FinCEN could rule that henceforth, if anyone wants to access tether, USD coin, or any other official stablecoin (TrueUSD, Paxos standard, Gemini dollar, Binance USD, HUSD) they will need to apply for a verified stablecoin account.

It’s not evident how a stablecoin issuer can conduct KYC on a smart contract.

This hoard of stablecoins serves as collateral backing for dai, Maker’s decentralized stablecoin.

Compound, Curve and Uniswap might try to adapt by substituting FinCEN compliant stablecoins like USD coin with decentralized ones, say like Maker’s dai stablecoin.

If Maker, like Compound and Curve, can no longer hold USD coin, then dai itself would become less stable.

Crypto payments platform BitPay has settled with the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on charges of over 2,000 apparent sanctions violations.

The company knew it was facilitating transactions for individuals in sanctioned regions because it had location information and IP addresses, OFAC claimed.

BitPay cooperated with OFAC as the agency investigated the charges.

The notice warned that cryptocurrency companies must abide by OFAC regulations and monitor for possible sanctions risks.

OFAC found the violations to be non-egregious.”The company has since improved its compliance program, the spokesperson said.

Nvidia is also launching Cryptocurrency Mining Processors (CMP) specifically for Ethereum miners.

Gates has previously criticized cryptocurrencies and said he'd short bitcoin "if there was an easy way to do it."

Announced Thursday, Radicle, a fully decentralized code repository, has raised $12 million in funding, integrated its peer-to-peer network with Ethereum and launched the RAD governance token.

Notably, it’s the first crypto investment from NFX since Libra co-creator Morgan Beller left Facebook and joined the VC firm in September 2020.

“We think about Radicle as infrastructure for decentralized communities,” Diakomichalis said in an interview.

“When it comes to value, these communities are very used to interacting with value flows; think about things like DeFi protocols on Ethereum.

A Radicle token streams mockup (Radicle)It should be said that GitHub introduced a system of code sponsoring ba…

The amount is greater than the market capitalization of Intercontinental Exchange Inc., owner of the New York Stock Exchange.

(For what it’s worth, Tesla used Coinbase for its $1.5 billion bitcoin purchase, according to The Block.)

Bitcoin WatchDecline in “whale” entities worth watching, CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole writesThe number of bitcoin addresses with at least 1,000 bitcoin (roughly $50 million worth) has trailed off recently after rising over the past year.

Token WatchEther (ETH): Ethereum cryptocurrency looks overleveraged after rising to new all-time-high price over $1,900.

The U.S. will eventually adopt bitcoin as a reserve asset, argues Zabo co-founder Alex Treece in an op-ed for Co…

“Bond King” Jeffrey Gundlach has had a change of heart on bitcoin.

Gundlach – CEO of DoubleLine Capital, an investment firm with more than $130 billion in assets under management – now says bitcoin could be a better bet than gold.

Gundlach, who’s previously said “I don’t believe in bitcoin,” tweeted Thursday that “bitcoin may be the stimulus asset.

It doesn’t look like gold is.”Gundlach’s change of stance comes on the heels of bitcoin’s dizzying rise from $10,000 to $52,000 seen in the past 4.5-months.

Gundlach noted he had been neutral on gold for the last six months, while formerly a “gold bull.” He previously said bitcoin was in “bubble territory” when it rose past $23,000 in early Janua…

Getting crypto exchanges across the world to plug into each other and share sensitive customer data is proving to be a complex problem.

This is expected to create a so-called “sunrise problem,” as some parts of the crypto world become regulated ahead of others.

The TRISA testnet begins to address that looming challenge by including a dummy version of an “evil VASP” that will provide false authentication, attempt to steal data and so on.

There are two compliant VASPs as well as the non-compliant exchange on the testnet, explained John Jefferies, co-chairman of TRISA.

“The evil VASP isn’t part of TRISA and it will try and trick people into sharing information,” said Jefferies.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

Critics are quick to invoke the South Sea Bubble of 1720 or the tulips in 1637, but it’s not clear they know enough about our financial past to make those episodes relevant for today.

It’s easy to see why comparing Bitcoin to the South Sea Company’s meteoric rise in the spring and summer of 1720 is so tempting.

This all happened during South Sea mania.

This dampens the risk to the overall financial system rather than fueling the fire like the South Sea directors did in the spring and summer of 1720.

Bitcoin’s 2021 looks nothing like the South Sea Company in 1720.

Prediction Markets How Crypto Transforms Prediction Markets Alyssa Hertig Betting can be used to predict the future.

That's the crazy idea behind prediction markets.

Here's how they work and where cryptocurrency fits into the picture.

To test out this lofty hypothesis, a few prediction markets, including Augur and Omen, are now deployed on Ethereum.

Prediction markets FAQsHow do cryptocurrencies improve prediction markets?

Usually, prediction markets are restricted to use in the countries in which they were created.

Less restrictive : Many of today's most popular prediction markets pile on restrictions.

What are some popular crypto prediction markets?

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies .

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups

The Swiss canton of Zug has started accepting tax payments in cryptocurrency.

No partial payments in cryptocurrency will be accepted.

Zug has been dubbed “Crypto Valley” over the many industry companies drawn to the jurisdiction over its friendly blockchain and crypto regulation.

Zug-based crypto broker and custodian Bitcoin Suisse has partnered with the canton, converting cryptocurrency payments into Swiss francs for the tax office.

According to the Zug Canton website, residents can request to pay taxes in cryptocurrency and will be emailed a link taking them to the crypto payment option.

“With this current structure, I do not feel comfortable in running a lot of long exposure.”The funding rate is calculated every eight hours and represents the cost of holding long positions.

When perpetuals trade at a premium to spot price, the funding rate is positive (longs pay shorts).

Hence, a very high funding rate is considered a sign of leverage being excessively skewed to the bullish side (overbought conditions) and often injects volatility into the market.

Ether: Average funding rate Source: SkewIn such situations, holding longs at high costs is attractive only if the bullish momentum remains strong.

A pullback or consolidation can trigger an unwinding of longs, leading to a more p…

What we have learned about bitcoin after the unexpected hash rate drop reinforces the bullish narrative.

What We Learned From Bitcoin’s Hash Rate DropBitcoin has been riding high of late.

Yet over the weekend, panic ensued following a significant drop in its network hash rate, down roughly 49%, the biggest 24-hour reduction in Bitcoin’s history.

And with a decline in Bitcoin’s hash rate, a price correction pushed its value down to a low of ~$50,000.

Simply because Bitcoin carries on functioning 100% in spite of the hash rate drop.

Watch This Episode On YouTubeListen To This Episode:This week for “The Bitcoin Magazine Podcast,” host Christian Keroles and guest host William Clemente sat down with Rafael Schultze-Kraft, the CTO of Glassnode.

Glassnode is an on-chain analytics company and it thrives by making it accessible and easy for Bitcoin enthusiasts, investors and analysts alike to get their hands on cutting-edge metrics and indicators for bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies.

On-chain analytics is the practice of using blockchain node data to learn about the economic actors using a cryptocurrency.

This interview was a high-level overview of Glassnode’s business, its target audience and a deep dive on some of t…

A recent plummet in hash rate and spike in transaction fees has raised some questions about Bitcoin’s resilience.

Over the weekend, the Bitcoin hash rate dropped off a cliff, leaving many industry participants wondering what had happened.

Over the last couple of days, information and context has been provided by industry experts as to what was behind this steep fall in hash rate.

When a large proportion of hash rate shuts off, the pace at which blocks are mined subsequently slows down.

As a result of lagging hash rate over recent days, along with increasing demand to utilize the Bitcoin network, total miner revenue has reached all-time highs.

“The Biz” kicked off its first episode with Austin Hill, former CEO of Zero Knowledge Systems and former CEO of Blockstream.

Watch This Episode On YouTubeListen To This Episode:“The Biz” with John Carvalho kicked off its first episode with a bang in a long-form interview with Austin Hill, former CEO of Zero Knowledge Systems and former CEO of Blockstream.

Hill explained how Blockstream raised so much money so early into the Bitcoin movement, how employees were given BTC payment options and offered some fun stories about the scaling wars and FUD cycle against Blockstream from shitcoiners.

Hill also talked about his concerns about the future of AI, UBI and more.

This interview is required lis…

Amid a historic level of liquidation for bitcoin over the weekend, NYDIG, a bitcoin-focused investment manager, worked to acquire more bitcoin, according to a recent email sent to its subscribers.

Simply put, traders were overleveraged and positioned long, resulting in forced liquidations.” This assessment made NYDIG feel that the price drop was an opportunity to acquire bitcoin at a discount.

The idea is to limit the possible losses of your investments by selling them at the smallest signs of downturn.

NYDIG is one of the Bitcoin space’s most significant investment entities.

It recently raised $100 million to propel a Bitcoin-powered insurance strategy, filed for regulatory approval to off…

Per a press release, Canada-based DMG Blockchain Solutions Inc. has announced the purchase of 3,600 bitcoin ASIC miners which will help to increase the company’s total bitcoin mining hash rate capacity to over 500 peta hashes per second.

According to the announcement, the new purchase of the miners is in line with the company’s ongoing goal of increasing its bitcoin mining capacity.

“Delivery of these miners is expected to begin in August 2021 and continue for the next 12 months.”China’s dominance in Bitcoin mining is being cut down by the growth of more mining firms in North America and other parts of the world.

As Bitcoin Magazine reported, “Bitcoin mining will become a strategic investme…

The beauty of Bitcoin is that it does not need a formal political party in order to enact change.

Having politicians that promote Bitcoin and write legislation to protect the rights of bitcoin holders is a great thing, but a formal political party centered around Bitcoin would cross a bridge too far.

Any Bitcoin political party would be organized around the goal of moving the United States to a bitcoin standard.

I already vote for the Bitcoin Party, and so do you, each and every time we stack sats.

However, it is imperative we do not give into these fears by organizing into a political party that strengthens Bitcoin through legislative force.

In a company announcement, shared workspace provider WeWork said it will use bitcoin for inbound and outbound transactions.

WeWork, a flexible shared workspace provider, has announced that it will integrate bitcoin transactions and hold BTC on its balance sheet through a partnership with cryptocurrency exchange and custody provider Coinbase as well as bitcoin payments processor BitPay.

“Through BitPay … WeWork will accept bitcoin (BTC) … and several other cryptocurrencies as payment for its offerings,” according to the announcement.

“WeWork will also hold the currency on its balance sheet.

WeWork, a New York-based company founded in 2010, appears to be joining the likes of Tesla as a major …

Venmo has announced that its customers are now able to buy, hold and sell bitcoin directly within the app — but they cannot withdraw it.

The popular payments app Venmo has announced that it has launched the ability to buy, sell and hold bitcoin to its more than 70 million customers.

The company’s strategy is to allow its users to venture into the world of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, including ether, litecoin and bitcoin cash, by removing barriers of entry and demystifying part of the process.

The lack of this critical feature may be a turn off for many Bitcoiners who seek to take control of their private keys.

Still, Venmo, similarly to PayPal, will surely help increase the adoption…

Though these standing commitments to the world of cryptocurrency are substantial, ICAP offers an additional leg up for investors looking to juice their Invictus investment returns with no additional risk.

“The bitcoin rally has inspired a new breed of investors, and the ICAP rewards program is fit to cater to this 21st century investor,” Andrew Knight, Invictus’s vice president of analytics, explained.

“Invictus Capital offers a range of tokenized investment funds, spanning across the full spectrum of risk profiles.

The Invictus community is able to stake their fund tokens and earn additional returns in the form of ICAP tokens.

The March addition of a liquidity mining program to boost ICAP …

Binance, one of the world’s biggest bitcoin exchanges, has reportedly hired former Acting Comptroller of the Currency Brian Brooks as the chief executive of its U.S. affiliate Binance.US.

Brooks is set to assume the new role beginning May 1.

In that time, Brooks saw the organization provide relatively friendly regulatory clarification around cryptocurrencies.

“During his time at the OCC, Mr. Brooks was dubbed the ‘CryptoComptroller’ on social media for his friendly attitude toward digital currencies,” The Wall Street Journal reported.

“Using a bank to custody coins makes sense for new users wanting to dip their toe into the world of Bitcoin.

If you’ve ever wanted to own a piece of art crafted by the creative force behind Bitcoin Magazine, here’s your chance.

Although I’ve been working my dream job here at Bitcoin Magazine since September 2017, I have only published one other article.

It was painted as a personal project while working as the art director of BTC Inc. (Bitcoin Magazine, Bitcoin 2021 Conference).

I feel proud and fortunate to have my position here at Bitcoin Magazine.

It is my privilege to auction this piece on Scarce City, a pioneer in bitcoin fine art auctions.

Watch This Episode On YouTubeListen To This Episode:For this episode of Bitcoin Magazine’s “Meet The Taco Plebs,” I was joined by The Littlest Bitcoin Boomer (@littlesthodler), an optimistic, sat-stacking pleb.

We started off this interview by going over The Littlest Bitcoin Boomer’s rabbit hole story, diving into what brought him to Bitcoin.

He shared how Bitcoin changed him and why Bitcoin reinforced good habits.

We discussed how Bitcoin levels the playing field and why I think the plebs are going to dominate in the future.

Grab your sats and HODL, and the deflationary rules of bitcoin will make sure your wealth grows.

Bitcoin is a technological continuation of this American spirit, and this is why it is imperative to run a Bitcoin full node.

Running a full node is the act of hoisting the flag, and it grants the owner full membership in the Bitcoin social contract.

Neither governments nor Bitcoin are perfect, but only Bitcoin offers individuals and governments alike an upgrade path that works at scale.

Nic Carter debunks these claims in “The Frustrating, Maddening, All-Consuming Bitcoin Energy Debate” and “The Last Word on Bitcoin’s Energy Consumption.” Ross Stevens also has some prescient foresight into the possibilities that Bitcoin brings to energy markets.

Bitcoin offers a real solution to this chaos …

Recent comments from officials at two of the world’s largest central banks indicate growing acceptance that bitcoin is the future.

Last week, spokespeople from two of the world’s largest and most significant central banks, Robert Kaplan of the Federal Reserve and Lo Bi of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), provided insight into their views on Bitcoin and how the central banks currently think of the asset.

Additionally, Bo, a deputy governor of the PBOC, had this to say at the Boao Forum for Asia regarding bitcoin and cryptocurrency assets.

“We believe that Bitcoin and stablecoins are encrypted assets,” said Li.

“Encrypted assets are an investment option, not currency itself.

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It's managed to stay popular despite the blockchain's high transaction feesDespite the high transaction fees on the Ethereum blockchain, people continue to flock to the network’s DeFi platforms.

The decentralized exchange has recorded more than $10 billion in weekly transaction volume for the first time, according to statistics from Uniswap Analytics.

🔥 @Uniswap weekly trading volume just passed $10b for the first time!!!

Uniswap V3 is set to go live on May 5 with improvements to both liquidity and trading efficiency.

Once Optimism, a solution to scale Ethereum goes live (it was delayed in March until later this year), Uniswap V3 will launch there as well.

It's time to break out the NFTs of Elon Musk toking.

What’s better than 68 paintings of Elon Musk smoking a blunt?

Why, 69 paintings of Elon Musk smoking a blunt, of course!

The Most Famous Artist, a collective of creators, has sold 69 distinct portraits of Elon Musk smoking cannabis on Joe Rogan’s podcast.

“Elon smoking a blunt on Joe Rogan became a meme seen around the world,” TMFA leader Matty Monahan told Decrypt via email.

In brief The Decrypt Daily podcast spoke with top executives at TIME Magazine and Crypto.com about their recent blockchain partnership.

TIME is exploring potential NFT projects around subscriptions and memberships, the magazine’s president tells Decrypt.

Speaking about that partnership, and about TIME’s recent sale of three digital covers in the form of NFTs, Grossman suggested this is only the start of TIME’s relationship with crypto.

We're gonna play in the NFT space for subscriptions, memberships and access to unique experiences tomorrow.

TIME’s NFT auction involved two old cover images, from 1966 and 2017, along with a new one created specifically for the sale.

In brief Bitcoin mining operation Bitfarms is setting up shop in Argentina.

Bitfarms, one of the largest Bitcoin mining operations in the world, is set to launch a new mining data centre in Argentina.

Bitfarms may be the biggest mining operation in North America but it faces stiff competition—primarily from China.

Most Bitcoin mining happens in the Asian country; mining firms based in China are responsible for 65% of the coin’s hashrate—the total combined computational power used to process the network’s transactions.

Last month, Bitcoin mining revenue hit a record $1.5 billion, and mining profitability has been on the up since last year, according to BitInfoCharts stats.

In brief Bitcoin-based NFT game Infinite Fleet has now pulled in more than $7.2 million in total investment.

The alliance will also see Infinite Fleet artwork and items sold via the Polyient Games NFT Marketplace.

Well, here's the verdict: Infinite Fleet ships will be tokenized on the @Liquid_BTC sidechain so players can trade peer-to-peer.

According to the campaign page, Infinite Fleet has raised nearly $3.69 million in public and private token sales through the STOKR offering.

Can Infinite Fleet help lead the way for Bitcoin gaming and NFTs via secondary-layer solutions and sidechains?

In brief Newegg adds Dogecoin to its payment optionsDogecoin's popularity and value have skyrocketed in recent monthsJust in time for DogeDay, online electronics retailer Newegg announced it’ll happily take Dogecoin as legal tender.

"We are now accepting #dogecoin as an official payment method via BitPay.

Simply click "Edit" in the payment section during checkout, select @BitPay, and complete your transaction," the Newegg Twitter account tweeted late yesterday.

Happy #DogeDay to all, let's share the good news 🚀https://t.co/Fht42HlwTi pic.twitter.com/VoBKip1nqQ — Newegg (@Newegg) April 20, 2021Newegg was founded in 2001 by Taiwan-born American entrepreneur Fred Chang, in Los Angeles.

At chec…

In brief NBA player Jalen Suggs is selling his own NFT, along with a pair of signed shoes.

Top NBA prospect Jalen Suggs is selling a clip of his greatest highlight moment yet as a non-fungible token, or NFT.

As I officially turn pro, The Shot is now a 1-of-1 NFT, accompanied by my signed, game-worn shoes from the semis,” Suggs tweeted yesterday.

The NFT artwork depicts the moment Suggs celebrated a score by standing on the scorer’s table and fist-bumping the air.

Suggs isn't the first NBA player to create an NFT in recent weeks.

In brief IBM is partnering with blockchain patent firm IPwe to turn patents into NFTs.

IPwe, a platform for the world’s IP ecosystem, today announced that it plans to begin representing corporate patents as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), in collaboration with major computer company IBM.

The tokenization of intellectual property will, per the announcement, help position patents to be easily sold, traded, commercialized or otherwise monetized.

In other words, turning patents into NFTs makes it easier to have those patents reach the market.

“The use of NFTs to represent patents will help create completely new ways to interact with intellectual property,” said IPwe CEO Erich Spangenberg.

In brief Aleo uses zero-knowledge proofs and blockchain to offer privacy tools for the webThe startup just raised $28 million from a16z, Coinbase Ventures and othersHoward Wu thinks privacy on the web is broken—and is trying a novel approach to fix that.

Wu's startup, Aleo, is building tools to let web developers use a technology called zero knowledge proofs, along with blockchain, in order to let consumers use the internet without disclosing personal data.

Zero knowledge proofs (ZKP) are a form of cryptography that allows someone to show that something is true without revealing the underlying data on which this is the case.

ZKP proofs have existed for years but, until recently, been confin…

In brief Filecoin, Sia, and other decentralized storage networks come with "technical friction."

Filebase aims to be a more user-friendly onramp to decentralized storage.

Though you wouldn’t know it by its tagline as a provider of “S3-compatible object storage powered by blockchain,” Filebase is out to un-complicate things for potential consumers of decentralized storage.

“We wanted to make it easy and scalable for anyone really with a credit card to sign up and try decentralized storage,” said COO Zac Cohen.

But there’s more than technical friction standing in the way of decentralized storage networks.

Two weeks ago, Peter Thiel accused China of using Bitcoin as a financial weapon.

Who knows how much Thiel’s argument led the Chinese government to re-evaluate its stance on digital assets?

To echo the Digital Yuan’s philosophy, Zhou emphasized that “it doesn’t matter whether one is using digital assets or digital currency in their digital wallet.

Xinjiang’s mining accident drags Bitcoin hashrate down by 21.5%A coal mine accident in Xinjiang has reportedly sent Bitcoin’s hashrate down by an order of magnitude.

China’s crypto community pulse checkVery few crypto articles could evoke as much sentimentality as Yang Li’s blog “Orangefans” (橙皮书).

In brief Real estate company WeWork is now accepting payment in Bitcoin through crypto payments service BitPay.

The company intends to hold any Bitcoin received rather than converting it into fiat currency.

Real estate company WeWork has become the latest in a string of companies to start accepting Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies through crypto payments provider BitPay.

Crypto exchange Coinbase will be the first customer to pay for its WeWork membership.

WeWork will accept Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), USD Coin (USDC), Paxos (PAX) and other cryptocurrencies.

In brief XRP holders have filed a motion claiming that the SEC does not represent their interests.

The community of investors, developers, and business owners claims that Ripple can't be relied on to defend their interests either.

The XRP community has filed a motion to intervene in Ripple’s fight with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), claiming that the regulator doesn’t represent its interest.

“The SEC has put the property of XRP Holders at the heart of this case and positions its interest at the complete opposite end of the spectrum from that of XRP Holders,” said the memorandum.

Ripple’s recent wins against the SECEmboldened by recent wins in the ongoing legal battle with …

Bitcoin’s monthly on-chain transaction volume hits record high in MarchThe monthly adjusted on-chain volume for Bitcoin was the highest it’s ever been in March.

March’s adjusted on-chain volume was $366.27 billion — up 14.7% from February’s previous all-time high of $319.3 billion.

March also marks the third consecutive month in which adjusted on-chain volume for Bitcoin reached record highs.

Listed Korean firm Gamevil to acquire $28M stake in local crypto exchange CoinoneSouth Korea-based publicly traded video game development company Gamevil is set to acquire a 13% stake in local crypto exchange Coinone for 31 billion won (around $28 million).

Coinone is the third-largest crypto exchange in South Korea by trading volumes, after UPbit and Bithumb.

As for Gamevil, it is one of the largest gaming companies in the country, having a market capitalization of around 355 billion won (around $320 million).

Bank of England and U.K. Treasury create CBDC task force with plans to launch CBDCThe Bank of England and Her Majesty's Treasury have jointly announced the creation of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) task force in an April 19 press release.

The U.K.'s digital currency will be used for businesses as well as households, complementing existing payment methods such as cash and deposits rather than replacing them.

Bitcoin ATM firm to install 8,000 more machines in 2021Bitcoin ATM firm Coin Cloud is planning to leverage the asset’s increasing demand by installing additional 8,000 machines worldwide by the end of 2021.

In an interview with a local news outlet News3lv.com, the firms’ founder Chris McAlary said Coin Cloud has already installed 2,000 machines globally.

UK hedge fund reportedly plans to invest $84M in cryptoBrevan Howard Asset Management is preparing to start investing in digital assets, becoming the latest money manager looking to exploit the boom in cryptocurrencies.

The firm led by Aron Landy will begin by investing up to 1.5% of its $5.6 billion main hedge fund in digital assets, according to a person with knowledge of the matter.

Turkish central bank to ban crypto payments for goods and services by end of AprilThe Turkish central bank has decided to ban crypto-related payments for goods and services by April 30.

The new regulation does not cover crypto transactions on exchanges or for investing in the new asset class.

Crypto trading continues to rise in the country as economic turmoil continues in Turkey.

Switzerland's largest insurance company Axa now accepts Bitcoin for paymentAxa, Switzerland's largest insurer, will let policyholders pay their premiums with bitcoin.

The move represents a milestone in the nascent industry's efforts to gain a foothold in traditional finance.

The French insurer's Swiss arm will begin accepting bitcoin as payment for premiums and other invoices, effective immediately, it said on Thursday.

Ark Funds buys $246M worth of Coinbase stock on debutThree funds at Cathie Wood’s Ark Investment Management bought shares of the biggest U.S. cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase Global Inc. on its highly anticipated trading debut Wednesday.

The flagship Ark Innovation ETF, Ark Fintech Innovation ETF and Ark Next Generation Internet ETF bought a combined 749,205 shares of Coinbase, according to data released by the funds in an email.

Based on Coinbase’s closing price of $328.28 per share, their stake is worth about $246 million.

VanEck launches new ETF to offer exposure to digital asset-focused companiesAsset manager VanEck has launched a new exchange-traded fund (ETF) on Nasdaq that aims to track companies working in the digital asset space or those that have exposure to the nascent asset class.

The ETF, dubbed Digital Transformation ETF, would provide exposure to various companies in the digital assets space, including crypto exchanges, miners, payment gateways, hardware, and technology providers.

Canadian Bitcoin ETF soars past $1B under managementNorth America's first bitcoin ETF has soared past the $1 billion assets under management mark.

The Purpose bitcoin ETF, ticker BTCC, is reaping rewards from being the first to launch in Canada.

US regulators are yet to approve an ETF, but major firms are vying to be the first to launch.

US Bitcoin mining company raises $14M for all-renewable energy miningGryphon is launching its all renewables mining venture at a time when bitcoin – and scrutiny over its energy consumption – are at all time highs.

Established in late summer of last year, Gryphon raised the undisclosed round to fund a 100% renewables mining venture.

Republican House leader says regulators shouldn't ignore bitcoin's growthThe Republican leader in the U.S. House of Representatives argued on Tuesday that regulators can't ignore bitcoin anymore.

In an interview with CNBC, Congressman Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) said the base behind Bitcoin is only going to continue to grow.

Time magazine to hold Bitcoin on its balance sheet and pay its president in BitcoinThe announcement was made by Grayscale CEO Michael Sonnenshein, who revealed that aside from beginning to hold Bitcoin on its balance sheet, the publication has also come to an agreement to start paying its president Keith Grossman in the popular cryptocurrency.

In addition, the two companies will also work together to release a series of educational videos this summer, hoping to teach more people about the relatively new technology.

Сервис, принадлежащий PayPal, разрешил клиентам покупать, хранить и продавать внутри мобильного приложения Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin и Bitcoin Cash.

Принадлежащий PayPal сервис мобильных платежей Venmo объявил о добавлении возможности покупки, продажи и хранения криптовалюты.

Его 70 млн клиентов получили доступ к четырем цифровым монетам — биткойну, Ethereum, Litecoin и Bitcoin Cash.

Минимальная сумма сделки — $1, транзакцию можно совершить при помощи средств на балансе в приложении либо через банковскую карту.

Пользователи, которые держат на своих кошельках биткойны, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash и Litecoin, получили возможность конвертировать их в фиатные валюты в момент покупки.

Опционы на ценные бумаги площадки будут запущены менее, чем через неделю после ее листинга.

Фондовая биржа NASDAQ 20 апреля запустит торги опционами на акции криптовалютной биржи Coinbase, пишет Reuters.

За несколько часов акции подорожали на 12,5%, до $429,5, но затем котировки начали снижаться и достигли локального минимума в $315.

По состоянию 10:40 МСК на 20 апреля на премаркете США ценные бумаги торгуются по $332.

Ранее стало известно, что топ-менеджеры и директора Coinbase в первый день торгов продали принадлежащие им акции криптобиржи на $3,6 млрд.

В блокчейне биткойна в понедельник был зафиксирован длиннейший интервал между добавлением двух блоков за недавнюю историю криптовалюты.

Поскольку большинство сервисов требует от 2 до 6 подтверждений для зачисления депозита BTC, это означает, что пользователям, отправившим свои транзакции в этом и предшествующих блоках, пришлось ждать дольше двух часов.

События разворачиваются на фоне снижения хешрейта биткойна, вызванного перебоями с подачей электричества майнерам в Китае.

За сутки время блока в сети биткойна составило 15 минут 29 секунд при целевом показателе в 10 минут.

Тогда может произойти рекордное снижение сложности, после чего время блока вернется к обычным 10 минутам.

Министр финансов Великобритании Риши Сунак предложил Банку Англии рассмотреть вопрос о создании «бриткойна».

Министр сообщил о создании новой рабочей группы Казначейства и Банка Англии, которая займется проработкой вопроса о создании цифровой валюты центрального банка (CBDC).

Регулятор подчеркнул, что окончательного решения о создании CBDC пока не принято.

Глава Банка Англии Эндрю Бейли ранее заявлял, что биткойн не может быть стабильным средством сбережений или эффективным инструментом для совершения транзакций.

По его мнению, главная криптовалюта непригодна для использования в качестве платежного инструмента и слишком рискованна для инвесторов.

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На прошедшей неделе биткойн показал значительную волатильность, особенно в сравнении с относительно спокойной консолидацией, в которую рынок вошел еще в конце февраля.

Однако этот подъем было недолгим: за ним последовала распродажа, на пике которой, в воскресенье, курс BTC упал на -20% до минимума в 52 829 долларов.

Проанализировав средний размер новых UTXO, созданных в сети, можно примерно оценить средний размер инвестиций новых участников.

Видно, что в фазе накопления в конце 2020 года медианное значение UTXO составляло около 1 млн сат.

По мере роста цены и числа субъектов сети медианное значение UTXO в сатоши снизилось в три раза, до 300–400 тыс.

Легендарный бразильский футболист Пеле сообщил в Twitter о создании своего первого невзаимозаменяемого токена (NFT), который будет представлен 2 мая на площадке Ethernity Chain.

Первая в мире цифровая карточка с Пеле создана художниками Kingsletter и Visual Lab, которые работают в сотрудничестве с Ethernity Chain.

Международная организация футбола (ФИФА) в 2000 году признала Пеле и еще одного бразильского футболиста — Диего Марадону лучшими футболистами ХХ века.

Футболист смог выиграть три Чемпионата мира в 1958, 1962 и 1970 годах в составе сборной Бразилии по футболу и завершил карьеру в 1977 году.

Ранее один из лучших игроков в истории американского футбола Том Брэди сообщил о планах запу…

21 апреля 16.00 по Москве состоится он-лайн сессия АМА с командой CasperLabs, разработавшей и успешно запустившей PoS-блокчейн, призванный ускорить внедрение блокчейн-технологий предприятиями.

Сеть Casper — это первый инновационный блокчейн на консенсусе proof-of-stake (PoS), построенный на основе спецификации Casper CBC.

Блокчейн Casper призван упростить процесс развертывания децентрализованных сервисов внутри предприятий.

В преддверии листинга токенов CSPR на криптобирже, намеченного на май 2021 года, команда CasperLabs проведен AMA-сессию, где расскажет о технических новшествах спецификации, на которой основан блокчейн Casper, и проведет розыгрыш 500 токенов CSPR.

В ходе мероприятия осно…

биткойнов после крупнейшего за последние несколько месяцев падения котировок.

Спустя 10 минут после падения котировок биткойна 18 апреля на 15% (с $60,4 тыс.

до $50,9 тыс) с криптовалютной биржи Binance было выведено 20,9 тыс.

Об этом сообщил IT-директор Moskovski Capital Лекс Московски в Twitter со ссылкой на данные аналитической компании Glassnode.

Тогда биткойн установил новый максимум стоимости, а затем подешевел на 21% (с $58,3 тыс.

Заместитель управляющего Народного банка Китая отметил, что стейблкойны, выпущенные частными компаниями, нуждаются в еще более строгом надзоре, чем главная криптовалюта.

Заместитель управляющего Народного банка Китая (НБК) Ли Бо во время выступления на Боаоском Азиатском форуме заявил, что биткойн и другие криптовалюты следует считать инвестиционным инструментом.

Также заместитель управляющего ЦБ Китая отметил, что стейблкойны, выпущенные частными компаниями, нуждаются в еще более строгом надзоре, чем биткойн.

По его словам, власти Китая изучают возможность изменения регулирования рынка цифровых денег, но пока они не планируют снимать действующие запреты в отношении криптовалют.

В сентябре …

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«B paмкax ceгoдняшнeгo внeceния SES в cпиcoк ocoбo выдeлeнныx гpaждaн и зaблoкиpoвaнныx лиц OFAC opгaнизaция тaкжe oпpeдeляeт aдpeca в цифpoвoй вaлютe, иcпoльзуeмыe SES для выпoлнeния зaкaзoв клиeнтoв, – гoвopитcя в cooбщeнии.

– Ha извecтныe aдpeca SES в цифpoв…

Комиссия сигнализирует о желании пользователя приобрести пространство блока, что позволяет транзакции быть обработанной и включенной в блок.

В своей основополагающей книге «Кому что достанется и почему» он утверждает, что для правильного функционирования рынка необходимо обеспечить по меньшей мере три фактора:Глубина рынка: достаточно большое количество потенциальных покупателей и продавцов для взаимодействия.

Это означает, что майнеры Ethereum обращают внимание не только на цену монеты, но также и на тренды цены газа.

Для майнеров пространство блока в будущем обладает меньшей временной ценностью из-за неопределенности в отношении цены монеты, сложности сети и размера комиссий.

Для пользова…

Лучший криптокошелёк для iOS (горячий):HODL WalletHodl Wallet доступен как на iOS, так и на Android, и позволяет без труда отправлять и получать биткойны.

Хотя это не идеальная аналогия, рассматривайте криптокошелёк как банковский счёт, на котором хранятся ваши деньги, и который вы можете использовать для отправки и получения средств.

Однако предназначены они не для использования на мобильном устройстве, а вместо этого устанавливаются на ПК.

Хотя, стоит отметить, что для доступа к данной функции вам всё же придётся пройти процедуру KYC.

Кроме того, Coinbase подконтрольна федеральному правительству или правительству штатов – они могут приказать заморозить ваши счета, особенно если вы не явля…

Компания Tether запустила стейблкоин USDT на базе Ethereum-решения Hermez Network, основанного на технологии масштабирования ZK-Rollups.

L2 is the path.

Proud of @Tether_to+ @bitfinex + @hermez_network to be first in line.

CEXs can offer 0 wd fee for all ERC20.

https://t.co/G0T5e792BJ— Paolo Ardoino (@paoloardoino) April 19, 2021

Платформа для создания децентрализованных приложений с повышенной конфиденциальностью Aleo привлекла $28 млн от Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) и других ведущих венчурных фирм.

Today, the Aleo team is proud to announce our $28M raise from industry-leading investors to build the first platform for fully private and decentralized applications.

We’re thrilled to work with our lead Series A investor @a16z and other first-class supporters.

Thread 👇(1/6) pic.twitter.com/Iwx8ybgVzq

Хакеры вывели около $6 млн из пулов ликвидности лендингового протокола EasyFi, использующего решения второго уровня от Matic Network (ныне Polygon).

CEO и основатель проекта Анкитт Гаур сообщил, что злоумышленники получили удаленный доступ к его компьютеру и завладели ключами от кошелька MetaMask.

3/3 a detailed investigation report to the incident and further action thereof.https://t.co/tLiS2zNT9W— Ankitt Gaur (@AnkittGaur) April 19, 2021

Позиционирующийся как первый биржевой протокол второго уровня Injective Protocol закрыл раунд финансирования на $10 млн. Об этом сообщает The Block со ссылкой на представителей DeFi-проекта. В раунде участвовали миллиардер Марк Кьюбан, Pantera Capital, BlockTower, Hashed Ventures, CMS Holdings и QCP Capital. Один из членов команды Мирза Уддин в комментарии изданию отметил, что речь идет о приватном токенсейле. По данным CoinMarketCap, на момент написания монета INJ торгуется у отметки $13. «Мы продали токены с локап-периодом в один год на сумму более $1 млрд», — заявил Уддин. Команда Injective Protocol направит привлеченные средства на улучшение платформы и расширение штата к 2022 году. «Кр…

Ажиотаж вокруг любимой монеты Илона Маска Dogecoin (DOGE) вызвал взлет цен на некоторые токены проектов-подражателей на тысячи процентов за последние две недели.

Operation Dogeday Part One pic.twitter.com/lpxjkKqbXTПользователи Twitter и Reddit объявили 20 апреля Днем Dogecoin.

Участники размещают мемы с собакой породы сиба-ину, символом токена, дополняя хештегами #DogeDay и #Doge420.

Акцию также поддержали производители шоколадных батончиков Snickers и Milky Way.

#DogeDay420 😎 (not an actual Snickers pack, just a cool #doge gif) pic.twitter.com/9GAeFsRJU9— SNICKERS (@SNICKERS) April 19, 2021

Криптобиржа Binance приостановила вывод Binance Coin (BNB) на фоне рекордной ончейн-активности и большой нагрузки на платформу.

По словам главы компании Чанпэна Чжао, число запросов пользователей на вывод BNB выросло в 10 раз по сравнению с показателями предыдущей недели.

Он подчеркнул, что команда Binance работает над решением проблемы.

We’re currently experiencing a 10x increase in #BNB withdrawal requests compared to last week.

Trust me, we are not against #ETH or #BNB.

Бывший председатель Комиссии по срочной биржевой торговле (CFTC) Кристофер Джанкарло присоединился к совету директоров криптолендинговой платформы BlockFi. Об этом сообщает The Block. Экс-глава CFTC поможет руководству компании в решении вопросов, касающихся нормативных изменений и дальнейшего развития проекта. «Критически важно подумать о том, как адаптировать и интегрировать инновации таким образом, чтобы они лучше всего служили инвесторам и экономике в целом», — заявил Джанкарло. Он руководил CFTC с 2017 по 2019 год. За это время регулятор одобрил торговлю биткоин-фьючерсами. После своей отставки Джанкарло возглавил некоммерческую организацию Digital Dollar Project, продвигающую идею вып…

Надежда Толоконникова из Pussy Riot купила NFT-ролик рэпера Хаски «Каша из топора» за 1,312 ETH (более $2800 на момент написания).

The post Рэпер Хаски продал NFT-рецепт каши из топора участнице Pussy Riot first appeared on ForkLog.

Поставщик гибких рабочих пространств WeWork добавит поддержку криптовалютных платежей в рамках партнерства с процессинговым сервисом BitPay.

#wework https://t.co/d3bvYITLA4Компания начнет принимать биткоин, Ethereum, стейблкоины USD Coin (USDC) и Paxos (PAX), а также «некоторые другие» криптовалюты.

Аналитик The Block Ларри Чермак указал на «большой сдвиг в настроениях» среди крупных компаний.

По его словам, в 2021 году объявляющие о поддержке платежей в криптоактивах фирмы фактически держат их на своем балансе.

Actually a big sentiment shift — first Tesla and now WeWork.

Управляющая активами фирма 3iQ получила от регуляторов разрешение на запуск биткоин-фонда, котирующегося на бирже Nasdaq Dubai. Об этом сообщает Reuters. Bitcoin Fund (QBTCu.TO), представленный также на Фондовой бирже Торонто, станет первым на Ближнем Востоке индексным финансовым инструментом на базе криптовалют. Глава 3iQ Фредерик Пай отметил, что объем активов под управлением фонда составляет примерно $1,5 млрд. Компания планирует удвоить этот показатель в 2022 году. «Идея заключается в том, что биткоин торгуется 24 часа в сутки, поэтому мы заинтересованы в выводе регулируемого продукта на рынок Дубая в его рабочие часы», — подчеркнул Пай. Листинг нового инструмента на Nasdaq Dubai ожидае…

Экс-глава Управления контролера денежного обращения (OCC) в составе Минфина США Брайан Брукс займет пост руководителя американского подразделения криптовалютной биржи Binance. Об этом сообщает Wall Street Journal. По данным издания, 1 мая Брукс сменит нынешнего CEO Binance US Кэтрин Коли. Останется ли она на другом посту или покинет компанию, не уточняется. Ранее Брукс занимал руководящую должность в Coinbase. Летом 2020 года Дональд Трамп назначил его главой OCC. Под управлением Брукса регулятор разрешил банкам хранить обеспечение стейблкоинов и ключи от криптовалютных кошельков от имени клиентов. OCC также предоставил финансовым учреждениям возможность использовать публичные блокчейны и с…

Принадлежащий PayPal мобильный платежный сервис Venmo добавил возможность покупки и продажи криптовалют. Об этом говорится в сообщении компании. Согласно заявлению, в течение следующих недель 77 млн пользователям Venmo станут доступны биткоин, Ethereum, Litecoin и Bitcoin Cash. Минимальная сумма покупки — $1. «Пользователи получат возможность торговать криптовалютой, используя средства со своего баланса в Venmo, привязанного банковского счета или дебетовой карты», — говорится в пресс-релизе. Партнером выступила компания Paxos. В июле 2020 года стало известно, что платежный гигант выбрал ее для управления активами. Venmo также добавил пакет обучающих материалов о криптовалютах. Напомним, в н…

Более 70 американских правозащитных групп призвали правительство США прекратить использовать программное обеспечение для распознавания лиц Clearview AI. Совместное письмо коалиция направила в Министерство внутренней безопасности и Белый дом.

The post Правозащитники призвали Байдена отказаться от использования Clearview AI first appeared on ForkLog.

Управляющая сетью пиццерий Domino’s Pizza в Индии компания Jubilant Foodworks предположительно подверглась хакерской атаке.

Неизвестный злоумышленник якобы похитил номера телефонов и данные кредитных карт клиентов.

Представители Jubilant FoodWorks в комментарии изданию подтвердили нарушение безопасности, но опровергли утечку.

Неизвестный заявил, что взломал Domino’s India и похитил конфиденциальные данные объемом 13 ТБ.

Threat actor claiming to have hacked Domino's India ( @dominos ) and stealing 13TB worth of data.

Материал подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿.За 11 лет существования Биткоин громко заявил о себе. Кто-то называет его новой революционной технологией, кто-то — деньгами будущего. Но суть в том, что он уже кардинально изменил жизни тысяч людей. У Биткоина появилось огромное количество как приверженцев, так и противников. Сотни раз его не только обрекали на смерть, но и распространяли множество мифов с целью поставить под сомнение как способность Биткоина к процветанию, так и целесообразность продолжения работы над протоколом.Целью данного материала является краткий пошаговый ответ на каждое из данных заблуждений с предоставлением ссылок на более детальные исследования по актуальным на сегодняшни…

Перевод материала Coldcard 101 подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Coldcard — это аппаратный кошелек, разработанный командой Coinkite. Аппаратный кошелек — это устройство, основной целью которого является защита приватных ключей пользователя.Любой, у кого есть доступ к вашим приватным ключам, может потратить все биткоины, хранящиеся в этом кошельке, поэтому переоценить значимость безопасного хранения приватных ключей невозможно. Coldcard использует ряд механизмов и уникальных функций с целью обеспечения безопасности ваших биткоинов на высшем уровне. Coldcard не поставляется с собственным приложением или дополнительным программным обеспечением. Выбор ПО для работы с кошельком является исключительн…

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

This episode is brought to you by RSK, the Bitcoin-based smart contract platform leading the DeFi for Bitcoin revolution.

RSK is a secure smart-contract platform that enables decentralized applications secured by the Bitcoin Network to empower people and improve the quality of life of millions.

The platform incorporates a Turing Complete Virtual Machine to Bitcoin.

RSK believes that new use cases are necessary in order for Bitcoin to become the leading global cryptocurrency, and that adding smart-contract capabilities is key to secure that future.

Visit rsk.co/openfinance to find out how you can put your Bitcoin to work.

The ability to move Bitcoin on other chains isn’t a new idea, and many are trying to overcome the technical limitations which make this a technically challenging feat.

The latest representation of Bitcoin on Ethereum is tBTC, a fully-backed ERC-20 token representing bitcoin collateral.

tBTC is fully decentralized and relies on Keep Network, a decentralized multi-party computation which enables cross-chain bridging.

We were joined by Matt Luongo, CEO of Thesis (the team behind tBTC and Keep Network) to chat about the tBTC technology, his vision for the future of interoperability and value propositions of different chains.

1inch Exchange is a DEX aggregator routing cryptocurrency purchases through different DEXs to reduce slippage and get a better conversion rate for the user compared with just using a single DEX.

The platform launched its governance token, 1INCH, in December 2020.

We were joined by Co-founder of 1inch Sergej Kunz to chat about how 1inch works, how the 1INCH token provides liquidity to their liquidity platform, its integration with platforms such as Uniswap, and the roadmap from here.

Zubin Koticha, CEO & Co-founder of Opyn, joined us again on the show to give us an update on Opyn v2.

Opyn v1 was focused on insurance.

Its successor, Opyn v2, offers a more traditional options infrastructure.

We discuss the problems of building trustless options infrastructure: choice of collateral, partial collateralization and efficient trading mechanisms for options.

Liquity is a decentralized borrowing protocol that allows you to draw interest-free loans against Ether used as collateral. In addition to the collateral, the loans are secured by a Stability Pool containing LUSD and by fellow borrowers collectively acting as guarantors of last resort. Liquity as a protocol is non-custodial, immutable, and governance-free.We were joined by Robert Lauko, CEO & Co-founder, and Kolten Bergeron, Head of Growth, of Liquity. We chatted about how the protocol is built and the mechanisms used, how to borrow, and the stability pool and liquidations.Topics covered in this episode:Robert and Kolten's backgrounds and how they got into cryptoWhat led Robert to create Li…

Most of my projects, in white, they don’t actually show anything and just go to simplicity.

It’s actually DeFi that will be controlled by a centralized entity pretending to run a DeFi solution or maybe getting involved in blockchain.

I think that’s a sneaky move from them because they will, they are very likely to succeed.

I want to force myself to remind myself when I’m actually getting into this article as if I’m from the future.

This is an example of most of the staking as a service, they don’t actually support the vision of decentralization.

NFTs are a new paradigm that opens possibilities for new types of interactions. In digital art, it has caught on like wildfire and is transforming how people think of ownership. Alex Salnikov has been immersed in the crypto world for many years and recognized the potential of NFTs. He created Rarible, an NFT marketplace that has seen rapid growth. But the vision of Rarible is to be more an open transaction protocol for NFTs and serve many different markets.He joined us to discuss the different NFT use cases and how NFTs can scale and function in a multi-chain world. It's a great conversation at the unfolding of a new paradigm.Topics covered in this episode:Alex's background and how he got i…

He started his entrepreneurial career building websites and selling hardware technologies at age 14.

Today he is involved with many projects including Stake Capital, Rekt, Curve Finance, and he advises several crypto companies.

Julien strives to bring to light the dark side of crypto.

As DeFi grows, so do the number of questionable projects and ethical concerns around certain practices.

Julien joins us to talk about the excesses in the DeFi space and how the ecosystem should cope with them.

Namebase is a top-level domain (TLD) name registrar that operates on the Handshake blockchain.

It creates an ecosystem of TLDs that may be bought and sold using an on-chain auction mechanism.

It takes a different approach to other decentralized domain name systems as Namebase is compatible with the ICANN namespace, the organization governs domain names globally.

Users may register TLDs that don’t yet exist in the ICANN namespace, like .epicenter or .ethereum, for example, creating the opportunity for new niche domain registrars to emerge.

Tieshun Roquerre, CEO of Namebase, joins us to discuss his vision for Namebase and his ambitious goal to decentralize ICANN.

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Radicle is a decentralized platform for code collaboration. It's built on Git and is an open-source decentralized alternative to platforms like GitHub. Tools like Radicle are an essential component of the decentralized technology stack and will enable DAOs to commit code through governance. Co-founders Alexis Sellier & Eleftherios Diakomichalis joined us to chat about why they felt it was important to create Radicle and how it fits into the DAO ecosystem with a more accessible governance system of code.Topics covered in this episode:- What Radicle is and the vision they are pursuing- After both working on Soundcloud, the lessons that were carried over to this project- The Cathedral vs Bazaa…

He is the project lead and co-founder of Ethereum Push Notification Service.

That led me to start an Ethereum Push Notification Service in 2020.

Sunny: Before you actually got to start a push notification service, what kinds of things were you building with solidity?

Harsh: Let’s take a step back and let’s talk about the Apple push notification service and how they usually operate.

There’s Apple middleware that handles Apple push notification service and the app owners have to interact with this middleware.

Aaron Wright is a professor at Cardozo Law School and Co-founder of OpenLaw. Before this he was a successful entrepreneur, having sold his first company to Wikia - the for-profit version of Wikipedia. Today Aaron is a renowned thought-leader in the blockchain space at the forefront of DAOs. Last year OpenLaw launched The LAO, a DAO on Ethereum for investors looking to earn returns on Ethereum-based projects.Aaron joins us to share his expert legal knowledge on all things DAO, and discuss his latest projects the LAO and Flamingo DAO.Topics covered in this episode:Aaron's background and how he got into blockchain and the DAO spaceThe early vision for DAOsStakeholder participation in DAOsWrapp…

During the DeFi Summer of 2020, YAM Finance launched with a bang, and had its share of ups and downs within its first couple of days. It started out as an experiment to bring together some of the more innovative ideas in the space. It sparked a movement which brought massive attention to yield farming, and started the food token craze. After a bug was discovered in the v1 contract, many thought the project was dead. But no, the team and community have been working diligently to bring the protocol back to life and it's now a community-run DAO innovating at the intersection of decentralized governance and programmable finance.Trent Elmore is one of the creators of YAM. He joins us to talk abo…

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Click to download audio versionJoin Adam B. Levine, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Jonathan Mohan for another wide-ranging discussion on the messy reality in which bitcoin and blockchains intersect real life.

Note: We're changing up our distribution as we get ready for our next marathon of growth!

subscribe to the show-only subscriber feed today to make sure you don't miss any episodes.

On this episode we discuss the significance of a recent, seemingly innocuous letter released by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency...

Shownotes:Caitlin's twitter thread https://twitter.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1286226852244160512Preston's twitter thread https://twitter.com/prestonjby…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of a major Twitter compromise that impacted a broad swathe of the largest, most influential accounts, join Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Adam B. Levine for a dive into the crazy series of events, what impact it has on bitcoin, decentralization and more.

Views: 2,937

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 25: Unprecedented: Rules Without RulersAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

He has published “The Internet of Money” series of books, which focus on the social, political, and economic importance and implications of these technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses the word of the season, unprecedented.

Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented job losses, unprecedented incompetence.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

In an interview I moderated at Real Vision’s “Crypto Gathering,” Peter L Brandt, veteran trader and publisher of the Factor Report, and Willy Woo, prominent on-chain Bitcoin analyst and author of the “The Bitcoin Forecast,” a market intelligence newsletter, discuss Bitcoin charts, trading, and how Bitcoin is evolving as an asset.

They cover:why Peter believes that, with Bitcoin, we are watching history in the making and what a “parabolic advance” has to do with that belief (2:02)the differences in trading Bitcoin, which trades 24/7/365, in comparison to a normal asset — like a stock or commodity (6:36 )Willy’s price target for the top of this bull run (8:37)why Willy thinks there is a Bitco…

Mark Cuban — billionaire investor, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, and Shark Tank “shark” — shares his thoughts on the Ethereum vs. BTC debate, issues with DeFi, and how NFTs[...]

The post Mark Cuban on Why He Thinks ETH Is a Better Store of Value Than Bitcoin appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Olta Andoni, fintech and IP Attorney at Zlatkin Wong and adjunct professor at Chicago Kent College of Law, Tonya Evans, visiting Full Professor of Law at Penn State Dickinson Law School and host of the podcast Tech Intersect, and Stuart Levi, co-head of the Intellectual Property and Technology practice at Skadden Arps and coordinator of the firm’s Blockchain and Digital Asset practice, break down the legal issues surrounding NFTs.

In this episode, they discuss:how the law looks at non-fungible tokens (1:25)why owning an NFT is different from owning the rights to the underlying asset making up the NFT (3:12)problems that blockchain solves for creators (5:09)how corporations (aka content inte…

Ric Edelman, founder of Edelman Financial Engines, and Matthew Kolesky, president at Arbor Capital, discuss the state of Bitcoin adoption amongst financial advisors, who control $5 trillion in investor wealth.

Not only did I realize that, I realized something else: the vast majority of financial advisors don’t understand this.

And so we’re launching our certificate in blockchain and digital assets, a 10 module online self study course for financial advisors.

So there’s no unbiased, purely educational resource designed by financial advisors for financial advisors.

I did want to say this, and I feel really, really passionate about it: this is not a zero-sum game.

PLUS: More takes on “WTF is an NFT?” There is something fitting about Bitcoin crossing $60k for the first time on March 13, 2021, a year and one day after[...]

The post 3 Publicly Traded Crypto Exchanges? appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Jamie Burke, CEO of Outlier Ventures, and Mason Nystrom, a research analyst at Messari, discuss the NFT craze that has enveloped the crypto world over the past few weeks.

In this episode, they talk about:their backgrounds, and how they became involved in crypto (1:19)the major catalysts — specifically Beeple and NBA Top Shot — that have brought NFTs into the mainstream (5:29)why NFTs are a “megatrend” and not just another ICO-like bubble (13:35)how to explain non-fungible tokens to normies (18:06)what someone is actually purchasing when they buy an NFT (24:46)the reasons behind NBA Top Shot’s success and why it is so difficult to withdraw money from its platform (36:27)the best way to scale…

Antonio Juliano, founder of the decentralized exchange dYdX, and Eli Ben-Sasson, cofounder of StarkWare, discuss the recent launch of dYdX on Ethereum layer 2 using StarkWare’s scaling technology.

So first of all, the level of scalability that they’re able to provide is really, really high.

Like, it’s really hard problems, but that’s how we’re really going to realize the long-term vision of what we’re building.

We’re really, really excited about this.

To learn more about Antonio, Eli, dYdX, and StarkWare check out the show notes for this episode.

Caitlin Long, founder and CEO of Avanti Financial Group, talks about the issues plaguing the current state of technology in traditional finance and how her background as a 22-year Wall[...]

The post Caitlin Long: Why Avanti Will Be a New Kind of Crypto Bank appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

I know that kind of shocks everybody, but you don’t really know who owns what when.

I think you’re going to see a lot more exciting things from them in pretty short order.

You have a too-big-to-fail intermediary in the middle, and suddenly, like, things really just become…the plumbing just gums it all up.

You know, you’re really not then.

So, you know, you’re going to have to keep building on a regulatory stack.

Stani Kulechov, founder and CEO of Aave, comes onto the show to discuss the lending protocol and second-biggest DeFi project by total value locked.

Laura Shin:Today’s guest is Stani Kulechov, founder and CEO of Aave.

Stani Kulechov:Yeah, so Version 2 is like by itself the protocol we made a lot of savings in the gas cost.

The example where we thought that there was $30 million will be in Aave protocol and then there’s billions, it just shows how high the stakes are.

To learn more about Stani and Aave, check out the show notes for this episode.

Lyn Alden, CEO and founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategies, and Raoul Pal, CEO & cofounder of Real Vision Group & Global Macro Investor, explain their thinking about Ethereum and[...]

The post Lyn Alden and Raoul Pal: Is Ethereum a Good Investment? appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

In this episode, Shehan Chandrasekara, head of strategy at CoinTracker, and Dan Hannum COO at Zen Ledger, take a deep dive into the world of crypto taxes.

Over an hour and fifteen minutes they tackle a bevy of topics ranging from why the IRS is asking about your crypto history to explaining the proper way of reporting yield farming income.

Shehan and Dan give up their hard-earned tax secrets and tips learned through building their respective cutting-edge crypto tax software.

Crypto.com: http://crypto.comEpisode links:GuestsSoftwareAccountingRegulatory research:2014 IRS Tax Guidance: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdfIRS Virtual Currency page: https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-b…

Michael Saylor, CEO and founder of Microstrategy, explains how he decided the publicly traded business data firm needed to put its excess cash in bitcoin and what happened afterward.

In this episode, we discuss:why Microstrategy decided to buy Bitcoin, and how the pandemic spurred thatwhether his previous experience with Microstrategy stock imploding after accounting irregularities were revealed had any bearing on the company’s decision to buy bitcointhe reactions of the officers and board members to his suggestion to invest in bitcoinwhy they put all the excess cash into bitcoin as opposed to some percentagewhat parts of the bitcoin industry could be improved to better serve corporate inte…

Stephen Palley, partner at Anderson Kill.

and Gabriel Shapiro, partner at BSV Law, discuss the SEC’s lawsuit against Ripple and two executives, Chris Larsen and Bard Garlinghouse.

In this episode, they explain:what was so “egregious” that the SEC went after two executives, Chris Larsen and Brad Garlinghouse, were chargedwhy their sales showed an information asymmetry, and why that matterswhy the complaint comes close to being a fraud case, but why the SEC didn’t charge them with fraudwhy the idea that XRP is a currency and therefore cannot be a security will likely not flywhy it’s unlikely the case will go to the Supreme Courtthe SEC’s case for why XRP is a security, and Ripple’s role in it…

About this EpisodeIn today’s episode, Anna chats with Alex Gluchowski, CEO at Matter Labs and co-creator of zkSync, to catch up on Matter Labs’s latest developments in extending Ethereum’s capabilities with zk proofs.

Alex explains the recent progress in porting Solidity to a zkRollup and how that interacts with the Zinc language and zk proof circuits.

They then move on to discussing Ethereum scalability with a deep dive on rollup architecture and the upcoming zkPorter, a solution for sharded zkRollups that’s being developed by Matter Labs.

Then make sure to check out the ZK Jobs Fair on April 22!

Check out the ZK Jobs Fair application form if you are interested in participating to the even…

About this EpisodeIn today’s episode, Anna and James chat with three representatives of the Cosmos ecosystem — Zaki Manian, Tess Rinearson and Shahan Khatchadourian — to learn all about its recent milestone upgrade, Stargate.

First up is Zaki Manian, co-founder of Iqlusion and Sommelier Finance, who sets the stage for what Stargate achieved and why the upgrade was the most comprehensive and complex yet for Cosmos.

Next is Tess Rinearson, VP of Engineering at Interchain, who recounted her deep involvement in the Stargate upgrade with an almost hour-by-hour replay.

Finally comes Shahan Khatchadourian, Cosmos Hub lead, who talks about his recent transition from the Ethereum ecosystem and how S…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna & Tarun take an in-depth look into AMMs with Guillermo Angeris, a PhD student in Stanford who co-authored a number of papers on fundamental AMM properties.

They chat about how his work on Optimization Theory and Inverse Design can be applied to a DeFi context, as well as his most recent paper deals with privacy in AMMs, effectively demonstrating how superficial attempts at making a private AMM are doomed.

During the conversation, Anna, Tarun and Guillermo chat about why AMMs today are so revolutionary and unique in the financial world, and why their success can be explained by optimization theory and convexity.

But AMMs also have a number of shortcomings li…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna has a one-on-one chat with Alex Ozdemir, a PhD student at Stanford researching formal methods, cryptography and distributed systems.

He is one of the main developers of CirC, an infrastructure framework for building zero knowledge languages.

In their conversation, Alex and Anna take a bird’s eye view of the current landscape of zk languages and libraries.

Here, the race is still on as a number of academic and business-oriented teams grapple with limitations to memory access & performance given by zero knowledge proving systems.

Gitcoin is the easiest and most effective way to support Zero Knowledge and help us produce great content every week.

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna goes on a grand tour of the Polkadot ecosystem ahead of the launch of Parachains.

In this multi-interview episode, she explores the Polkadot ecosystem, how teams are interacting with the existing tech stacks, what they are looking forward to, and how these networks may evolve in the future once Parachains go live.

The first speaker is Fabian Gompf, VP at Parity, who explains what’s going on with parachain auctions, how Parity views its role in the Polkadot ecosystem, and how prospective builders can be rewarded.

Then comes Derek Yoo from Moonbeam, who talks about the project’s ambitions and challenges as an “Ethereum on Polkadot” parachain.

Gav…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna and Tarun talk with Simon Peffers and Kelly Olson from Supranational, a startup focused on building specialised software and hardware for advanced cryptographic computation.

Simon and Kelly talk about their recent work helping out the Ethereum Foundation with VDFs, as well as building a better SNARK algorithm for Protocol Labs’ Filecoin.

They cover how specialised chips can push the boundaries of computation in a post-Moore’s law world, how hardware specialised for zero knowledge is optimised, and the challenges of building ASIC chips today.

Here are a few links to set the stage about what they discussed:Zero Knowledge episode 103, Exploring VD…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna and [Robert Habermeier]https://twitter.com/rphmeier) chat with Pratyush Mishra, co-author of the Arkworks toolkit.

Arkworks is a collection of Rust libraries designed to simplify development with SNARKs, both for developing high-level application circuits and building custom SNARK implementations.

Pratyush lays out what possibilities and trade-offs Arkworks offers, diving into the details of the Rust implementation and why it is the best language for developing cryptographic primitives.

Anna, Rob and Pratyush then branch out into the philosophical and practical questions of open-sourcetq and blockchain development.

Bellman and Libsnark, some of…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna and James Prestwich chat with Phil Daian and Stephane Gosselin from the Flashbots project.

Flashbots is a research and development organization formed to mitigate the negative externalities and existential risks posed by miner-extractable value (MEV) to smart-contract blockchainsThey talk about the Flashbots organization and mission as well as the evolving opportunities and dangers lurking in the mempool.

Grab your free spot here -> https://hopin.com/events/zksessions-defi-and-privacyThank you to this week’s sponsor Optimism PBC.

Optimism PBC is a Public Benefit Corporation (PBC) building the Optimistic Ethereum Network and the Optimistic Virtu…

They discuss their respective works, and explore the new ways in which creators & influencers can engage with Blockchain tech and NFTs.

or they can also act as borrowers to borrow in an overcollateralized way or undercollateralised way (think: one-block liquidity Flash Loan).

Aave is decentralised and community-governed and has an ecosystem grants program for anyone building anything that contributes to Aave!

DeFi-staked NFT collectibles game Aavegotchi originated as an Aave ecosystem grant.

To learn more about the grant program visit aave.com and find the link to apply for the Aave grants program here!

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna & Josh Cincinnati chat with Peter Van Valkenburgh, Director of Research at Coin Center.

Coin Center is a non-profit research and advocacy group focused on the public policy issues facing cryptocurrency and decentralized computing technologies.

Stargate is the largest Cosmos upgrade yet, enabling blockchains to connect with each other using the first standardized protocol for inter-blockchain communication (IBC).

If you want to apply to the Interchain Foundation Grants program, here is the link: apply.interchain.ioDeadline for this round is February 14th.

*If you like what we do: *Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramCatch u…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Tarun chat with Stani Kulechov, co-founder of Aave, about the origin and evolution of the project, the changing DeFi landscape, collateralized debt in crypto, Flashloans, Flashminting, Credit Delegation and the future of DeFi.

We have discussed Flashloans on the show before see this previous episode:https://www.zeroknowledge.fm/118Thank you to this week’s sponsor Hermez Protocol!

Designed for high-frequency tokens, Hermez is a zk rollup which leverages zk-SNARKs for validity proofs and with on-chain data availability.

After passing two security audits, Hermez is running a bug bounty program, offering up to 100 ETH to whoever discovers any critical vulne…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest co-host James Prestwich chat with David Vorick from Skynet Labs about the scope and goals of the Skynet project.

They discuss the journey from earlier work on Sia & distributed data to Skynet, SkyDB, and their idea for Recursive Content Monetization - a new model to pay online creators and content owners.

They also chat about the SkyFeed project - a decentralised Twitter like project.

Aave Protocol is an open source and non-custodial protocol where users can earn interest on deposits and borrow assetsAave Protocol also features access to innovative DeFi building blocks like Flash Loans.

-https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin Grant…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with guests Tarun Chitra (Gauntlet & Robot Ventures), James Prestwich (cLabs) and Josh Cincinnati (previously Zcash Foundation).

Throughout this conversation, they touch on topics like the state of zero knowledge applications, blockchain technology, privacy and DeFi.

They also explore what we can expect in the near future.

Here are a few of the papers and links we mention in the show:If you like what we do:

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Fredrik do a look back at 2020 and chat about some of their favourite ZKPodcast episodes and themes from this past year.

Some of the 2020 episodes discussed:Some of the projects that had previously been on the zkPodcast that launched or were announced this year:Zk-projects:L1s:Thanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

Least Authority is a security consulting company known for their dedication to pushing the limits on how to build privacy-respecting solutions.

They are a team of security researchers, open source developers, privacy advocates, cryptographers who specialize in security audits, design specification reviews, and security-by-design.

Join their m…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

00:09:12 Глава 1: Десять главных трендов на 2021 00:32:33 Глава 2: Десять людей, за которыми нужно сделить в 2021 00:41:43 Глава 3: Десять инвестиционных идей на 2021 00:50:52 Глава 4: Десять трендов для Биткоина и crypto monies 01:12:44 Глава 5: Десять трендов для Ethereum 01:33:26 Продолжение следует!

Ссылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Lend at Hodl Hodl это некастодиальная P2P платформа биткоин займов, где вы можете занимать и одалживать у других пользователей на любой срок и сумму под залог Биткоина.

На Lend at Hodl Hodl вы зарабатываете проце…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Вадим Нестеренко — продакт-менеджер в компании Atomica.

Вадим рассказал нам, кто такой продакт-менеджер, каковы особенности его работы в блокчейн-стартапе и какие продукты лучшие на сегодняшнем крипторынке.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

и спонсоров: , , !

а также майнинг и proof-of-stakeСсылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

HodlHodl Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсуждаем перспективы биткоина в Африке, вопросы верификации и KYC, а также удивительную экономику трансграничных переводов при помощи подарочных карт.

18:30 поддержка альтернативных криптовалют21:50 почему Paxful фокусируется на Африке?

30:20 благотворительные проекты Paxful в Африке35:10 экономика подарочных карт: как африканские мигранты в США переводят деньги на родину?

1:15:00 микрокредиты на Paxful?

1:30:20 приходите работать в Paxful!

Алексей – соавтор DeFi-протоколов Neutrino и Gravity, являющихся альтернативой широко известному проекту MakerDAO, но в экосистеме Waves.

На экосистеме различие не заканчивается: во-первых, сама суть того, за счёт чего обеспечивается стабильность токена, в Neutrino несколько иная; во-вторых, есть много позитивных моментов в том, что протокол разрабатывается на Тьюринг-неполном языке RIDE.

Об этих различиях, а также о планах проекта мы поговорили в выпуске.

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Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Today, we're revealing the Blockstream Mining Note, a security token that expands exposure to Bitcoin mining to even more investors. By packaging mining in a tradable token, the BMN allows investors more flexibility than a traditional investment in physical mining infrastructure.

Blockstream Mining eliminated many of these challenges by providing an end-to-end Bitcoin mining colocation service that has helped many institutions get their Bitcoin mines online as quickly and painlessly as possible.

And today, we’re taking this one step further with the launch of the Blockstream Mining Note, a security token that expands exposure to Bitcoin mining to even more investors.

Bitcoin Mining in a Tradable TokenThe BMN provides non-US qualified investors access to hashrate generated at Blockstream’s mining facilities.

By packaging mining in a tradable token, the BMN allows investors more flexibility than a traditional investment in physical mining infrastructure—investor…

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

We’re currently testing the experimental Liquid+ plugin on the Blockstream Store.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re holding a giveaway for the Blockstream Store!

We have two exciting announcements today, a new BTCPay plugin and WooCommerce upgrades to provide new Liquid functionality for merchants!

Liquid+ BTCPay pluginWe’ve previously worked with the BTCPay team to bring Liquid Network support and P2EP-based privacy improvements to users of BTCPay.

Today we’re happy to share that Andrew Camilleri (Kukks)from the BTCPay team has developed a plugin called Liquid+ that allows merchants to enjoy extended Liquid support.

WooCommerce UpgradesWe sponsored web developer ndeet to work on upgrades for the BTCPay Server WooCommerce integration plugin that would leverage the power of the Liquid+ plugin.

Blockstream Store PromotionsSo to celebrate, we’re …

By providing controllable energy demand, Bitcoin maximizes existing energy production.

Boosting Energy EfficiencyAnywhere in the world, power grid demand is highly variable, with demand rising and falling through the day.

By dynamically balancing energy demand through Bitcoin mining, Blockstream enables greater scale and significantly improves the economics of renewable energy projects.

Working with Energy GiantsSeetee and its parent Aker have extensive renewable energy assets around the world.

Get InvolvedIf you would like to explore ways of integrating Bitcoin mining with your business, get in touch with our team.

We’re excited to reveal that we’re now working with Galaxy Digital for the hosting of its Bitcoin mining operation in North America.

Galaxy Digital has deployed its Bitcoin mining hardware across Blockstream’s facilities in the USA and Canada.

Following the initial installation, Galaxy Digital plans to expand the mining operation throughout 2021 to keep up with the fast-growing demand for Bitcoin worldwide.

Galaxy put us through some rigorous due diligence before committing, but this helped validate our enterprise-first approach to Bitcoin mining services.

We’ve got a lot more exciting Bitcoin mining news coming over the next few months, so watch this space!

The Encrypted BlobUsing changes added in GDK 0.0.39, we’ve added support for end-to-end encrypted client data—the “encrypted blob.” Your transaction notes and account names are stored in the blob, securely encrypted and protected from external changes.

Since your data is encrypted with your recovery phrase, the Blockstream Green servers cannot know what’s inside it.

If you’ve activated your two-factor reset, your wallet will not start using the encrypted blob until after the waiting period expires.

Today’s Blockstream Green update is part of an ongoing effort to increase privacy and reduce trust requirements for our users.

We want to communicate these changes to you since not …

Gitcoin Grants Round 7 RetrospectiveRound 7 of Gitcoin Grants has successfully completed!

This is a significant milestone for the ecosystem because it shows that Gitcoin Grants is expanding beyond reliance on a very small number of funders, and is moving toward something more sustainable.

The concept of categories as it is currently implemented in Gitcoin Grants is a somewhat strange one.

ZK rollups for scalabilityFinally, Round 7 was the first round where Gitcoin Grants experimented with using the ZkSync ZK rollup to decrease fees for payments:The main thing to report here is simply that the ZK rollup successfully did decrease fees!

ConclusionsRound 7 has been a pivotal round for Gitcoin G…

In the rest of this post, we'll use "collusion" to refer to "undesired coordination" generally.

From the point of view of someone determining the rules for the voting mechanism, they don't know ahead of time whether the Orange Party is good or bad.

If a group makes a bad decision, those who approved the decision must suffer more than those who attempted to dissent.

Different coordination structures, different outcomesSometimes, more coordination is good: it's better when people can work together to collectively solve their problems.

Of course, it is very difficult to prevent communication outright, and it is very difficult to make coordination perfect.

If we want to make practical moves toward trust minimization, we want to have the ability to compare different degrees of trust.

First, my simple one-sentence definition of trust: trust is the use of any assumptions about the behavior of other people.

Not growing your own food is another kind of trust: trust that enough people will realize that it's in their interests to grow food so they can sell it to you.

You can trust different sizes of groups of people, and there are different kinds of trust.

DPOS): N/2 of small-N trust for liveness, N/2 of big-N trust for safety(assuming semi-decentralized operator, eg.

● Taproot activation discussion: since our last update on discussion about activation methods for the taproot soft fork in Newsletter #139, the Speedy Trial proposal became the focus of attention among those interested in activation.

To also use MTP for the time when nodes stop counting block signaling for a soft fork that hasn’t locked in yet.

However, in a difference from BIP9, the MTP stop time is only checked at the end of retarget periods where counting was performed.

Even though height may differ on those networks, they can all use a minimum activation height of 0 to activate within the window defined by MTP.

We hope this momentum to activate taproot continues and we’ll be able to rep…

This week’s newsletter contains our regular sections with announcements of new releases and release candidates, plus notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Please consider upgrading to new releases or helping to test release candidates.

● BTCPay 1.0.7.2 fixes minor issues discovered after last week’s security release.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Rust Bitcoin, BTCPay Server, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

● Paper on probabilistic path selection: René Pickhardt posted to the Lightning-Dev mailing list a paper he co-authored with Sergei Tikhomirov, Alex Biryukov, and Mariusz Nowostawski.

The paper models a network of channels having a uniform distribution of balances within their respective channel capacity.

The paper uses its conclusions to provide a routing algorithm that it claims can reduce payment retry attempts by 20% compared to their simplification of existing routing algorithms.

The new algorithm prefers routes with a higher computed probability of success, whereas existing algorithms use a heuristic approach.

The algorithm was tested against several example networks, including one dr…

This doesn’t prevent payment batching from being useful, although it does reduce its effectiveness.

In the second step, the service spends from one of its consolidated inputs using payment batching and achieves the best-case efficiency described above.

In addition to payment batching directly providing a fee savings, batching also uses the limited block space more efficiently by reducing the number of vbytes per payment.

ConcernsThe fee-reduction benefits of payment batching do create tradeoffs and concerns that you will need to address when using the technique.

ImplementationPayment batching is extremely easy using certain existing wallet implementations, such as using Bitcoin Core’s sendm…

Last week, Jeremy Rubin posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a description of a technique to accomplish delegation using Bitcoin today.

The Bitcoin software used this by default when the public key material could be handled entirely by software.

Public keys in the original Bitcoin implementation were 65 bytes, but address hashes were only 20 bytes.

Additionally, discussion participants pointed out that anyone who shares their individual public keys or BIP32 extended public keys (xpubs) with third parties would also be at risk from a powerful QC if their public keys leaked.

However, a user who prepares ahead when creating their taproot address can also spend bitcoins received to that addre…

● Rescuing lost LN funding transactions: LN funding transactions are not safe in the presence of transaction malleability.

If a txid mutation happens, then the pre-signed refund transaction is not valid, so the user can’t get their funds back.

Additionally, the remote node may not automatically see the funding transaction and so may not be able to help the funder get their money back.

Christian Decker also posted a proposed change to the LN specification to help facilitate funding recovery efforts.

C-Lightning as described in Newsletter #51 and LND in Newsletter #92), developers may want to give this type of failure scenarios more attention.

● Taproot activation discussion: the previous weeks’ discussions about activation saw different groups of people opposing either BIP8 LockinOnTimeout=true ( LOT=true ) or LOT=false , so most discussion on the mailing list this week focused on alternative activation mechanisms.

See also Anthony Town’s proposal from last year described in Newsletter #107.

A draft implementation for this proposal based on Bitcoin Core’s existing BIP9 implementation was also written by Anthony Towns.

Using times would result in the smallest and easiest to review patch to Bitcoin Core.

Using heights would provide a bit more predictability, especially for miners, and would be compatible with other attempts using …

Voegtlin wants to be able to prove that the address he paid was actually the address provided to him by the receiver (e.g.

● Fraud proofs in the v0 Discreet Log Contract (DLC) specification: Thibaut Le Guilly started a discussion on the DLC-dev mailing list about the goal to include fraud proofs in the version 0 DLC coordination specification.

Two types of fraud were discussed:● Equivocation: where an oracle signs for the same event more than once, producing conflicting results.

Discussion participants seemed to all favor providing an equivocation proof, although there was some concern that it could be too much work for the v0 specification.

One concern with proofs of lying was that users c…

● Taproot activation discussion: Michael Folkson summarized a second meeting about activation parameters for taproot, concluding that “there wasn’t overwhelming consensus for either LOT=true or LOT=false”, the LockinOnTimeout (LOT) parameter from BIP8 that determines whether or not nodes will require mandatory signaling for activation of the fork.

However, there was nearly universal agreement on other activation parameters, most notably reducing the amount of hash rate that needs to signal for the fork to activate from 95% to 90%.

Discussion continued about the LOT parameter on the mailing list, mainly about the effect of encouraging users to choose the option themselves, either via a comma…

As business travel remains on hold in many parts of the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we’re temporarily pausing our membership model.

We’ll continue to provide high-quality online technical material for engineers working on Bitcoin.

We’ve undertaken projects in two broad areas:When the COVID-19 pandemic started making travel and in-person meetings more difficult in early 2020, we were forced to cancel plans for future events.

Once it became clear that in-person events wouldn’t be possible for the foreseeable future, we decided to stop asking our members for annual donations.

Consequently, we’ve decided to temporarily pause our membership program.

● Faster signature operations: Russell O’Connor and Andrew Poelstra published a blog post announcing the implementation of an algorithm that can speed up Bitcoin Core’s signature verification by 15%.

● Proposal to stop processing unsolicited transactions: normally nodes expect to receive the announcement of a new transaction in a P2P protocol inv message.

This week, Antoine Riard posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list a proposal to stop processing such unsolicited tx messages.

Riard is proposing this change be made possibly as early as the next major version of Bitcoin Core, version 22.0.

Jager builds on a previous proposal (see Newsletter #122), extending its fixed fees with fees proportio…

● Taproot activation meeting summary and follow-up: Michael Folkson posted a summary of the scheduled meeting to discuss taproot activation methods (see Newsletter #133).

There appeared to be support among participants for using the BIP8 activation mechanism with the earliest allowed activation time about two months after the first release of Bitcoin Core containing the activation code and the latest allowed activation of that initial deployment about one year subsequently.

More controversial was whether the LockinOnTimeout (LOT) parameter should default to true (requiring miners to either eventually signal in favor of the new rules or risk a chainsplit) or false (allowing miners to signal …

● Replicating OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK with BIP340 and OP_CAT : Andrew Poelstra authored a blog post about implementing the functionality of the OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK ( OP_CSFS ) opcode from ElementsProject.org on Bitcoin using the proposed BIP340 specification of schnorr signatures and an OP_CAT opcode that was part of Bitcoin until mid-2010 (and which is often mentioned as a candidate for reintroduction).

Enabling CSFS-like behavior on Bitcoin would allow the creation of covenants and other advanced contracts without having to presign spending transactions, possibly reducing complexity and the amount of data that needs to be stored.

The post ends with a teaser for later posts in the series (li…

This week’s newsletter announces a meeting to discuss taproot activation mechanisms, includes a link to a Bitcoin Core usage survey, and includes our regular sections with top questions and answers from the Bitcoin StackExchange, a list of releases and release candidates, and descriptions of notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Please see Folkson’s email for background information about taproot activation mechanisms and a proposed agenda for the meeting.

● Bitcoin Core Usage Survey: Bitcoin Core developer Andrew Chow created a survey for users of Bitcoin Core.

As explained in a blog post about the survey, answers will be used to help inform developers about what peopl…

This week’s newsletter summarizes posts to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list about payjoin adoption and making hardware wallets compatible with more advanced Bitcoin features.

Also included are our regular sections with overviews of changes to services and client software, new releases and release candidates, and changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Changes to services and client softwareIn this monthly feature, we highlight interesting updates to Bitcoin wallets and services.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, lib…

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Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🇩🇪 Berlin is ComingAre you ready for Ethereum’s next network upgrade?

- AnthonyNews of the Weekgroup of major companies, including Fidelity, Coinbase, and Square, have formed a crypto council to lobby policy makers.

Coinbase reported an estimated $1.8 billion in total revenue for the first quarter of 2021.

dYdX’s layer 2 cross-margined perpetuals are available to the public on mainnet Ethereum, powered by StarkWare and settled in USDC.

TCAP is the world’s first total crypto market cap token which gives users exposure to the entire cryptocurrency market cap.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekPayPal has started allowing U.S. users to spend their cryptocurrency holdings at millions of online merchants globally.

The development means PayPal users who hold bitcoin (BTC), ether (ETH), bitcoin cash (BCH), and litecoin (LTC) in PayPal digital wallets can now convert their crypto holdings into fiat to make purchases.

Greenwood is a DeFi lending protocol that raises $2 million in a round led by Polychain Capital.

The project was also launched onto the Ethereum mainnet and users can now start interacting with the protocol.

The round was led by Galaxy Digital and Framework Ventures, with participation from Variant, Northzone, Nascent, a_capital and 3AC.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekVisa announced Monday that it now settles payments in the USDC stablecoin on the Ethereum blockchain.

The development means Visa has become the first major payments network to use stablecoin as a settlement currency.

For its new USDC settlement capability, Visa is initially working with Crypto.com, letting the crypto firm manage its card business now entirely in digital assets.

Previously, Visa's standard settlement process required Crypto.com to settle in a fiat currency, which added cost and complexity for the firm.

It supports NFT artists and collectors, in addition to providing Uniswap V3 NFT LP token holders a seamless selling solution.

Morgan Stanley alerted its wealth management advisors Wednesday that the Wall Street giant will begin offering access to at least one bitcoin-related fund to accredited wealth management clients.

It's the latest sign of bitcoin adoption on Wall Street and a big development for the cryptocurrency in the wealth management channel.

Morgan Stanley's wealth management unit boasts 16,000 advisors, managing some $4 triillion in client assets.

On Wednesday, Morgan Stanley published a note through its wealth management unit that outlined the case for cryptocurrency as an emerging investable asset class.

SMART Yield allows users to tranche out the yield from the debt pools of other projects, such as …

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🤑 Gitcoin SeasonGitcoin Grants Matching Round 9 is now live and it’s time for you to go donate to all of your favorite open source projects.

Of course, given that it’s a matching round, your donations will be matched quadratically which means your dollar goes much further than usual!

As always, you can donate to support EthHub here - we appreciate all donations - no matter how big or small!

The raise was led by a16z, Framework Ventures, Coinbase Ventures and Naval Ravikant with participation from others.

The round had participation from Dragonfly Capital, Coinbase Ventures, Tally Capital and others.

Oh and today’s edition of the EthHub Weekly marks the 3 year anniversary of this newsletter!

This new API allows developers to recommend a variety of chains to their users, including Layer 2 networks.

Kline is a new decentralized derivatives protocol that was announced last week that raised $7 million from a number of investors.

SIREN is a new options protocol and this round was co-led by 1kx and Spartan Group with participation from various other invstors.

You can now move your tokens from DeversiFi’s layer 2 exchange back to Ethereum layer 1 in a much faster way.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🔥 EIP-1559 Community CallA community call between developers, researchers, community members, and miners was held last Friday to discuss EIP-1559 (watch that here).

In April 2019, the NYAG's office alleged that Bitfinex used Tether's funds to secretly cover $850 million lost to payment processor Crypto Capital.

The firm already operates a bitcoin fund named CI Galaxy Bitcoin Fund, which manages about $162 million worth of assets.

Lots of updates in this state of 1559 from Tim Beiko including client updates, mining updates and more.

A detailed roadmap update from the Brave team including updates on the Brave Wallet, the Brave D…

- AnthonyNews of the WeekBlockchain.com, the London-based crypto wallet and exchange operator, has raised $120 million from a group of macro investors.

That's an increase from the first average cleared price of $200 in January, according to data shared with The Block.

Nasdaq enables secondary offerings for Coinbase stock, a process that allows ex-employees and investors of the crypto exchange to sell their shares.

Alchemix is a DeFi protocol that allows for the creation of synthetic tokens that represent the future yield of a deposit.

Babylon.finance is a new DeFi protocol aiming to be a community-led asset management platform.

Finally, I announced that I have joined Polygon (formerly Matic Network) as an advisor - check out my thread on why here.

Scaling Ethereum is an online ETHGlobal hackathon dedicated to building the tooling and protocol to make scalability happen on Ethereum.

Fire Eyes DAO announced their collaboration with Balancer Labs this week and will be helping them with governance.

This post goes through how the TRIBE token of Fei Protocol will be distributed and how it will function in the protocol.

The Ethereum Foundation has given out more than $1 million worth of grants to various eth2 initiatives from the community.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCME Group launched its long-awaited ether (ETH) futures product today.

CME's ETH futures were announced in mid-December to much fanfare.

The firms providing liquidity for ETH futures include BlockFi, Galaxy, Genesis, CoinShares and NYDIG.

Some 344 million visitors flocked to crypto exchanges, per SimilarWeb data, surpassing December's total of 196 million.

The round was led by Pantera Capital with participation from Jump Capital, Coinbase Ventures, Blockchain.com Ventures, Nima Capital, IOSG, the DeFi Alliance.

In case you missed it - I joined Alex Saunders from Nuggets News to discuss all things Ethereum and you can watch that here.

Kelly said Visa plans to work with wallets and exchanges to enable Visa users to purchase crypto-assets, and to allow users to cash out and make fiat purchases with their crypto.

Those that represent new assets, like bitcoin, Visa views as "digital gold," and those that are fiat-backed, including stablecoins and central bank digital currencies.

Kelly also teased the possibility of Visa enabling crypto as a payment itself, rather than converting crypto to fiat for payments.

Project UpdatesReddit has teamed up with the Ethereum Foundation to establish Reddit’s first-eve…

Josh Stark and Evan Van Ness posted a great 2020 roundup of all things Ethereum which you can read here.

Lastly, I joined the Bankless guys last week to talk about the DeFi Pulse Index which you can watch here.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCoinbase — the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S. — alerted shareholders that the firm would launch a secondary market for its private stock on Nasdaq Private Market.

Coinbase, which filed a confidential S-1 in mid-December, said that it would provide further details to shareholders on Monday about the secondary market launch.

Nasdaq Private Market offers services for companies ahead of an IPO, including "controlled liquidity programs for pre-IPO com…

Though, I do really enjoy the memes that the community has been putting together in my absence - keep them coming!

Lastly, I joined the guys at ‘Show Me the Crypto’ to discuss all things Ethereum and you can watch that here.

Gemini would join a growing list of crypto firms with ambitions to tap into the public markets.

Synthetix is poised to have a big 2021 with a lot of updates coming to the protocol - read the above post to get the full breakdown.

The next option markets have already been deployed, and V2 development has started.

On a more positive note, Eric and I will be back doing the weekly EthHub recap podcast from today so be sure to subscribe so that you don’t miss it - there’s obviously a lot to talk about!

The letter indicates that banks and savings associations can now run crypto nodes and utilize associated stablecoins for "permissible payment activities."

This means banks can use public blockchains to validate, store, record and settle payment transactions as long as they're compliant with existing laws.

The round was backed by SevenX Ventures, Defiance Capital, 1kx, Multicoin Capital, and Aave founder Stani Kulechov, among others.

V2 of Futureswap provides features that serious traders expect, including…

The rich get richer, since they have the capital to risk to earn the governance tokens.

Then, as governance token plutocrats, they can use their power to direct the protocol in ways which only further enrich themselves.

At the time of this writing, Uniswap liquidity has risen to nearly $2 billion, while SushiSwap liquidity has fallen to less than one fourth of that.

While I’ve said the Uniswap team did a lot right in this token launch, the question remains, why launch a token at all?

Is there more to UNI than that, or are these governance tokens little more than viral marketing schemes?

A Vampire Sushi ChefIn late August, a pseudonymous developer going by "Chef Nomi" announced "SushiSwap," a clone of Uniswap with "Sushi Tokenomics."

Before SushiSwap was even launched as an exchange, it was possible to earn Sushi tokens by providing liquidity to Uniswap.

Pump and Dump and PumpThe SushiSwap system directed 10% of all tokens to a wallet controlled by the pseudonymous "Chef Nomi."

The Sushi token price has recovered some of its losses.

Will users and liquidity migrate back to Uniswap once the rush to farm Sushi tokens dies down?

Understanding Open SourceThe term "Open Source Software" doesn't just mean the source code is available to view.

Instead, the term refers to projects that make their source code available with broad permission to modify and share that source code without restriction.

There are two broad classifications of licenses widely accepted in the open source world.The first family of open source licenses is so-called "copyleft" licenses, sometimes referred to as "viral" licenses.

Open source development is frequently thankless work, and while some exceptions certainly exist, there generally aren't great business models available for purely open source projects.

Brave's Browser WalletAs a general expl…

On Tuesday, August 4th, the Medalla ETH 2.0 testnet was launched.

If all goes well, this will be the final testnet before the launch of the “Phase 0” mainnet.

It’s expected the testnet will run for a minimum of 2 months before a schedule for mainnet is proposed.

Live and LaunchedTo kickoff the Medalla launch, the Ethereum Foundation hosted a livestream that nearly 2,000 people attended.

The ETH 2.0 launchpad tool made it simple to configure and run your own validators, and there were over 20,000 signed up to do so on day one.

The team behind Augur has launched the next version of their decentralized betting market protocol.

Let's review the basic premise of Augur before discussing these improvements, and what we might expect to see from Augur v2 in the coming months.

It quickly rocketed up to over $1 million at stake in its betting markets, but later slowed.

It offers a service to users— namely, betting markets— that one would assume there would be interest in.

Is it possible not that many people care to participate in betting markets?

To understand this, we need to add the next layer of the system: governance.

The governance token, called COMP, would be distributed to users in a way similar to those weighted polls of the past.

Users began intentionally lending or borrowing on Compound with the explicit goal of earning, or “farming,” COMP.

What's made it possible so far is high demand for the base governance tokens of protocols like Compound.

Even in the best case scenario, demand for these governance tokens must eventually level off as they reach a fair market valuation.

Kanye West, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett were among dozens of accounts that tweeted the scam.

The first is obvious: a Bitcoin giveaway scam was used to monetize this attack.

This changed when the same scam tweets began to be shared from the personal accounts of high profile people, starting with Elon Musk.

Link As the afternoon wore on, many more high profile accounts began tweeting the scam, and it became apparent the hacker had hit more than a third-party tool.

Several hours later, presumably after Twitter addressed the issue, the accounts of these high profile users became accessible again to the user.

Left out of that discussion, though, was the grandaddy of layer 2 scaling techniques: state channels.

In this edition of the newsletter, we'll learn the basics of how state channels work, and why they're complex to implement.

We'll close by looking at why state channels haven't seen much adoption to date, but why that could be poised to change.

How State Channels WorkThe core premise of state channels is surprisingly simple to understand.

Link The most common examples for envisioning the kinds of apps which are possible with such state channels tend to be games.

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #103Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Pooling is not Favorable: Decentralize Mining Power of PoW Blockchain Using Age-of-Work.

Unlike in the native PoW protocol, in PoA protocol, miners benefit from its effective mining period even if they have not successfully mined a block.

The mining process in the PoA blockchain is simulated to demonstrate the consistency of the analytical results.

Paper Title: Blockchain Initiatives for Tax Administration.

Paper Title: Rent Seeking in BlockchainGovernance: The Awkward Transition From Market Decision Making to Non-market Decision Making.

They focus on anonymizing the messages of the blockchain protocol, but suggest that potential identity leaks from the network-layer can be removed as well by employing anonymous broadcast channels.

This work shows that this intuition is flawed.

The paper shows that the attacks are practical, by describing how they can be carried out over the Zcash blockchain network (even when Tor is used).

Paper Title: History Binding Signature.

Paper Title: Cryptocurrencies with Security Policies and Two-Factor Authentication.

Paper Title: ESCORT: Ethereum Smart COntRacTs Vulnerability Detection using Deep Neural Network and Transfer Learning.

Paper Title: A Novel Framework for the Analysis of Unknown Transactions in Bitcoin: Theory, Model, and Experimental Results.

Authors: Abhiram Kothapalli*†, Srinath Setty*, Ioanna Tzialla‡Affiliations: * Microsoft Research, † Carnegie Mellon University, and ‡ New York University.

Paper Title: Bolt-Dumbo Transformer: Asynchronous Consensus As Fast As Pipelined BFT.

Authors: Chen Jin*, Bowen Lou†, and Jiding Zhang‡,Affiliations: * National University of Singapore, † University of Connecticut, and ‡ New York University.

Authors: Chaya Ganesh*, Anca Nitulescu†, and Eduardo Soria-Vazquez‡,Affiliations: * Indian Institute of Science, † Protocol Labs, ‡ Cryptography Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute.

Authors: Yoko Shibuya*, Go Yamamoto*, Fuhito Kojima*, Elaine Shi†, Shin’ichiro Matsuo*‡, and Aron Laszka§,Affiliations: * NTT Research, † Cornell University, ‡ Georgetown University, and § University of Houston.

Paper Title: 0.

Authors: Paolo Modestia*, Siamak F. Shahandashtib†, Patrick McCorry‡, Feng Haod§,Affiliations: * Teesside University, † University of York, ‡ PISA Research, and § University of Warwick.

Paper Title: Security and Privacy of Lightning Network Payments with Uncertain Channel Bal…

BROUGHT TO YOU BYIssue #99Paper of the Week:Paper Title: SciviK: A Versatile Framework for Specifying and Verifying Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: HashSplit: Exploiting Bitcoin Asynchrony to Violate Common Prefix and Chain Quality.

Paper Title: Post-Quantum Verifiable Random Function from Symmetric Primitives in PoS Blockchain.

Paper Title: BLOCKEYE: Hunting For DeFi Attacks on Blockchain.

Paper Title: (In)Stability for the Blockchain: Deleveraging Spirals and Stablecoin Attacks.

Paper Title: Redactable Blockchain Protocol with Instant Redaction.

Summary: A generic approach of designing redactable blockchain protocol in the permissionless setting with instant redaction.

Paper Title: The Nym Network The Next Generation of Privacy Infrastructure.

Authors: Bernardo David*, Bernardo Magri†, Christian Matt‡, Jesper Buus Nielsen†, and Daniel Tschudi‡,Affiliations: * ITU Copenhagen, † Concordium Blockchain Research Center, Aarhus University, and ‡ Concordium, Zürich.

Authors: Craig Gentry*, Shai Halevi*, Hugo Krawczyk*, Bernardo Magri†, Jesper Buus Nielsen†, Tal Rabin*, and Sophia Yakoubov‡,Affiliations: * Algorand Foundation, † Concordium Blockchain Research Center, and ‡…

Issue #97Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Verification Dilemmas, Law, and the Promise of Zero-Knowledge Proofs.

Paper Title: SigVM: Toward Fully Autonomous Smart Contracts.

Summary: A novel blockchain virtual machine that supports an event-driven execution model, enabling developers to build fully autonomous smart contracts.

Paper Title: An Overview of Forks and Coordination in Blockchain Development.

Paper Title: Communication-Efficient BFT Protocols Using Small Trusted Hardware to Tolerate Minority Corruption.

Issue #96Paper of the Week:Paper Title: IPDL: A Simple Framework for Formally Verifying Distributed Cryptographic Protocols.

A primary design goal of IPDL is for formal cryptographic proofs to resemble their on-paper counterparts.

Authors: Greg Morrisett*, Elaine Shi†, Kristina Sojakova‡, Xiong Fan§, and Joshua Gancher✜,Affiliations: * Cornell Tech, † Carnegie Mellon University, ‡ INRIA, § University of Maryland, ✜ Cornell University.

Paper Title: A Security Framework for Distributed Ledgers.

Authors: Ittai Abraham*, Kartik Nayak†, Ling Ren, Zhuolun XiangAffiliations: * VMware Research, † Duke University, and ‡ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

This paper provides the first formal cryptographic analysis of Bitcoin Cash’s target recalculation functions against all possible adversaries.

Paper Title: Low-cost attacks on Ethereum 2.0 by sub-1/3 stakeholders.

Paper Title: BooLigero: Improved Sublinear Zero Knowledge Proofs for Boolean Circuits.

Paper Title: Cuproof: A Novel Range Proof with Constant Size.

Paper Title: How Elon Musk’s Twitter activity moves cryptocurrency markets.

Issue #94Paper of the Week:Paper Title: The Longest-Chain Protocol Under Random Delays.

Recent literature establishes that the longest-chain blockchain protocol is secure under the synchronous model.

This work analyzes the performance of the longest-chain protocol under the assumption that the communication delays are random, independent, and identically distributed.

Authors: Chao Li*, Balaji Palanisamy†, Runhua Xu‡, Jinlai Xu†, Jingzhe Wang†,Affiliations: * Beijing Jiaotong University, † University of Pittsburgh, and ‡ IBM Almaden Research Center.

Authors: Erdinc Akyildirim*†, Shaen Corbetc§, Douglas J. Cumming✜, Brian Lucey+^#, Ahmet Sensoy$Affiliations: * University of Zurich, † ETH, Zur…

Paper Title: SPURT: Scalable Distributed Randomness Beacon with Transparent Setup.

Paper Title: A blockchain-based pattern for confidential and pseudo-anonymous contract enforcement.

Paper Title: QuickSilver: Efficient and Affordable Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Circuits and Polynomials over Any Field.

Paper Title: Ethereum ECCPoW.

Paper Title: Understand Volatility of Algorithmic Stablecoin: Modeling, Verification and Empirical Analysis.

One particular exciting use case is decentralized finance (DeFi), which aims to revolutionize traditional financial services by founding them on a decentralized infrastructure.

Paper Title: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Pitfalls and Best Practices in Automated Sound Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: Quantifying Blockchain Extractable Value: How dark is the forest?

Paper Title: Selective Deletion in a Blockchain.

Paper Title: Decentralized Financial Market Infrastructures.

Paper Title: Blockchain for steganography: advantages, new algorithms and open challenges.

Paper Title: Eth2Vec: Learning Contract-Wide Code Representations for Vulnerability Detection on Ethereum Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: Demand-aware Channel Topologies for Off-chain Blockchain Payments.

Authors: Jonathan Lee*, Srinath Setty†, Justin Thaler‡, and Riad Wahby§,Affiliations: * Nanotronics Imaging, † Microsoft Research, ‡ Georgetown University, § Stanford University.

Paper Title: Fiat Money, Cryptocurrencies, and the Pure Theory of Money.

Along the way, this work constructs a split accumulation scheme for a simple polynomial commitment scheme based on Pedersen commitments.

Paper Title: Blockchain Privacy Through Merge Avoidance and Mixing Services: a Hardness and an Impossibility Result.

Summary: A secure and highly efficient PBFT consensus algorithm for Internet of Vehicles, which is based on a distributed blockchain structure.

Authors: Guangquan Xu*†, Yihua Liu†, Jun Xing*, Tao Luo†, Yonghao Gu‡, Shaoying Liu§, Xi Zheng✜, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos+,Affiliations: * Qingdao Huanghai University, † Tianjin University, ‡ Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, § Hiroshima University, ✜ Macquarie University, and + …

This is issue #67 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 10k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Compound, Mirror, CREAM, Instadapp, and Aave.

① Compound📈 Compound breaks 10B in TVL👉 Join the Compound communityThe Compound protocol is a set of globally accessible, open-source interest rate markets for Ethereum assets.

On Ethereum C.R.E.A.M.

In the past few months, Instadapp has made integrations with Gelato Protocol, Uniswap, and more recently with the Polygon Network, formerly Matic.

The Aave Polygon Market launched on 3/31/2020.

An initial two weeks of organic growth bootstrapped the liquidity to $10m.

On 4/13/2020, Polygon announced some generous liquidity mining incentives which grew liquidity x54 to $540m in less than 3 days.

This is issue #66 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 10k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

A key metric for the protocol is total prizes awarded — with $1.2 million in prizes that have already been distributed.

The largest prize pool is USDC with $63 million deposited followed by Dai with $52 million deposited.

Dune Analytics, @sarfangA portion of every prize is redeposited back into the prize pool generating a higher effective APR and larger future prizes.

This was first activated by governance 3 weeks ago and amounts to an effective ~2.5% of the prize value — resulting in $30,000 of re…

This week our contributor analysts cover Solana, Celo, Ethereum, and Bitcoin.

① Solana📈 Solana grows to 566 validators, $5.73B total stakeThe Solana network uses an innovative Proof-of-History consensus algorithm to solve the commonly cited blockchain scalability, decentralization and security trilemma.

It’s backed by $670m worth of crypto assets (CELO, BTC, ETH, DAI) corresponding to a 1595% ratio.

Coin MetricsThe number of addresses holding BTC is increasing at a relatively fast rate in 2021.

The number of addresses holding at least 0.001 BTC has grown from 16.69M on Jan. 1st to 18.26M on Mar.

① NEAR📈 NEAR has processed nearly 2b transactions to dateNEAR Protocol is (as of writing) on blockheight 33,012,780 with 181 online nodes (60 validating).

Transaction volume picked up October 2020 and has been sustained (spikes excluded) with a slight uptick in March 2021.

Cost PerspectivebloXroute Labs is building the crucial network infrastructure, aimed at scaling all blockchains, by enabling a fast blockchain network layer.

In Ethereum, μE is controlled by the gas limit parameter, while λE is gas used in a block.

When the gas limit μE decreases by 20%, the transaction fees double.

This is issue #63 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 10k crypto investors every week 📈About the editor: Spencer Noon 🕛 is an investor at Variant, a first-check crypto VC fund.

This week our contributor analysts cover Emerging Networks / Themes: Flashbots, OpenSea, CryptoPunks, and Reflexer.

① Flashbots📈 Miners collected 174 ETH in Flashbots fees in FebFlashbots is an R&D organization working on mitigating the negative externalities of Ethereum MEV.

In total, miners collected 174 ETH in Flashbots fees in February, up by more than 6x the amount collected in January.

③ CryptoPunks📈 CryptoPunks now a leading ‘bluechip’ NFT collectibleThere are 10,000 punks and 1,834 unique…

① Terra📈 Stablecoin supply increases by 2000 %Since the launch of Mirror in early December, Terra's overall stablecoin supply has increased by 2000%.

Looking at the LUNA supply over the same time horizon as the UST supply increase shows that this mechanic has worked well so far.

② Alpha Finance📈 Alpha Homora v1 has originated $2.29B+ in loansSince launching in October 2020 (5 months ago), Alpha Homora has originated more than $2.29 Billion in loans (1.26M ETH).

The ETH utilization rate on Alpha Homora is usually around 80-95% and the typical yield on ETH on Alpha Homora is 7-10%.

Dune analytics - Created by Sébastien DerivauxDAI is increasing its market share in the growing stablecoin marke…

Click here to see open roles at VariantThis week our contributor analysts cover DEXs: Balancer, 1inch, 0x, and DODO.

This impact is shown in the rotation of the weekly top 5 tokens in volume on Balancer (outside the leading 6).

For 5 weeks, Balancer has paid out gas reimbursements to traders and this will continue for at least 3 more weeks.

② 1inch📈 TVL increases 15x to over $1.5BThe TVL of the upgraded 1inch Liquidity Protocol has risen significantly, from $100М to $1.5B (1,500% growth over a 2-month period).

DODO token holders are being drawn to the newly introduced loyalty program and its proof-of-membership token, vDODO.

① Chainlink📈 LINK rewards +257% YTDChainlink’s holder community moved from 183k to 400k wallets all along the last 6 months, representing a 118,5% growth over the period.

The overall on-chain volume has also reached a new ATH recently, with our indicators being at $3.8B representing the value of weekly on-chain flows.

Finally, LINK rewards have skyrocketed the last quarter, moving from 700k LINK in early January to +2.5M in late February, representing a 257% growth (source).

It’s been 2 months since mainnet and there are 160+ indexers and 5,000+ delegators contributing to The Graph network.

At least six notable projects now use Arweave to back up their code bases: Polkadot, Solana, Skale, M…

Handshake qualitatively and quantitatively has made many strides since our last update.

The number of opened TLDs (or NFTLDs) on the network have increased immensely, now with over 638,000+ names open for auction to date; the $HNS price has seen a ~150% rise, driven to over $0.30+ in the last month as it enters price discovery.

To put this into real-world perspective, there are only about 1,514 in the ICANN DNS namespace active today.

Handshake is economically, and now extendably, a more robust namespace, with embedded incentives over the legacy system.

Time is now the only factor standing between Handshake and long-term success.

This week our contributor analysts cover NFTs projects: NFTX, SuperRare, Foundation, and Rarible.

② SuperRareContributor: Richard Chen, Partner at 1confirmationThe crypto art industry has exploded in the last few months, with the total crypto art market cap surpassing $100M just a few days ago.

Monthly crypto art volume is on pace to surpass $20M in February.

As a result of new NFT demand, average artwork prices have gone exponential and not just because ETH price is increasing.

The data also implies that crypto art is decent at storing value denominated in ETH.

Rarible has grown to more than 5K monthly protocol users as of the end of January 2021, an increase of approximately 5x compared to mid summer 2020.

Between late January and early February 2021, daily active users on Rarible protocol increased to more than 1K per day.

The number of transactions per day has also increased to more than 2K per day by February 15th.

Minting events have seen significant growth in 2021, with 747 NFTs being minted on February 16th alone.

Website traffic has grown over the past month from 4K unique daily visitors to over 20K daily.

As a result, total UST accounts and UST transaction velocity have grown concurrently since the launch of Mirror.

Total UST accounts increased by 460% since December 2nd and transaction velocity increased by 297% (source: Flipside Crypto, Terra Community Console).

Last week set a new record for Aave Flash Loans with $1.9B of volume, bringing the total Flash Loan volume to $3.7B.

Last week’s spike in V2 Flash Loans pushed the ETH weekly depositor APY to 7%.

They can then stake their aBPT in the Aave Protocol Safety Module to earn Safety Incentives.

On January 13th, the Compound community voted to update the distribution of COMP across various markets.

Rather than issuing COMP to suppliers and borrowers based on borrowing demand, governance determines a set amount of COMP to distribute to each market.

The community decided to decrease the distribution to the DAI market by 31% in order to reduce the risks introduced by yield farming, and more evenly spread COMP across the smaller markets.

This week our contributor analysts cover DeFi: Index Coop, Hegic, PoolTogether, and Nexus Mutual.

① Index CoopWe last updated you two months ago in Issue #49.

Since then, the Index Coop’s flagship product, the DeFi Pulse Index (DPI), has continued to gain traction.

One thing that hasn’t changed since Issue #49 is that liquidity remains a strength of DPI.

On this metric, the protocol continues to be one of the most popular in decentralized finance.

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Crypto protocols are meant to be governed by a decentralized community of stakeholders.

For crypto startups, transitions towards community governance are complicated, and raise difficult questions around ongoing development, voter participation, and incentive alignment between stakeholders.

As committed stakeholders in many of these networks, we wanted to briefly expand on how we at a16z think about crypto governance, and how we see our role in it going forward.

Delegated VotingOver the last year or so we’ve seen significant innovation in token-based governance models among leading crypto applications.

They include industry experts (like Gauntlet) who specialize in protocol governance and b…

Creators and businesses that rely on internet platforms are subject to sudden rule changes that take away their audiences and profits.

From the 1980s through the early 2000s, the dominant internet services were built on open protocols that the internet community controlled.

Much of the software running on an Apple device is open source, as is almost all modern cloud data centers including Amazon’s.

This has allowed these companies to outpace the growth of open source software and maintain control of critical internet infrastructure.

It took twenty years for open source software to supplant proprietary software, and it could take just as long for open services to supplant proprietary service…

Multicoin Capital co-led the Series C round in Helium Inc in 2019 along with USV.

The growth of the Helium Network is driven by a positive feedback loop or flywheel.

This higher price will mean better ROI for Helium hotspot owners, which will further drive network growth.

Over the next year, the Helium network will roll out across the rest of the world.

Powered by the economic flywheel, the Helium network will grow to dominate global telecommunications.

Multicoin Capital has accumulated a large position in RUNE, the native token of THORChain, a decentralized cross-chain automated market maker (AMM).

There is a tremendous opportunity to build products that enable trust-minimized, cross-chain trading.

In a world where many chains and tokens exist, traders naturally want to be able to trade assets across chains in a trust-minimized way.

The first of such cross-chain trading examples was the Tier Nolan atomic swap.

The diversity of chains creates the need for a trust-minimized, decentralized way to trade spot tokens across chains.

Back in August 2020 we led a $1.8M investment in a new automated market maker (AMM) protocol focused on perpetual contracts: Perpetual Protocol, aka Perp.fi!

Once collateral is deposited, traders trade perpetual contracts just as they would on centralized exchanges, but with one key difference.

First, PERP holders govern the protocol, including managing parameters such as trading fees, asset listings, insurance fund management, and more.

Perhaps the best thing about The Perpetual Protocol is that it can be used to trade any asset with a public price feed.

That means it can trade perpetual contracts for cryptos, commodities and or any asset in any asset class.

DeFi lending is 11% of CeFi lending, and DeFi trading is 15% that of CeFi trading.

Swivel TradingLet’s walk through a trade on the Swivel exchange, which is an orderbook-based exchange built on top of the Swivel protocol.

While Swivel offers more leverage for interest rate speculators than ZCB protocols, Swivel does not offer fixed-rate borrowing, and so we are interested in the ZCB model as well because Swivel and ZCB protocols will serve different segments: Swivel for interest-rate speculation and fixed-rate lending, and ZCB protocols for fixed-rate borrowing.

While the Swivel protocol is starting with fixed-floating swaps (the contract example used in the section titled Swivel Lending), …

As DeFi protocols gain traction, they become part of an increasingly complex DeFi system.

Level 3: Price OraclesBuilding on the transaction layer, price oracles are the next foundational piece of infrastructure.

Secure and verifiable inputs of market data are critical to the functioning of DeFi protocols.

These products often provide smart contract constructions that enable users to interact with other Ethereum DeFi protocols.

DeFi Risk ManagementQuantifying Compounding Risk in DeFiThere is growing risk in DeFi today.

In the long run, OXIO aims to financialize the largest, most ubiquitous commodity in the world that is not yet financialized: mobile connectivity.

Let’s touch on some unique ideas and use-cases that OXIO enables:Nike could offer their customers mobile connectivity.

Using OXIO, brands can not only engage with their customers in new ways, but learn valuable insights.

Given the LTV of their customers, brands can subsidize their customer’s connectivity, either in full or in part using OXIO, or simply create engagement-driven loyalty programs.

In doing so, OXIO will introduce capital markets to mobile connectivity.

The chats highlighted below include conversations with key team members at Solana, Helium, and Ribbit Capital.

Fireside Chat with SolanaRaj Gokal, the COO of Solana, joined Kyle and Tushar, the managing partners of Multicoin Capital, for the first fireside chat of the summit.

Ribbit Capital is widely regarded as one of, if not the best, fintech investors in the world.

Ribbit Capital invested with Multicoin Capital late last year and most recently raised $350 million for a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC).

At the time of publication, Multicoin Capital holds Helium ($HNT) and Solana ($SOL) tokens.

With all the money printing around the globe, I thought it would be a good time to talk Bitcoin and Crypto.

I invited Kyle Samani on the podcast because he has a great understanding of the technology and products.

The guest I’m referring to in this case is Kyle Samani.

Kyle is the founder and managing partner at Multicoin Capital, a firm that invests in all things crypto (including companies and tokens).

The Takeaway:While crypto is super volatile, it isn’t going away anytime soon (Kyle does explain why Bitcoin could struggle).

Subscribe to our Podcasts for the best insights in crypto

Editor's Note: This podcast was originally published by On The Brink.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Listen nowVisit this link to listen to the episode in full:DescriptionKyle Samani, cofounder and managing partner at Multicoin, joins the show to talk his current views on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and to give an update on web3 and how Multicoin is approaching the opportunity.

In this episode:

Cons: not capital efficient, limited leverage available, requires external oracle, unable to maintain peg because of lack of arbitrage loop.

Pros: simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

MAXIMUM ORACLE MOVEMENTSome protocols limit how much the oracle price can move in a certain period of time.

Multicoin has been looking at early-stage Decentralized BitMEX opportunities for the last 12 months, and we have b…

DescriptionTushar Jain is co-founder and Managing Partner at Multicoin Capital, a crypto-focused, thesis-driven investment firm which co-led Helium's $15M Series C round along with Union Square Ventures.

The result is the Helium network is an order of magnitude less expensive to build, deploy and manage."

What are some of the biggest challenges that you think Helium faces in making this vision a reality?

That stuff is really, really hard.

I just don't think that's the most efficient version of the world to live in.

As a result, it’s more important than ever for DeFi projects considering liquidity mining to think carefully about their incentives, and to design their liquidity mining programs to retain capital after get-rich-quick wash traders disappear.

In this essay, we explore the design space of liquidity mining and outline a framework by which DeFi teams can construct a useful liquidity mining program that incentivizes long-term capital retention.

Objectives for Liquidity MiningThe most important step when designing a liquidity mining program is to determine the exact objectives of the program.

WHEN DO THEY GET PAIDMost of the liquidity mining campaigns announced so far do not include lockup or tim…

You don’t need to go to SoundCloud to experience all of this audio.

If the audio exists on SoundCloud, it can exist anywhere on the web and mobile devices.”Nine years later, it’s clear that SoundCloud had the right vision: open audio available anywhere on the Internet.

Over the last few years, we’ve seen an explosion in decentralized services to power all forms of media across the internet.

Audius is a decentralized, censorship-resistant audio streaming platform.

By virtue of being decentralized, Audius is open.

This piece is about one thing: what is the initial distribution of the capital that underpins a cryptonetwork?

In a recent conversation between the Placeholder and USV teams, Fred Wilson commented that with organizations he’s experienced going south over time it can often be traced back to an original sin at inception (team, approach, economics or any other pivotal decision).

For crypto, an original sin we regularly observe is insiders owning too much of systems that are marketed as public, egalitarian networks.

At Placeholder we have targeted 1-5% network ownership on a fully-diluted basis, with Placeholder’s most concentrated position coming in at 7% ownership fully-diluted.

If you want t…

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions matches a desired payoff.

More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff functions and the space of convex CFMMs are equivalent; in other words, every CFMM has a concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff function, and every payoff function with these properties has a corresponding convex CFMM.

We demonstrate a simple method for recovering a CFMM trading function that produces this desired payoff.

This method uses only basic tools from convex analysis and is intimately related to Fenchel conjugacy.

We demonstrate …

Economic conditions, technology, and human practice are all subject to change, and thus approaches to systemic risk mitigation must also evolve over time.

Before considering strategies for systemic risk mitigation, it is important to identify individual types of risk with systemic implications.

Similarly, systemic risk mitigation in DeFi relies heavily on how risk and emergency situations are managed at the level of individual users, businesses, and networks.

In comparison to traditional finance, the key technological advantages of DeFi as it relates to systemic risk mitigation are higher levels of digitization, transparency, and automation.

It may therefore seem premature to think about sy…

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, and mStable, among many others, make up some of the largest decentralized exchanges on Ethereum and other blockchains.

Because all transactions are public in current implementations, a natural next question is if there exist similar decentralized exchanges which are privacy-preserving; i.e., if a transaction’s quantities are hidden from the public view, then an adversary cannot correctly reconstruct the traded quantities from other public information.

In this note, we show that privacy is impossible with the usual implementations of CFMMs under most reasonable models of an adversary and provide some mitigating strateg…

This value proposition hit a chord: in its first 8 weeks of life, over 1,000 open source projects published their code to the Radicle network – and growing day by day.

In February 2021, Radicle launched an Ethereum blockchain integration along with the creation of the RAD governance token.

Third, it enables decentralized funding of open source projects.

This alone is a big innovation, prone to catalyze a new era of open source funding.

We have been working with the Radicle development team for over three years, but this launch is just the beginning of the network’s journey.

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains.

Trading fees have been proposed as a mechanism for compensating LPs for arbitrage losses.

CFMM designers are therefore faced with the problem of how to optimally select fees to attract liquidity.

We develop a framework for determining the value to LPs of supplying liquidity to a CFMM with fees when the underlying process follows a general diffusion.

Our approach also allows one to select optimal fees for maximizing LP value.

Liquidity and trading activity on constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer has grown significantly in the second half of 2020.

Much of the growth of these protocols has been driven by incentivized pools or 'yield farming', which reward participants in crypto assets for providing liquidity to CFMMs.

But what does it mean for a CFMM to be the most liquid market?

We show that this definition is tightly related to the curvature of a CFMM's trading function and can be used to explain a number of heuristic results.

Additionally, the results can also be used to model interacting markets and explain the rise of incentivized liquidity provision, also known as 'yie…

The entire work process, up to the finished product, is performed by automatic machinery and with repetitious mechanical uniformity; the entire factory becomes one single automaton.

[…] And just as the work processes which result in the end product are performed by an automaton, so the end product itself is very often an automaton designed for repetitious mechanical work processes.

There are some important caveats to this emphasis on the role of digital automation in driving human action.

If governed responsibly for the well-being of all, the Great Automaton in the making has a lot of potential for good.

The title of the interview contains a rather thought-provoking phrase for thinking abou…

If a CFMM has zero curvature, the price reported by the CFMM doesn’t change, no matter how much is traded.

One of the main connections between analysis and algebra comes from the notion of intrinsic curvature.

For instance, the intrinsic curvature of a beach ball doesn’t change when you rotate it by any amount in any direction.

How does this relate to the intuitive notion of CFMM curvature?

But how does this curvature related to the interaction between a CFMM, as a primary market, and other, secondary markets?

In decentralized networks, this includes everyone involved in investing, building, operating, using, or otherwise participating in the network.

But the interplay between ideology, reality, and financial incentives will remain a key influence on how systems of network governance are designed and evolve.

Good decentralized network governance is one that steers the network through its various stages of development towards more innovative and socially useful functions, while adequately resolving conflicts between different stakeholders participating in or affected by the network.

More democratic forms of network governance are currently underexplored and raise a number of difficult questions.

T…

In most “buyback-and-burn” token models, a network generates income in one currency token and uses the proceeds to buy-back and “burn” its own native token.

The intent is to grow token value by reducing its supply as income grows.

Unlike outstanding shares, treasury shares can’t vote or participate in the economics of the organization.

By reducing the number of outstanding shares, buybacks improve certain valuation ratios (e.g.

The buyback alone does all the work because what affects the price is how many shares participate, not how many exist – and treasury shares don’t participate.

Zooko Wilcox, a core contributing member of the Zcash community, voiced the confusion as follows:“You have to *store* your crypto in a private cryptosystem if you want privacy.

Efforts like the Zcash Developer Alliance are working to make the vision of interoperable-and-private-value stemming from Zcash a widespread reality.

Why Zcash is the Community to Bring Us PrivacyThe crypto-community most capable of bringing privacy to the masses is Zcash.

When it launched in October 2016, Zcash was the first practical implementation of Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zkSNARKs).

Join a Zcash community call or hop into the forum today.

Instead of paying fees to portfolio managers, investors earn fees for contributing their assets to Balancer pools [2].

The larger a Balancer pool gets, the less slippage there is when someone is trying to source one of its assets.

With decreasing slippage for key assets, Balancer positions itself to attract more traders as it becomes a more competitive venue for many of their desired positions.

An LP can contribute to an existing Balancer pool or create their own.

This flexibility has allowed Balancer to be a fertile ground for experimentation, alongside the deep liquidity pools it’s accumulating ($200M and counting).

The principles of free and open source software (FOSS) are fundamental to the ethos of the communities building blockchain networks.

While it is not uncommon for a single organization or small group of core developers to coordinate and deliver most of the work, the source code is generally open for everyone to inspect and improve upon.

Control is maintained not by keeping software proprietary, but through social and institutional means, including ideological discourse, community management, and trademark license agreements.

Despite the unique governance challenges from issuing network-specific assets to operators, investors, users, or other stakeholders, there are important similarities bet…

As smart contract platforms autonomously manage billions of dollars of capital, quantifying the portfolio risk that investors engender in these systems is increasingly important.

Recent work illustrates that Proof of Stake (PoS) is vulnerable to financial attacks arising from on-chain lending and has worse capital efficiency than Proof of Work (PoW).

Numerous methods for improving capital efficiency have been proposed that allow stakers to create fungible derivative claims on their staked assets.

This model combines birth-death Pólya urn processes and risk models adapted from the credit derivatives literature to assess token inequality and return profiles.

This model also applies to Decentr…

Bitcoin transaction fees, how they’re calculated, and how to pay lessBitcoin is by far the most valuable and therefore most heavily demanded cryptocurrency, but there ain’t no such thing as a free lunch.

One of the more challenging aspects of understanding bitcoin is the paradigm shift in how transaction processing works, which often causes quite a shock for users who encounter high fees for the first time.

In this post, we will attempt to shed some light on the often misunderstood world of bitcoin transaction fees, while sharing some best practices on how users can learn to save on fees when transacting directly on the bitcoin network.

Fiat vs. Bitcoin: A new way to think about paying for …

The concept of personal sovereignty has always been important to me.

For someone like myself, trying to tackle the technical aspects of bitcoin was quite daunting.

I quickly realized that to achieve the personal sovereignty I was after, I would need to learn an entirely new skill set and get comfortable with the technology.

For many people, this can be daunting and often prevents them from ever experiencing the financial freedom that Bitcoin natively delivers.

For me, self-sovereignty was what motivated me to take control of private keys and understand the technical aspects of bitcoin.

In Part I, we defined the First Law of Bitcoin Astronomy and described how it leads to new blockchains as humanity expands through the solar system.

Though we did discuss interstellar colonies and blockchains, we focused our attention in Parts I & II on our solar system and species.

Our galaxy may be full of technological, communicating, proof-of-work hashing alien civilizations.

NASA’s maxim for finding life in our solar system — Follow the water — assumes life elsewhere requires liquid water because all life on Earth does.

Similarly, our speculations about alien civilizations are biased by our own culture, technology and history.

To learn more about Unchained Capital and bitcoin native financial services with multisignature, sign-up on our website.

To stay up to date on Unchained Capital news and announcements, follow us on our Blog, Facebook, Twitter, and join the conversation on Telegram.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – March 2, 2021 – Unchained Capital, Inc. announced today the closing of a $5.5 million equity seed round led by institutional Bitcoin technology and financial services firm NYDIG.

“The teams at NYDIG and Unchained Capital share a mission built on the foundation of a bitcoin standard.

We believe there are significant opportunities to create synergies across our respective custodial and non-custodial platforms,” said Joseph Kelly, CEO and co-founder of Unchained Capital.

Unchained Capital and NYDIG offer complementary platforms to the large and growing market of long-term bitcoin holders.

About Unchained CapitalUnchained Capital is building a full-suite financial services platf…

Why Bitcoin is a Great Retirement AssetWhile most individuals on the periphery observe bitcoin’s volatility and perceive it to be a highly speculative asset, bitcoin is actually the ultimate breakthrough in savings technology.

As more early adopters have increasingly focused on the superior fundamentals of bitcoin as a long-term savings vehicle, retirement assets have logically also begun to shift to bitcoin.

It is the pinnacle of retirement savings and it’s what we work to both enable and make easy at Unchained Capital.

In the age of bitcoin, many self-directed IRA owners are using these vehicles to hold bitcoin as well, and many bitcoin holders are now setting up self-directed IRAs for th…

It’s admittedly uncomfortable, but unfortunately this is a primary reason why so many people die without an estate plan.

Dying without an estate plan can impose a serious cost to loved ones, both financial and psychological.

An estate plan is a set of written documents that functions like a detailed instructional manual to third parties.

It is important to understand that when you establish a living trust, you still should have a Will.

To coordinate the two documents, you name your living trust as the beneficiary of your Will.

Each understands the importance of private keys and that unavoidable risks are created when relying on permissioned systems.

As individuals, Blockyard’s executives recognized the benefits of holding private keys and extended that first principle thinking to their business.

If they wouldn’t trust their personal bitcoin with a third-party, the same principle would apply to the business.

Financial Services Integrated with Collaborative CustodyIn addition to collaborative custody and advanced permissions for business accounts, BlockYard leverages the full suite of financial services offered by Unchained.

BlockYard works with Unchained’s OTC desk to convert US dollars into bitcoin as their fast …

For clients that need tax-efficient access to liquidity, we offer dollar denominated loans, and we secure bitcoin as collateral through our custody platform while a loan is outstanding.

Expanding this service is a core focus for us over the next twelve months, as is a bitcoin lending pilot that we’re in the process of launching.

We want to help as many clients buy bitcoin direct to multisig cold-storage as possible and we also plan to deliver the most secure bitcoin lending product in the market.

In the future, we’ll continue to integrate additional services as bitcoin matures as a day-to-day transactional currency, from applications to support bitcoin payments to managing merchant services…

2020 is over and etched into the bitcoin blockchain forever.

The HODL Waves is a data visualization that displays colored bands representing the percentage of total bitcoin and the length of time that bitcoin has been sitting in a given address.

By comparing the age of bitcoin sitting in addresses to the current US dollar prices, we can make some interesting conjectures about the bitcoin economy and the sentiment of HODLers (what does HODL mean?).

The 2020 Price Crash and the Cycle’s Deep HODLLet’s take a look at some of the major events of 2020.

Outside of a savage 60% price crash and speedy recovery in March 2020, the HODL waves for the year looks like what you would expect from a fledgli…

Financialization has been so errantly normalized that the lines between saving (not taking risk) and investing (taking risk) have become blurred to the extent that most people think of the two activities as being one in the same.

The unending devaluation of monetary savings forces unwanted and unwarranted risk taking on to those that make up the economy.

Bitcoin and the Great DefinancializationThe primary incentive to save bitcoin is that it represents an immutable right to own a fixed percentage of all the world’s money indefinitely.

Definancialization will principally be observed through growing bitcoin adoption, the appreciation of bitcoin relative to every other asset and the deleveragi…

Unchained Capital clients love the simple trust-minimized external recovery from collaborative custody vaults using Caravan, and now Caravan becomes more functional with the addition of Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT) support.

PSBT support means that Caravan can be used completely air-gapped to generate and sign multisignature addresses with a Coldcard, and it makes future hardware wallet integrations easier, assuming the hardware wallet manufacturer supports the PSBT standard.

The test suite is perfect for hardware wallet manufacturers interested in integrating their devices with Caravan and other web-based multisignature applications.

Below are the steps to create a Coldcard m…

Planetary blockchains such as bitcoin and Muskcoin have short block times of ~10 minutes and correspondingly small hash horizons.

If, like these planetary blockchains, belters choose a convenient time near 10 minutes, then their hash horizons will be similarly small.

Type I & II Blockchains Are DifferentThough they work on the same principles, the vast difference in scale between stellar Type II and planetary Type I blockchains doesn’t just make Solcoin bigger, it makes it different.

Type I & II Civilizations are DifferentType II civilizations are as different from Type I civilizations as Type II blockchains are from Type I blockchains.

Let’s explore some of the ways Type I & II civilizatio…

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

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The Blocksize War – Chapter 4 – Scaling II – Hong KongA few months after Scaling I, phase two of the Scaling conference series took place in Hong Kong on December 6 and 7, 2015.

Hong Kong was chosen due to the close proximity to China, where many Bitcoin miners were based.

The atmosphere in Hong Kong felt much livelier and more intense than Montreal.

In Hong Kong now, we’re looking at here are all the issues, the validation costs, the various proposals et cetera.

I remember looking over the towering skyscrapers in central Hong Kong, the city that was soon to be my new home.

The Blocksize War – Chapter 3 – Scaling I – MontrealOn the weekend of September 12 and 13, 2015, there was a conference called “Scaling Bitcoin 2015 Phase 1” in Montreal, Canada.

A problem which, according to the large blockers, did not, or more precisely, should not, exist.

Some of the large blockers appeared to simply have cause and effect the wrong way around.

The scientific merit format was certainly how many small blockers wanted the space to evolve.

They cynically renamed the Scaling Bitcoin conference series as “Stalling Bitcoin”.

Many large blockers contend that the measure was only temporary, although no notes from the time that I could find indicate this.

The next key event of interest, and something widely cited by the large blockers, occurred on October 4, 2010.

In general, Mike, Gavin and large blockers were opposed to RBF, while small blockers tended to support it.

This is another example of a distinction which was crucial to small blockers, but which the large blockers simply did not see or agree with.

In contrast, the large blockers wanted to ensure exactly the opposite; they wanted the blocksize limit to increase faster than demand.

Most people also seemed to agree that the proposed increase in Bitcoin XT was too aggressive and that something more moderate was required.

Bitcoin XT was a software implementation of Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 101 (BIP 101), one of many in a long line of proposals to increase the blocksize limit.

The Bitcoin XT software was extremely controversial inside the so-called “small block” camp, primarily because it was an incompatible upgrade to the network.

Control of a software repository, of course, does not mean control over Bitcoin, as Bitcoin users can run any software they like, from any repository they like.

On August 17, 2015, two days after the official launch of Bitcoin XT, Theymos a…

We are delighted to announce the publication of a new book by BitMEX Research.

The book covers the major twists and turns of Bitcoin’s blocksize war, which raged on inside the Bitcoin space for over two years, from mid 2015 to late 2017.

Book SynopsisThe book covers Bitcoin’s blocksize war, which was waged from August 2015 to November 2017.

Profits From Book Sales50% of any profits from physical book sales will be donated to Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).

Publication On The BitMEX Research BlogThe book will also be published on the BitMEX Research blog.

In this post, I’ll describe how in a User Activated Soft Fork, Bitcoin holders can verifiably commit to losing coins2 if Taproot does not activate, which honestly signals a commitment to only recognize a chain which enforces Taproot.

/// > If taproot is active, the funds are safe in that key /// > If taproot is not active, a miner may steal the funds declare!

{non updatable} } /// The actual logic for each TapBet impl TapBet { /// The waiting period is over, sample if Taproot is active guard!

So, should you rush out to go and make an honest signal that you want Taproot by a certain date?

Would someone really pay you to lose money to miners if Taproot doesn’t activate?

In dollar terms, CME’s BTC volumes increased by 108.6% to $50.1bn.

Top Tier Exchanges Continue to Gain Market Share Over Lower Tier ExchangesIn January, Top-Tier volumes increased 109.4% to $1.71tn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 67.6% to $596bn.

Exchange Benchmark AnalysisIn January, Top-Tier volumes increased 109.4% to $1.71tn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 67.6% to $596bn.

Binance was the largest derivatives exchange in January by monthly trading volume with $890bn (up 97% since December).

In terms of total USD trading volume, CME’s crypto derivatives volumes increased by 108.6% to $50.1bn in January.

Here is how current block validation works compared to Utreexo CSN block validation for extending the main chain:Current Block validation Utreexo CSN block validation 1.

We avoid having to soft fork by having transitional nodes called bridge nodes that bridge the new Utreexo nodes and current Bitcoin nodes.

However, when a Utreexo node connects to a bridge node, it will serve Utreexo proofs on top of the normal block it would serve a non-Utreexo node.

However, to have the UTXO set at block 500, we need the UTXO set at block 499.

Going forwardAs mentioned in “Current Progress on Claim 1”, we will be doing more performance optimizations on the Utreexo CSN.

We also benchmarked our results against the real Bitcoin network and we were able to beat the real Bitcoin miners by generating 0.15% more in hypothetical fee income.

The Bitcoin developers have designed the transaction selection algorithm to select transactions which should maximise fee revenue.

Figure 3 below shows the differences in fee income between our locally produced blocks and the real network blocks over time.

At the early stage transaction censorship is likely to be based on a blacklist, with only a few economically insignificant UTXOs listed.

ConclusionIt is the proposed transaction censorship pool which has prompted us to conduct this research.

Abstract: In this nostalgic look back into Bitcoin’s history, we go back over eight years, to the London Bitcoin Conference of 2012.

OverviewIn this piece we review the London 2012 Bitcoin Conference, held at Imperial (Russell Square) on the 15th and 16th of September 2012.

It was the first major Bitcoin conference this author attended and the second major conference ever, following the Prague conference in 2011, which many of the attendees had been to.

The tickets to the event cost £50, you could either pay cash on the door or in advance with bitcoin.

If you did not spend your bitcoin when going to a Bitcoin conference, when would you ever spend it?

Grayscale is the current clear leader, with over 550,000 bitcoin under management in its Bitcoin trust.

Grayscale TrustsGrayscale’s Bitcoin Trust [GBTC US] is by far the most popular Bitcoin investment vehicle which is traded on mainstream securities exchanges.

In our view the current situation is not sustainable and the premium will decline, either driven by reduced demand for Bitcoin or increased competition from other exchange traded bitcoin products.

Name Ticker Assets (US$m) Premium/(discount) to NAV Grayscale Bitcoin Trust GBTC US 10,569 23.0% Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETHE US 1,671 141.0% Grayscale Ethereum Classic Trust ETCG US 75.4 46.2% Grayscale Litecoin Trust LTCN US 74.4 3,197.4…

Stake Certificates) to solve the channel jamming problem.

They start the piece by overviewing issues with other solutions, and then present a naive, privacy-broken Stake Certificates.

Let’s first define the terms here one more time, and then proceed to the non-naive, private Stake Certificates.

ConclusionWe propose Stake Certificates, a new solution to channel jamming.

Since this might be useful in other contexts (Sybil-resistance of many kinds, proof-of-ownership), discussing Stake Certificates is even more useful.

Regular vs blind merge miningIt is also important to explain and identify two theoretical types of merge mining: regular merge mining and blind merge mining.

Regular merge mining is conducted by Bitcoin miners, while blind merge mining can normally be conducted by anyone, who then pays Bitcoin miners in fees.

Characteristics of regular vs blind merge miningRegular merge mining Blind merge mining Who conducts the mining?

Unfortunately, as far as we are aware, currently merged mining is primarily conducted the regular way, and blind merge mining is relatively rare.

Examples of blind merge mining systems include two competing proposals: an earlier proposal from Paul Sztorc’s (who identified ma…

Abstract: In this short piece, 100x Group grantee Calvin Kim provides a quick update on the development of the Utreexo implementation.

Calvin is now looking forward to focusing on performance, integration with existing Bitcoin implementations, and adding robust tests to the codebase.

Last year, when my first PR was merged, the Utreexo project was just past its proof of concept stage.

With the merge of https://github.com/mit-dci/utreexo/pull/192 which revamps the disk-storage for Utreexo bridgenodes, I believe we’re a step further in completing our implementation of the Utreexo project.

If anyone is interested in contributing to the project, do check out github issues (https://github.com/mit…

In this episode, Su and I discuss the rise of WallStreetBets and financial populism in general.

As one of the most experienced market participants I know, Su has a unique perspective on the story behind the GameStop short squeeze.

We explore why he thinks it is going to end in tears for small investors, which invisible rules of the traditional financial system have been laid bare for everyone to see, and how all of this massively validates crypto and Defi going forward.

Listen to the Episode now

But I think that the right way to think about multi party computation is basically just an implementation of multi signature.

And they are trying to get into the DeFi right now.

Arthur 36:32I think right now, I think for Nexus Mutual is a, it’s a bit of a debate.

So I think that’s kind of the expansion of the scope.

Hasu 58:04Yeah, I think that’s, I think that’s spot on.

After our episode on the top 20 crypto coins (#15) by market cap, we got a lot of requests to do one for Defi as well.

For that discussion, we brought in one of the foremost experts on Defi.

Arthur0x went from being one of the earliest users and investors at Synthetix, Aave, and Kyber, to running the largest Defi-focused fund in all of Asia.

The conversation ran pretty long, so we are releasing it in two parts.

Listen to Part 1Listen to Part 2We don’t have a transcript yet, but if you feel like writing one, feel free to PM me on Twitter or email it to hasu@uncommoncore.co.

In this paper, we introduce our model of Bitcoin’s security, which depends on a surprisingly small number of factors.

We find that Bitcoin can tolerate a high incentive to attack today, but the declining block subsidy poses a substantial risk for the future.

That was a really really crazy time for me with all the farming going on.

One of the problems with defi tokens until that point was that they were pretty illiquid.

DS: Perhaps not many of the current community share this aspiration of mine, but I really really want to see synthetic stablecoins outside of the USD being used outside of trading purposes and as an alternative to “official” digital fiat currencies.

don’t really like buy-and-burn models because you need to assume going concern and a secondary market bid.

I almost didn’t even want to farm the YFI tokens because I was thinking, “What would they govern, and why would they govern?

Even inside the crypto market or equities market, there exist many different products, many different time zones etc.

I think BTC is the clear denomination for the biggest players in crypto, that’s your CZs and miners and exchanges.

So I think BTC has the network effect as the base money and that is very hard to overcome.

Therefore I think ETH is currently in a more precarious situation than people realise:The ETH 2.0 roadmap is very complex.

The roll-up roadmap is promising but I don’t think it will deliver the things people are hyping it to be.

Today, I’m sitting down with Su Zhu, my co-host and friend, to talk about the state of the crypto market and what he’s seeing on the horizon.

But in practice, what has happened is that the largest players in crypto itself just use it as a money market.

If you don’t need to make money on trades … so, people who LP in Uniswap don’t need to make money, right?

So, to say that because he’s short selling – it kind of just tells you the mood of the market, right?

But in Ethereum Defi, there’s this big meme around like, oh you never sell, oh you never do this or do that.

So I think you’re right, but I think there’s some nuance there where it doesn’t have to converge.

So, I mean, in general, it depends on how specific we want to be on what is perpetual swap, right?

You’re, you’re giving the market a market order.

Because if you’re letting your long expire, you’re basically if you’re market neutral, you’re presuming, you’re saying the market that you’re going to now bid spot to replicate your exposure back to get your long back.

Su Zhu (00:48:50):I think there’s, there’s a lot of there’s a lot of cool stuff that can be done.

I’m, I’m, I’m just personally not a fan of that design pattern.

Because I’m, I’m, I’m also a interesting it’s, it’s interesting how my, my feelings on this has changed over the last few months.

And, and so, so, so that’s, that’s, that’s originally where our discussion started.

So yeah, that’s, that’s, that’s hopefully a step in, in a, in a better direction.

Which, which, again, I’m, I’m, I’m happy to, to, to challenge and fight and to see where it goes.

And, and, and that’s, that’s still the purpose of the yearn system overall is to maximize APR for its LPs.

And that’s where I’d like to see it as well, because I’m, I’m, I’m a, I’m a big, I’m a big advocate for sustainable yields.

Like it’s, it’s, I’m, I’m, I’m really actually unhappy with it, but at the same time, it was very interesting to see, but, but I, I traced all of the sell events.

So, so I’m, I’m, I’m tempted to say that that’s already, I’m already observing that.

But again, that’s, that’s, that’s one of those, those fascinating side effects that like, like so much has already happened, that I could not predict them in any kind of design ideas.

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This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

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This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

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Why this bull run is fundamentally different from 2017Bitcoin is nearing its prior all-time high (ATH), set in December 2017. It’s entirely plausible that we could regain the heady $20,000 level within the next few weeks or months.This time, it’s happening without much fanfare, and without the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) phenomenon which intensified the price action (investors bought BTC in order to participate in ICOs, driving the price up).If you gauge metrics of retail investor interest in the asset, whether it’s tweets or google searches, Bitcoin is still languishing well below it’s highs. This is causing a fair amount of puzzlement.Many are wondering what the cause of Bitcoin’s renewed…

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

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Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.

The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked.

Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.