Michael S. Barr, a former U.S. Treasury Department official and onetime member of Ripple’s board of directors, is likely to become the next Comptroller of the Currency, the Wall Street Journal reported Wednesday.

If named and confirmed by the U.S. Senate, Barr will succeed Brian Brooks, the former Coinbase executive who served as Acting Comptroller for the last half of 2020.

The news comes days after Politico first reported that Barr was under consideration, alongside law professor Mehrsa Baradaran.

Barr joined Ripple’s board of directors in 2015, though a company spokesperson confirmed he was no longer a member earlier this week.

The spokesperson did not immediately respond to a question a…

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Bitcoin may be the original cryptocurrency, but that doesn’t mean leading decentralized finance (DeFi) projects aren’t feeling self-confident enough to distinguish themselves from Satoshi’s vision.

Last year, Cronje put up a proposal himself to never mint any more YFI and it seemed to pass.

“What we had in September was a classic case of misalignment between stakeholders in the YFI community,” Spencer Noon, now of Variant Fund, told CoinDesk.

“Don’t give away your tokens,” Cronje wrote.

Yearn is currently earning around $100,000 per week in fees, and community member Ryan Watkins contended that this could be better reinvested in Yearn itself.

Bitcoin is recovering from a steady price decline while ether options traders anticipate another high-water mark after it hit an all-time high of $1,439.

Bitcoin trading on Bitstamp since Jan. 16.

The bitcoin market overall is still in bull mode; less than a month ago, the spot price per 1 BTC was below $25,000.

In fact, current-day options orientation in the ether market heavily favors calls, according to Skew.

Current-day ether options flows.

The number of tether transactions on the Tron blockchain have passed Ethereum’s count for three consecutive weeks as fees on the number two blockchain remain high.

Total weekly tether transactions on Ethereum have held steady at around 1.5 million for the past four weeks.

“As fees go up, [tether] transactions tend to shift from Ethereum to Tron,” Maddrey said.

But which network claims the largest share of Tether transactions is still somewhat of an open question.

Tether transactions skewing heavily toward just one or two blockchains wouldn’t be surprising, Maddrey told CoinDesk.

Adult entertainment website Pornhub, which last month was booted off mainstream payment networks, has added a fellow outcast to its lineup of acceptable cryptocurrencies: XRP.

The massive video site began taking payments in USDC stablecoins sometime in the past month, according to The Block.

The additions bring the total number of cryptocurrencies users can pay for Pornhub premium subscriptions to 16.

Litigation against XRP issuer Ripple Labs alleging the token is an unregistered security has prompted over a dozen exchanges to delist the token, making the Pornhub move a rare recent win for the cryptocurrency.

As a new administration is sworn in, how will one if its most important officials – nominated Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen – impact the digital assets space?

This episode is sponsored by Nexo.io.

Today on the Brief:Jack Ma is not deadThe latest in crypto M&ADeutsche Bank survey sites bitcoin as biggest bubbleOur main discussion: Yellen’s impact on bitcoin and digital assetsIn this episode, NLW breaks down the cryptocurrency FUD competing to be the “wall of worry” for the new 2021 bull market, including Tether FUD, environmental FUD and the idea that crypto is only used for crime.

The illicit transactions idea was given new oxygen when Janet Yellen repeated it in her Senate confirmation h…

Profit-taking occurred in the spot market during Asian market hours after bitcoin failed to consolidate around the record high of $40,000 in the past week.

Instead, they are either taking profits by selling on the spot market or executing arbitrate trades by shorting the spot market.

Data from on-chain analytics firm CryptoQuant also indicates there is selling pressure on the spot market.

Ki told CoinDesk one indicator to watch is bitcoin outflow from Coinbase, usually a metric that implies an institution’s bitcoin purchase via over-the-counter desks.

Once significant bitcoin outflows from Coinbase take place, bitcoin’s price could recover and even go up as high as $100,000, he said.

“Right now, low interest rates tell us there’s no evidence that we’re borrowing too much money,” Stanford economist Erik Brynjolfsson said.

“I think the greater risks are still on the side of secular stagnation and low interest rates,” Summers said.

“It’s possible, even likely, that government policy over the coming year will change that and start bringing interest rates back up,” Brynjolfsson said.

“The Fed may monetize some of that [debt] by printing money.”Right now, the markets are screaming for more debt.

(The real interest rate is the interest rate when inflation is taken into account.)

Nasdaq-listed bitcoin mining company Bit Digital (BTBT) dismissed allegations of fraud against the company made in a recently published report by J Capital Research.

Without specifically naming the report, a press release from the mining company responded to “false accusations” about its business.

J Capital also called Bit Digital a “sham bitcoin business,” claiming to have verified with local Chinese government officials that Bit Digital has “no bitcoin miners” there, casting doubt over the legitimacy of its Asia-based mining operations in China.

Since then, Bit Digital shares have dropped over 35% to around $16.

On a phone call, Perrill said his team is also “in talks about significantly …

BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager with $17.81 trillion under management, appears to have granted at least two of its funds the ability to invest in bitcoin futures.

Prospectus documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Wednesday indicate that BlackRock Global Allocation Fund Inc. and BlackRock Funds V are at least eyeing bitcoin.

BlackRock did not state which commodity exchange it will choose to execute bitcoin futures buys.

However, the funds may only invest in cash-settled bitcoin futures.

CME is the only exchange registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) that offers cash-settled bitcoin futures at this time.

Bitcoin shed a couple thousand dollars in overnight trading, while larger wallet addresses appear to be consolidating their holdings.

JPMorgan analysts have cited a long-term bitcoin price target of over $146,000, based on a comparison to gold.

It’s for this reason that some keen observers think it’s not just bitcoin that’s in a bubble, but the entire financial system.

He cited, “extreme overvaluation, explosive price increases, frenzied issuance and hysterically speculative investor behaviour.”Still, many crypto analysts think there’s something different about bitcoin.

In that sense, it’s really the perfect post-modern financial asset for a post-modern financialized economy.”So is bitcoin …

The derivatives market is considered the biggest market in the world on a notional basis, eclipsing even the ballooning world debt market by four times.

However, on a gross market value basis, the derivatives market is considered significantly smaller.

Why crypto markets should careThe crypto markets are growing and maturing, which means, inevitably, more crypto derivative products will be available in the market for institutional and retail investors to trade.

It is still very early days of crypto derivatives.

The question is, will the crypto derivatives market create it, fuel it, or help mitigate the negative fallout?

With the price of BTC down and a new report out on the decrease in criminal crypto activity, CoinDesk’s Market’s Daily is back with the latest news roundup.

Add Markets Daily to your Alexa Flash Briefing here.

Today's stories:Bitcoin fell from $36,000 to $34,000 Wednesday morning, despite continued buying from investors.

While many respondents saw bitcoin as a major bubble, 25% believed it could double its price tag to north of $70,000 by the start of 2022.

Partly offsetting the positive trend is an explosion in ransomware attacks, which rose 311% from 2019.

Even after setting a new record high of $1,439 on Monday, the rally for Ethereum’s ether cryptocurrency may have only just begun, according to Fundstrat Global Advisors strategist David Grider.

Basing his prediction partly on use cases for Ethereum’s blockchain technology, Grider wrote in a note Tuesday that ether has scope for a rally to $10,500, according to Bloomberg.

That’s an over seven-fold rise from the current price of $1,320.

Ethereum is also eyeing transaction processing ability to rival card payment giants with a major network upgrade, per the report.

Ethereum launched its Beacon chain in December, kicking off a three-part series of transitions aimed at building a blockchain capa…

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Like his predecessor, Barr would bring cryptocurrency experience to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), a US Treasury office that regulates national banks and credit unions.

In addition to working on Dodd-Frank banking reforms in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, when he was Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions at the Treasury, Barr was named an advisor to Ripple Labs in 2015.

It's sued Ripple Labs and two of its executives for more than $1 billion in relation to alleged sales of an unregistered security—XRP.

Outgoing acting OCC head Brian Brooks also had links to the crypto industry.

Late in his tenure, the OCC issued guidance that banks could use block…

In brief President Biden today put a freeze on federal rulemaking.

This pauses progress of a proposed FinCEN rule that would regulate transactions to private crypto wallets.

Crypto industry players believe this will allow for better engagement with the US Treasury about crypto rules.

That includes a rule proposed by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) December 18 under former US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin.

Biden has appointed Janet Yellen to take over as Treasury Secretary, whose nomination must first be approved by the Senate.

One bettor has lost more than $1 million betting on a Trump win and inauguration, with many bets made after Election Day.

Yesterday, an anonymous bettor on Polymarket, an Ethereum-based betting market, put down $25,000 that Joe Biden would not be inaugurated “in-person” outside the Capitol this morning.

That whale is now in a $1 million hole on Polymarket, according to data compiled by Polymarket Whales, having lost $354,229 on bets that Trump would win the election.

But, because this is a betting market, the price of those shares fluctuates depending on how other people are betting.

The Trump-inclined bettor bought over 3.9 million shares in a Trump inauguration at an average price of just…

In brief The market cap of proof-of-stake blockchains has grown to more than $175 million in 2020, according to a new report from Staked.

But Staked, a blockchain staking infrastructure firm, thinks 2021 could be the year that staking starts to have a major impact.

Because 2020 was a pretty big year already: More than $20 billion in annual staking rewards were paid out over the course of the year, according to the firm’s State of Staking Q1 2021 report.

Staked also found that Ethereum 2.0 staking, which allows ETH to be deposited but not yet withdrawn, accounts for nearly 60% of the total market cap of staking networks.

That’s a small amount compared to other staking blockchains making head…

Joe Budden of "Pump It Up" fame is a fan of Bitcoin.

Joe Budden's claim to fame is the 2003 hit single “Pump It Up."

“Let’s pretend that I took a portion of one of my deals in Bitcoin,” mused Budden.

Cash App recently teamed up with Megan Thee Stallion for a promotional Bitcoin giveaway on Twitter.

“I fuck with people, Pomp, that think outside of the box,” said Budden.

According to the Chief Market Strategist at Barclays Private Bank, Gerald Moser, investors should keep Bitcoin out of their portfolio.

Barclays Private Bank caters to "high net worth individuals," more commonly known as rich people.

As a private bank, it offers personalized bank accounts and mortgages as well as wealth management services.

As of 2019, it was the fourth-largest private bank in the UK, with £61 billion in assets under management.

A report out yesterday from Deutsche Bank found that most money managers view Bitcoin with skepticism, believing it to be a bubble ready to pop.

Polkadot is a cryptocurrency network that wants to help weave all the disparate blockchains together.

France’s central bank has completed its first central bank digital currency fund transaction on the SETL blockchain, the Banque de France and blockchain company SETL gleefully announced yesterday.

What is a Central Bank Digital Currency?

A central bank digital currency is, through a somewhat circular definition, a virtual currency controlled by the central bank.

Unlike decentralized cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, most designs for a central bank digital currency use a centralized ledger controlled by the central bank.

He said in a statement today, “We are now excited to take our Payments offering to the next level.”But, although most European central banks (including the European Central …

Asset management giant BlackRock submitted documents to the SEC today outlining its potential move into Bitcoin futures trading.

Link to filings:https://t.co/qREGtJjIov — MacroScope (@MacroScope17) January 20, 2021"Certain Funds may engage in futures contracts based on bitcoin," each document states, adding, "The only bitcoin futures in which the Funds may invest are cash-settled bitcoin futures traded on commodity exchanges registered with the CFTC."

The documents specify two specific funds that now may participate in Bitcoin futures trading.

These include the BlackRock Global Allocation Fund and BlackRock Funds V.The BlackRock Global Allocation Fund invests in equity, debt and short term …

The crypto market bears are back today, as Bitcoin and Ethereum—the market’s leading coins—are both experiencing significant losses.

Bitcoin today shed nearly $2,000 from its price, dropping as low as $33,500, in a matter of hours.

Meanwhile, Ethereum sank by roughly $1,000 after hitting a fresh all-time high above $1,400 yesterday.

Crypto traders and investors remained optimistic, however, considering the coin is still well above its 2017 all-time high, and the recent rise in institutional investment in Bitcoin could mean its price could rise further still.

The world’s largest altcoin has dropped 7% from its recently registered all-time high.

In brief Privacy coin Firo is the latest proof-of-work coin to suffer a 51% attack.

Firo, the privacy-oriented cryptocurrency, has suffered a 51% attack, which resulted in the blockchain having to be significantly reorganized.

“We are under 51% attack at the moment.

“51% attack, 306 blocks rolled back, to 2021-01-18 17:24:20(UTC).

XZC(FIRO) 51% attack, 306 blocks rolled back, to 2021-01-18 17:24:20(UTC).

In brief Nayms is launching its first pilot, a digital insurance contract for Coinlist.

The company has partnered with MakerDAO to collateralize smart insurance contracts with the Dai stablecoin.

London-based insurtech startup Nayms has closed a £1.5 million ($2 million) seed round led by XBTO.

Broadly speaking, any technology used by an insurance company to increase the efficiency of its operations could be considered insurtech.

Using the Dai stablecoin to collateralize smart insurance contracts, Nayms is also looking to apply its tech to the wider insurance market.

In brief Crypto derivatives exchange Bit.com will launch Bitcoin Cash perpetual swaps tomorrow.

To celebrate, the platform will dole out $100,000 in BCH to new traders.

Seychelles-based crypto derivatives exchange Bit.com has announced the launch of Bitcoin Cash (BCH) perpetual contracts trading, and incentivized users to try them out by offering $100,000 worth of BCH as a giveaway.

We are excited to launch #BCH perpetual swaps today.

Bit.com was established in February 2019 by Matrixport, a crypto-financial services platform that sprouted from mining equipment giant Bitmain Technologies.

In the first chapter in our how to invest in cryptocurrency series, we consider the basics of volatility, utility and appetite for risk.

Biden’s US Treasury Secretary nominee raises concerns over crypto terrorism financingSpeaking during her virtual confirmation hearing before the U.S. Senate, Janet Yellen — President-elect Joe Biden’s nominee for the Treasury Department — identified cryptos as a concern in terms of terrorist financing and money laundering.

Doubling down on her anti-crypto rhetoric, Yellen remarked “I think many [cryptocurrencies] are used, at least in transactions sense, mainly for illicit financing and I think we really need to examine ways in which we can curtail their use and make sure that money laundering doesn’t occur through those channels.”

Grayscale purchased $600M Bitcoin in the last 24 hoursGrayscale, the world’s largest cryptocurrency asset management firm, has accumulated 16,244 Bitcoin worth more than $600 million in the last 24 hours due to growing institutional demand.

The company now has more than 630,000 BTC worth nearly $23 billion.

According to the data provided by the crypto analytics company Bybt.com, Grayscale’s total crypto assets under management (AUM) jumped above $27 billion on Tuesday as the price of Bitcoin crossed $37,000.

The total market cap of cryptocurrencies reached $1.06 trillion.

The company has accumulated nearly 26,000 Bitcoin in the last 7 days.

South Korea’s Dunamu launches Bitcoin ‘fear and greed’ index to guide tradersSouth Korean fintech firm Dunamu, operator of cryptocurrency exchange Upbit, developed a digital assets “fear and greed” index to help investors and traders make better decisions.

Dunamu’s new tool will reflect five different levels of sentiment, from ”extreme fear“ to ”extreme greed."

Updated every five minutes, the index uses data on market volatility along with the trading price and transaction volume.

Fear-and-greed indices are said to be able to help traders better decide when the market is acting emotionally one way or the other.

For example, extreme greed indicates that the market is over-optimistic, while e…

Former Real Madrid striker becomes first-ever footballer bought with BitcoinDavid Barral, the former Real Madrid and Levante striker, has become the first-ever player to be purchased using Bitcoin.

The 37-year-old has officially signed for Segunda B side DUX Internacional de Madrid this week in a deal funded entirely through the use of Bitcoin.

In a post on social media, Internacional welcomed the experienced forward while thanking their sponsor.

"David Barral new player of DUX Internacional de Madrid, welcome to the infinite club!"

Thanks to Criptan, our new sponsor, for making it possible."

Aussie Bitcoin trader sues bank for service denialAllan Flynn, an Australian cryptocurrency trader, has filed a lawsuit against the country’s two major commercial banks, alleging them of discrimination and unlawfully closing his accounts.

Flynn runs a cryptocurrency over-the-counter (OTC) desk and reportedly serves around 450 clients.

How am I supposed to run a lawful business if I can’t get a bank account?” Flynn said.

The Bitcoin trader holds a license from the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC), which allows him to run a legal crypto business.

But, according to the banks, he was involved in cryptocurrency fraud.

Bitstamp to track off-exchange addresses through KYCBitstamp will now require Dutch users to link their identity to off-exchange withdrawal addresses.

It is one of the first major exchanges to introduce this rule.

Though the rule was introduced in response to Dutch regulations, similar regulations are under consideration in the U.S.

Iranian police confiscate 45,000 bitcoin mining machines illegally using subsidized electricityMohammad Hassan Motavalizadeh, head of Iran’s state-run electricity company Tavanir, said on Saturday that the miners, mostly of the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) type, had been consuming 95 megawatts per hour (MWh) of electricity at an ultra-cheap price.

“The total reduced consumption corresponds to the (electricity) use for a city with a population of over half a million,” said the official.

Ex Canadian Prime Minister says Bitcoin could be a Reserve CurrencyEx-Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said Bitcoin could serve a greater purpose, as a part of a basket of reserve alternatives to the U.S. dollar.

Harper also said that the U.S. dollar could be replaced by large currencies like Euro or the Chinese Yuan.

Offline travel app Maps.me raises $50M in funding round and plans to add DeFi multicurrency walletAn offline mobile map for travelers has raised $50 million in a funding round led by Alameda Research.

The fresh capital will go toward the launch of a multi-currency wallet on Maps.me and enable a decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem on the platform.

The Maps.me wallet is expected to “unlock DeFi tools” for its 140 million users by allowing them to access a range of payment and investment tools.

The move intends to remove intermediaries and banks from the financing-of-travel equation by enabling users to store value and earn yields of up to 8%.

Users will also be able to send and spend money…

Bitcoin ‘Is here to stay’, says former US Treasury Secretary Larry SummersFormer U.S. Treasury Secretary Dr. Lawrence H. Summers, one of America’s most prominent economists, (a Harvard professor, and worked in the Clinton and Obama administrations, World Bank) responded to the question of whether Bitcoin is a bubble.

This was his reply:“I’m not going to predict its fluctuations over the next six months, but I think some institutions like it, is here to stay.

I don’t think that the whole thing is going to collapse.

I think that having run up and then run way down, and then move back, it looks much more resilient, and therefore I think people are going to move towards it, and as people move t…

NYPD details its use of cryptocurrency transaction analysis in policy documentThe New York Police Department (NYPD) published a six-page document that outlines its use policy for cryptocurrency transaction analysis last week.

The NYPD's use of such tools, sourced from unnamed "approved vendors," was not publicly known until now.

The disclosure comes as part of a broader release of impact and use policies related to its surveillance capabilities.

In the document, dated January 11, the NYPD said that it "utilizes cryptocurrency analysis tools to automate the search for information associated with cryptocurrency transactions in furtherance of criminal investigations."

Canadian Bitcoin fund 3iQ reaches $1B in value3iQ, a Canada-based cryptocurrency and digital asset management firm, has bagged a record number in its public Bitcoin fund as a result of the crypto rally.

During the week, the firm marked the milestone achievement of $1 billion USD in the fund.

Since its launch in April 2020, the fund has seen exponential growth.

Центральный Банк Франции во вторник заявил, что успешно провел первую транзакцию в рамках пилотного проекта по разработке CBDC.

Banque de France провел полный расчетный цикл вместе с лондонским провайдером инфраструктуры для платежей – SETL.

Именно SETL предоставил инфраструктуру на базе распределенного реестра и организовал проведение транзакций, передает financemagnates.comВ ходе эксперимента Banque de France смоделировал денежный перевод на сумму в 2 млн евро с использованием CBDC.

Центробанк Франции уже некоторое время занимается разработкой собственной криптовалюты и даже протестировал ее в реальных условиях с Société Générale.

Для проекта даже определили 7 ключевых партнеров, среди ко…

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Пользователь купил 4,3 биткойна на платформе Saddle.finance сразу после ее запуска.

в криптовалюте за одну операцию, вложив всего $13 тыс.

Произошло это вчера, 19 января, на DeFi-платформе Saddle.finance сразу после ее запуска.

Но сразу после запуска механизма, возможно, произошел сбой, который повлиял на курсы синтетических биткойнов на платформе.

на $163 тыс., за одну операцию увеличив капитал на 1150%.

Отправить на электронный адресВаше имяВаш адрес электронной почтыСообщение не было отправлено — проверьте адреса электронной почты!

Проверка по электронной почте не удалась, попробуйте еще разК сожалению, ваш блог не может делиться ссылками на записи по электронной почте.

Что ожидает нас в будущем и как отразятся на благосостоянии простых людей и предпринимателей неоднозначные решения глав государств?

РоссияВ 2020 г. в России не раз поднимался вопрос окончательного установления статуса криптовалют, и в итоге был сформирован основополагающий законопроект.

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАКОН О ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ АКТИВАХ, ЦИФРОВОЙ ВАЛЮТЕ И О ВНЕСЕНИИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКТЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИЗеркало: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_358753/ (удобнее изучать)***Ограничения и налоги на использование криптовалютВопрос: кто внимательно прочитал этот 107-страничный документ?

Там же открыто ввели смарт-контракты на блокчейне и в разы уменьшили налог…

Koмпaния Mitsubishi Electric oбъeдинилacь c иccлeдoвaтeлями из пpecтижнoгo япoнcкoгo унивepcитeтa Tokуo Tech для paзpaбoтки тopгoвoй cиcтeмы нa ocнoвe блoкчeйнa, кoтopaя будeт пoддepживaть P2P-тopгoвлю энepгиeй.

Цeль тopгoвoй cиcтeмы – гapaнтиpoвaть, чтo в любoй мoмeнт будeт имeтьcя нeoбxoдимoe кoличecтвo избытoчнoй элeктpoэнepгии, дocтупнoe для пoтpeбитeлeй.

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To, чтo в Mitsubishi и Tokуo Tech нaзывaют «нoвым мeтoдoм дoбычи», тpeбуeт нe тoлькo м…

Новые тесты цифровой валюты Народного банка Китая прошли в Шэньчжэне, граждане провели операции на сумму около $3 млн.

Власти Шэньчжэня сообщили результаты нового тестирования цифрового юаня.

Его участники совершили почти 140 тыс.

Некоторые пользователи пополняли балансы, внеся в долларовом эквиваленте около $231 тыс.

Также в конце прошлого года прошел тест использования цифрового юаня в офлайн-режиме.

Maкcимaльнo вoзмoжную блaгocклoннocть oнa пoкaзaлa, oтмeнив зaпpeт нa иcпoльзoвaниe цифpoвыx вaлют, чeм пpизнaлa иx кaк aктив, нo нe кaк cpeдcтвo oбмeнa.

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Oднaкo этo будeт нe зaмeнa дoллapу, a cвoeгo…

к августу текущего года, уверены в криптоинвестиционной компании Pantera Capital.

В апреле прошлого года компания дала прогноз динамике стоимости биткойна до августа 2021 года.

Он предполагал, что 15 января стоимость актива составит $38 тыс., на самом деле в этот день она поднималась до $39,7 тыс.

На начало 2021 года на их долю приходится 86% рынка, четыре года назад было около 50%.

В компании назвали четыре фактора, которые будут оказывать позитивное влияние на рынок в 2021 году: новые меры поддержки экономики США, низкие процентные ставки, рост участия институциональных инвесторов в крипторынке и развитие сферы децентрализованных финансов (DeFi).

Отправить на электронный адресВаше имяВаш адрес электронной почтыСообщение не было отправлено — проверьте адреса электронной почты!

Проверка по электронной почте не удалась, попробуйте еще разК сожалению, ваш блог не может делиться ссылками на записи по электронной почте.

Цель — развить понимание изменения курса биткойна и проверить новые подходы к объяснению ценовых колебаний и их прогнозированию.

Поскольку сейчас, по этой классификации, мы находимся в фазе роста, на ней я пока что и сосредоточился.

И, как будто это было естественно, оба тренда вновь объединяются, как будто сознательно двигаясь к общему целевому результату.

Тем не менее, важнейший вопрос и для меня, и для многих других биткойн-энтузиастов, состоит в том, когда именно будет достигнут ценовой максимум.

Существуют и нативные для криптовалют индикаторы, которые могут быть полезными в идентификации подобных ценовых пиков: MVRV и MVRV-z, HODL-волны, NVT/NVT-signal и др.

Мобильный криптобанк MinePlex объявил о запуске нового платежного шлюза, который откроет прямой доступ к криптовалютам для миллионов пользователей со всего мира.

“Основная цель MinePlex — создание мобильного криптобанка, который будет предназначен для всех пользователей криптовалюты.

Популяризация криптовалюты среди розничных пользователей приведет в конечном счете к стиранию границ между банковскими и криптовалютными услугами.

Все порталы и процессинги разрабатываются собственной командой проекта и не предполагают отсылок к третьим сторонам или посредникам.

Благодаря этому MinePlex уверен в надежном и безопасном доступе средств для своих пользователей.

Разработчики аппаратного кошелька Trezor предупредили пользователей Android-устройств о фейковом приложении Mobile Manager Wallet, распространяющемся в магазине Google Play.

pic.twitter.com/6C3iKfPDnR — Trezor (@Trezor) January 18, 2021В компании предупредили, что вредоносное приложение не имеет отношения к Trezor или SatoshiLabs и рекомендовали не устанавливать его.

На момент написания фейковое приложение все еще доступно в Google Play.

«Никогда не делитесь своей seed-фразой, пока устройство Trezor не попросит вас об этом», – напомнили разработчики.

Please, check it out and consider this approach as the only official solution: https://t.co/0aGOOi1TNj — Trezor (@Trezor) January 18, 2021В ко…

Помимо сенатских слушаний по делу возможной монополизации рынка четырьмя крупнейшими интернет-компаниями Америки, которые состоялись летом 2020 года, корпорация Apple сильно ударила по своим коллегам – Google и Facebook.

Обновленная политика конфиденциальности Apple развязала очередной виток противостояния с Facebook, которое длится уже не один год.

Летом 2020 года Facebook частично поддержала «Коалицию за справедливость приложений» и попыталась вставить в приложение для iOS сообщение, что Apple взимает 30% комиссию за покупки внутри приложения.

Как считают в Facebook, ограничения сбора персональных данных в iOS 14 лишит возможности малого бизнеса создавать и заказывать таргетированную рекл…

Крупнейший в мире управляющий активами BlackRock допустил, что два его фонда будут торговать фьючерсами на биткоин.

Это следует из документов, поданных в Комиссию по ценным бумагам и биржам США (SEC).

BlackRock just filed documents with the SEC that contain extensive discussion of Bitcoin.

Excerpt: «Certain Funds may engage in futures contracts based on bitcoin.»This appears to be the first time BlackRock has made such mentions.

Link to filings:https://t.co/qREGtJjIov— MacroScope (@MacroScope17) January 20, 2021

Разработчики ориентированного на приватность браузера Brave интегрировали поддержку протокола IPFS («межпланетной файловой системы»).

With today’s desktop browser update (v1.19), Brave is the first browser to offer a native @IPFS integration, enabling users to seamlessly browse the decentralized Web,and increasing content availability and Internet resilience.

https://t.co/t77ix0zzxo— Brave Software (@brave) January 19, 2021

Вторая по капитализации криптовалюта сохраняет предпосылки для выхода на новые рекордные максимумы, считает инвестор венчурной фирмы Variant Спенсер Нун.

По его мнению, на это указывают 11 метрик.

11 signs $ETH is going to blow past its all-time high 👇🏼— Spencer Noon (@spencernoon) January 19, 2021

Трекер статистики Coin Dance определяет 11 619 нод в сети, что также больше прошлогоднего максимума (11 250).

На момент написания на данной версии программного обеспечения работает всего 5,9% узлов сети (687 нод).

Около четверти всех нод, работающих в сети Tor, столкнется с необходимостью перехода на более актуальную версию клиента.

Новые V3-адреса с более надежной криптографией и меньшим объемом раскрываемой информации будут поддерживаться в Bitcoin Core 0.21.0 и в более новых версиях.

Close bitcoin core, download 0.21 and verify signatures, install new core, runhttps://t.co/f0D3eMXPrt— StephanLivera@bitcoinhackers.org (@stephanlivera) January 17, 2021

Аналитическая компания Chainalysis сообщила о сокращении в 2020 году доли криптовалютных транзакций, связанных с преступной деятельностью.

In 2020, ransomware revenue went up 4x, even as crime overall fell sharply as a share of all cryptocurrency activity.

Read the intro to our 2021 Crypto Crime Report here to get a full summary of the latest trends.

https://t.co/qq1aMEwGjy— Chainalysis (@chainalysis) January 19, 2021

Главный стратег финансового конгломерата Barclays Джеральд Мозер считает, что биткоин непригоден для институциональных инвесторов. Об этом сообщает Financial News. По словам Мозера, волатильность биткоина не позволит пенсионным фондам и другим крупным инвесторам вкладывать средства в криптовалюту на долгосрочной основе.

«Инвесторы просто исключат криптовалюту из портфеля при очередной оптимизации», — отметил он.

По мнению Мозера, высокая доходность биткоина обусловлена участием розничных покупателей немного больше, чем институциональными вложениями. Также стратег заявил, что биткоин не подходит для диверсификации рисков. В качестве причины специалист назвал отсутствие выраженной корреляции …

Из текста законопроекта о налогообложении операций с криптовалютой неясно, каким налогом будут облагать цифровые активы, а вводимые размеры штрафов необоснованны. Об этом говорится в заключении правового управления Госдумы РФ. Эксперты обратили внимание, что в документе цифровую валюту вывели из-под налога на добавленную стоимость и на прибыль. В связи с этим они рекомендовали дополнительно обосновать признание криптовалюты как объекта налогообложения. Законопроект вводит штрафы для граждан и организаций, которые своевременно не сообщили о праве распоряжаться криптовалютой, обороте средств и остатке, если сумма поступлений или списаний за год превысила эквивалент 600 000 рублей. Если плател…

Материал подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿.За 11 лет существования Биткоин громко заявил о себе. Кто-то называет его новой революционной технологией, кто-то — деньгами будущего. Но суть в том, что он уже кардинально изменил жизни тысяч людей. У Биткоина появилось огромное количество как приверженцев, так и противников. Сотни раз его не только обрекали на смерть, но и распространяли множество мифов с целью поставить под сомнение как способность Биткоина к процветанию, так и целесообразность продолжения работы над протоколом.Целью данного материала является краткий пошаговый ответ на каждое из данных заблуждений с предоставлением ссылок на более детальные исследования по актуальным на сегодняшни…

Перевод материала Coldcard 101 подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Coldcard — это аппаратный кошелек, разработанный командой Coinkite. Аппаратный кошелек — это устройство, основной целью которого является защита приватных ключей пользователя.Любой, у кого есть доступ к вашим приватным ключам, может потратить все биткоины, хранящиеся в этом кошельке, поэтому переоценить значимость безопасного хранения приватных ключей невозможно. Coldcard использует ряд механизмов и уникальных функций с целью обеспечения безопасности ваших биткоинов на высшем уровне. Coldcard не поставляется с собственным приложением или дополнительным программным обеспечением. Выбор ПО для работы с кошельком является исключительн…

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

Хэл Финни — история жизниПеревод эссе о Хэле Финни, подготовленного компанией криоконсервации Alcor, подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Это — новый взгляд на его личную жизнь, идеалы и вечный оптимизм даже перед лицом необратимой смерти.Хотя Хэл широко известен своими новаторскими профессиональными достижениями в киберпространстве и технических кругах, его повседневная жизнь рисует гораздо более детальную картину о его яркой личности. Он был преданным мужем, отцом и неравнодушным человеком с большим жизненным опытом, достигнувшим многого.Южная Калифорния, корниГарольд Томас Финни родился весной 1956 г. в маленьком городке Коалинга, штат Калифорния. Отец Хэла долгое время был сотрудником Union Oi…

Перевод статьи What is Multisig подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Самостоятельное хранение или доверие третьей стороне?Благодаря Биткоину у частных лиц и бизнесов теперь появилась возможность взять на себя важную ответственность: возможность в одностороннем порядке контролировать свои собственные средства. Истинное владение биткоинами подразумевает управление своими приватными ключами. Именно приватные ключи являются инструментами, необходимыми для авторизации перевода средств. Ничего, кроме хранения приватных ключей, нельзя считать контролем над собственными средствами. В противном случае деньги контролируются третьей стороной, что, как правило, делает сам факт обладания биткоинами бессмысленн…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Улицы немного оживились, бизнесы и производства постепенно готовятся к возобновлению былых темпов. На горизонте появилась надежда. Может, правительства и центральные банки и правда знают, что делают? А все эти горе-экономисты, самоучки со своими устрашающими прогнозами просто злятся, что им не нашлось места в кабинете министров? Может и так, но прежде, чем строить “Наполеоновские планы”, удели 10 минут прочтению этой статьи. Обещаю, что если ты не найдешь ее полезной, я больше не бу…

Модификация фото Пауло КарролоСегодня предлагаю заглянуть в будущее и обратить внимание на то, насколько редким является биткоин. С каждой эпохой производство биткоинов будет замедляться все сильнее, а борьба за монеты лишь ужесточится. Статья, подготовленная @mtc, предлагает взглянуть на динамику появления биткоинов самым что ни на есть глобальным образом.— Tony ₿Взгляд на динамику появления биткоиновЛишь несколько дней назад на майнинг одного биткоина уходило около 48 секунд. Эти вычисления основаны на времени, затрачиваемом на производство полного блока, равного приблизительно 10-и минутам при вознаграждении за блок в 12,5 BTC. 11 мая 2020 года вознаграждение за блок уменьшилось вдвое до…

Я подготовил квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг”. Квиз, как вы уже поняли, посвящен истории эволюции денег и роли Биткоина в современной экономической похлебке.Пройди этот квиз чтобы оценить собственные знания монетарной истории и Биткоина. Поделись им с друзьями, и, надеюсь, что он поможет вам узнать что-то новое и интересное о деньгах, Биктоине и том, как все это работает. Подробные ответы на все вопросы квиза можно найти на сайте BITCOIN TRANSLATED , и нашем телеграм каналеУчись вместе с нами, чтобы стать на шаг ближе к собственному финансовому суверенитету.Квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг” was originally published in BITCOIN TRAN…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Четвертого мая новостное агентство CNBC опубликовало статью, заголовок которой попросту не мог не привлечь внимания ни одного здравомыслящего экономиста. При этом, очередные три ТРИЛЛИОНА долларов уже не кажутся чем-то необычным в соответствии со всеми программами количественного смягчения, повышениями экономических стимулов, выкупами долгов крупнейших корпораций и “вертолетными деньгами”. А что касается подобных заголовков, то они становятся ни чем иным, как очередной историей, вря…

Перевод эссе Фила Бонелло “The Sovereign Individual” Investment Thesis от 12 ноября 2019 г. переведен биткоинером Tony ₿Информационные технологии влияют на глобальную динамику распространения власти несколькими ключевыми способами:Мгновенное распространение информации снижает коммерческие и юрисдикционные барьеры как для ее получения, так и для передачи. Это способствует росту конкуренции благодаря стимулированию предпринимательства на глобальном уровне.Создание неправительственных цифровых денег уменьшает влияние инфляции и налогообложения. Финансовые сервисы также получают возможность упрощенного выхода на глобальную арену.Шифрование снижает стоимость обеспечения безопасности. Вместе с те…

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Eric Wall is the Chief Investment Officer at Arcane Assets, but you may already know him from his writing and his presence on Twitter where he offers valuable insights on crypto markets.

He joined us on the show to share with us his deep and timely insights into the current bull run and how this compared to 2017, where it is headed from here, and also he opens up on his normally guarded thoughts on the future of Bitcoin and Ethereum.

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In today’s world, life and business is moving more into to a virtual space and this has of course been accelerated as a result of the Covid pandemic.

Now more than ever it is important to rethink the very basis of how we organise, make decisions, and structure the world’s governance.

Web3 infrastructure can provide the foundations of a digital jurisdiction.

In the Web3 world rules are enforced by decentralized governance and DAOs allow for a group of stakeholders to participate in governance of an organisation that has no affiliation to a nation state.

How do we treat that in the judicial system and how does it sit within existing national jurisdictions?

Torus is an open-source and universal key management system for the Web3 ecosystem.

Torus runs a Distributed Key Generation protocol built on Shamir’s Secret Sharing.

The Torus Wallet is the second layer to the system and allows one-click login and authentication on partners including Gmail, Facebook, or passwordless logins on Web3 applications.

Notably, clever cryptography makes it possible for users to send crypto to social accounts that don’t yet have crypto wallet.

For example, one could send crypto to a Twitter username, which could be claimed once the recipient creates an account.

Crypto is largely reliant on incentive mechanisms, and liquidity mining is one of the more recent cryptoeconomic incentive models to emerge.

When decentralized exchanges need liquidity, they can leverage liquidity mining to incentivize users to provide it.

In turn, the “miners” generate revenue, generally in the form of a native tokens, proportional to their share of liquidity in a pool.

Kain Warwick is the founder of Synthetix, a company creating synthetic assets for DeFi, enabling exposure to fiat currencies, commodities, and cryptocurrencies.

They joined us to explain the key concepts behind liquidity mining, how and why it was created, and its increasingly important role in DeFi.

Matic Network is a Layer-2 scaling solution that provides instant, low cost, and secure transactions on Ethereum.

Built on an adapted implementation of Plasma and a decentralized network of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) validators, its goal is to solve the scalability and usability issues for developers building Dapps, whilst not compromising on decentralization and user experience.

Sandeep Nailwal, COO & Co-founder of Matic, joins us to chat about how Matic works and the problems it’s solving, and we also get a fascinating look into the crypto and startup community in India.

Filecoin is a peer-to-peer network data storage network, with built-in economic incentives for storage providers.

Users can pay the network to access storage space, which can be encrypted, replicated, and highly available.

After years of development and iteration, Filecoin recently launched its mainnet.

The long term vision of the protocol is a fully decentralized future for the web.

Juan Benet, Founder & CEO of Protocol Labs, returns for the second part of this 2-part episode.

IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) is a fully decentralized distributed system for storing and accessing files, websites, applications, and data.

Released just over 5 years ago by Protocol Labs, it has had a tremendous impact in the Web3 space as the standard for how blockchain projects store data.

Filecoin is a complementary protocol to IPFS and was recently launched on the mainnet.

Filecoin is the economic layer which powers IPFS’s decentralized file storage network.

Juan Benet is the Founder & CEO of Protocol Labs, which has had a huge impact in the blockchain ecosystem, as organisation behind IPFS and Filecoin.

There’s a one direction value flow in terms of those who are providing the value (the data) and those extracting it.

Ocean Protocol is a platform which creates data marketplaces, providing an alternative to the current model.

Data providers can sell their data to the platform to whoever wants to buy it and that data set is represented as a token.

Trent McConaghy, Founder of Ocean Protocol, joins us to chat about the platform.

They have just released V3 which has seen the introduction of the data token, the Ocean Market, and a new home on the Ethereum Mainchain.

Martin: I think Universal Basic Income, UBI the core ideas that simply everyone gets it and it’s independent of your personal situation.

What Basic Income is doing is it’s changing the fact that everyone gets at least this basic income.

In a way Circles that’s again, third way to look at Circles is to say we want this fair money, but we want to make it also fair in more dimensions.

Martin: I would not necessarily say Circles itself would turn into a Dao, but clearly we are already working on a Circles DAO that has the goal to bring Circles forward.

What I could very well imagine is an Airbnb alternative that you say, yeah, I rent out my apartment over the weekend for Circles.

When you go to dinner, you don’t say, Oh, I use this internet app to call a car, to get me here.

By designing custom data structures for each specific type of data that’s on a node.

If in five or 10 years from now 80% or more of dApps on Ethereum or are using one or two API, do you think that’s a success for Ethereum?

When we think about the DeFi case, let’s say there’s two API APIs providing or one API providing, the majority.

Right now we don’t think that’s the case.

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Adan (Association for the Development of Digital Assets), is an organization which helps promote the development of the crypto industry in France, and more broadly in Europe.

The European Commission has released a regulatory proposal, MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets), which falls under The Digital Finance Package.

The Adan team have been working hard to understand, dissect and establish positions with regards to this regulation.

The scope of this MiCA is vast, and it covers nearly every type of activity which relates to cryptocurrencies, utility tokens, stablecoins, and security tokens in Europe.

We chat to Simon who explains what the draft proposal means and the effects it will have on the …

Click to download audio versionJoin Adam B. Levine, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Jonathan Mohan for another wide-ranging discussion on the messy reality in which bitcoin and blockchains intersect real life.

Note: We're changing up our distribution as we get ready for our next marathon of growth!

subscribe to the show-only subscriber feed today to make sure you don't miss any episodes.

On this episode we discuss the significance of a recent, seemingly innocuous letter released by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency...

Shownotes:Caitlin's twitter thread https://twitter.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1286226852244160512Preston's twitter thread https://twitter.com/prestonjby…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of a major Twitter compromise that impacted a broad swathe of the largest, most influential accounts, join Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy and Adam B. Levine for a dive into the crazy series of events, what impact it has on bitcoin, decentralization and more.

Views: 2,937

There's nothing more political than money because money affects everything else, and yet Bitcoin works.

What’s the value in the US and western Europe compared to the value in less developed parts of the world?

Does being part of the bitcoin community make you politically affiliated, or represent a distinct political viewpoint?

What I like about Bitcoin is it's a way to be a part of neither game.

So it's a failure on two sides at the same time..." - Jonathan MohanCreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Adam B. Levine and Jonathan Mohan.

Click to download audio versionOn today’s episode of Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

According to Richard, Bitcoin’s Lightning is a what’s needed to make mobile mesh networks catch on by bootstrapping on top of the payment routing infrastructure.

“…the Lightning network currently sends payments from A to B to C and then all those intermediate nodes can connect a small fee if the payment is delivered at the end.

All we’re doing is saying ‘Not only [can you send] a payment, but [you can send] a small message.

Lot49 is custom communication protocol that’s optimized for mesh.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

That luxury is pretty concentrated in just a few places in the world and at some point you can't afford that luxury of apathy.

- Andreas M. Antonopoulos, LTB!

#437CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Music provided by Jared Rubens, FromEther and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Inspired by a recent article in the Atlantic, in today's wide-ranging discussion the hosts of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

If Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

Government surveillance vs. private surveillance provided to the governmentWhat we learned from Edward SnowdenDoes China commercialize surveillance?

Censorship as controlling access to the publishing of information vs. controlling what is amplified vs. how much reach it has.

CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Click to download audio versionAlthough some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Although some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Click to download audio versionOn today's show we've got a pair of interviews for you.

First we speak with John Cantrell, the author of Juggernaut, a new messaging layer 3 application being built on top of layer 2 lightning network, which is itself built on top of layer one bitcoin.

It's a lot of layers, but as a technological concept currently in beta it's a fascinating project, and we talk about it.

(Juggernaut on Github)After the break we're joined again by Alex Gladstein of HRF.org for a discussion on political expediency in the age of pandemic and what crisis has revealed about various governments, and different types of governments around the world.

- Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Of…

Click to download audio versionIn Today's discussion we'll briefly talk about some of the knock-on, or second order affects which the coronavirus disruption is having on our world today, and which may continue into the future.

Then for the meat of the show we'll dig into specific areas where bitcoin could, or perhaps is being improved with the creator of one of the most impactful peer to peer technologies in the world today.

The end of “Bus Mode” for Lyft and UberAutonomous vehicles, grocery deliveries and the last mile problemTampons, cocktail sausages and a very weird monthThis episode is sponsored by eToroA friendly government delivery service?

Is it viable to farm with AWS?

Today's show…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of the so-called "Black Thursday" crash from several weeks ago, MakerDAO's "DAI" ethereum backed dollar pegged stablecoin came untethered and was, for a time at least, functionally insolvent.

In the aftermath, holders of the MKR token which allows holders to participate in governance decisions opted to do a couple of things, including adding the centralized stablecoin USDC to the list of acceptable collateral, which drew both condemnations mostly around centralized risk being added to the system and praise for making the system more robust against sudden ETH collateral price crashes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 25: Unprecedented: Rules Without RulersAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

He has published “The Internet of Money” series of books, which focus on the social, political, and economic importance and implications of these technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses the word of the season, unprecedented.

Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented job losses, unprecedented incompetence.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 24: Open Blockchain Development CultureAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses open blockchain development culture.

Is there a right way to build open blockchain software?

This talk was delivered on December 12th, 2019 for the La Bit Conf Latin American Bitcoin and Blockchain conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 23: One Network, Many ChainsAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “One Network, Many Chains,” Andreas explores why he believes we are headed towards one internet of money, interoperability between many chains satisfying different objectives.

He also discusses cycles of infrastructure and application growth, the value of scarce attention, standardization, and how scaling never ends.

This talk was delivered on October 23rd 2019 for the Blockstack Summit at SFJAZZ Center in San Francisco, California.

This series is c…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Willy Woo, a prominent on-chain Bitcoin analyst and author of the “The Bitcoin Forecast,” a market intelligence newsletter, explains the parabolic activity of Bitcoin in the past month.

We cover:why he thinks Bitcoin has more than doubled in the last monthwhat the “double pump” market is and why Bitcoin may see two rallies this cyclewhat stage of the Bitcoin bull market we are currently inwho is buying, and how they’ve differed from previous investorswho still is yet to buy this cyclewhy Bitcoin hitting new all-time highs mean that we’re in “uncharted price discovery”how his “top cap model” shows Bitcoin could be around $95k by end of yearand how if certain trends accelerate, it could reach…

This panel, from a panel for the fifth anniversary of Hyperledger, features Rob Palatnick, managing director of global head of technology research and innovation at the DTCC and chairman of the Hyperledger board, Matthieu Saint Olive, Codefi payments product manager and CBDC advisor at ConsenSys, and Robert Bench, assistant vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

In this discussion on the current outlook on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), they cover:what main problems CBDCs can solvewhether CBDCs should be open sourcedwhy building a new technology for CBDCs is preferred over using existing techhow concerns over CBDCs and their privacy implications differ across countr…

Host Laura Shin recaps the biggest stories of the year in crypto, with clips from shows throughout the year.

In this episode, we cover how the pandemic drove Bitcoin to new all-time highs, how regulation began to come for the crypto space in a big way, plus new trends in DeFi, corporate structures, and how ETH will change as an asset.

Thank you to our sponsors!

Crypto.com: http://crypto.com1inch: https://1inch.exchangeEpisode links:Meltem Demirors on Bitcoin’s behavior during the recession https://unchainedpodcast.com/why-bitcoin-now-meltem-demirors-and-lyn-alden-on-the-perfect-conditions-for-bitcoin/Mike Novogratz and Raoul Pal on Bitcoin’s relation to fiat https://unchainedpodcast.com/why…

Jeremy Allaire of Circle Pay and Kristin Smith of the Blockchain Association explain the impact of and motivation behind Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin’s proposed FinCEN rule that targets “unhosted” wallets.

In this episode, they cover:what the new FinCEN rule says, and how it would impact unhosted or self-hosted wallets, as well as crypto businesseswhy they believe this is really politically motivated and unilateral midnight rule making by Secretary Mnuchinwhat other bureaucrats and policymakers think should be done insteadwhether the rule only affects businesses rather than individualswhat information will be recorded according to the ruleways to circumvent compliancehow the rule affect…

Marguerite deCourcelle is co-founder and CEO of Blockade Games, which is releasing the role-playing game game Neon District the day this episode comes out.

She discusses her background in art, how her love of video games led her to discover Bitcoin in the early days of the cryptocurrency, and how she helps create the next phase of web 3.0 content creation and distribution.

Topics include:how Marguerite became involved in crypto and what led her to co-found Blockade Gamesher work on Pineapple Arcade and Plasma Bearsthe problems she sees with gaming and how blockchain technology can solve themhow Blockade Games is utilizing blockchain techNeon District, a blockchain-based RPG game with active…

Gavin Wood, founder of Polkadot, Kusama, and Parity, discusses what he calls the “meta-protocol,” Polkadot.

In this episode, he talks about:his vision for Polkadot and the problems he set out to solve when conceiving itwhy he considers Polkadot a meta-protocolthe implementation of parachains and parathreads, how they are defined and how they differparachain auctions and candle auctionshow DDoS attacks can be prevented on parachainsinitial parachain offerings and how they differ from initial coin offerings and avoid the regulatory problems that were so common with ICOson-chain governance on Polkadot and how it workshow immediate implementation of proposals that pass consensus will prevent fo…

Ryan Watkins and Wilson Withiam, senior research analysts at Messari, explain the nuts and bolts of Ethereum 2.0, including how it will transform ETH as an asset and why they[...]

The post Ethereum 2.0: What You Need to Know appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Christine Sandler, head of sales and marketing at Fidelity Digital Assets, talks about how 30 years in traditional finance and an early retirement led her to Coinbase, and, eventually, Fidelity Digital Assets.

Today’s guest is Christine Sandler, head of Sales and Marketing at Fidelity Digital Assets.

What does Fidelity Digital Assets do and what do you do within it?

Laura Shin:So, currently, as you mentioned before, Fidelity Digital Assets focuses on custody and execution.

To learn more about Christine and Fidelity Digital Assets, check out the show notes for this episode.

Jake Chervinsky, general counsel at Compound Labs, and Kristin Smith, executive director of The Blockchain Association, talk about the storm brewing in the cryptosphere involving self-custody and privacy.

In this episode, they cover:the differences between hosted and self-hosted wallets and how transactions between them differwhy the ability to transact from self-hosted wallets is so importantcompliance and regulation in the traditional financial world and how it could affect self-custodythe “Swiss rule” and what it could mean for the rest of the worldthe proposal by FinCEN to lower the threshold for collecting data on transactions from $3,000 to $250how regulators might achieve their goals…

In this episode, Dan Tapiero, founder of 10T Holdings and Gold Bullion International, and Cathie Wood, CEO and CIO at ARK Invest, discuss the long election week in the U.S.[...]

The post Why Bitcoin Now: Bitcoin Under a Biden Administration appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

In this seventh installment of the Why Bitcoin Now series, Meltem Demirors, the chief strategy officer at Coinshares, and Lyn Alden, the founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy, discuss the state of Bitcoin since June, amidst the presidential election – which takes place on the date of publication of the show — and a global pandemic.

Topics discussed include:the significance of bitcoin staying above $10k for over three monthswhy the pandemic has created the conditions for which Bitcoin was designedhow the markets may react to a Trump or Biden winwhy they believe, no matter which party wins, there will be massive deficits and a money-printing debt spiralwhy other countries see opportunities…

Brian Brooks got his start in traditional finance before joining Coinbase in 2018 and is currently the acting comptroller of the currency.

In this episode, he discusses:how his background in traditional financial services led him to take a position at Coinbasewhether the role blockchain and crypto will likely play in the financial future is being recognized at the federal levelwhether or not banks have always had the authority to custody crypto for their customershow he expects things to unfold in the coming years as banks begin to become more involved in crypto custodyhis thoughts on Kraken and others launching crypto banks and whether it will lead to the founding of other crypto bankshow …

Magistrate judge Zia Faruqui, and Jessi Brooks, assistant U.S. attorney in the national security section at the United States Attorney’s Office, have prosecuted several cryptocurrency-related cases, many of them amongst[...]

The post How This DOJ Strike Force Hunts Down Cryptocurrency Criminals appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Hester Peirce, AKA “Crypto Mom,” was just confirmed to a second term as SEC Commissioner of the Securities Exchange Commission in August. In this episode, she talks about: the reasons[...]

The post SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce on BitMEX, DeFi and a Token Safe Harbor appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with guests Tarun Chitra (Gauntlet & Robot Ventures), James Prestwich (cLabs) and Josh Cincinnati (previously Zcash Foundation).

Throughout this conversation, they touch on topics like the state of zero knowledge applications, blockchain technology, privacy and DeFi.

They also explore what we can expect in the near future.

Here are a few of the papers and links we mention in the show:If you like what we do:

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and Fredrik do a look back at 2020 and chat about some of their favourite ZKPodcast episodes and themes from this past year.

Some of the 2020 episodes discussed:Some of the projects that had previously been on the zkPodcast that launched or were announced this year:Zk-projects:L1s:Thanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

Least Authority is a security consulting company known for their dedication to pushing the limits on how to build privacy-respecting solutions.

They are a team of security researchers, open source developers, privacy advocates, cryptographers who specialize in security audits, design specification reviews, and security-by-design.

Join their m…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Matthew Finestone and Brecht Devos from Loopring about their zkrollup protocol, DEX and wallet.

We explored the evolution of Loopring, how their zkrollup works, how they are bringing AMMs to L2 and what’s next for the project.

Catch Brecht’s previous episode hereThanks to this week’s sponsor Parity TechnologiesParity is a company building the core infrastructure to power Web 3.0.

They strive to write the fastest, lightest, and safest core technology in blockchain and write lots of open-source code.

Parity is currently looking to fill a number of job positions• Berlin office: experienced, creative and enthusiastic Content Marketing Manager.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Eduardo Antuñia Díez - co-founder / project lead of DAppNode - about the importance of running your own node, the roll out of ETH2 and the role DAppNode aims to play in the future.

Here are some useful links:[STABLE Act](Stablecoin Tethering and Bank Licensing Enforcement (STABLE) Act)Jordi episodeDAppNode DiscordDAppNode Gaurdians of Ethereum DAO proposalZero Knowledge Gitcoin grant is eligible for Gitcoin's CLR matching - on now!

Thanks to this week’s sponsor O(1) Labs, the team incubating [Mina](minaprotocol.com) protocol.

And over the past 18 months, the community - alongside the core team at O(1) Labs - have been working on a rigorous testne…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna chats with Koh Wei Jei from the Ethereum Foundation about the MACI or Minimum Anti-Collusion Infrastructure.

They chat about the challenges in voting digitally and in decentralised networks, how MACI uses zkps to solve this, and how it could be used in the context of quadratic voting.

Parity has the following job openings:• Berlin office: looking for a passionate social media manager to maintain and grow the company’s social networks, and to activate customers and contributors.

• Remote work: looking for a CI/CD Engineer to help automate an ever-growing set of open source repos in GitHub.

-https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin Grant -https:…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, we chat with Omer Shlomovits from Zengo Wallet about MPC, threshold cryptography and how the research around this topic can be used in a blockchain context.

We reference the Zero Knowledge Podcast Episode 90 with Nigel Smart.

Here are some additional links to check out:Thanks to this week’s sponsor Least Authority.

If you are skilled in the area of zero-knowledge protocols and other advanced cryptography for scalability and privacy enhancing tech, you should get in contact with them.

-https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B6b6ae8F29B1aBTC: 1cafekGa3po…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna catches up with Illia Polosukhin, CTO and co-founder of NEAR, to talk about what's new in the network since last year.

Thank you to this week’s sponsor Trail of Bits.

Trail of Bits has published this guide for building secure contracts with their Crytic offering.

Crytic is a SaaS-based GitHub application created by Trail of Bits that continuously assures your Ethereum smart contracts are safe and functional.

It reports build status on every commit and runs a suite of security analyses so you get immediate security feedback.

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna and Fredrik chat with Alin Tomescu, a post-doc researcher at VMWare Research Group, about the concept of stateless systems.

Specifically, they explore his work on stateless validation, why this would be desirable and what is the state of the research around this topic.

This free online event is the Polkadot community conference and the first Polkadot gathering since the multi-chain network’s launch and decentralization.

Check out the full program for Polkadot Decoded and register for free at decoded.polkadot.networkThanks again Parity Technologies!

-https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin Grant -https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, we revisit the topic of consensus algorithms with Ren Zhang, a researchers at Nervos and previously at imec-COSIC (KU Leuven).

An explanation of Nervos DAOAn introduction of the Virtual Machine and smart contract supportThanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

Least Authority is a security consulting company known for their dedication to pushing the limits on how to build privacy-respecting solutions.

They are a team of security researchers, open source developers, privacy advocates, cryptographers who specialize in security audits, design specification reviews, and security-by-design.

Least Authority is supporting this through a growing list of secur…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, Anna spoke with Nolan Smith and Locke Brown, co-founders at NuID - a zero knowledge authentication solution.

It uses blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography to deliver a web experience that is both personal and private.

With Aleo, developers can write private applications, without a background in blockchains or expertise in cryptography.

Aleo has released Developer Preview I, an early peek at what the future of the web will look like.

We recently had Howard Wu, a co-founder of Aleo, on the show for an interview - you can find that episode here.

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, we chat with Dan Robinson, a Research Partner at Paradigm.

We talk about the world of crypto VC and revisit of the topic of the Ethereum mempool.

We then hear Dan's story about how he and some colleagues tried to save a transaction from the monsters that lurk in the mempool as told in his blog post entitled “Ethereum is a Dark Forest”.

For some background, here are some links:Ep 44: Blockchain 101: Transaction lifecycle & the mempoolEthereum is a Dark Forest By Dan Robinson and Georgios KonstantopoulosEscaping the Dark Forest by SamCZSunEp 141: ZK & Games: Dark Forest with Brian GuThanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

They are a team of security re…

About this EpisodeIn this week’s episode, guest host Tarun Chitra and Anna chat with Alex Svanevik, CEO & cofounder of Nansen.

They cover crypto analytics, DeFi analytics as well as discuss the push and pull between a need for privacy and the need for blockchain transparency and data.

Topics include: can DeFi and Privacy co-exist, how being aware of blockchain analytics could help people improve their opsec, the role of reputation in these systems, and, finally, how analytics in public blockchains may used as a novel marketing tactic (eg.

It uses blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography to deliver a web experience that is both personal and private.

Aleo has released Developer Preview I, a…

About this EpisodeIn this episode we chat with John Adler, co-founder of Lazy Ledger and Fuel Labs.

We compare Optimistic Rollups and ZK Rollups as well as discuss how Ethereum, specifically Eth1, could look over the next few years.

We also talk about the data availability challenge in blockchains and how Lazy Ledger aims to solve this.

Video: "Scaling Ethereum in 2020 and Beyond" - Vitalik ButerinSome additional thoughts from John on Eth1Thanks to our sponsor Least Authority.

Known for their security reviews, including work with zero knowledge proofs as well as having implemented zero-knowledge access passes with the distributed storage system, Tahoe-LAFS.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna continues to dig into the topic of NFTs through her chat with Alex Salnikov, co-founder & chief product officer at Rarible.

They talk about the project, the link between NFTs and DeFi concepts, how the NFT space is developing, novel use cases and more.

Trail of Bits has published a new guide for building secure contracts with their Crytic offering.

Crytic is a SaaS-based GitHub application created by Trail of Bits that continuously assures your Ethereum smart contracts are safe and functional.

It reports build status on every commit and runs a suite of security analyses so you get immediate security feedback.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Вадим Нестеренко — продакт-менеджер в компании Atomica.

Вадим рассказал нам, кто такой продакт-менеджер, каковы особенности его работы в блокчейн-стартапе и какие продукты лучшие на сегодняшнем крипторынке.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

и спонсоров: , , !

а также майнинг и proof-of-stakeСсылки:Спасибо нашим спонсорам:Подкаст выходит при поддержке Zerion – понятного интерфейса к DeFi-протоколам.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

HodlHodl Подкаст выходит при поддержке Solana – быстрого блокчейна без шардинга.

Токены SOL доступны на Binance с 9 апреля, подробности на solana.com и в телеграме @solanarus.

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Обсуждаем перспективы биткоина в Африке, вопросы верификации и KYC, а также удивительную экономику трансграничных переводов при помощи подарочных карт.

18:30 поддержка альтернативных криптовалют21:50 почему Paxful фокусируется на Африке?

30:20 благотворительные проекты Paxful в Африке35:10 экономика подарочных карт: как африканские мигранты в США переводят деньги на родину?

1:15:00 микрокредиты на Paxful?

1:30:20 приходите работать в Paxful!

Алексей – соавтор DeFi-протоколов Neutrino и Gravity, являющихся альтернативой широко известному проекту MakerDAO, но в экосистеме Waves.

На экосистеме различие не заканчивается: во-первых, сама суть того, за счёт чего обеспечивается стабильность токена, в Neutrino несколько иная; во-вторых, есть много позитивных моментов в том, что протокол разрабатывается на Тьюринг-неполном языке RIDE.

Об этих различиях, а также о планах проекта мы поговорили в выпуске.

Сегодня вместе с Алексом Романовым, CTO Beam, мы выясняем, как Beam «вылечили» уязвимость протокола MimbleWimble к сетевым атакам и начали строить децентрализованную финансовую систему без ончейн-вычислений.

Заодно обсуждаем новинки в протоколе Beam: платежные каналы и атомарные свопы.

Подкаст выходит при поддержке HodlHodl – площадки для покупки и продажи биткоинов без верификации.

Зарегистрируйтесь и получите скидку на комиссию!

Проект сейчас развивается в русскоязычном комьюнити, у них есть группа в Telegram (@solanarus), в Вконтакте у них есть даже группа.

Всем, кому интересно, можете просто пройти ниже по ссылке, посмотреть про Wasabi или про Samourai, что это такое и как это работает.

Всё, это не ваши деньги, и там они, соответственно, уже могут и помешать, и сделать всё что угодно.

Мы, наверное, сейчас как следующей темой поговорим, что мы будем делать дальше, что у нас будет privacy pool.

С точки зрения Tornado на сегодняшний день мы не имеем какой-либо коммерческой заинтересованности, с точки зрения мы не ранаем релееров и мы не имеем никакого профита вообще с Tornado Cash.

Например, торговлю фьючерсами, то есть то, что сейчас называют DeFi, но ещё оно было централизованное.

То есть они тогда занимались больше маркетингом, то есть они вообще боялись что-то трогать.

То есть, есть люди, которые более успешно получают финансирование.

Поэтому у нас есть два уровня, то есть еще есть провайдеры, которые реально известны, которые отвечают за свои действия, то есть чистые Proof of Stake.

Мы есть в YouTube, мы есть в Twitter, подкаст есть на всех доступных подкаст-платформах, мы везде называемся «Базовый Блок» или Basicblockradio.

То есть, в принципе, надо обязательно контролить секрет обязательно во всех блокчейнах – и в Bitcoin, и в Ethereum, если мы рассматриваем своп биткоин-эфир.

То, что в первую очередь торгуется, то, что интересно пользователям другим, то есть такой у нас приоритет.

То есть там целый скрипт надо предъявить, то есть когда ты открываешь подпись.

Это немножко не то, это не свопы.

По поводу вопроса…Сергей Тихомиров: Что на что, какие валюты чаще всего меняют на какие?

Китайские майнеры давным-давно, в том числе, строят фермы и в Канаде, точно также они строят в Вашингтоне, в Штатах.

Я не знаю, Bitcoin Core разработчикам вообще интересен халвинг и его влияние, или все просто продолжается по-прежнему?

Можно было бы майнерам, которые захватили 51% на неделю, договориться что-то сделать, поменять… Ну, не на неделю, на день.

Вот у нас будет халвинг завтра, а следующий халвинг будет примерно еще через 4 года, скажем, в 2024 году.

Что думаешь, что изменится и что не изменится за 4 года?

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If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.21.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Today, we’re launching Blockstream Jade as our own take on what a Bitcoin hardware wallet should be.

Fully open-source for both hardware and software, Blockstream Jade secures your keys offline in combination with Blockstream Green.

Advanced Liquid Asset SupportOut of the box, Blockstream Jade will support regular Bitcoin and all Liquid assets issued on the Liquid Network.

Multi-PlatformInitially on launch, Blockstream Jade will support Blockstream Green for Android only.

Open SourceAs Blockstream Jade is fully open source, advanced users can flash Blockstream Jade’s firmware onto their own hardware (we’d recommend the M5Stack Fire).

Today, the Liquid Securities platform is getting a new name: Blockstream AMP!

We’re deploying a feature-filled update to Blockstream AMP (Asset Management Platform), designed to support better any digital assets that require permissioning and tracking features.

Blockstream AMP provides the issuer with flexibility while ensuring they can reliably secure their rules at the protocol level through multisig.

Take Blockstream AMP for a Test DriveHead to the demo site to take Blockstream AMP for a spin.

To get a better understanding of what an issuance with Blockstream AMP might look like in practice, see our new case studies.

From the scrolling home screen, AQUA gives you access to all of your Bitcoin, Liquid Bitcoin, Tether USDt, L-CAD, and other Liquid assets.

Like Blockstream Green, AQUA is fully open-source.

Blockstream Green supports all major operating systems, while AQUA will be mobile-only—launched for iOS today, with android to follow.

Get AQUA NowYou can download AQUA from the App Store now.

For guides on how to obtain Liquid assets, such as Liquid Bitcoin and Liquid-based Tether, see our Help Center.

Bitcoin is increasingly under threat from a growing body of patents collected by companies inside and outside of the Bitcoin industry.

Back in 2016, we established our defensive patent strategy in the form of our Patent Pledge.

Taking our defensive patent strategy one step further, today we’re joining forces with Square Crypto in the Cryptocurrency Open Patent Alliance (COPA), announced yesterday.

The Patent Pledge is legally binding, ensuring that the patents safely become free to use for all, even non-members.

Shared patent library: Members commit all of their cryptocurrency patents to a patent pool available for other members to also use defensively.

For anyone who wants to better understand Blockstream’s products, the Blockstream Help Center is now officially live!

The new Help Center is designed to resolve that, providing you with up-to-date, easy-to-digest user guides and explainers in one central location.

More Improvements On the WayIn addition to our ongoing work on expanding the Help Center, we’re also in the process of updating our technical documentation.

We also have some important updates to our user support systems on the way, which will improve the experience for anyone that is unable to resolve their issue through self-service on our Help Center.

Let Us Know What You NeedCheck out the new Help Center now.

Eight New Members Join the Liquid FederationThis week, the Liquid Network welcomed eight new members to the Liquid Federation: CoinShares, Condensat, INX, JST Capital, Paymium, Petrushev Capital, Sevenlabs, and Satoshis Games.

As the federation grows, the security of the Liquid Network also improves—decision making over the development of the network becomes more distributed.

Liquid Integration: Coinshares intends to use Liquid as transport rails for its digital asset trading between exchanges.

Liquid Integration: INX plans to integrate Liquid Securities as a key part of its security token trading services.

And if you’d like to become a member of the Liquid Federation, contact the feder…

Today we are proud to launch the Blockstream Scam Database, the latest tool in our ongoing effort to fight scammers who hijack the Blockstream brand.

Making Scams More DifficultWe launched the Blockstream Scam Database with the purpose of significantly increasing the difficulty of operating a Blockstream-related scam.

Blockstream cannot overstate the importance of verifying the authenticity of any websites, emails, or social media accounts, especially in the Bitcoin industry.

If you encounter an account that gives any indication of not truly being associated with Blockstream, simply visit the Blockstream Scam Database to verify.

After receiving your report, we’ll either add the informatio…

Running Your Own Electrum ServerBy default, the Electrum wallet app connects to a random set of Electrum servers.

So if you’re using an Electrum wallet, we generally recommend that you run your own Electrum server and connect your wallet to that instead.

Less well known is the fact that Esplora comes bundled with an optimized Electrum server based on a separately-maintained fork of Electrs.

This week, we introduced P2P discovery as an optional feature to Esplora too, which makes Esplora the only other alternative for running an Electrum server designed for public wallet connections.

While the advanced setup may put off some personal server users, Esplora makes a great option for those loo…

The Liquid Network is enabling brand-new, more efficient ways of handling trust in financial transactions.

There are few better examples of this than SETTLENET, a non-custodial digital asset settlement platform launched today in Japan.

At launch, SETTLENET will support trading between Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) and Crypto Garage’s newly-launched JPY token, SETTLENET JPY (JPYS).

More Assets on the WayAt a technical level, SETTLENET can support the instant settlement of any assets issued on the Liquid Network.

If you are interested in issuing an asset on the Liquid Network, check out our technical documentation or contact our business team for more information.

Today we’re revealing the launch of the Liquid Ventures Initiative, along with a report on our first Liquid Demo Day completed at the end of last week, with Condensat Technologies, Pixelmatic, SettleBit, and Satoshi’s Games all presenting.

Liquid Ventures InitiativeThe Liquid Ventures Initiative was started to help grow the Liquid Network’s grassroots ecosystem, connecting promising Liquid projects with Bitcoin-focused investors that are interested in getting involved in the industry’s leading sidechain.

There are currently 15 VC and angel investors involved in the Liquid Ventures Initiative, including Seven Seas VC, Blockchain Capital, Castle Island Ventures, DG Lab Fund, Electric …

With Blockstream Green Desktop, you can now create 2-of-3 multisig accounts, with an additional third key held offline for recovery.

Although the mobile app can’t yet be used to create a new 2-of-3 account, you can import your Blockstream Green desktop wallet on the mobile app so that any 2-of-3 accounts created on desktop will also appear on mobile, ready for use.

However, with the launch of Blockstream Green Desktop, it’s with a heavy heart that we will be retiring the classic GreenAddress desktop app over the coming weeks.

Any previously-created GreenAddress or Blockstream Green wallet can be restored to Blockstream Green Desktop using your 24-words mnemonic backup.

Get StartedYou ca…

Check out the Light Nite Explorer (based on Blockstream’s Esplora) to see their assets in action on the sidechain.

After receiving a Light Nite token outside of the game, a player can deposit the token in their Light Nite account to receive the associated skin for use with their character in-game.

A purchased copy of the Light Nite game is required to access the Light Nite store.

The Blockstream Store and Light Nite GiveawayAt Consensus: Distributed, we will be running a Liquid asset giveaway in collaboration with Light Nite, which will have both Blockstream Store vouchers and Light Nite tokens up for grabs.

1 Trezor Model T, 1 Ledger Nano S, 1 Blockstream Metal, 10 Blockstream hats, 15 B…

In addition to the Blockstream Satellite network update, we’re also announcing the much requested satellite kits will soon be available for pre-order at the Blockstream Store!

Satellite Kit Pre-OrdersTwo ready-to-go receiver kits and an optional antenna kit will be available soon for pre-order:Blockstream Satellite Basic Kit: A consumer-grade satellite receiver, ready to connect a Bitcoin node at home.

Existing Blockstream Satellite users should note that we will be disabling the 1.0 network on June 1st 2020.

Get Started with Blockstream Satellite 2.0New users should keep an eye on the Blockstream Store to be ready to place pre-orders for delivery in June.

), get a Lightning wallet ready …

Gitcoin Grants Round 7 RetrospectiveRound 7 of Gitcoin Grants has successfully completed!

This is a significant milestone for the ecosystem because it shows that Gitcoin Grants is expanding beyond reliance on a very small number of funders, and is moving toward something more sustainable.

The concept of categories as it is currently implemented in Gitcoin Grants is a somewhat strange one.

ZK rollups for scalabilityFinally, Round 7 was the first round where Gitcoin Grants experimented with using the ZkSync ZK rollup to decrease fees for payments:The main thing to report here is simply that the ZK rollup successfully did decrease fees!

ConclusionsRound 7 has been a pivotal round for Gitcoin G…

In the rest of this post, we'll use "collusion" to refer to "undesired coordination" generally.

From the point of view of someone determining the rules for the voting mechanism, they don't know ahead of time whether the Orange Party is good or bad.

If a group makes a bad decision, those who approved the decision must suffer more than those who attempted to dissent.

Different coordination structures, different outcomesSometimes, more coordination is good: it's better when people can work together to collectively solve their problems.

Of course, it is very difficult to prevent communication outright, and it is very difficult to make coordination perfect.

If we want to make practical moves toward trust minimization, we want to have the ability to compare different degrees of trust.

First, my simple one-sentence definition of trust: trust is the use of any assumptions about the behavior of other people.

Not growing your own food is another kind of trust: trust that enough people will realize that it's in their interests to grow food so they can sell it to you.

You can trust different sizes of groups of people, and there are different kinds of trust.

DPOS): N/2 of small-N trust for liveness, N/2 of big-N trust for safety(assuming semi-decentralized operator, eg.

See also:One of the most powerful properties of a blockchain is the fact that every single part of the blockchain's execution can be independently validated.

First, it maximizes the chance that the node can correctly determine and say on the canonical chain - the chain that the community accepts as legitimate.

The goal of validation is then to move away from default to victory to (ideally) default to failure or (less ideally) default to chaos.

Typically, a single block in a blockchain only touches a small portion of the blockchain "state" (account balances, smart contract code....).

For a blockchain community that values immutability, implementing revert limits of this kind are arguably the…

Round 6 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $227,847 in contributions from 1,526 contributors and $175,000 in matched funds distributed across 695 projects.

Why should the quadratic funding mechanism significantly increase its complexity just to achieve a gain in stability that projects could simply provide for themselves?

The Ethereum community has long been struggling to find effective ways to determine what "the community" supports, especially in cases of controversy.

Since round 5, Gitcoin Grants has had three categories per round: tech, community (called "media" before), and some "guest" category that appears only during that specific round.

ConclusionThe best news is the unmenti…

The holder of the private key \(k\) provides, as part of the public key, a "relinearization key", which you can think of as "noisy" encryptions of \(k \otimes k\) under \(k\).

Notice that the decryption equation \(\) is just a big sum of terms of the form \((ct_{1_i} * ct_{2_j}) * k_p * k_q\).

Another technique: matricesAnother technique (see Gentry, Sahai, Waters (2013)) for fully homomorphic encryption involves matrices: instead of representing a ciphertext as \(ct\) where \( = 2e + m\), a ciphertext is a matrix, where \(k * CT = k * m + e\) (\(k\), the key, is still a vector).

The fact that addition works is easy: if \(k * CT_1 = m_1 * k + e_1\) and \(k * CT_2 = m_2 * k + e_2\), then \(k…

On the media side, we do see some balance between stability and dynamism:Week in Ethereum had the highest total amount received in both the previous round and the current round.

EthHub and Bankless are also near the top in both the current round and the previous round.

An individual has two choices: contribute $10 in the current round, or contribute $5 in the current round and $5 in the next round.

a $200 match now, but the latter would give you $141 in the current round + $141 in the next round = $282.

Responses to negative contributionsThis round also introduced negative contributions, a feature proposed in my review of the previous round.

This week’s newsletter describes a new proposed Bitcoin P2P protocol message, a BIP for the bech32 modified address format, and an idea for preventing UTXO probing in proposed dual-funded LN channels.

However, the BIP37 mechanism being used to suppress transaction relay allows the initiating node to request full transaction relay at any time.

Transaction relay consumes node resources such as memory and bandwidth, so nodes need to set their connection limits with the assumption that each BIP37-based low-bandwidth blocks-relay-only connection could suddenly become a full transaction relay connection.

If no problems are found with the proposal, it is expected that bech32m addresses will be use…

● Trampoline routing: Bastien Teinturier posted to the Lightning-Dev mailing list a new specification for trampoline routing that allows a spender to pay a receiver without calculating a route between their nodes.

Instead, the spender routes their money to a nearby trampoline node that calculates the next part of the route—getting the money either to the receiver or to the next trampoline node.

Teinturier notes that ACINQ has been running a single-bounce trampoline node for users of their Phoenix wallet.

ACINQ’s node), then possibly to other trampolines, and finally to the receiver node.

This prevents any individual trampoline from learning the node identifier for both the spender and recei…

This special edition of the Optech Newsletter summarizes notable developments in Bitcoin during all of 2020.

The contract can be made indistinguishable from many other Bitcoin transactions or it can be executed within an LN channel.

In March, Bitcoin Core carefully changed its consensus code—without introducing a fork—to remove an inefficiency in the parsing of OP_IF and related flow control opcodes.

Within a month of BIP339 being added to the BIPs repository, wtxid announcements were merged into Bitcoin Core.

Also in October, Bitcoin Core became the first project to merge an implementation of the version 2 addr message.

LN has always provided some robustness against this type of problem: if your node is offline, your channel counterparty will eventually close the channel so that they can start spending their funds again.

This will send your funds to the onchain part of your LN wallet, which you hopefully backed up using a normal BIP32 seed.

The downside of the above approach is that you have to wait for your counterparty to decide that you’re not coming back.

the ID of your peer), reconnect to the peer after you lose data, and request that the peer immediately close the channel.

This week, Lloyd Fournier started two threads on the Lightning-Dev mailing list about possible improvements to the above mechanis…

Also included are our regular sections with summaries of a recent Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting, new software releases and release candidates, and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Current native segwit addresses all start with bc1q .

P2SH-wrapped segwit addresses are also unaffected.

According to the survey results posted to the mailing list, the only known wallets affected are Bitcoin Core and BRD wallet.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

Until the payment eventually times out, each channel used to route the payment is unable to use those funds to route other user’s payments.

Previously proposed solutions for this problem (and related problems) mostly involved upfront fees, see Newsletters #72, #86, #119, #120, and #122.

This week, Naumenko and Riard proposed that each payment include proof that its spender controlled some amount of bitcoin.

Each routing node could then publicly announce its policy on how much value it would route given proof of a certain stake value.

This would allow someone to route a payment through Alice’s node but limit how much of her capital they could tie up.

News● Website listing miner support for taproot activation: Bitcoin mining pool Poolin has created a website to help track miner support for activating taproot (including schnorr signatures and tapscript).

● New research and development organization announced: Brink, a new organization for “funding, education, and mentoring” of Bitcoin contributors was announced on Twitter this week.

The organization is seeking applicants for both its fellowship program for helping newer contributors break into full-time Bitcoin development and its grant program for funding established contributors.

(Note: Brink was founded by Optech contributors and received initial funding from John Pfeffer and Wences Cas…

This week’s newsletter contains a warning about backdoored VM images.

Also included are our regular sections with summaries of notable improvements to clients and services, announcements of releases and release candidates, and changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Action items● Backdoored VM images: a user on Reddit posted about losing funds after using an AWS image that came with a Bitcoin full node already installed and synced to a recent block.

New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet…

Also included are our regular sections with summaries of a Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting and notable changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

Bitcoin Core PR Review ClubIn this monthly section, we summarize a recent Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meeting, highlighting some of the important questions and answers.

How much data is returned to a user requesting the set hash?

➚How can we test for membership in the MuHash set?

➚Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightning, Eclair, LND, Rust-Lightning, libsecp256k1, Hardware Wallet Interface (HWI), Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), and Lightning BOLTs.

For example:The forward fee (e.g., Alice→Bob) discourages spam; it must be paid even if the receiver refuses to relay the payment.

The backward fee (e.g., Bob→Alice) encourages prompt settlement by having a refund deadline.

Any ultimate receiver who wants to use hold invoices for longer than the remaining time will now need to pay the backwards fee.

Any intermediate hop who doubts the payment will succeed before the deadline will now reject the payment, allowing previous hops to also settle the failed payment before the deadline and receive their refund.

In discussion of the idea, it did not appear that any fatal issue was discovered, although it was unclear how much enthusiasm it generated.

● CVE-2020-26895 acceptance of non-standard signatures: in some cases, LND would accept a transaction signature that Bitcoin Core would not relay or mine by default.

This is a consequence of the S value in Bitcoin ECDSA signatures being equally valid on either the high side or low side of Bitcoin’s elliptical curve (which, like all such curves, is symmetric).

Before segwit, inverting an S value—something anyone can do to any valid signature—would change a transaction’s txid, a problem known as transaction malleability.

In most cases, LND properly ensured it only sent low-S signatures that could be relayed.

Because anyone can invert any valid signature, LND was patched to allow it to transfo…

MuSig is a signature scheme that allows multiple signers to create an aggregate public key derived from their individual private keys, and then collaborate to create a single valid signature for that public key.

The aggregate public key and signature are indistinguishable from any other schnorr public key and signature.

It is, however, safe to precompute the nonces and exchange the nonce commitments early, moving one of the three rounds to the key setup stage.

This removed the requirement of exchanging nonce commitments at the cost of a more expensive signing operation.

The new MuSig2 scheme achieves a simple two round signing protocol without the need for a zero-knowledge proof.

This would ensure routing fees couldn’t be stolen by an earlier hop that deliberately failed a route.

● LN upfront payments: in the current LN protocol, the attempt to route a payment can lock part of a routing node’s funds for hours or days.

This would eliminate the bug but also require wallets to upgrade in order to be able to pay taproot users.

A previously proposed alternative would be a backwards-compatible restriction on bech32 address lengths.

This only directly provides safety to taproot users receiving payments from spenders who upgraded their wallets to enforce the new length restrictions.

● Alternative to BIP322 generic signmessage: the existing BIP322 proposes a generic message signing protocol for Bitcoin that would allow signing messages for any Bitcoin address (script) even if it used multisig or advanced features.

This week, BIP322 author Karl-Johan Alm posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list an alternative proposal for message signing that would use a technique called virtual transactions.

The first virtual transaction would be deliberately invalid by attempting to spend from a non-existent previous transaction (one whose txid is all zeroes).

The advantage of using virtual transactions, which were also adopted in the BIP325 specification for signet (see Newsletter #109)…

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The action you just performed triggered the security solution.

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Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.

On a more positive note, Eric and I will be back doing the weekly EthHub recap podcast from today so be sure to subscribe so that you don’t miss it - there’s obviously a lot to talk about!

The letter indicates that banks and savings associations can now run crypto nodes and utilize associated stablecoins for "permissible payment activities."

This means banks can use public blockchains to validate, store, record and settle payment transactions as long as they're compliant with existing laws.

The round was backed by SevenX Ventures, Defiance Capital, 1kx, Multicoin Capital, and Aave founder Stani Kulechov, among others.

V2 of Futureswap provides features that serious traders expect, including…

ETH blasted through $800, then $900 then $1000, then $1100 before finally topping out and settling back in the $900’s.

Eric and I put out our 2021 predictions for Ethereum last week which you can find here and here.

In this post, the ETHGlobal team provides a comprehensive report of the data that they gathered from Ethereum devs.

The first version of the Cairo Toolchain from StarkWare has been released and is now ready for developers to use.

In this post, the Connext team outlines their mainnet rollout and full decentralization timeline for Vector.

Opium details its new governance token, OPIUM, that will be used to power the Opium Protocol.

The 1INCH token is a governance and utility token for the 1inch Network.

The 1INCH token will be used to govern all 1inch Network protocols.

Dexible is a decentralized exchange tool that enables private, non-custodial flexible DeFi automation and the first Stop-Loss orders for retail DeFi.

Top jobs listed on Cryptocurrency Jobs this week:Support EthHub:

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCME Group will list an Ethereum (ETH) futures product next year, the firm said Wednesday.

Hugh Karp, the founder of DeFi insurance protocol Nexus Mutual, experienced an attack that resulted in a loss of more than $8 million.

You can now trade ETH and BTC perpetual contracts with up to 12x leverage on-chain at perp.exchange.

You can now trade ETH and BTC perpetual contracts with up to 12x leverage on-chain at perp.exchange.

Lots of big changes in this update for solidity developers which means it is a breaking release for Solidity.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCryptocurrency asset manager Bitwise has listed the shares of its index fund on over-the-counter (OTC) markets, making them tradeable via traditional brokerage accounts.

Now the fund's listing on OTCQX, a market offered by OTC Markets Group, will make its shares publicly traded.

Rival Grayscale's funds have since long been available on OTC markets.

As for the repo transaction, the bank said the use of blockchain translated into an "atomic trade settlement."

It enables traders to provide liquidity to maximize returns on Gnosis Protocol DEX directly from the Gnosis Safe Multisig.

Of course, any donations to the EthHub Grant would be greatly appreciated and you can check that out here.

I’d also encourage you to donate to the Cryptocurrency Jobs grant here - they do a very good job of getting people jobs in crypto and have been a long-time friend of EthHub!

Market index provider S&P Dow Jones Indices is diving into the crypto market with the help of crypto startup Lukka.

S&P DJI expects to soon launch customizable crypto index capabilities, which will allow asset-management firms to build their own investment vehicles, such as exchange-traded products.

In 2021, S&P DJI plans to launch its own branded index — essentially, an S&P 500-like index but for the crypto market.

ZKSwap has been live on the Ethereum Ropsten testnet since Nov 16th, 2020 and will launch on Ethereum mainnet in 1-2 weeks.

The protocol witnessed $88.4 million worth of liquidations, according to on-chain data analyzed by The Block.

Market conditions also led to liquidations at DeFi protocol dYdX, worth about $8 million, according to both on-chain data and LoanScan.

Together, both the protocols liquidated more than $96 million worth of collateral.

Loopring Wallet is the first Ethereum smart wallet with zkRollup scaling baked in.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)🚀 A Wild WeekWell, that was a crazy week, wasn’t it?

Eric was also on Bankless to give his thoughts on Ethereum community, culture, staking and more - watch that here.

"Binance does not violate, and fully complies with, all applicable laws, rules and regulations in its operations," the lawsuit reads.

In the crypto community, Clayton is also known for his cautious stance on bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

Nascent is are a multi-strategy investment firm that pursues compelling opportunities in crypto, DeFi, and the open economies they enable.

"Due to initial demand from our customers, we’ve also increased our weekly cryptocurrency purchase limit from $10K/week to $20K/week," the spokesperson said.

Project UpdatesA very healthy update from Ben this week going over the usual phase 0 updates, testnet updates, staking & taxation, and much more!

The latest round of financing was led by Blockchain Capital and includes participation from new investors IDEO CoLab Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, and Industry Ventures as well as existing investor Foundry Group.

This week, the team put out an open call for managers to apply to the DAO for an investment.

Metric DEX shipped a new version which allows you to trade any 2 tokens wallet-to-wallet u…

Eric and I will be discussing all of this in-depth on the weekly recap podcast - don’t forget to subscribe so that you don’t miss it!

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCrypto asset manager Grayscale's Ethereum Trust has crossed the $1 billion mark in assets under management (AUM).

According to the statement, investigators used software tools to identify " 54 previously undetected bitcoin transactions executed by Silk Road, all of which appear to represent bitcoin, which was the proceeds of unlawful activity, that was stolen from Silk Road in or about 2012 and 2013."

Bi-weekly update from PryLabs discussing the eth2 phase 0 mainnet announcement, the Medalla testnet, the usual development updates and …

You can catch me on this months Nugget’s News Ethereum recap here - we had a lot to talk about!

- AnthonyNews of the WeekDBS, Singapore's biggest bank, is launching a fiat-to-cryptocurrency exchange according to The Block.

"With DBS Digital Exchange, a bank-backed digital exchange, companies and investors can now leverage an integrated ecosystem of solutions to tap the vast potential of private markets and digital currencies."

"As Europeans are increasingly turning to digital in the ways they spend, save and invest, we should be prepared to issue a digital euro, if needed.

The “official” Ethereum website now has a brand new developer portal that provides a wealth of information about Ethere…

Lastly, I was on a panel with a bunch of DeFi superstars last week - catch it here.

Crypto will solely be offered on PayPal to start, with Venmo slated to follow in 2021, the people said.

Yield Protocol v1 enables fixed-rate borrowing and lending of Dai, using a new core DeFi primitive, fyDai.

The AUDIO platform token is now live on mainnet.

Anchorage and Tokensoft have partnered to launch Wrapped, a service that creates digital representations of blockchain assets on the Ethereum network.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekCrypto exchange Coinbase has published its first-ever "transparency report" quantifying the information requests it receives from global law enforcement agencies.

The report, published Friday, revealed that Coinbase received a total of 1,914 such requests in the first half of 2020.

The round had participation from firms such as Framework Ventures, DeFiance Capital, Mechanism Capital, Spartan Group, Alameda Research, NGC, Ruby Capital and Incuba Alpha Capital.

Kwenta is a dApp built on the Synthetix protocol, allowing traders to gain access to a vast range of assets on Ethereum, including forex, commodities, cryptocurrencies, and indices.

The investment round was led…

Per the complaint:"From at least November 2017 through February 2018, McAfee leveraged his fame to make more than $23.1 million U.S.

Dollars (“USD”) in undisclosed compensation by recommending at least seven “initial coin offerings” or ICOs to his Twitter followers.

The FCA said these products are “ill-suited” for retail consumers due to various reasons, including “extreme volatility” of cryptocurrencies.

The FCA estimates that retail consumers will save around £53 million (~$68 million) from the ban on these products.

First Round, IA and Polychain — existing investors in Gauntlet — also took part in the round, as did Standard Crypto.

The rich get richer, since they have the capital to risk to earn the governance tokens.

Then, as governance token plutocrats, they can use their power to direct the protocol in ways which only further enrich themselves.

At the time of this writing, Uniswap liquidity has risen to nearly $2 billion, while SushiSwap liquidity has fallen to less than one fourth of that.

While I’ve said the Uniswap team did a lot right in this token launch, the question remains, why launch a token at all?

Is there more to UNI than that, or are these governance tokens little more than viral marketing schemes?

A Vampire Sushi ChefIn late August, a pseudonymous developer going by "Chef Nomi" announced "SushiSwap," a clone of Uniswap with "Sushi Tokenomics."

Before SushiSwap was even launched as an exchange, it was possible to earn Sushi tokens by providing liquidity to Uniswap.

Pump and Dump and PumpThe SushiSwap system directed 10% of all tokens to a wallet controlled by the pseudonymous "Chef Nomi."

The Sushi token price has recovered some of its losses.

Will users and liquidity migrate back to Uniswap once the rush to farm Sushi tokens dies down?

Understanding Open SourceThe term "Open Source Software" doesn't just mean the source code is available to view.

Instead, the term refers to projects that make their source code available with broad permission to modify and share that source code without restriction.

There are two broad classifications of licenses widely accepted in the open source world.The first family of open source licenses is so-called "copyleft" licenses, sometimes referred to as "viral" licenses.

Open source development is frequently thankless work, and while some exceptions certainly exist, there generally aren't great business models available for purely open source projects.

Brave's Browser WalletAs a general expl…

On Tuesday, August 4th, the Medalla ETH 2.0 testnet was launched.

If all goes well, this will be the final testnet before the launch of the “Phase 0” mainnet.

It’s expected the testnet will run for a minimum of 2 months before a schedule for mainnet is proposed.

Live and LaunchedTo kickoff the Medalla launch, the Ethereum Foundation hosted a livestream that nearly 2,000 people attended.

The ETH 2.0 launchpad tool made it simple to configure and run your own validators, and there were over 20,000 signed up to do so on day one.

The team behind Augur has launched the next version of their decentralized betting market protocol.

Let's review the basic premise of Augur before discussing these improvements, and what we might expect to see from Augur v2 in the coming months.

It quickly rocketed up to over $1 million at stake in its betting markets, but later slowed.

It offers a service to users— namely, betting markets— that one would assume there would be interest in.

Is it possible not that many people care to participate in betting markets?

To understand this, we need to add the next layer of the system: governance.

The governance token, called COMP, would be distributed to users in a way similar to those weighted polls of the past.

Users began intentionally lending or borrowing on Compound with the explicit goal of earning, or “farming,” COMP.

What's made it possible so far is high demand for the base governance tokens of protocols like Compound.

Even in the best case scenario, demand for these governance tokens must eventually level off as they reach a fair market valuation.

Kanye West, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett were among dozens of accounts that tweeted the scam.

The first is obvious: a Bitcoin giveaway scam was used to monetize this attack.

This changed when the same scam tweets began to be shared from the personal accounts of high profile people, starting with Elon Musk.

Link As the afternoon wore on, many more high profile accounts began tweeting the scam, and it became apparent the hacker had hit more than a third-party tool.

Several hours later, presumably after Twitter addressed the issue, the accounts of these high profile users became accessible again to the user.

Left out of that discussion, though, was the grandaddy of layer 2 scaling techniques: state channels.

In this edition of the newsletter, we'll learn the basics of how state channels work, and why they're complex to implement.

We'll close by looking at why state channels haven't seen much adoption to date, but why that could be poised to change.

How State Channels WorkThe core premise of state channels is surprisingly simple to understand.

Link The most common examples for envisioning the kinds of apps which are possible with such state channels tend to be games.

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

I sent the first issue of Build Blockchain out to fifty subscribers on June 3rd, 2018.

( Issue 23 , November 4th, 2018)This week was a good microcosm of where we are in the crypto world.

In such a world, Bitcoin could exist as an asset on the Ethereum network, and both would benefit for it.

These applications increase the usefulness of Bitcoin, and thus the demand for it, all without the Bitcoin network itself having to make any tradeoffs in terms of complexity or security.

A decentralized network, and the smart contract code that runs on it, is all that is needed.

Earlier this month, the team at StarkWare announced they were pushing their novel layer 2 scaling solution to the Ethereum mainnet.

On June 2nd, 2020, a livestream was held to mark the end of the month-long HackMoney virtual hackathon.

The term antifragile was coined by Nassim Taleb, an author whose books have done much to shape my view of the world.

Money PrintingI wrote extensively about about central bank money printing in issue 90 of this newsletter, so I won't dwell on here.

While the standard narrative amongst most crypto folks is that money printing by the Fed will lead to massive inflation of the US Dollar, I'm not convinced that's a given.

Sure, the government is printing money, but the credit market has contracted and demand for dollars globally has skyrocketed.

If nations in the developing world try to print their way out of economic trouble, there may be inflation of those local currencies.

As news broke that these early coins had moved, Bitcoin's price dropped sharply.

Lerner named this the "Patoshi" pattern, and the block where the recently moved coins were mined did not adhere to it.

Maybe, maybe not, but the truth is, if people find Bitcoin's distribution unfair, they'll be less likely to adopt it.

More precisely, the existence of these 1.1 million BTC, and the risk that they'll be recovered someday, probably depresses Bitcoin's price even today.

While I do see Satoshi's coins as a liability, any attempts to "fix" this problem would probably prove more perilous than the coins' continued existence.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, we'll explore these two token projects, how they work, and what they might mean for Ethereum and all of crypto.

Users can buy and sell the tokens freely, and it's even possible to own fractional amounts.

To receive the physical tape, users must "pay" with exactly one token.

Community Points are subreddit specific ERC20 tokens that are issued to users based on their contributions.

RAC's $TAPE token is "just a stunt."

Paper Title: Blockchain for steganography: advantages, new algorithms and open challenges.

Paper Title: Eth2Vec: Learning Contract-Wide Code Representations for Vulnerability Detection on Ethereum Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: Demand-aware Channel Topologies for Off-chain Blockchain Payments.

Authors: Jonathan Lee*, Srinath Setty†, Justin Thaler‡, and Riad Wahby§,Affiliations: * Nanotronics Imaging, † Microsoft Research, ‡ Georgetown University, § Stanford University.

Paper Title: Fiat Money, Cryptocurrencies, and the Pure Theory of Money.

Along the way, this work constructs a split accumulation scheme for a simple polynomial commitment scheme based on Pedersen commitments.

Paper Title: Blockchain Privacy Through Merge Avoidance and Mixing Services: a Hardness and an Impossibility Result.

Summary: A secure and highly efficient PBFT consensus algorithm for Internet of Vehicles, which is based on a distributed blockchain structure.

Authors: Guangquan Xu*†, Yihua Liu†, Jun Xing*, Tao Luo†, Yonghao Gu‡, Shaoying Liu§, Xi Zheng✜, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos+,Affiliations: * Qingdao Huanghai University, † Tianjin University, ‡ Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, § Hiroshima University, ✜ Macquarie University, and + …

Issue #89Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Adaptive layer-two dispute periods in blockchains.

This work describes how to set adaptive dispute periods that accommodate the congestion and capacity of the underlying blockchain.

Adaptive dispute periods ensure that users retain the opportunity to dispute fraudulent behaviours during blockchain congestion, while increasing second-layer protocol efficiency by reducing dispute period lengths when the number of disputes is low.

The work describes a non-interactive argument system for setting adaptive dispute periods under the current Ethereum Virtual Machine, and discusses how to efficiently integrate built-in support for adaptive dispute periods in a…

Paper Title: Privacy Analysis and Evaluation Policy of Blockchain-based Anonymous Cryptocurrencies.

Authors: Pouriya Alikhani*, Nicolas Brunner†, Claude Crépeau*, Sébastien Designolle†, Raphaël Houlmann†, Weixu Shi†‡, and Hugo Zbinden†,Affiliations: * McGill University, † University of Geneva, and ‡ National University of Defense Technology.

Paper Title: Commitment Voting: A Mechanism for Intensity of Preference Revelation and Long-Term Commitment in Blockchain Governance.

Paper Title: Evolution of the Digital Economy: A Research Program for Evolutionary Economics.

Paper Title: Freedom to (Smart) Contract: The Myth of Code and Blockchain Governance Law.

This work defines an additive PCS to capture a “homomorphic” property of commitments over a computational group G of bounded size.

The second technical result is that every additive succinct PCS supports efficient proof aggregation.

This work shows that Halo can be instantiated with any PCS that supports efficient PCS aggregation, private or public.

Paper Title: SoK: Diving into DAG-based Blockchain Systems.

Paper Title: When Services Computing Meets Blockchain: Challenges and Opportunities.

Issue #86Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Zero-Knowledge Succinct Arguments with a Linear-Time Prover.

Authors: Xiaoqi Li*, Ting Chen†, Xiapu Luo*, and Chenxu Wang‡,Affiliations: * The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, † University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and ‡ Xi’an Jiaotong University.

Paper Title: VM Matters: A Comparison of WASM VMs and EVMs in the Performance of Blockchain Smart Contracts.

Summary: The notion of zero-knowledge secure against quantum polynomial-time verifiers (referred to as quantum zero-knowledge) in the concurrent composition setting.

Despite being extensively studied in the classical setting, concurrent composition in the quantum setting has hard…

Issue #85Paper of the Week:Paper Title: On the (Ir)Replaceability of Global Setups, or How (Not) to Use a Global Ledger.

The ledger implemented by blockchain protocols such as Bitcoin is a representative example of such global setup, since the Bitcoin ledger is known to be useful in various scenarios.

Therefore, it has become increasingly popular to capture such ledgers as a global setup.

Paper Title: On the Serverless Nature of Blockchains and Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: Blockchain mechanism and distributional characteristics of cryptos.

Issue #84Paper of the Week:Paper Title: More Efficient Amortization of Exact Zero-Knowledge Proofs for LWE.

Paper Title: SoK: Cyber-Attack Taxonomy of Distributed Ledger- and Legacy Systems-based Financial Infrastructures.

Paper Title: Enhancing Code Based Zero-knowledge Proofs using Rank Metric.

Summary: Quantum resistant interactive zero-knowledge proofs, with the property of public-coin, i.e.

Paper Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Development of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and Their Regulation.

Issue #83Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Publicly Verifiable Zero Knowledge from (Collapsing) Blockchains.

TLDR: Goyal and Goyal proposed the first – and currently only– construction of a publicly verifiable zero-knowledge (pvZK) proof system that leverages a blockchain as a setup assumption.

This leaves open the question of constructing publicly verifiable zero-knowledge proofs from blockchains.

Next, a publicly verifiable zero-knowledge proof system is provided, based on any blockchain (i.e., not only proof-of-stake) that, very roughly, satisfies the following unpredictability property.

The proof system is secure against a verifier/prover that can corrupt blockchain players adaptively.

By analyzing over 190K ERC-20 tokens on Ethereum, it identifies 2,117 counterfeit tokens that target 94 of the 100 most popular cryptocurrencies.

Through this, it identifies two types of scams related to counterfeit tokens and devised techniques to identify such scams.

Findings demonstrate the urgency to identify counterfeit cryptocurrencies and mitigate this threat.

Paper Title: Threats and Opportunities: Blockchain meets Quantum Computation.

Paper Title: Signaling Value Through Gender Diversity: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings.

Paper Title: Improving Bitcoin Transaction Propagation by Leveraging Unreachable Nodes.

Paper Title: SodsMPC: FSM based Anonymous and Private Quantum-safe Smart Contracts.

Paper Title: Towards Understanding and Demystifying Bitcoin Mixing Services.

Paper Title: Low Latency Cross-Shard Transactions in Coded Blockchain.

Paper Title: How to Not Get Caught When You Launder Money on Blockchain?

Paper Title: Transaction Characteristics of Bitcoin.

Paper Title: Payment Trees: Low Collateral Payments for Payment Channel Networks.

Paper Title: Towards Understanding Flash Loan and Its Applications in DeFi Ecosystem.

Paper Title: On the profitability of selfish blockchain mining under consideration of ruin.

Paper Title: Sovereign Digital Currencies: The Future of Money and Payments?

Paper Title: FORTIS: FORgeable TImeStamps Thwart Selfish Mining.

Paper Title: Sword: An Opaque Blockchain Protocol.

Paper Title: Fundamental Properties of the Layer Below a Payment Channel Network.

Paper Title: On (multi-stage) Proof-of-Work blockchain protocols.

Paper Title: Putting Numbers on the Coins: The Pricing and Performance of Initial Coin Offerings.

They also assume the existence of time-lock puzzles; therefore, another open question is to understand whether time-lock puzzles are necessary.

In fact, without time-lock puzzles, even sublinear-round BB under 51% strongly adaptive corruption remains open.

Paper Title: Two-round trip Schnorr multi-signatures via delinearized witnesses.

Paper Title: Game-theoretic Approach to Decision-making Problem for Blockchain Mining.

Paper Title: The Blockchain Evolution and Revolution of Accounting.

If you have doubts about which brand of lubricating oil to choose, see below the list with the main brands available in the country!

To assist you in this decision, check out the eight best brands according to consumer research!

1 ° LubraxThe best-selling motor oil brand in the country, the Lubrax Lubricants line offers high-tech products for cars, motorcycles, SUVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, vans and agricultural vehicles.

2nd CastrolWith over 100 years of history, Castrol is a world leader in the production of lubricating oils.

Now that you know the best brands of engine oil, you can now choose the best product for your car more safely.

When TWAP is below $1, the protocol issues ‘coupons’ as incentive to temporarily remove supply from circulation by burning ESD.

Key protocol metrics have been growing steadily, with SushiSwap’s volume and liquidity reaching new highs in January.

Over the last three months, SushiSwap’s liquidity and volume have grown by 480% and 1600%, respectively.

After forking Uniswap, SushiSwap launched on its first day with 40% of the volume share between the two top AMMs.

After accounting for swap fees, a Uniswap LP would have suffered -40% loss vs. +30% gains without IL.

Revenue growth per pool coincided with increased co-investment limits.

Co-investment limits are governed by the BancorDAO and determine the maximum number of BNT that can be emitted by the protocol to match single-sided non-BNT deposits.

This BNT has no price impact on the external market; rather, it is emitted directly into the liquidity pools where it remains earning fees for the protocol until the BNT and its accrued fees are burned.

This is akin to the protocol investing money on marketing to drive usage, then allowing the investment to pay itself off over time.

Currently, 54.95% of total BNT supply is staked within the protocol.

Our Network is an on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 7000 crypto investors every week 📈Introducing Deep DiveToday I’m excited to introduce a new initiative for Our Network — the Deep Dive series.

Today’s Deep Dive examines the 1inch token launch and its effectiveness in catalyzing an early community.

As of January 12th, 1inch liquidity pools hold over 473 million dollars, where LPs and farmers are earning high APYs.

Current farmers are on track to receive additional compensation—1% of the total 1inch token supply.

The 1inch Liquidity Protocol contains ~$505M in liquidityMoving ForwardOverall, the 1inch Token launch has catalyzed an early community.

This week our contributor analysts cover Capital Flows: Exchange Flows and Institutional Buying + OTC Activity.

① Exchange FlowsContributor: Alex Svanevik, CEO at NansenTraditionally, the focus of exchange flows has been around centralized exchanges.

But 2020 was the year when DEXs started dominating on-chain flows - in particular Uniswap.

Fund Flow Ratio for all exchanges is the ratio of network transaction volume of exchanges among the entire tokens transferred on the network.

For now, only 5% of the network transactions are used for exchange deposits/withdrawals.

① Curve FinanceIt was assumed that when “DeFi summer” is over, trading volume and total value locked for earning yields will die off.

In October after Metamask’s integration, DexKit joined the 0x API network.

In November, Zapper adopted 0x API and so far has already accumulated over 82.5 million of trading volume in less than 2 months.

The overall trading volume across 0x API has picked up to almost 2 times in the recent DEX aggregator governance token frenzy.

As an example, in 2020, Volleyfire (a 0x Market Maker) served 41k trades, which collectively paid 284ETH in protocol fees.

This is issue #51 of the on-chain analytics newsletter that reaches nearly 6500 crypto investors every week 📈✨ Together with our partners:1inch, whose v2 offers the best rates by discovering the most efficient swapping routes across all DEXes—swap on the customizable new UI.

Yesterday The Graph Network launched its mainnet, a decentralized indexing protocol for Web3.

Indexers provide services to the network by processing queries for on-chain data, such as trade balances, NFT prices and DAO votes.

PoolTogether is the first subgraph being indexed on The Graph Network mainnet, with over ~40M GRT already staked by indexers that are processing those queries.

The network, on the other hand, has e…

With the release of the Signals platform, Numerai has expanded the pool of contributors beyond those with machine learning expertise to anyone with access to expressive, unique stock market data.

Analysts who can turn this datum into predictive signals are encouraged to submit them, along with a portion of staked NMR, to be scored on the originality and accuracy of their forecasts.

These meaningful signals may be derived from quantitative data — think dividend yields and quarterly revenues, or qualitative information, such as a text mined 10-K filing and investor relations transcript.

To date, there have been more than 383 submissions with over 2000 NMR consistently staked for the last four…

The amount of bitcoin held on exchanges has been declining since March, and has reached its lowest level since late 2018.

Secondly, this trend could suggest that institutional investment into bitcoin is increasing.

Institutional investors are more likely to use OTC solutions for large purchases, as opposed to centralized exchanges.

Lastly, this could be a reaction to the increased regulatory scrutiny on crypto exchanges throughout 2020.

Although painful in the short-term, increased regulatory clarity will likely help the industry mature in the long run.

When a validator puts none of its own ATOM at stake, in theory, it has no skin in the game.

Which means that if Binance Staking validator ever gets slashed, then the entire cost of the penalty is incurred by its stakers, not by Binance.

So we’re seeing a small but existential crisis unfolding now which has implications for all PoS networks.

PoS networks rely on properly incentivized validators (i.e.

For Cosmos Hub, that target has gone down somewhat over time as ATOM grew in value rather than gone up.

DeFi continues to offer high yielding interest rates for crypto dollar depositors.

Even the most battle-hardened interest rate protocols dwarf traditional finance and create a compelling alternative to the negative interest rate environment we currently live in.

The two major interest rate protocols, Aave and Compound, offer lower rates on DAI than some of the other players with 4.2% and 3.1% APY, respectively.

However, when you factor in COMP incentives (2.4%), the DAI lending rate on Compound beats out Aave at 5.5% APY.

With that said, Aave just launched V2 and will soon introduce AAVE yield farming into its money markets.

The largest liquidity pool on Balancer is the WBTC/WETH pool, which has grown 138% over the last 30 days, from $52M to over $124M in liquidity.

As of the time of writing, it is the largest non-stable liquidity pool in all of DeFi, with only four Curve stablecoin pools holding more liquidity, according to Pools.fyi.

Of the top 10 liquidity pools among all AMMs, two are non-stable Balancer pools and the other eight are Curve stablecoin pools.

The largest holder of the Balancer WBTC/WETH pool owns a 8.91% stake, with the next 20 LPs each holding above 1%.

This is a stark contrast from Uniswap and Sushiswap, where the largest pool owner in each identical trading pair holds 97.81% and 99.71%, re…

Unconventional blockchain features like on-chain identity and Kusama’s “Human Blockchain Project” have also flourished beyond expectations.

The Covid lockdown coupled with novel technology and a plethora of hackathons resulted in substantial developer adoption.

Since the last Our Network report in January when Substrate had ~600 Github stars, over 2500 new developers have starred the repository, indicating a rapidly growing interest in this battle-tested blockchain framework.

The Polkadot repository alone has gone from 150 to ~1800 in that same timeframe.

Our two main hackathon events - Hackusama and the Gitcoin Hello World event (the largest Gitcoin event to date by participation) - had 50…

The Handshake economy of scale is evolving at a rapid pace.

If you’re familiar with the three body problem in mining from Anicca Research, you’ll see a similarly emerging mining economy of scale.

Coupled with a decentralized naming economy, and all the composable economies of scales that follow it up the value chain, the Handshake network effect will be of the most lucrative and diverse we’ve seen in crypto to date.

We’ve illustrated this concept using a repurposed version of their graphic to give you a 2D model of the naming/mining economy, so you can further understand its second order effects on actual states.

In less than 24 hours, the Maker contract became the 4th largest YFI holder, with >4% of the YFI supply locked in Maker.

Anyone can execute liquidations on the Aave liquidations UI, keeping the liquidation bonus.

(Source: Aave Watch)③ SynthetixThe Synthetix exchange has generated over $8m in fees in the previous nine months, which works out to be a 1.32% APY on staking.

(Source: SNX Watch)Synthetix still shows strong growth in the number of active stakers.

(Source: Synthetix Stats, SNX Tools)

Where Hegic differs from its competitors is its unique liquidity pool design for writing options.

There are three core participants of the Hegic network that eloquently interact with one another to create the Hegic system: option writers, option buyers, and staking lot owners.

Hegic utilizes a novel bidirectional liquidity pool (LP) design, that allows ETH or wBTC to be provided as liquidity, used to sell both put and call options.

Premiums paid by option buyers are paid to the LP, however, similarly profits from in the money options are paid out by the LP.

Through embracing one of DeFi’s most successful and novel constructs, liquidity pools, in one month, Hegic has attracted $32m of liquid…

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These are software applications for storing crypto that allow people to transact on the blockchain directly, rather than going through financial institutions.

(Full disclosure: a16z has publicly opposed this plan, and has said it plans to join others in the industry in challenging the rule in court.

a16z General Partner Katie Haun and Operating Partner Anthony Albanese explain the rule and what impact it could have on crypto innovation.

Certain information contained in here has been obtained from third-party sources, including from portfolio companies of funds managed by a16z.

This content is provided for informational purposes only, and should not be relied upon as legal, business, investm…

Instead, the Treasury Department’s FinCEN proposed a rushed, non-vetted rule under the cloak of the holidays that violates the government’s own established rulemaking procedures.

(“a16z”) personnel quoted and are not the views of a16z or its affiliates.

Certain information contained in here has been obtained from third-party sources, including from portfolio companies of funds managed by a16z.

In addition, this content may include third-party advertisements; a16z has not reviewed such advertisements and does not endorse any advertising content contained therein.

This content is provided for informational purposes only, and should not be relied upon as legal, business, investment, or tax adv…

We’ve compiled fourteen videos from this year’s Crypto Startup School — along with summaries, show notes, and key quotes — to help in that effort.

The collection offers not only a company-building playbook for entrepreneurs, but an overview for anyone interested in learning more about crypto.

(And check out our bonus video — a documentary following the progress of several participants in Crypto Startup School — at the end of the course videos.)

Show Notes:The advantages of a crypto startup: “[There] are actually three really big problems in traditional startups.

… Embed all dependencies to ensure you’re always in control of what you’re doing.”“Rolling your own crypto” — building your own ch…

Here are five charts that capture some of the key developments and help tell the story of an eventful year.

Charts provided herein are for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision.

Charts provided herein are for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision.

Charts provided herein are for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision.

Charts and graphs provided within are for informational purposes solely and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision.

#2 The first of several planned Eth2 upgrades to Ethereum recently went live: the Beacon Chain.

Any charts provided here or on a16z content distribution outlets are for informational purposes only, and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision.

Certain information contained in here has been obtained from third-party sources, including from portfolio companies of funds managed by a16z.

Past results of Andreessen Horowitz’s investments, pooled investment vehicles, or investment strategies are not necessarily indicative of future results.

Additional important information about a16z, including our Form ADV Part 2A Brochure, is available at the SEC’s website, http://www.advis…

Our first guest is one of the biggest names in crypto art, and one of the most mysterious.

For crypto art it’s currently closer to the second one, the freelancer model, however, there is an important detail.

What advice would you give creators who are interested in exploring crypto as a new model for selling their work?

And I think that’s kind of also a cool way for people to support the artist.

And I think that’s, again, a cool way to get people into the world of crypto and supporting the arts.

Coinbase loved Anthony, Anthony loved Coinbase, but as often happens in executive hires, the timing just wasn’t right.

Like us, he became excited at the idea of working with multiple different crypto portfolio companies, focusing on areas as diverse as gaming, digital storage, payment systems, social media, creative marketplaces, and more.

And what better place to do that than at the a16z crypto funds, where we’ve been fortunate to invest in what we believe are the very best crypto entrepreneurs.

At NYSE, Anthony oversaw regulation, including working with regulators at the state, federal, and international levels.

Very few people can successfully transition from the government to an institu…

New technologies enable activities that fall into one of two categories: 1) doing things you could already do but can now do better because they are faster, cheaper, easier, higher quality, etc.

2) doing brand new things that you simply couldn’t do before.

Doing old things better tends to get more attention early on because it’s easier to imagine what to build.

The most common mistake people make when evaluating new technologies is to focus too much on the “doing old things better” category.

Early products like Salesforce were easier to access and cheaper to maintain than their on-premise counterparts.

In parallel, WebRTC is really allowing for really interesting concurrent sessions around video.

And then in parallel, WebGL and WebRTC really seem to be enabling really interesting social experiments right now in terms of new social products.

And so, I think right now, in order to experience VR, you need a headset.

So, I think that’s another thing that we’ll see if it happens or doesn’t happen over the next decade.

And so, the fact that the applications have taken off so much, and it’s made this scaling problem like a really, really urgent issue.

Jesse: Kayvon touched on the idea of dynamic pricing in these markets, and I think that’s something worth double-clicking on.

And so you’re going to need to discover the new Jay-Zs and that takes risk and speculation.

And I think that’s been true of crypto, and maybe to a bigger degree than other technology platforms, because crypto is a finance innovation.

And I think that that’s going to be a very, very powerful model that’s proven out again in that 10-year timeframe.

You can’t just put out a token and expect that it’s going to blow up overnight and you’re going to be rich and famous.

How do we know we’re even measuring the right things, and is there one key metric or KPI for measuring the health of a community?

Where do “meta communities” or where does engaging key community leaders come in?

And when it comes to developer relations specifically, where should devrel sit in an organization (product, sales, engineering)?

How do you reconcile developer as customer vs. developer as community member?

You can find the latest on company building best practices for crypto at a16z Crypto Startup School and see other pieces in our ongoing community series at a16z.com/community.

In this episode, we continue our community series with a recent discussion that applies to many kinds of community building.

In this discussion, which was recorded at our Crypto Startup School in April 2020, a16z General Partner Chris Dixon talked about building communities — specifically, communities of open-source developers — with GitHub cofounder Tom Preston-Werner.

They discussed how to engage early users, how to turn them into your biggest advocates, how to create superfans, and more.

Today, GitHub is the leading community for open-source developers and others.

They also discuss in-person communities vs. distributed communities, a topic that is very top of mind today.

We’re living in an unprecedented era of online collaboration, coordination, and creation.

But the word “members” is faceless, and doesn’t help us really understand, support (and better design for) these communities.

So what lessons of open source communities do and don’t apply to the passion economy and creator communities?

How does the evolution of online communities — really, social networks — shift the focus to reputation and status as a service?

And what if working in public is also about sharing in private, given the “dark forest theory of the internet”, the growing desire for more “high-shared context” groups and spaces (including even podcasts and newsletters)?

Building AI systems today is increasingly a problem of coordinating large-scale and widespread data-collection efforts.

The problem of the long tail is the hairline crack at the foundation of today’s AI power structure.

But it doesn’t yet explain, however, why the long tail, in particular, is often so problematic.

And, contrariwise, why would the demand side ever pay good money for the mad ravings of an untrained neural network?

With this new bit of logic, our neural network begins to take on a life of its own as a self-funding, autonomous entity.

DeFi lending is 11% of CeFi lending, and DeFi trading is 15% that of CeFi trading.

Swivel TradingLet’s walk through a trade on the Swivel exchange, which is an orderbook-based exchange built on top of the Swivel protocol.

While Swivel offers more leverage for interest rate speculators than ZCB protocols, Swivel does not offer fixed-rate borrowing, and so we are interested in the ZCB model as well because Swivel and ZCB protocols will serve different segments: Swivel for interest-rate speculation and fixed-rate lending, and ZCB protocols for fixed-rate borrowing.

While the Swivel protocol is starting with fixed-floating swaps (the contract example used in the section titled Swivel Lending), …

As DeFi protocols gain traction, they become part of an increasingly complex DeFi system.

Level 3: Price OraclesBuilding on the transaction layer, price oracles are the next foundational piece of infrastructure.

Secure and verifiable inputs of market data are critical to the functioning of DeFi protocols.

These products often provide smart contract constructions that enable users to interact with other Ethereum DeFi protocols.

DeFi Risk ManagementQuantifying Compounding Risk in DeFiThere is growing risk in DeFi today.

In the long run, OXIO aims to financialize the largest, most ubiquitous commodity in the world that is not yet financialized: mobile connectivity.

Let’s touch on some unique ideas and use-cases that OXIO enables:Nike could offer their customers mobile connectivity.

Using OXIO, brands can not only engage with their customers in new ways, but learn valuable insights.

Given the LTV of their customers, brands can subsidize their customer’s connectivity, either in full or in part using OXIO, or simply create engagement-driven loyalty programs.

In doing so, OXIO will introduce capital markets to mobile connectivity.

The chats highlighted below include conversations with key team members at Solana, Helium, and Ribbit Capital.

Fireside Chat with SolanaRaj Gokal, the COO of Solana, joined Kyle and Tushar, the managing partners of Multicoin Capital, for the first fireside chat of the summit.

Ribbit Capital is widely regarded as one of, if not the best, fintech investors in the world.

Ribbit Capital invested with Multicoin Capital late last year and most recently raised $350 million for a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC).

At the time of publication, Multicoin Capital holds Helium ($HNT) and Solana ($SOL) tokens.

With all the money printing around the globe, I thought it would be a good time to talk Bitcoin and Crypto.

I invited Kyle Samani on the podcast because he has a great understanding of the technology and products.

The guest I’m referring to in this case is Kyle Samani.

Kyle is the founder and managing partner at Multicoin Capital, a firm that invests in all things crypto (including companies and tokens).

The Takeaway:While crypto is super volatile, it isn’t going away anytime soon (Kyle does explain why Bitcoin could struggle).

Subscribe to our Podcasts for the best insights in crypto

Editor's Note: This podcast was originally published by On The Brink.

Please follow the related links to visit thier content.

The following description has been syndicated here for reference.

Listen nowVisit this link to listen to the episode in full:DescriptionKyle Samani, cofounder and managing partner at Multicoin, joins the show to talk his current views on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and to give an update on web3 and how Multicoin is approaching the opportunity.

In this episode:

Cons: not capital efficient, limited leverage available, requires external oracle, unable to maintain peg because of lack of arbitrage loop.

Pros: simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

simple to understand, capital efficient, offers lots of leverage, guarantees liquidity, concentrates liquidity, doesn’t require makers, easy to bootstrap liquidity.

MAXIMUM ORACLE MOVEMENTSome protocols limit how much the oracle price can move in a certain period of time.

Multicoin has been looking at early-stage Decentralized BitMEX opportunities for the last 12 months, and we have b…

DescriptionTushar Jain is co-founder and Managing Partner at Multicoin Capital, a crypto-focused, thesis-driven investment firm which co-led Helium's $15M Series C round along with Union Square Ventures.

The result is the Helium network is an order of magnitude less expensive to build, deploy and manage."

What are some of the biggest challenges that you think Helium faces in making this vision a reality?

That stuff is really, really hard.

I just don't think that's the most efficient version of the world to live in.

As a result, it’s more important than ever for DeFi projects considering liquidity mining to think carefully about their incentives, and to design their liquidity mining programs to retain capital after get-rich-quick wash traders disappear.

In this essay, we explore the design space of liquidity mining and outline a framework by which DeFi teams can construct a useful liquidity mining program that incentivizes long-term capital retention.

Objectives for Liquidity MiningThe most important step when designing a liquidity mining program is to determine the exact objectives of the program.

WHEN DO THEY GET PAIDMost of the liquidity mining campaigns announced so far do not include lockup or tim…

You don’t need to go to SoundCloud to experience all of this audio.

If the audio exists on SoundCloud, it can exist anywhere on the web and mobile devices.”Nine years later, it’s clear that SoundCloud had the right vision: open audio available anywhere on the Internet.

Over the last few years, we’ve seen an explosion in decentralized services to power all forms of media across the internet.

Audius is a decentralized, censorship-resistant audio streaming platform.

By virtue of being decentralized, Audius is open.

We track the exchange token market closely (as noted in our Binance reports here and here; we also still hold a large long BNB position), and through our ongoing analysis of the space we noticed that there is a divergence between the fundamentals of Huobi and the current valuation of Huobi Token ($HT).

Huobi has expanded their product offerings significantly in the past two years, most notably into derivatives trading (for details see the section below).

$HT currently has the highest buyback ratio of any exchange token on the market at 17.8%.

In fact, $HT’s buyback ratio is 4.4x higher than the exchange token industry average.

Download the report (PDF) now to read our analysis of Huobi and …

While there are certain instances in which DeFi protocols offer lower rates today, these protocols are structurally handicapped.

Moreover, because DeFi protocols cannot underwrite trust relationships, they require higher collateralization ratios, further increasing the (opportunity) cost of capital.

And this is despite the fact that DeFi trading volumes are ~1% of CeFi trading.

To put that in perspective, crypto CeFi trading is .1 - 1% of trading across traditional asset classes (excluding FX).

If you’re building any novel DeFi protocols, or the infrastructure to power DeFi, please reach out via email or DM me on Twitter.

DescriptionEditor's Note: This video was originally published by Tom Shaughnessy on his Youtube account.

In this episode, Tom Shaughnessy talks with Ben Sparango and Tony Sheng of Multicoin capital to discuss their latest report on The Trust Spectrum.

Do not trade or invest in any project, tokens, or securities based upon this podcast episode.

Tom Shaughnessy owns tokens in ETH, BTC, CKB, STX, SNX, RUNE, sUSD, and HNT.

Lets Talk Bitcoin is a distribution partner for the Chain Reaction Podcast, and our current show features paid sponsorships which may be featured at the start, middle, and/or the end of the episode.

Liquidity and trading activity on constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer has grown significantly in the second half of 2020.

Much of the growth of these protocols has been driven by incentivized pools or 'yield farming', which reward participants in crypto assets for providing liquidity to CFMMs.

But what does it mean for a CFMM to be the most liquid market?

We show that this definition is tightly related to the curvature of a CFMM's trading function and can be used to explain a number of heuristic results.

Additionally, the results can also be used to model interacting markets and explain the rise of incentivized liquidity provision, also known as 'yie…

The entire work process, up to the finished product, is performed by automatic machinery and with repetitious mechanical uniformity; the entire factory becomes one single automaton.

[…] And just as the work processes which result in the end product are performed by an automaton, so the end product itself is very often an automaton designed for repetitious mechanical work processes.

There are some important caveats to this emphasis on the role of digital automation in driving human action.

If governed responsibly for the well-being of all, the Great Automaton in the making has a lot of potential for good.

The title of the interview contains a rather thought-provoking phrase for thinking abou…

If a CFMM has zero curvature, the price reported by the CFMM doesn’t change, no matter how much is traded.

One of the main connections between analysis and algebra comes from the notion of intrinsic curvature.

For instance, the intrinsic curvature of a beach ball doesn’t change when you rotate it by any amount in any direction.

How does this relate to the intuitive notion of CFMM curvature?

But how does this curvature related to the interaction between a CFMM, as a primary market, and other, secondary markets?

In decentralized networks, this includes everyone involved in investing, building, operating, using, or otherwise participating in the network.

But the interplay between ideology, reality, and financial incentives will remain a key influence on how systems of network governance are designed and evolve.

Good decentralized network governance is one that steers the network through its various stages of development towards more innovative and socially useful functions, while adequately resolving conflicts between different stakeholders participating in or affected by the network.

More democratic forms of network governance are currently underexplored and raise a number of difficult questions.

T…

In most “buyback-and-burn” token models, a network generates income in one currency token and uses the proceeds to buy-back and “burn” its own native token.

The intent is to grow token value by reducing its supply as income grows.

Unlike outstanding shares, treasury shares can’t vote or participate in the economics of the organization.

By reducing the number of outstanding shares, buybacks improve certain valuation ratios (e.g.

The buyback alone does all the work because what affects the price is how many shares participate, not how many exist – and treasury shares don’t participate.

Zooko Wilcox, a core contributing member of the Zcash community, voiced the confusion as follows:“You have to *store* your crypto in a private cryptosystem if you want privacy.

Efforts like the Zcash Developer Alliance are working to make the vision of interoperable-and-private-value stemming from Zcash a widespread reality.

Why Zcash is the Community to Bring Us PrivacyThe crypto-community most capable of bringing privacy to the masses is Zcash.

When it launched in October 2016, Zcash was the first practical implementation of Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zkSNARKs).

Join a Zcash community call or hop into the forum today.

Instead of paying fees to portfolio managers, investors earn fees for contributing their assets to Balancer pools [2].

The larger a Balancer pool gets, the less slippage there is when someone is trying to source one of its assets.

With decreasing slippage for key assets, Balancer positions itself to attract more traders as it becomes a more competitive venue for many of their desired positions.

An LP can contribute to an existing Balancer pool or create their own.

This flexibility has allowed Balancer to be a fertile ground for experimentation, alongside the deep liquidity pools it’s accumulating ($200M and counting).

The principles of free and open source software (FOSS) are fundamental to the ethos of the communities building blockchain networks.

While it is not uncommon for a single organization or small group of core developers to coordinate and deliver most of the work, the source code is generally open for everyone to inspect and improve upon.

Control is maintained not by keeping software proprietary, but through social and institutional means, including ideological discourse, community management, and trademark license agreements.

Despite the unique governance challenges from issuing network-specific assets to operators, investors, users, or other stakeholders, there are important similarities bet…

As smart contract platforms autonomously manage billions of dollars of capital, quantifying the portfolio risk that investors engender in these systems is increasingly important.

Recent work illustrates that Proof of Stake (PoS) is vulnerable to financial attacks arising from on-chain lending and has worse capital efficiency than Proof of Work (PoW).

Numerous methods for improving capital efficiency have been proposed that allow stakers to create fungible derivative claims on their staked assets.

This model combines birth-death Pólya urn processes and risk models adapted from the credit derivatives literature to assess token inequality and return profiles.

This model also applies to Decentr…

Geometric mean market makers (G3Ms), such as Uniswap and Balancer, comprise a popular class of automated market makers (AMMs) defined by the following rule: the reserves of the AMM before and after each trade must have the same (weighted) geometric mean.

These results include the returns and no-arbitrage prices of liquidity pool (LP) shares that investors receive for supplying liquidity to G3Ms.

Using these expressions, we show how to create G3Ms whose LP shares replicate the payoffs of financial derivatives.

These strategies allow LP shares to replicate various trading strategies and financial contracts, including standard options.

G3Ms are thus shown to be capable of recreating a variety …

Financial capital outpaces the installation of new technologies, in part because financial capital is responsible for speculating new technologies into existence.

In the process of capitalizing itself into relevance, this boom of crypto capital has built a native financial system to account for its very own bootstrapping.

While the other revolutionary technologies no doubt led to evolution within the existing financial system, none of them built an entirely new financial system from scratch.

To delineate between this superior financial system and its predecessor, I’m going to use meatspace+digital to refer to the incumbents.

On the macro level, crypto’s financial system needs to be resilien…

Blockchain enthusiasts often criticize traditional institutions for their tendency to concentrate resources and decision-making authority.

But token-weighted governance without system design features that counteract centralization are clearly open to similar criticisms.

As a result, large token holders are faced with a dilemma: abstain from participation to stay true to the ethos of decentralization, or seek to govern in a way that doesn’t disproportionately benefit powerful actors at the expense of other stakeholders.

But the problem when it comes to consumer deployments has always been the user experience and the safekeeping of private keys.

Magic offers an authentication service that’s far more secure for users and much cheaper for developers and businesses.

With Magic, developers can build services that leverage signatures to authenticate information.

Magic enables that world by separating the keys from the application and helping developers leverage digital signatures, encryption, and blockchain transactions.

But the real magic happens when creative companies combine all of this new functionality to create new business model opportunities.

In a standard proof-of-stake system, the more people stake, the more tokens are taken out of circulation. This may seem good for the price of the token, but in many cases insufficient liquidity can get in the way of network growth. So we should look for ways to create a direct, positive relationship between staking and liquidity. One idea is to use Balancer pool tokens as proofs of liquidity that can be staked in place of the network’s token, such that its liquidity grows together with staking.

There’s a huge opportunity in introducing the efficiencies of smart contracts to existing frameworks.

For example, Decentraland, an Ethereum-based virtual-reality world, recently migrated governance over its network to an Aragon DAO.

But we’ve also seen individuals set up single-member Aragon DAOs to manage their own assets in a secure vault, and companies using Aragon internally to keep transparent records.

It’s early days for Aragon and DAOs in general.

Blockchains, smart contracts, and digital assets provide the building blocks of such new infrastructure, and Aragon makes them accessible to everyone.

For clients that need tax-efficient access to liquidity, we offer dollar denominated loans, and we secure bitcoin as collateral through our custody platform while a loan is outstanding.

Expanding this service is a core focus for us over the next twelve months, as is a bitcoin lending pilot that we’re in the process of launching.

We want to help as many clients buy bitcoin direct to multisig cold-storage as possible and we also plan to deliver the most secure bitcoin lending product in the market.

In the future, we’ll continue to integrate additional services as bitcoin matures as a day-to-day transactional currency, from applications to support bitcoin payments to managing merchant services…

2020 is over and etched into the bitcoin blockchain forever.

The HODL Waves is a data visualization that displays colored bands representing the percentage of total bitcoin and the length of time that bitcoin has been sitting in a given address.

By comparing the age of bitcoin sitting in addresses to the current US dollar prices, we can make some interesting conjectures about the bitcoin economy and the sentiment of HODLers (what does HODL mean?).

The 2020 Price Crash and the Cycle’s Deep HODLLet’s take a look at some of the major events of 2020.

Outside of a savage 60% price crash and speedy recovery in March 2020, the HODL waves for the year looks like what you would expect from a fledgli…

Financialization has been so errantly normalized that the lines between saving (not taking risk) and investing (taking risk) have become blurred to the extent that most people think of the two activities as being one in the same.

The unending devaluation of monetary savings forces unwanted and unwarranted risk taking on to those that make up the economy.

Bitcoin and the Great DefinancializationThe primary incentive to save bitcoin is that it represents an immutable right to own a fixed percentage of all the world’s money indefinitely.

Definancialization will principally be observed through growing bitcoin adoption, the appreciation of bitcoin relative to every other asset and the deleveragi…

Unchained Capital clients love the simple trust-minimized external recovery from collaborative custody vaults using Caravan, and now Caravan becomes more functional with the addition of Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT) support.

PSBT support means that Caravan can be used completely air-gapped to generate and sign multisignature addresses with a Coldcard, and it makes future hardware wallet integrations easier, assuming the hardware wallet manufacturer supports the PSBT standard.

The test suite is perfect for hardware wallet manufacturers interested in integrating their devices with Caravan and other web-based multisignature applications.

Below are the steps to create a Coldcard m…

Planetary blockchains such as bitcoin and Muskcoin have short block times of ~10 minutes and correspondingly small hash horizons.

If, like these planetary blockchains, belters choose a convenient time near 10 minutes, then their hash horizons will be similarly small.

Type I & II Blockchains Are DifferentThough they work on the same principles, the vast difference in scale between stellar Type II and planetary Type I blockchains doesn’t just make Solcoin bigger, it makes it different.

Type I & II Civilizations are DifferentType II civilizations are as different from Type I civilizations as Type II blockchains are from Type I blockchains.

Let’s explore some of the ways Type I & II civilizatio…

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

There is nothing that can provide greater security in bitcoin than holding private keys, whether an individual or business.

After exploring numerous options, we decided to enlist the help of Unchained Capital to implement our multisig set up with collaborative custody.

What is the future for small businesses and bitcoin?

Any last thoughts about bitcoin for small businesses?

Due to their nimble nature, small businesses currently have a chance to get out in front of this trend and set themselves up to create enormous opportunities for their companies, employees and the customers they serve; potentially creating a shift in the competitive playing field between large corporations and the small …

Unchained Capital + Coldcard – PSBT Done RightThe first notable aspect of this integration is that Unchained Capital now speaks PSBT.

This standard for saving partially signed transactions is relevant to all Unchained Capital clients whether you’re signing on your own or collaborating with others.

Air-gapped OnlyBoth Unchained Capital and Coldcard clients are obsessed with security.

Your Coldcard will never need to touch a computer or the internet to transact with Unchained Capital.

We’ll be adding full Coldcard support (air-gapped only) to Caravan for trust minimized external recovery from vaults and loans.

Unchained Capital + Coldcard – PSBT Done RightThe first notable aspect of this integration is that Unchained Capital now speaks PSBT.

This standard for saving partially signed transactions is relevant to all Unchained Capital clients whether you’re signing on your own or collaborating with others.

Air-gapped OnlyBoth Unchained Capital and Coldcard clients are obsessed with security.

Your Coldcard will never need to touch a computer or the internet to transact with Unchained Capital.

We’ll be adding full Coldcard support (air-gapped only) to Caravan for trust minimized external recovery from vaults and loans.

Coldcard is a premium hardware wallet for sophisticated users.

Unchained Capital is pleased to support Coldcard’s air-gapped functionality, along with maintaining support for Trezor and Ledger.

What you need:Unchained Capital supports Coldcard for air-gapped data transfer only.

This means that additional supplies are required:Initialized Coldcard Mk 2 or Mk 3 with the most recent firmwareMicroSD cardMicroSD card reader for your computerCreate an Unchained Capital AccountLog in at my.unchained-capital.com and fill out required onboarding information depending on which products you want to use.

Export the Xpub from the Coldcard

Coldcard is a premium hardware wallet for sophisticated users.

Unchained Capital is pleased to support Coldcard’s air-gapped functionality, along with maintaining support for Trezor and Ledger.

What you need:Unchained Capital supports Coldcard for air-gapped data transfer only.

This means that additional supplies are required:Initialized Coldcard Mk 2 or Mk 3 with the most recent firmwareMicroSD cardMicroSD card reader for your computerCreate an Unchained Capital AccountLog in at my.unchained-capital.com and fill out required onboarding information depending on which products you want to use.

Export the Xpub from the Coldcard

The OCC is giving banks the greenlight to custody bitcoin, bitcoin exchanges are becoming banks, and public companies are starting to stack a lot of sats.

We do so by making multisig easy to access through collaborative custody, while also ensuring that clients remain in unilateral control of private keys.

Unchained Capital has taken to calling multisignature where responsibilities are distributed across multiple parties “collaborative custody”.

The future of collaborative custody will preserve these strengths, while bringing more options and flexibility to both individuals and businesses, allowing clients to better tailor bitcoin security to their own respective needs.

When we launched our…

An increasing number of businesses are looking for ways to leverage bitcoin, whether as an active strategy or by holding it in reserve as a treasury asset.

“MicroStrategy has recognized Bitcoin as a legitimate investment asset that can be superior to cash and accordingly has made Bitcoin the principal holding in its treasury reserve strategy.” – Michael Saylor, MicroStrategy CEO (link) “Providing custody services for [bitcoin] falls within these longstanding authorities to engage in safekeeping and custody activities.

If a business is to leverage the strengths of the bitcoin protocol and own bitcoin as a reserve asset, it must first become comfortable with custody and security of the asset.…

Economic imbalance and growing inequality is the new normal, but there is nothing natural about sustained economic imbalance.

The one constant in bitcoin is its fixed supply; there will only ever be 21 million bitcoin, and there is nothing anyone can do about it.

Setting aside taxes and regulatory capture for a moment, if one wants to acquire bitcoin, he or she will have to provide value in return, and bitcoin will become the arbiter of that value.

By making the nominal amount of bitcoin zero-sum, it ensures that the economic system is non-zero sum.

Bitcoin held in smaller denominations continues to grow steadily, while bitcoin held in larger denominations continues to decline.

An open source collaboration between Unchained Capital and SatoshiLabs engineers gives Trezor hardware wallets the ability to confirm multisignature addresses displayed in a browser on the device, protecting bitcoin multisignature users from browser-based attacks.

The CollaborationAt Unchained Capital, we work with multisignature addresses in the browser, much like Trezor’s wallet (wallet.trezor.io) coordinates single signature addresses via the browser.

Dhruv Bansal, co-founder of Unchained Capital, and Szymon Lesisz and Pavol Rusnak of SatoshiLabs collaborated on open source development in order to improve Trezor Multisignature functionality by enabling a critical function for multisignat…

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Abstract: In this nostalgic look back into Bitcoin’s history, we go back over eight years, to the London Bitcoin Conference of 2012.

OverviewIn this piece we review the London 2012 Bitcoin Conference, held at Imperial (Russell Square) on the 15th and 16th of September 2012.

It was the first major Bitcoin conference this author attended and the second major conference ever, following the Prague conference in 2011, which many of the attendees had been to.

The tickets to the event cost £50, you could either pay cash on the door or in advance with bitcoin.

If you did not spend your bitcoin when going to a Bitcoin conference, when would you ever spend it?

Grayscale is the current clear leader, with over 550,000 bitcoin under management in its Bitcoin trust.

Grayscale TrustsGrayscale’s Bitcoin Trust [GBTC US] is by far the most popular Bitcoin investment vehicle which is traded on mainstream securities exchanges.

In our view the current situation is not sustainable and the premium will decline, either driven by reduced demand for Bitcoin or increased competition from other exchange traded bitcoin products.

Name Ticker Assets (US$m) Premium/(discount) to NAV Grayscale Bitcoin Trust GBTC US 10,569 23.0% Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETHE US 1,671 141.0% Grayscale Ethereum Classic Trust ETCG US 75.4 46.2% Grayscale Litecoin Trust LTCN US 74.4 3,197.4…

Stake Certificates) to solve the channel jamming problem.

They start the piece by overviewing issues with other solutions, and then present a naive, privacy-broken Stake Certificates.

Let’s first define the terms here one more time, and then proceed to the non-naive, private Stake Certificates.

ConclusionWe propose Stake Certificates, a new solution to channel jamming.

Since this might be useful in other contexts (Sybil-resistance of many kinds, proof-of-ownership), discussing Stake Certificates is even more useful.

Regular vs blind merge miningIt is also important to explain and identify two theoretical types of merge mining: regular merge mining and blind merge mining.

Regular merge mining is conducted by Bitcoin miners, while blind merge mining can normally be conducted by anyone, who then pays Bitcoin miners in fees.

Characteristics of regular vs blind merge miningRegular merge mining Blind merge mining Who conducts the mining?

Unfortunately, as far as we are aware, currently merged mining is primarily conducted the regular way, and blind merge mining is relatively rare.

Examples of blind merge mining systems include two competing proposals: an earlier proposal from Paul Sztorc’s (who identified ma…

Abstract: In this short piece, 100x Group grantee Calvin Kim provides a quick update on the development of the Utreexo implementation.

Calvin is now looking forward to focusing on performance, integration with existing Bitcoin implementations, and adding robust tests to the codebase.

Last year, when my first PR was merged, the Utreexo project was just past its proof of concept stage.

With the merge of https://github.com/mit-dci/utreexo/pull/192 which revamps the disk-storage for Utreexo bridgenodes, I believe we’re a step further in completing our implementation of the Utreexo project.

If anyone is interested in contributing to the project, do check out github issues (https://github.com/mit…

All the funds were swept away in a short amount of time and in one case, remarkably, the funds were taken in around 0.67 seconds.

Remarkably, three of the deposits were swept away before our transaction even got confirmed into the blockchain.

In one case, an independently run Bitcoin node witnessed the transaction sweeping away funds occur just 0.670 seconds after it saw the original transaction enter its memory pool.

This extremely fast sweep applied to the address with the passphrase “Call me Ishmael”, the opening line from the novel Moby-Dick.

Speed the brainwallet funds were swept away (Blocks)(Source: BitMEX Research)(Notes: The first four sweeps all occurred in the same transaction)Tr…

Lack of liquidity – Liquidity on the dex was low and there was little incentive to be a market maker.

For example if the pool contains 4,000 USDT and 10 ETH, the ETH price can be calculated as 4,000/10 = $400.

However, the lack of a native UniSwap token created an opportunity for copycat dexes, to use UniSwap’s methodology, while adding a native token.

The recent defi boomRecently defi has enjoyed phenomenal growth and dexes such as UniSwap have been key to the defi success.

Therefore, even if USDT and WBTC become the dominant tokens on the dexes, defi is still somewhat interesting, in our view.

Abstract: We have installed the Blockstream Bitcoin Satellite system, a way to download and verify Bitcoin’s blockchain via satellite, without the need for an internet connection.

OverviewFollowing on from our experimentation with Bitcoin miners a few weeks ago, in this piece we install and use the “Bitcoin Satellite”, a product supplied by Blockstream.

(The satellite antenna on the roof of the building)(The satellite antenna was connected to a laptop via the S400 Pro Satellite receiver)(The S400 Pro Satellite receiver web management console)UsageWe synced the Bitcoin node to the current tip using the internet and once the tip was reached, we disabled the internet connection by adding conne…

Key HighlightsCrypto Spot Volumes Soar, with Top Tier Exchanges DominatingIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Derivatives Volumes Surge by 54%Derivatives volumes increased 53.6% in August to $711.7bn.

Derivatives exchanges saw significant increases in trading volume in August.

Exchange Benchmark AnalysisIn August, Top-Tier volumes increased 58.3% to $529bn while Lower-Tier volumes increased 30.2% to $291bn.

Following the July update to CryptoCompare’s Exchange Benchmark Ranking, the data shows that higher risk exchanges have generally lost market share, as users begin shifting to lower risk (Top-Tier) exchanges.

Abstract: We provide a follow up to our previous piece, a comparison between the Antminer S19 Pro and the Whatsminer M30S+.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)Figure 4 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.4°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)The following thermal image shows the Antminer from above.

Figure 5 – Thermal image of the Antminer S19 Pro from above(Notes: Lowest temerature: 23.2°C.

Image taken after 3 hours of miner use)DisclaimerPlease note, this should be considered as a very amateur analysis.

Abstract: We compare and measure various performance metrics for two of the latest and most energy efficient Bitcoin mining products, MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+ and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro.

MicroBT’s Whatsminer M30S+, available for US$1,580 and Bitmain’s Antminer S19 Pro, with a list price of US$2,407.

It should be noted that the Whatsminer M30S+ is not MicroBT’s most advanced product and a more efficient Whatsminer M30S++ has been released.

Miner Reported Hashrate (TH/s) Efficiency (J/TH) Antminer S19 95 34.5 Antminer S19 Pro 110 29.5 Whatsminer M30S+ 100 34.0 Whatsminer M30S++ 112 31.0HashrateBitmain’s S19 Pro has a reported hashrate of 110 TH/s, while the Whatsminer M30S+ can reported…

Key HighlightsTop-Tier Exchange Volumes Surge, Gaining Market ShareIn July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

The top 4 exchanges Huobi, OKEx, Binance and BitMEX represented 90% of the volume traded on this day.

In July, Top-Tier volumes increased 42.1% to $334bn while Lower-Tier volumes decreased 38.1% to $224bn.

Top-Tier exchanges now represent 60% of total volume.

In July, volume from the 15 largest Top-Tier exchanges increased 69% on average (vs June).

Eventually, towards the end of the softfork window, two different softforks, a flag day softfork (BIP148) and an 80% miner threshold softfork (BIP91) made signalling for the Segregated Witness softfork mandatory and therefore it finally activated.

Based on our illustration we think there are essentially six reasonably likely choices when it comes to modern softfork activation.

Activation logic to be included in Bitcoin CoreIn favour of including activation logic in Bitcoin Core Against including activation logic in Bitcoin Core If the activation methodology is not implemented in Bitcoin Core, then there is the problem of achieving coordination over the activation parametersAt the same time,…

Illustration of Bitcoin Core’s new peer selection methodologyCall to action: testing and improving asmapThe new asmap feature to better diversify network peers is now available in Bitcoin Core 0.20.

Be the first to use new security features of Bitcoin Core node, help make them secure and easy to use, and contribute to Bitcoin-related utilities!

Background: connectivity, eclipse attacks and spyingEvery Bitcoin Core node nowadays by default establishes 10 connections (8 full connections and 2 block-relay-only connections).

One may also take a look at the asmap integration into Bitcoin Core, discussed in the review club.

3 Start your testing Bitcoin Core node with the `-asmap=` config option p…

Key HighlightsCrypto Volumes Plummet in JuneIn June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier spot volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

Among the top 15 top tier exchanges, they currently represent approximately three quarters of spot volume.

In June, both Top Tier volumes and Lower Tier volumes decreased drastically to $177bn (-36%) and $466bn (-53%) respectively.

In June, volume from many of the largest Top Tier exchanges decreased 35% on average (vs May).

All derivatives exchanges saw large decreases in trading volume in June, with BitMEX decreasing the most proportionally (-50.3% to $51.6bn).

But I think that the right way to think about multi party computation is basically just an implementation of multi signature.

And they are trying to get into the DeFi right now.

Arthur 36:32I think right now, I think for Nexus Mutual is a, it’s a bit of a debate.

So I think that’s kind of the expansion of the scope.

Hasu 58:04Yeah, I think that’s, I think that’s spot on.

After our episode on the top 20 crypto coins (#15) by market cap, we got a lot of requests to do one for Defi as well.

For that discussion, we brought in one of the foremost experts on Defi.

Arthur0x went from being one of the earliest users and investors at Synthetix, Aave, and Kyber, to running the largest Defi-focused fund in all of Asia.

The conversation ran pretty long, so we are releasing it in two parts.

Listen to Part 1Listen to Part 2We don’t have a transcript yet, but if you feel like writing one, feel free to PM me on Twitter or email it to hasu@uncommoncore.co.

In this paper, we introduce our model of Bitcoin’s security, which depends on a surprisingly small number of factors.

We find that Bitcoin can tolerate a high incentive to attack today, but the declining block subsidy poses a substantial risk for the future.

That was a really really crazy time for me with all the farming going on.

One of the problems with defi tokens until that point was that they were pretty illiquid.

DS: Perhaps not many of the current community share this aspiration of mine, but I really really want to see synthetic stablecoins outside of the USD being used outside of trading purposes and as an alternative to “official” digital fiat currencies.

don’t really like buy-and-burn models because you need to assume going concern and a secondary market bid.

I almost didn’t even want to farm the YFI tokens because I was thinking, “What would they govern, and why would they govern?

Even inside the crypto market or equities market, there exist many different products, many different time zones etc.

I think BTC is the clear denomination for the biggest players in crypto, that’s your CZs and miners and exchanges.

So I think BTC has the network effect as the base money and that is very hard to overcome.

Therefore I think ETH is currently in a more precarious situation than people realise:The ETH 2.0 roadmap is very complex.

The roll-up roadmap is promising but I don’t think it will deliver the things people are hyping it to be.

Today, I’m sitting down with Su Zhu, my co-host and friend, to talk about the state of the crypto market and what he’s seeing on the horizon.

But in practice, what has happened is that the largest players in crypto itself just use it as a money market.

If you don’t need to make money on trades … so, people who LP in Uniswap don’t need to make money, right?

So, to say that because he’s short selling – it kind of just tells you the mood of the market, right?

But in Ethereum Defi, there’s this big meme around like, oh you never sell, oh you never do this or do that.

So I think you’re right, but I think there’s some nuance there where it doesn’t have to converge.

So, I mean, in general, it depends on how specific we want to be on what is perpetual swap, right?

You’re, you’re giving the market a market order.

Because if you’re letting your long expire, you’re basically if you’re market neutral, you’re presuming, you’re saying the market that you’re going to now bid spot to replicate your exposure back to get your long back.

Su Zhu (00:48:50):I think there’s, there’s a lot of there’s a lot of cool stuff that can be done.

I’m, I’m, I’m just personally not a fan of that design pattern.

Because I’m, I’m, I’m also a interesting it’s, it’s interesting how my, my feelings on this has changed over the last few months.

And, and so, so, so that’s, that’s, that’s originally where our discussion started.

So yeah, that’s, that’s, that’s hopefully a step in, in a, in a better direction.

Which, which, again, I’m, I’m, I’m happy to, to, to challenge and fight and to see where it goes.

And, and, and that’s, that’s still the purpose of the yearn system overall is to maximize APR for its LPs.

And that’s where I’d like to see it as well, because I’m, I’m, I’m a, I’m a big, I’m a big advocate for sustainable yields.

Like it’s, it’s, I’m, I’m, I’m really actually unhappy with it, but at the same time, it was very interesting to see, but, but I, I traced all of the sell events.

So, so I’m, I’m, I’m tempted to say that that’s already, I’m already observing that.

But again, that’s, that’s, that’s one of those, those fascinating side effects that like, like so much has already happened, that I could not predict them in any kind of design ideas.

Someone on Twitter asked me about the thesis that an intolerant minority can defend Bitcoin.

I think the concept of the intolerant minority is frequently misapplied in Bitcoin.

Bitcoin is less defended by an intolerant minority than it defends against an intolerant minority.

When a sufficient number of people from the otherwise-tolerant majority disagree with a special interest group, they can branch into their own special interest group.

The more intolerant it is, the larger special interest groups need to be.

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Why this bull run is fundamentally different from 2017Bitcoin is nearing its prior all-time high (ATH), set in December 2017. It’s entirely plausible that we could regain the heady $20,000 level within the next few weeks or months.This time, it’s happening without much fanfare, and without the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) phenomenon which intensified the price action (investors bought BTC in order to participate in ICOs, driving the price up).If you gauge metrics of retail investor interest in the asset, whether it’s tweets or google searches, Bitcoin is still languishing well below it’s highs. This is causing a fair amount of puzzlement.Many are wondering what the cause of Bitcoin’s renewed…

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