tempted to say that that’s already, I’m already observing that.

But again, that’s, that’s, that’s one of those, those fascinating side effects that like, like so much has already happened, that I could not predict them in any kind of design ideas.

Someone on Twitter asked me about the thesis that an intolerant minority can defend Bitcoin.

I think the concept of the intolerant minority is frequently misapplied in Bitcoin.

Bitcoin is less defended by an intolerant minority than it defends against an intolerant minority.

When a sufficient number of people from the otherwise-tolerant majority disagree with a special interest group, they can branch into their own special interest group.

The more intolerant it is, the larger special interest groups need to be.

He then discusses similarities of the crypto market structure to that of FX markets.

A Concise Study (by Su): In a quick analysis, Su shows how an ETF-like strategy of “buying the top 10 coins” would have performed against BTC.

The Great Race to Crypto Banking (by Hasu): Crypto exchanges and their competitors are racing to adopt, -and ultimately democratize- financial services known from legacy finance.

Bruno and Bill: a Story of Broken Trust while Building a Trustless Protocol (by Su and Hedgedhog): Su and Hedgedhog revisit the story of an ICO founder gone rogue to highlight the risks from key man risk, and admin access more generally, in DeFi.

Navigating the Crypto Gambling Wasteland (by …

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