Nearly 200 people dialed in to listen to Thursday’s hearing, which took place just over a year after the SEC filed suit.

When SEC counsel Stephan Schlegelmilch invoked the Telegram case as a very similar token offering to Kik’s, Judge Hellerstein interrupted.

He noted that Judge P. Kevin Castel, who presided over the Telegram case, only found that there was a “likelihood of success” in the preliminary injunction ruling.

Shlegelmilch went on to allege that Kik continually promised it would give the kin token value, referencing Kik’s 2017 white paper, which laid out its plans for kin.

Judge Hellerstein pushed back on that statement.

Bitcoin trading on Coinbase since July 8.

Source: TradingViewThe market at $9,200 per bitcoin erased gains earlier in the week when the world’s oldest cryptocurrency popped to $9,400 Wednesday.

Bitcoin trading on Coinbase the past month.

However, bets in the options market overwhelmingly favor bitcoin higher than $9,200, with options on $11,250 per BTC especially popular.

Source: DeFi PulseBy locking bitcoin in DeFi, investors are able to earn a reward, or “yield,” without having to trade into another asset such as ether.

For a decade, Michael Krieger’s Liberty Blitzkrieg has been an essential alternative financial and cultural voice.

As outrage culture ramps up, here’s why it’s ending.

This episode is sponsored by Bitstamp and Crypto.com.

Today on the Brief:Hong Kong re-closes schools based on COVID-19 growthCoinbase explores direct U.S. exchange listingChina starts selling stock, easing massive rallyToday's Interview: Michael KriegerOur main conversation is with Liberty Blitzkrieg creator and editor Michael Krieger.

Michael announced just before recording that he is done publishing on the LB site.

The social payments app Bottlepay (née Bottle Pay) aims to relaunch in the next few weeks, after shuttering due to regulations in December 2019.

After restructuring the bitcoin wallet product to fit Europe’s anti-money laundering directive (AMLD5), the British startup is offering an exchange wallet with social features on Reddit, Twitter and Discord.

Bottlepay co-founder Pete Cheyne said there are over 1,000 people on the waitlist for the closed beta relaunch in August.

“Lightning works in the background, without users having to manage channels,” Cheyne added.

Webster added the company won’t support tokens in the near future, although it might someday.

Bitcoin’s one-year correlation to the Standard & Poor’s 500 index hit record highs as the leading cryptocurrency continues to trade in lockstep with traditional financial markets.

Bitcoin’s correlation to the benchmark index of U.S. stocks has made new all-time highs for the past three consecutive trading days.

Bitcoin’s one-month correlation to the S&P, for example, reached a multi-year high of 0.79 on Wednesday, according to data from Skew, indicating a much stronger short-term correlation trend as levels of investor uncertainty and expected volatility remain high.

Historical one-year correlation of bitcoin to the S&P 500 Source: Coin MetricsBitcoin’s strong performance from March lows ha…

Because the successful emergence of any new currency, which by definition implies mass adoption, depends on similar moments of exponentiality.

For centuries, particularly throughout the 20th century, the solution to mass currency adoption was clear: wielding the power of the state.

Economic and geopolitical stress, combined with the opportunities posed by new digital currency and blockchain technologies, are creating the conditions for alternatives to challenge the global monetary system’s dollar-centric sovereign structure.

If China is to meet its international currency adoption ambitions, it must entice foreign businesses and individuals to the DCEP.

While it’s the independent Libra Assoc…

The latest swathe of major changes was released in version 4.0, one of its biggest upgrades since the Bitcoin wallet launched in 2011.

Lightning payments are seen as the future of Bitcoin because they’re cheaper and would allow many more users to make bitcoin cryptocurrency transactions at once.

This makes Electrum the oldest wallet to have adopted Lightning payments so far.

Hardware support for LightningElectrum also integrated Lightning with hardware support.

Electrum wallet users can view the full release notes here.

Coinbase will host its first investor day, New York State prosecutors won a jurisdictional dispute involving Bitfinex and a protocol arms race is unfolding in Latin America.

Here’s the story:You’re reading Blockchain Bites, the daily roundup of the most pivotal stories in blockchain and crypto news, and why they’re significant.

Top shelfNot Your Traditional Investor DayOn the same day Reuters reported Coinbase is looking to go public, the exchange scheduled its first-ever investor day, for Aug. 14.

Investor days can often signal a planned direct listing, Jamie McGurk, a former operating partner at Andreessen Horowitz, has said.

“This will not be a traditional investor day, but rather an opp…

With the price of BTC headed down and the Federal Reserve’s largest balance sheet decline in 11 years, CoinDesk’s Markets Daily is back for your bitcoin news roundup!

This episode is sponsored by Bitstamp and Crypto.com.

Today's Bitcoin News:The Fed’s balance sheet just dropped the most in 11 years, but despite popular opinion that is not necessarily bad news for bitcoin.

The Romanian programmer pleaded guilty to wire fraud and the offering and sale of unregistered securities.

After airdropping cryptocurrency to 60,000 users in Venezuela, AirTM survey results suggest how crypto is really used in the economically troubled nation.

In his most recent video, Charles Hoskinson frets that massive egos and bitter conflicts threaten to undermine the cryptocurrency community.

But, with a touch of Trumpian hyperbole, he suggests that journalists and rivals are trying to keep his project down.

This week’s animus surrounds a video that made the rounds on social media last week, which showed a marketing group promoting the Cardano project in a rural province of China.

Both the Cardano project and Hoskinson said they have no affiliation with the group.

“You know, this is where Trump derangement syndrome came from,” Hoskinson says, pensively stroking his beard.

Take Kyber Network Crystal (KNC), which is used to pay trading fees on the decentralized exchange Kyber.

The token’s price has surged eight-fold in 2020.

At the current rate, the platform charges trading fees of 0.20%, some 65% of which go directly to stakers.

According to the data aggregator Dune Analytics, decentralized exchanges are averaging a combined daily volume of about $60 million in July.

But he sees the price jump in the KNC tokens as a bet that decentralized exchanges will continue to grow.

If you’re here on CoinDesk, you may already see where blockchain adds immediate value to credentials: verification.

Similar pitfalls await those who plunge too quickly into inventing and issuing a large number of blockchain-based credentials.

Despite the risks of credential proliferation, I am hopeful about the potential value of blockchain-based credentials.

Here are three recommendations:Focus first on credential verificationJumping straight from introducing blockchain to creating new credentials misunderstands the value that blockchain provides.

The process of creating new credentials can then proceed slowly, taking advantage of emerging data to establish new credentials’ value and commu…

The U.S. Federal Reserve’s balance sheet is contracting, but despite popular opinion, that’s not necessarily bad news for bitcoin.

And Wall Street’s equity index has rallied by over 40% since a slump in March, largely on the back of Fed’s balance sheet expansion.

Federal Reserve balance sheet (blue line) alongside S&P 500 (red) and bitcoin prices (green).

Source: St. Louis FedAs such, a contracting balance sheet could portend a pullback in stocks, and perhaps bitcoin.

Therefore, the latest decline in the dollar swap lines could be considered good news.

DisclosureThe leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies.

CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.

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LedgerX is taking another stab at a VIX-like bitcoin volatility index.

The post LedgerX is taking another shot at a bitcoin fear gauge appeared first on The Block.

Chris Larsen, a co-founder and former CEO of distributed ledger startup Ripple, is reportedly paying for the installation of hundreds of security cameras across the city of San Francisco.

The post Ripple’s co-founder is paying to install security cameras across San Francisco appeared first on The Block.

The partnership between Didi and China's central bank may not mean people will be able to pay their rides with DCEP any time soon — here's why.

The post The Didi-PBoC partnership probably isn’t what you think it is appeared first on The Block.

The initial stage of Ethereum 2.0 — dubbed Phase 0 — may not go live until the start of 2021, according to a researcher involved in the project.

The post Ethereum 2.0’s Phase 0 may not go live until 2021, project researcher says appeared first on The Block.

The Bank of Lithuania, the country’s central bank, is set to issue LBCOIN ⁠— its blockchain-based digital collector coin — on July 23.

The post Lithuania’s central bank is releasing LBCOIN ⁠— its blockchain-based digital collector coin appeared first on The Block.

Privacy-focused browser provider Brave and Japan’s largest crypto exchange BitFlyer have partnered to develop a crypto wallet jointly.

The post Brave and BitFlyer team up to develop crypto wallet for Japanese users appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take Vanguard partnered with Symbiont for a pilot that automated FX transactions

Using blockchain for OTC mitigates the need for back and forth between counterparties and cuts down transaction time which means less exposure for both parties

OTC doesn’t have an established centralized system, making it the space where Vanguard is looking to start its blockchain automation

A Romanian man pleaded guilty to his role in the BitClub crypto Ponzi scheme on Thursday, according to an announcement from U.S. Attorney Craig Carpentino.

The post Romanian man pleads guilty to charge in connection with $722M BitClub Ponzi scheme appeared first on The Block.

Quick Take On Monday, the Trump administration released details of its PPP loans

The Block identified nearly 70 firms in the cryptocurrency industry that have received these loans

We look into the banks used by these firms, the employees they retained, and their categories

A state appeals court on Thursday sided with the New York Office of the Attorney General as it seeks documents from crypto exchange Bitfinex and stablecoin operator Tether amid an ongoing investigation.

The post New York appeals court sides with state Attorney General as it seeks documents from Bitfinex and Tether appeared first on The Block.

Cryptocurrency exchanges experienced a 14% decline in their web traffic last month and total web traffic hit a five-month low. The post Web traffic to cryptocurrency exchanges fell by 14% in June appeared first on The Block.

Orchid, the crypto-powered, privacy network, had its iOS app admitted into the Apple Store earlier this week.

And Orchid (OXT) token holders are already reaping the benefits.

The value of the native token of decentralized VPN, OXT, has risen by 11% since the Orchid app debuted in the Apple store.

Following the launch, Orchid (OXT) rose from about $0.160 on July 8 to $0.173 (8 percent) after hitting the app store.

Orchid’s VPN aggregates bandwidth from these different VPN servers and lets its users “hop” between them, thus preserving their privacy.

Ethereum 2.0 “might happen far sooner," he wrote in a comment.

Ethereum 2.0 is the next version of the Ethereum blockchain.

Ethereum Foundation researcher Danny Ryan also thinks that Ethereum 2.0 will launch this year: “I and others are still putting money on 2020,” he commented in the Reddit AMA.

Why does Buterin think Ethereum 2.0 is still on track to launch this year?

There's no bug bounty program, no differential fuzzing, no incentivized attack net.”So when Ethereum 2.0?

BRD review: Design and UXIt's safe to say that BRD has one of the most attractive designs out there.

BRD review: Getting startedGetting your own BRD wallet is a quick process that begins with setting up a six-digit secure PIN code.

BRD review: FeaturesYou can unlock a variety of rewards by holding a fixed sum of BRD tokens.

BRD review: SecurityA mandatory PIN code is the first line of defence for the BRD wallet, but fingerprint verification is also an option.

BRD review: VerdictUsers in the United States can use BRD to find the location of their nearest crypto ATM.

The US Secret Service is one of the most enigmatic and entrenched law enforcement agencies in America; now, in a one-off interview, the service has revealed its views on cryptocurrency and cybercrime.

First established in 1865 and tasked with preventing the then-widespread counterfeiting of US currency, the Secret Service has since garnered a reputation as presidential protectors.

Modernizing the Secret ServiceSpeaking to Forbes, US Secret Service cyber policy advisor Jonah Force Hill offered an on-the-record insight into the service's modernized role.

"In addition to our more well-known protective mission, is responsible for the investigation of crimes against the US financial system,' exp…

The battering taken by the global economy could mean that less money is directed into the crypto and blockchain industry.

Crunching the numbers on VC fundingIn April, at the height of the pandemic, disclosed VC funding for crypto projects dropped by more than 50%.

Since then, overall funding in the blockchain industry has stagnated, according to Crunchbase.

Wayne Lin, founder of Axia8 Ventures and a former senior partner of Shanghai-based BN capital, estimates (as a “snap judgment”) a 40% decline in crypto funding since the start of the year.

“Blockchain and crypto are clearly here to stay,” said Alexander S. Blum, co-founder and COO of crypto asset management firm Two Prime.

Prominent Bitcoin (BTC) advocate Tuur Demeester has changed his mind on the merits of holding Ethereum (ETH) and has bought in—after five years of slamming Bitcoin’s closest rival.

He’s emphasized that he’s still a Bitcoin believer, and retains plenty of reservations about Ethereum.

He’s not the only Bitcoin maximalist to be open to making money from Ethereum.

He explained that recent world events meant he was less excited about focussing primarily on Bitcoin, and the harsh line that was adopted by some Bitcoin fans.

A shift towards EthereumThere has been somewhat of a movement from Bitcoin to Ethereum in recent months.

In Bitcoin’s case, the upper limit was set by its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, at exactly 21 million.

At the time of Bitcoin's creation, the entire world's money supply stood at approximately $21 trillion.

Looking at the parameters used to control Bitcoin's supply, it becomes clear that the 21 million BTC figure allows the network to ensure that blocks are mined in a regular timeframe (10 minutes).

As it turns out, the parameters Satoshi set for this inevitably lead to the production of a maximum of 21 million BTC.

By multiplying this number by the 210,000 blocks/cycle figure, you arrive at the maximum possible supply of 21 million.

Silviu Catalin Balaci has confessed that he was one of the individuals behind BitClub Network, a crypto Ponzi scheme that siphoned at least $722 million worth of Bitcoin from its investors, according to the US Attorney’s office for the District of New Jersey.

“Balaci assisted Goettsche and Medlin in creating and operating the BitClub Network and served as a programmer for the BitClub Network,” explained the statement.

As Decrypt reported on December 12, 2019, prosecutors charged Matthew Brent Goettsche, Jobadiah Sinclair Weeks and Silviu Catalin Balaci with running BitClub, a massive fraud involving cryptocurrency.

In his statement, Balaci confirmed that BitClub never had a profitable minin…

There were more than 29,000 tweets about the cryptocurrency XRP yesterday, setting a new all-time high and coming shortly after a 14% surge in the coin’s price.

XRP tweets hit an all-time high of 29,143 on July 9.

XRP’s market cap amounts to a mere third of Ethereum’s and a twelfth of Bitcoin’s.

The surge in the number of tweets is likely being led by a small revival in the coin’s price.

Despite the minor bounce, XRP is still slipping down the cryptocurrency market cap rankings.

Students from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) took home the gold medal at this year’s International Blockchain Olympiad (IBCOL).

The international contest, organized by City University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Blockchain Society, is structured like a hackathon; teams come together and build out solutions to presented problems, and their code is then judged on its technical merit.

Students from the two universities built out a platform for academic credential verification called BCred, which targets CV and credential fraud.

Gabriel ChanSixty projects from 15 countries and territories including the United States, Cana…

Now, Centre, the company behind the centralized US dollar-pegged stablecoin, USDC, has blacklisted an Ethereum address holding $100,000 worth of the token.

“Imagine if some of the USDC is sitting in a Maker vault,” Stani Kulechov, CEO of DeFi lending protocol Aave told Decrypt.

Crypto companies, though operating in a largely unregulated environment, must still comply with law enforcement, and Centre appeared no different.

Now, “USDC blacklisting has gone from a hypothetical concern to a real risk,” tweeted Jake Chervinsky, general counsel to Compound, the new king of DeFi.

“While we cannot comment on the specifics of law enforcement requests, Centre complies with binding court orders that h…

The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) said earlier this week that it can’t find the man allegedly responsible for a $147 million crypto scam, so it’s asking a court to resolve the case without him.

Benjamin Reynolds, the missing man of the hour, was the director of Control-Finance, a UK-based cryptocurrency investment company that the CFTC alleges raked in 22,859 Bitcoin from more than 1,000 customers when it operated between May and September, 2017.

Control-Finance lured investors with promises of guaranteed monthly trading profits of 45%, according to the CFTC’s complaint.

It told its customers that their Bitcoin was secure and would be returned to them while the c…

Coinbase considering an IPOCoinbase Inc has initiated preparations for a stock market listing that could come as early as this year, making it the first major U.S. cryptocurrency exchange to go public, according to people familiar with the matter.

The listing would need the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) blessing.

Were the securities watchdog to greenlight it, it would represent a landmark victory for cryptocurrency advocates vying for its endorsement.

Australian comedian Jim Jeffries reveals he bought 1 Bitcoin via Robinhood appDuring a podcast comedian Jim Jeffries revealed he had bought 1 Bitcoin via the Robinhood app, however the podcasters managed to conclude that the coin was never transferred to a wallet, and instead, it still sits in the app.

Because Jeffries does not hold the keys to his Bitcoin and purchased the coin on Robinhood app, it is reasonable to say that Jeffries bought a digital IOU instead of an actual BItcoin, that is, until he ows the keys to his coin.

London Stock Exchange parent assigns financial ‘bar codes’ to cryptos including BitcoinOne of Europe’s largest financial markets, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) added 169 digital assets (including Bitcoin) to its SEDOL Masterfile service, a global database that assigns unique identifiers to financial instruments.

The seven-digit alphanumeric codes help LSEG’s customers keep track of traded assets from execution to settlement.

The addition of Bitcoin and its ilk to the database, in response to customer demand, seems to be a sign that institutional investors are slowly embracing the asset class.

Researchers expose an RBF vulnerability in some Bitcoin walletsResearchAndMarkets[dot]com published a new article about a vulnerability in major Bitcoin wallets.

A team at ZenGo discovered the BigSpender bug affecting major crypto-wallets, including Ledger Live, Edge, BreadWallet and potentially many more.

Attackers use the RBF feature to replace their pending transaction with a transaction to another wallet that they control.

For vulnerable wallets, this pending transaction will be reflected as an increase in the account balance, leading some users to believe they have received funds even though they have not.

This can cause the victim’s stated balance and actual funds to become decoupled …

CFTC to develop 'holistic framework' for crypto assets by 2024The CFTC is set to develop comprehensive regulations for cryptocurrencies by 2024.

The derivatives regulator said: “We will develop a holistic framework to promote responsible innovation in digital assets”

Indian tech giant TCS launches crypto trading solution for financial institutionsIndian tech giant Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) launched a crypto trading solution for financial institutions.

A TCS spokesperson said one customer has already signed up for the solution and “a few more” are close to signing up, without disclosing any names.

Sumit Gupta, CEO of Indian crypto exchange CoinDCX, said the news is “extremely promising” for the Indian crypto industry.

The Venezuelan government’s army seized 315 Bitcoin mining machines "for not having the permit..." according to an official announcement via Twitter from the Army’s commander Adolfo Rodriguez Cepeda.The seized machines were Antminer S9s according to CriptoNoticias

Cyyptocurrency exchange Kraken adds new banking option for US usersUsers can now make bank wire transfers from their accounts at MDV Bank to fund purchases of cryptocurrency with U.S. dollars.

The addition brings the total number of USfunding options to seven.

Kraken recommends its users switch to the new service.

Insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, MVB Bank was formed in 1997 and is chartered under West Virginia state law.

Snapchat investor Lightspeed Venture invests $2.8M into crypto market maker WintermuteCrypto market maker Wintermute has raised $2.8 million in a Series A funding round.

It is led by Lightspeed Venture Partners, a Silicon Valley venture firm known for being an early investor in Snapchat.

Wintermute will use the funds to expand its business into over-the-counter trading and the crypto derivatives market.

Mercedes maker Daimler trials blockchain for supply-chain data sharingMercedes-Benz maker Daimler is testing Ocean Protocol's blockchain-based data-sharing platform, and has completed a proof-of-concept (PoC) showing how they can begin monetizing data streams within the company and across its supply chains.

The project, which involved Daimler’s Stuttgart headquarters and its Singapore manufacturing hub, lets large enterprises feel more comfortable about sharing data and extracting insights from hitherto undiscovered datasets – while keeping tabs on who’s looking at what.

Online travel agency Travala lets travelers book Expedia hotels for BitcoinBinance-backed online travel agency Travala[dot]com is adding support for Expedia bookings in a partnership that brings Bitcoin payments back to the travel giant’s properties for the first time since 2018.

700,000 hotels are now available for booking using Bitcoin through Travala, and Expedia is the world’s second-largest OTA.

“Travala is one of the very few projects in the crypto space that is bridging the gap to traditional multinationals in a huge way,” Travala CEO Juan Otero said.

$190M Bitcoin fund tied to former ‘Sheriff Of Wall Street’ launches for institutional investorsNew York Digital Investment Group (NYDIG) today disclosed in an SEC filing that it closed a $190 million Bitcoin fund.

The NYDIG Institutional Bitcoin Fund LP reports that it has 24 unnamed investors.

$5.3B hedge fund expands Bitcoin mining investment with US-based Core ScientificCore Scientific announced yesterday that the hedge fund and investment manager Horizon Kinetics increased its partnership with the U.S. based blockchain hosting provider.

Horizon upgraded its cryptocurrency service, hosted by Core Scientific, to Bitmain Antminer S19 and S19 Pro models.

Horizon Kinetics has approximately $5.3 billion in assets under management.

Core Scientific stated in their press release that during the last year, Horizon Kinetics had tripled the number of miners it hosts with Core Scientific.

Crypto custody firm Curv raises $23M in fundingCurv, a startup that provides crypto custody services to institutions, recently brought in $23 million during a funding round, drawing investment from industry players such as Digital Currency Group, Coinbase Ventures and CommerzVentures.

The company, which offers a unique multi-party computation (MPC) security solution that eliminates the need for keys, also announced the existence of tX, a group of cryptographers and other technologists who will leverage Curv’s keyless solutions to create deployment models that can be used by both traditional and crypto-focused financial institutions.

Curv indicated it plans to use the funds raised to pursue …

Swiss government passes law to encourage crypto businessesThe Swiss government is encouraging blockchain startups to set up shop with new laws that lower legal barriers to such businesses while leaving favorable tax laws untouched.

Switzerland’s government unanimously passed a legislative package changing about a dozen financial laws on June 17.

The changes are intended to remove legal barriers to applications of blockchain and distributed ledger technology.

14 августа криптовалютная биржа Coinbase проведет первый в своей истории «день инвестора».

Как сообщил представитель Coinbase, мероприятие направлено на повышение осведомленности о криптовалютах и блокчейне:«Это не будет традиционным днем инвестора.

Мы предложим узнать наше видение криптовалютной экономики и роли Coinbase в экосистеме».

Бывший партнер Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) Джейми Макгурк написал, что день инвестора часто говорит о запланированном прямом листинге:«Компания пригласит инвесторов на день инвестора, где они будут публично говорить о ней и финансовых результатах, но только об исторических показателях».

Макгурк также отметил, что «день инвестора» обычно проводится за пять нед…

Иcпaнcкий тpaнcнaциoнaльный бaнкoвcкий гигaнт Banco Santander pacшиpил oxвaт cвoeй мeждунapoднoй плaтёжнoй cиcтeмы One Paу FX и тeпepь paбoтaeт в 19 cтpaнax.

Taкжe в кpeдитнoй opгaнизaции зaявили oб уcкopeнии плaтeжeй нa One Paу FX зa cчёт cиcтeмы плaтeжeй Ripple.

Cepвиc One Paу FX, зaпущeнный в 2018 гoду кaк пpилoжeниe для мeждунapoдныx плaтeжeй в пapтнёpcтвe c Ripple, упpoщaeт мeждунapoдныe плaтeжи и уcкopяeт иx oбpaбoтку, в нeкoтopыx cлучaяx дo cлeдующeгo дня.

Oбъяcняя пpичину пocлeдниx улучшeний, тexничecкий диpeктop One Paу FX Эд Meтцгep зaмeтил:«Kлиeнты cкaзaли нaм, чтo никoгдa нe знaли, cкoлькo дeнeг пepeчиcлят пoлучaтeлям, пoтoму чтo нe пoнимaли, кaким будeт oбмeнный куpc или кoмиcc…

В аутсайдерах оказался только криптоброкер Coinbase, за сутки кошельки компании потеряли 20787 Bitcoin, несмотря на большее количество пополнений и меньшее количество снятий.

Очевидно, средства снимались крупным игроком, который опасался очередного сбоя площадки в момент роста рынка.

Торговые приложения и сайт Coinbase уже дважды зависали этом году в момент сильных колебаний курса.

В целом, вывод криптовалюты подтверждает тенденцию этого года, пользователи все больше предпочитают хранить монеты в собственных кошельках, переходя на торговлю деривативами.

Хранение Bitcoin «на руках» в 2020-м году открывает дополнительные возможности: оформления кредита на маржинальную торговлю, выпуска стейбл…

Kpупнeйшaя в Япoнии кpиптoбиpжa Bitflуer нaчaлa coтpудничaть c кoнфидeнциaльным бpaузepoм Brave, имeющим coбcтвeнную кpиптoвaлюту BAT.

«Brave — этo бpaузep c тoкeнaми BAT, кoтopый блoкиpуeт peклaму и пoзвoляeт пoлучaть тoкeны зa пpocмoтp peклaмныx cooбщeний.

Mы paccмaтpивaeм eгo кaк нoвую кoнцeпцию, дeмoнcтpиpующую пoтeнциaл кpиптoвaлюты… Mы xoтим, чтoбы люди cтaли ближe знaкoмитьcя c кpиптoвaлютoй блaгoдapя пapтнёpcтву c Brave».

Пoльзoвaтeли Brave пooщpяютcя тoкeнaми Basic Attention Token (BAT), oднaкo из-зa нopмaтивныx oгpaничeний япoнcкиe пoльзoвaтeли Brave нaгpaждaютcя Basic Attention Points.

Bпoлнe вoзмoжнo, чтo BitFlуer и Brave тaкжe зaпуcтят coвмecтную мapкeтингoвую кaмпaнию, пoвышaю…

Согласно данным аналитического сервиса CryptoRank.io, суммарный ежедневный объем фьючерсов на биткойн на топовых криптобиржах регулярно превышает отметку в $35 млрд.

На графике выше видно, что суточный объем фьючерсной торговли составляет более $16 млрд., в то время как объем спотовых сделок менее $4 млрд.

Важно отметить, что торговля фьючерсами происходит не в той же книге ордеров, что и спотовая торговля.

Активное развитие фьючерсной торговли на биткойн произошло благодаря запуску деривативных площадок.

Однако, розничные крипто трейдеры только начали постигать искусство фьючерсной торговли.

Основатель компании Heisenberg Capital рассказал, когда первая криптовалюта уничтожит все остальные монеты, и какая из них является «откровенным мусором».

Биткойн подорожает до $100 000, заявил основатель компании Heisenberg Capital и миллиардер Макс Кайзер во время своего шоу Keiser Report на канале Russia Today.

Он отметил, что в этом или следующем году первая криптовалюта уничтожит все остальные проекты, в том числе токен XRP, который является «откровенным мусором».

«BTC будет стоить $100 000 за монету и уничтожит всех, кто встанет у него на пути.

Миллиардер не назвал причин и сроков подорожания криптовалюты, но отметил, что при курсе в $9000-10 000 она является такой же привлекательной …

Нужно понимать, почему большие деньги, которые Рэй Далио называет сдвигом парадигмы в инвестициях, неизбежно придут в драгоценные металлы и, по моему мнению, в криптовалютную сферу.

Хрустального шара не существует, и в предсказаниях зачастую главную роль играет удача и способность поймать нужный момент.

Необходимо анализировать макроэкономическую среду, которая вызывает перемещение денег из одних активов в другие.

Есть реальные и более существенные макроэкономические причины, которые в среднесрочной перспективе приведут к снижению процентных ставок США и переходу институциональных денег в такие сферы инвестиций, как золото и криптовалюты.

В результате EFFR выше IOER, поскольку банки «задыха…

Директор по вопросам политики Libra Жюльен Ле Гок подчеркнул, что проект, поддерживаемый Facebook, не отказывается от своего первоначального плана по выпуску стейблкоина, который обеспечен корзиной национальных валют.

«Мы не отказываемся от мультивалютного стейблкойна.

В обновленном whitepaper Libra, который был опубликован в этом году, говорилось, что сначала будут выпущены несколько моновалютных стейблкойнов (LibraUSD, LibraEUR, LibraGBP и LibraSGD).

В whitepaper отмечалось, что мультивалютный стейблкойн Libra (LBR) также будет выпущен, но он будет обеспечен моновалютными стейблкойнами:«LBR не будет отделен от этих моновалютных стейблкойнов.

Он добавил, что в Libra Association также изуча…

Основатель Galaxy Digital Майк Новограц считает, что сейчас инвесторам целесообразнее держать значительную часть своих капиталов в золоте, а не в биткойне.

В эфире программы Fast Money на CNBC Новограц заявил:«Я чувствую, что биткойн существенно его превосходит, но я бы советовал держать гораздо меньше биткойна, чем золота, просто в силу волатильности».

Биткойн же на протяжении последних месяцев остаётся заперт в ограниченном канале и в большей степени коррелирует с фондовым рынком.

Новограц признаёт, что биткойн всё ещё остаётся на ранних этапах развития, а купить его обычному розничному инвестору довольно сложно.

Комментируя ситуацию на фондовом рынке, Новограц выдвинул предположение о то…

Криптовалютная биржа OKEx зафиксировала в июне более 8 тыс.крупных сделок, что превысило показатели остальных площадок, следует из данных сервиса Kaiko.

Чаще они происходят со стейблкойном USDT, чем с долларом США.

Кроме того, средний размер «заявки кита» на OKEx на покупку почти в два раза превышает размер заявки на продажу.

Это может быть связано с тем, что при продаже активов участники рынка предпочитают разделять свои заявки на более мелкие части.

На втором месте Bitstamp с 0,3783 BTC, что более чем в два раза превышает показатели таких криптобирж, как Gemini и Coinbase.

В США будет разработано целостное регулирование рынка криптовалют до 2024 г., заявили в Комиссии по торговле товарными фьючерсами США.

Изначально в сферу компетенции Комиссии входило регулирование рынка деривативов на сырьевые товары и контроль за мошенничеством и манипулированием в этой сфере.

Теперь в программе отмечается, что биржи, специализирующиеся на фьючерсах на цифровые активы также попадают под надзор ведомства.

В феврале министр финансов США Стивен Мнучин сказал, что биткойн не должен применяться, как счет в швейцарском банке.

Также политик анонсировал новые законодательные требования к рынку криптовалют и отметил, что инструменты регулирования не должны препятствовать развитию т…

В этом случае цена должна найти поддержку на уровнях EMA и быстро вернуться к росту за пределы верхней границы диапазона, выбивая медведей из их позиций».

Дважды цена абсорбировалась на уровне EMA 100 на дневном графике, и это свидетельствует о сохранении поддержки EMA текущего тренда.

Это сигнализировало бы не только о том, что прорыв вниз не удался, но и о завершении консолидации.

Конечно же, трейдеры, следящие за развитием ситуации во флэте, увидят в этом возможность для открытия лонга на пробой линии тренда в ожидании следующего этапа бычьего ралли.

Понимание того, что медведи на текущий момент оказались в ловушке, может послужить основанием для еще одного уверенного движения вверх.

Пo cooбщeнию Technode, дoчepняя кoмпaния Alibaba и китaйcкaя cудoxoднaя кoмпaния Ant Group нaчaлa coтpудничaть c тpeтьeй пo вeличинe в миpe cудoxoднoй кoмпaниeй COSCO.

Oбa гигaнтa будут изучaть, кaк блoкчeйн Ant мoжeт быть интeгpиpoвaн c oтгpузкoй и oтcлeживaниeм тoвapoв в цeляx oптимизaции лoгиcтики чepeз пopты.

Texнoлoгия блoкчeйн oбecпeчивaeт пpoзpaчный цифpoвoй peecтp, кoтopый cнижaeт зaтpaты, cвязaнныe c лoгиcтикoй в мopcкoм бизнece.

Плaтфopмa coeдинит мopcкую гpузoвую oтpacль, нa кoтopую пpиxoдитcя 90% тopгoвли пo вceму миpу, и влaдeльцeв гpузoв, тaмoжeнныe opгaны, oпepaтopы cудoв, пopты и лoгиcтичecкиe кoмпaнии.

Ant Group aктивнo инвecтиpуeт в блoкчeйн, внeдpяя дeцeнтpaлизoвaнныe тex…

Пoльзoвaтeли Tвиттepa выpaзили oбecпoкoeннocть пo пoвoду пpилoжeния Binance для Android, coдepжaщeгo шпиoнcкoe ПO.

Пo cлoвaм пoльзoвaтeля @ShitcoinSherpa, кoтopый paзмecтил cкpиншoт cepтификaтa издaтeля, paзpeшeния, зaпpaшивaeмыe Binance в eгo пpилoжeнии для Android, включaют дocтуп к кaмepe и вoзмoжнocть зaпиcи звукa.

Koд, paзpaбoтaнный внутpи пpилoжeния Binance, oпpeдeлённo нe иcпoльзуeт микpoфoн.

Ho бдитeльнoгo пoльзoвaтeля @ShitcoinSherpa этoт oтвeт нe впoлнe уcтpoил:«Я нe утвepждaю, чтo этo *шпиoнcкoe ПO*, нo зaпpaшивaeмыe paзpeшeния нe нужны для зaпуcкa пpилoжeния биpжи.

Coтpудник, paбoтaющий в лaбopaтopии вpeдoнocныx пpoгpaмм и пoжeлaвший ocтaтьcя aнoнимным, зaмeтил, чтo «пpилoжeния …

Военные в Венесуэле задержали грузовик с оборудованием для майнинга криптовалют.

Согласно публикации, грузовик марки «Chevrolet» перевозил 315 майнеров Antminer S9.

Портал Criptonoticias сообщает, что в Венесуэле были введены строгие карантинные меры, в соответствии с которыми автомобильные поездки на дальние расстояния запрещены.

Майнинг криптовалют в Венесуэле является официально признанным видом деятельности, а штраф за владение или использование такого оборудования без разрешения может достигать $18 000.

Это первый случай изъятия майнингового оборудования в Венесуэле с начала года.

Группа разработки финансовых мер борьбы с отмыванием денег (FATF) представила доклад, посвященный стейблкоинам. Его лейтмотивом стали потенциал массового внедрения «стабильных» монет и необходимость следования их эмитентами и криптовалютными биржами требованиям организации.

Virtual Assets FATF Report G20 So Called Stablecoins by ForkLog on Scribd «Стейблкоины больше чем криптовалюты подходят для массового внедрения. В том случае, если они действительно остаются стабильными в стоимости, проще в использовании и созданы крупными компаниями, которые намерены их интегрировать в массовые телекоммуникационные платформы», — говорится в докладе FATF.

По мнению наднационального регулятора, стейблкоин…

Глава популярной биржи Binance Чанпэн Чжао заявил, что стал бета-тестером готовящейся к запуску криптовалютной дебетовой карты и рассказал о первом опыте использования нового продукта.

I love beta testing products…All real transactions.

Audible/Amzn, Grab (Uber replacement), Lazada (Amzn replacement).

Merchants accepts fiat, I paid in #BNB, direct from my Binance account.#Binance Card — I think I can finally go from 99% to 100% crypto.

pic.twitter.com/8b60A6Cpui— CZ Binance (@cz_binance) July 10, 2020

Известная некоммерческая организация WikiLeaks добавила поддержку биткоин-платежей с использованием Lightning Network (LN) в свой официальный магазин.

The @Wikileaks shop https://t.co/z1VcHcXrGB now accepts orders using Bitcoin Lightning.

#bitcoin #btc $btc @lightning #lightning #btcln — select coinpayments at checkout pic.twitter.com/oWiMq8UEUC— WikiLeaks Shop (@WikiLeaksShop) July 7, 2020

Запуск нулевой фазы Ethereum 2.0, скорее всего, не состоится до конца этого года.

Такое мнение выразил разработчик Джастин Дрейк, отвечая на вопросы завсегдатаев Reddit.

Например, тестовой сети с поддержкой более трех клиентов следует проработать без перебоев 2-3 месяца.

Также перед запуском Ethereum 2.0 нужно провести программу по выявлению багов.

Дрейк сослался на свой более ранний твит, в котором говорится, что разработчики «сами сделали сложным» процесс подготовки к запуску Ethereum 2.0, основательно подойдя к подготовке клиентов обновленной системы и решению прочих задач.

Ее разработчики пошли на это в досудебном порядке.

Страница проекта Braver в Twitter переехала на другую, с изменившимся на Bold Browser названием.

Разработчики нового браузера посетовали на оказываемое на них давление компании, которая считает себя «уважающей конфиденциальность и анонимность».

По их словам, она поощряет отправку юридических угроз в адрес единственного неанонимного участника проекта с открытым исходным кодом.

— Bold Browser (@BoldBrowser) July 9, 2020

Помимо сокращения объемов торгов криптовалютами, в июне значительно просел трафик биржевых площадок. Об этом свидетельствует совместное исследование The Block и SimilarWeb. Количество посетителей сайтов снизилось на 14% и достигло пятимесячного минимума – 98,1 млн посещений. Самой посещаемой торговой площадкой прошедшего месяца была Binance с 23,4 млн визитов. За ней следуют Coinbase с 19 млн посетителей и BitMEX с 7 млн человек. В совокупности эти три платформы привлекли более половины от общего числа посетителей биткоин-бирж. Наименее посещаемыми были площадки Korbit, BTSE и OKCoin. При этом июньский трафик BitMEX, Bittrex и Bitfinex снизился более чем на 20% по сравнению с маем. Ранее ст…

Киевские правоохранители выявили предполагаемого мошенника, продававшего более 50 баз данных государственных структур через мессенджер. Об этом сообщается на сайте киберполиции. Согласно данным следствия, злоумышленник размещал информацию о продаже данных на хакерских форумах. Продажа осуществлялась с помощью бота в мессенджере. Покупатели оплачивали товар за криптовалюту. Информацию злоумышленник получал путем взлома электронных почт, учетных записей в соцсетях […]

О текущей ситуации на рынке рассказывает практикующий трейдер и основатель проекта Crypto Mentors Никита Семов.

Price Action и VSA

Классический вариант с паттерном UT красноречиво сигнализирует о нежелании покупателей толкать цену выше. [caption id="attachment_103794" align="aligncenter" width="1440"] График BTC/USD от TradingView[/caption] Появился агрессивный медведь, который с высоким углом атаки направил объемные волатильные бары вниз к целевым значениям. Однако даже на вертикальной гистограмме можно увидеть усиливающееся давление, что свидетельствует о высокой вероятности коррекции наверх. Обновление крайнего лоя прошло нерезультативно, что дополнительно указывает на необходимость вола…

Палата по апелляционным делам Верховного суда штата Нью-Йорк отклонила апелляцию криптовалютной биржи Bitfinex, обязав передать генпрокурору штата все запрошенные им документы. Юристы настаивали на том, что на зарегистрированную на Британских Виргинских островах компанию не распространяется юрисдикция прокуратуры. 468608568 2019 03341 in the Matter of the I v in the Matter of the I DECISION and […]

8 июля пользователи вывели с кастодиальных биткоин-бирж на 20 660 биткоинов больше, чем внесли. Это рекордный отток за сутки в 2020 году, свидетельствуют данные аналитиков Glassnode. Больше всего в этот день пользователи вывели с биржи Coinbase — 20 787 BTC (более $190 млн на момент написания), что превышает средний показатель по всем площадкам. Другие биржи […]

Криптовалютная биржа Bitfinex добавила поддержку Dogecoin после стремительного роста монеты до двухлетнего максимума.

Торги монетой начались сегодня, 10 июля, перед полуднем.

@Dogecoin is listed on Bitfinex!

Trading will start in one hour, at 8:30 am UTC.

Visit #dogecoin deposits page at ⬇️https://t.co/FUVxUJxBQs pic.twitter.com/uVDJUwXJds— Bitfinex (@bitfinex) July 10, 2020

Аналитики исследовательской компании Weiss Crypto Ratings спрогнозировали ралли биткоина до $70 000 к середине следующего года. На это указывает модель Stock-to-Flow (S2F). S2F рассчитывается как отношение общего доступного предложения актива и его ежегодного прироста. Аналитики определили, что на основе этой модели цена биткоина должна значительно вырасти в течение ближайших 12 месяцев. [caption id="attachment_103779" align="aligncenter" width="820"] Источник: Weiss Crypto Ratings[/caption] Они добавили, что на протяжении всей истории биткоина модель довольно точно отражала его рыночную стоимость.

«Долгосрочные инвесторы должны изучать слабости этого актива для поиска точек входа и держать…

Известный биткоин-инвестор Алистер Милн решил творчески обезоружить скептиков, сомневающихся в сохранении первой криптовалютой какой-либо ценности в будущем.

На бирже Bitfinex он выставил заявку на покупку всех выпущенных монет по цене в один цент.

I hereby confirm that #Bitcoin will never go to zero (at least on @bitfinex)I’m buying them all at $0.01 🤣 pic.twitter.com/t2f6J6YPor— Alistair Milne (@alistairmilne) July 9, 2020

Глава инвестиционной компании Pulte Capital Partners Билл Пулте объявил о раздаче денег подписчикам в Twitter для покупки биткоина.

Миллиардер пообещал раздать деньги через приложение CashApp при одном условии: получатель не должен продавать купленную криптовалюту.

Пулте считает, что в будущем рыночная стоимость BTC будет выше.

I will be sending money to some of you tonight for you to buy Bitcoin in CashApp.

Names will be herehttps://t.co/2yeSE6Nly0— Bill Pulte (@pulte) July 9, 2020

Децентрализованные финансы (DeFi) способны изменить финансовую систему, однако их развитию мешают проблемы безопасности. Об этом заявил глава блокчейн-стартапа Quantstamp Ричард Ма, сообщает Cointelegraph. Он подчеркнул, что только в 2020 году уже произошло несколько взломов DeFi-проектов, в результате которых было украдено $26 млн. По его мнению, одним из самых больших способом атак являются недостаточно обеспеченные займы. […]

Перевод статьи Bitcoin Wallets подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Итак, вы приобрели немного биткоинов, и теперь столкнулись со следующим вопросом: как их лучше всего хранить? Мы поможем вам подобрать тот кошелек, который подойдет именно вам.Хотя ничего сложного, на первый взгляд, в этом нет, выбор кошелька сопряжен с немалым количеством нюансов. Сколько у вас биткоинов? Как часто вы планируете их тратить? Вы уверены, что ваши ключи в большей безопасности, чем в холодном кастодиальном хранилище? Ответы на эти вопросы помогут найти правильное решение именно для вас.Биткоин является активом на предъявителя, а это значит, что вы можете хранить ключи от своих биткоинов самостоятельно. Когда вы храни…

Хэл Финни — история жизниПеревод эссе о Хэле Финни, подготовленного компанией криоконсервации Alcor, подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Это — новый взгляд на его личную жизнь, идеалы и вечный оптимизм даже перед лицом необратимой смерти.Хотя Хэл широко известен своими новаторскими профессиональными достижениями в киберпространстве и технических кругах, его повседневная жизнь рисует гораздо более детальную картину о его яркой личности. Он был преданным мужем, отцом и неравнодушным человеком с большим жизненным опытом, достигнувшим многого.Южная Калифорния, корниГарольд Томас Финни родился весной 1956 г. в маленьком городке Коалинга, штат Калифорния. Отец Хэла долгое время был сотрудником Union Oi…

Перевод статьи What is Multisig подготовлен биткоинером Tony ₿Самостоятельное хранение или доверие третьей стороне?Благодаря Биткоину у частных лиц и бизнесов теперь появилась возможность взять на себя важную ответственность: возможность в одностороннем порядке контролировать свои собственные средства. Истинное владение биткоинами подразумевает управление своими приватными ключами. Именно приватные ключи являются инструментами, необходимыми для авторизации перевода средств. Ничего, кроме хранения приватных ключей, нельзя считать контролем над собственными средствами. В противном случае деньги контролируются третьей стороной, что, как правило, делает сам факт обладания биткоинами бессмысленн…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Улицы немного оживились, бизнесы и производства постепенно готовятся к возобновлению былых темпов. На горизонте появилась надежда. Может, правительства и центральные банки и правда знают, что делают? А все эти горе-экономисты, самоучки со своими устрашающими прогнозами просто злятся, что им не нашлось места в кабинете министров? Может и так, но прежде, чем строить “Наполеоновские планы”, удели 10 минут прочтению этой статьи. Обещаю, что если ты не найдешь ее полезной, я больше не бу…

Модификация фото Пауло КарролоСегодня предлагаю заглянуть в будущее и обратить внимание на то, насколько редким является биткоин. С каждой эпохой производство биткоинов будет замедляться все сильнее, а борьба за монеты лишь ужесточится. Статья, подготовленная @mtc, предлагает взглянуть на динамику появления биткоинов самым что ни на есть глобальным образом.— Tony ₿Взгляд на динамику появления биткоиновЛишь несколько дней назад на майнинг одного биткоина уходило около 48 секунд. Эти вычисления основаны на времени, затрачиваемом на производство полного блока, равного приблизительно 10-и минутам при вознаграждении за блок в 12,5 BTC. 11 мая 2020 года вознаграждение за блок уменьшилось вдвое до…

Я подготовил квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг”. Квиз, как вы уже поняли, посвящен истории эволюции денег и роли Биткоина в современной экономической похлебке.Пройди этот квиз чтобы оценить собственные знания монетарной истории и Биткоина. Поделись им с друзьями, и, надеюсь, что он поможет вам узнать что-то новое и интересное о деньгах, Биктоине и том, как все это работает. Подробные ответы на все вопросы квиза можно найти на сайте BITCOIN TRANSLATED , и нашем телеграм каналеУчись вместе с нами, чтобы стать на шаг ближе к собственному финансовому суверенитету.Квиз “Краткая история денег от пещерных людей до сети лайтнинг” was originally published in BITCOIN TRAN…

Это — очередная статья в рамках серии “Макро”, запущенной совместно с проектом Incrypted, где мы делимся наблюдениями за экономическими реалиями и предлагаем собственный вариант ответа на вопрос “Почему Биткоин?”Четвертого мая новостное агентство CNBC опубликовало статью, заголовок которой попросту не мог не привлечь внимания ни одного здравомыслящего экономиста. При этом, очередные три ТРИЛЛИОНА долларов уже не кажутся чем-то необычным в соответствии со всеми программами количественного смягчения, повышениями экономических стимулов, выкупами долгов крупнейших корпораций и “вертолетными деньгами”. А что касается подобных заголовков, то они становятся ни чем иным, как очередной историей, вря…

Перевод эссе Фила Бонелло “The Sovereign Individual” Investment Thesis от 12 ноября 2019 г. переведен биткоинером Tony ₿Информационные технологии влияют на глобальную динамику распространения власти несколькими ключевыми способами:Мгновенное распространение информации снижает коммерческие и юрисдикционные барьеры как для ее получения, так и для передачи. Это способствует росту конкуренции благодаря стимулированию предпринимательства на глобальном уровне.Создание неправительственных цифровых денег уменьшает влияние инфляции и налогообложения. Финансовые сервисы также получают возможность упрощенного выхода на глобальную арену.Шифрование снижает стоимость обеспечения безопасности. Вместе с те…

Особая благодарность Роберту Бридлаву за этот феноменальный твит-шторм.“Я уверен, что мы, как Биткоин-амбассадоры должны говорить на общем языке и избегать эзотерики, чтобы наше послание могло с легкостью проникнуть в ум каждого. Я немного расскажу о Биткоин-вселенной и криптовалютынх активах, орудуя экзотерическими терминами.”Биткоин ~ интернет, альткоины ~ венчурные инвестицииПри взгляде на вселенную криптовалютынх активов, вырисовывается два основных полушария: 1) Биткоин и 2) все остальное, что обычно называют альтернативными криптоактивами, альткоинами или альтами.Биткоин во многом похож на сам интернет, состоящий из стека протоколов с открытым исходным кодом, называемого набором интер…

Перевод оригинальной статьи Bitcoin Stock-to-Flow Cross Asset Model, опубликованной ученым — экономистом PlanB переведен биткоинером Tony ₿“В науке важно не столько получение новых фактов, сколько открытие новых способов мышления” — Уильям Лоуренс БрэггВведениеМодель Stock-to-Flow (S2F) биткоина (BTC) была опубликована количественным аналитиком под псевдонимом PlanB в марте 2019 года.Исходная модель BTC S2F представляет собой формулу, основанную на ежемесячных данных S2F и ценах на актив. Поскольку частные значения индексируются во временном порядке, эта модель является моделью временного ряда. Данная модель вызвала интерес количественных аналитиков по всему миру, и многие подтвердили эффек…

You’ll probably get lost from time to time, but if I'm doing my job, you’ll still get the gist of it.

You'll notice this course is completely free, and there's a specific reason why I want it to be free.

Those are just APIs, specifications, and libraries—so long as you understand the core ideas behind how they work, you'll be able to figure out the details on your own.

Each lesson will have self-serve assignments tied to the course, both coding assignments and multiple choice questions to test your comprehension.

The term project will be to create your own fully-fledged cryptocurrency.

By analogy, we are currently experiencing a Cambrian Explosion in the field of cryptographic proofs of computational integrity (CI), a subset of which include zero knowledge proofs.

The purpose of this post is to identify the common denominators of all CI systems implemented in code and discuss a few differentiating factors.

Takeaway: symmetric CI systems can arithmetize over any field, leading to greater efficiency.

¹ The term ZKP is often misused to refer to all CI systems, even ones that are not, formally, ZKPs.

To avoid this confusion we use the loosely defined terms of “crypto proofs” and “computational integrity (CI) proofs”.

In addition to scalability, I think we’ll also see privacy integrated into one of the dominant chains in the 2020s.

These crypto startups will have the challenge that all startups have: making something people want.

In the 2020’s, I think we will see cryptocurrency adoption in emerging markets scale to hundreds of millions of users, with at least one country “tipping” so that the majority of transactions in their economy happen in cryptocurrency.

During the 2020’s I think we’ll see the cryptocurrency market structure evolve to more closely resemble the traditional financial world, with these functions being separated out from a legal and regulatory point of view.

By shifting cryptocurrency …

As such, it will become widely recognized as the flag of technology over the course of the 2020s.

To understand this claim, we need to define what "technology" is, what a "flag" would mean in this context, and why Bitcoin would be chosen as that flag.

Bitcoin: an ideological flag and a Schelling pointRecall that not every flag represents a geographical entity.

Bitcoin also becomes a flag in another sense: a rallying point, a Schelling point for an entrepreneurial community.

Bitcoin encodes the values of TechnologyBut when the global tech community rallies around the flag of Bitcoin, what exactly is it getting behind?

Bitcoin is a system that automates the continual discovery of consensus amongst its participants.

Bitcoin seeks to address the root problem with conventional currency: all the trust that’s required to make it work .

There are, unfortunately, many known threats to the privacy of Bitcoin users and as a result, Bitcoin in its current state is far from perfectly fungible.

ConvergenceAny two Bitcoin clients, if they connect to a single honest peer, should eventually converge on the same chain tip.

As an example, Bitcoin ABC broke this principle by instituting a 10 block maximum chain reorganization rule.

And that principle is this: when building mechanisms that decide high-stakes outcomes, it’s very important for those mechanisms to be credibly neutral.

Note that it is not just neutrality that is required here, it is credible neutrality.

Hence, the principle of credible neutrality, must also be augmented with another idea, the principle of efficacy.

Sometimes, this even means that if a credibly neutral mechanism to solve some problem has not yet been found, an imperfectly neutral mechanism should be adopted in the short term.

Credibly neutral mechanisms for solving many kinds of problems do exist in theory, and need to be developed and improved in practice.

States cannot be trusted with absolute power, and power over money is their best weapon in controlling people and spreading misery.

And when we get going about sound money, and the idea that fiat money = misery, therefore cryptocurrencies = freedom and happiness, it just sounds insane to them.

We are not interested in it.”It took smart people years to understand the power of the Internet, and it will take smart people years to understand the power of crypto currencies.

Or any of thousands of other experiments being conducted by smart people trying to do their own thing.

Like the Internet, crypto currencies and other blockchain experiments can be used for good or evil.

In this beginner’s guide to decentralized finance (“DeFi”) we review the following:Stablecoins.

Decentralized lending.

And these smart contract lego pieces can even create completely new concepts that haven’t been explored in the traditional world.

Another potential issue is that the interest rate volatility on many DeFi platforms could make it impractical for someone to participate.

With that said, these hedging methods themselves are in their infancy, and add smart contract risk of their own.

Meanwhile, from the perspective of crypto outsiders (including many people, banks, and governments), anything concerning crypto is scary—no one controls it!—and decidedly not pragmatic.

First, we offered secure and simple crypto storage, which amounted to centrally storing decentralized currency.

Second, we allowed people to purchase Bitcoin and Ether, which meant buying crypto with fiat currency.

And you definitely created more crypto users overall by providing storage capabilities than by offloading that to the user.

Indeed, some advanced crypto users were quick to point out that self-custody is “simple” to do.

The solution then was an encrypted web-browsing protocol for the public internet called HTTPS.

We've developed a conceptually similar solution today for encrypted transactions on a public blockchain, called Zcash.

In a fully shielded Zcash transaction, the timestamp is public, but no information about sender, receiver, or amount is public.

Like HTTPS, fully shielded Zcash transactions prevent eavesdropping and protect financial privacy.

Just as HTTPS became standard on the public internet to protect credit card transactions, we believe strong encryption will in time become standard on public blockchains to protect cryptocurrency transactions.

It's now time to apply those abstractions to Bitcoin's own P2P network.

At a high level, almost all cryptocurrencies inherit the same P2P network design from Bitcoin.

This bootstrap node is your entrance point into the P2P network, from which point you can then organically find new peers.

You also should understand why Satoshi chose to design the Bitcoin network with a P2P architecture.

Additional ReadingBitcoin Core 0.11: P2P Network, a Bitcoin Wiki walkthrough of Bitcoin Core's P2P networking stack (2018)Anonymity Properties of the Bitcoin P2P Network, showing how passive observers can use statistical techniques to deanonymize Bitcoin transactions by monitoring P2P traffic, by Giulia Fant…

Gnutella is a great entrance point into gossip because it's one of the simplest gossip protocols that was used in production.

A minimum spanning tree is the smallest possible such tree—in other words, a spanning tree that is built with the minimum number of edges (or minimal total edge weights).

A minimum spanning tree gives us maximally efficient routing, especially if the spanning tree is constructed in consideration of the underlying network topology.

Enter the gossip protocolIf we want the scalability of a spanning tree without the brittleness, we want to use gossip.

So with a little bit of gossip theory under our belts, let's look at how Gnutella works beneath the hood.

A P2P network is a distributed model of networking, in which there is no central server.

A brief review of the history of P2P protocols will make clear why Satoshi valued these features in Bitcoin.

P2P protocols were the first distributed systems that reached massive scale in the number of computers (besides the Internet itself, that is).

This means any P2P network must be carefully engineered so that even in the presence of malicious users, the network cannot be subverted.

Despite these tradeoffs, it was clear to Satoshi Nakamoto that the properties of P2P networks were necessary for a decentralized currency.

EncryptionTo understand public-key cryptography, we have to start with what we mean by encryption.

Public keys as identityIn public-key cryptography, a crude but useful analogy is to think of your public key like a username.

This is precisely what makes public-key cryptography feasible as a form of identity.

If those assumptions turn out to be false, it would imply that all of our public-key cryptography were fundamentally broken.

Most of your interactions with public-key cryptography you'll be outsourcing to libraries, so there's no need to get deep in the weeds quite yet.

Okay, so how difficult is it to generate a hashcash PoW with a difficulty level of \(N\) bits?

The first is limiting each hashcash token to a specific email address, so they're not reusable for different recipients.

You can see some Hashcash tokens Adam Back generated on the Hashcash website, such as this one:from hashlib import sha1 sha1(b"0:030626:adam@cypherspace.org:6470e06d773e05a8").hexdigest() # '00000000c70db7389f241b8f441fcf068aead3f0'This hashcash digest has 8 leading zeros in hex, equivalent to 32 leading zeros in binary.

To mitigate this, Hashcash requires the email server to remember any Hashcash tokens received in the last day.

The assignment has two parts: first, you'll be wr…

Just like all software, smart contracts on the blockchain are subject to serious security vulnerabilities and coding errors.

Bugs and vulnerabilities in the source code, and errors in the virtual machines used by the network, are the main reasons behind security issues in smart contracts.

New bugs, security risks, and best practices will continue to emerge over time.

Trail of Bits is a software security firm who advise in a range of industries for some top companies, including in the blockchain space.

Dan Guido, the CEO and Co-founder, explains all things software security in a really detailed and technical, yet easy to digest way.

Nexus Mutual provides an alternative decentralized insurance solution for Ethereum.

The protocol is built on the public chain and operates under a discretionary mutual structure meaning it is owned wholly by its members.

When Nexus Mutual is alerted to a claim, members will also be asked to vote on whether to pay out on that claim or not.

Hugh Karp, CEO and Founder of Nexus Mutual, has combined his insurance industry knowledge with his passion for decentralized technology to build this platform which is replacing the traditional insurance setup.

They are currently looking into expanding to offer more insurance products and we are excited to see where they go next.

Opyn is a smart contract-based insurance platform built on a generalized (supports both put and call) options protocol called Convexity.

If you buy Opyn protection, you are buying “the right but not the obligation to sell an asset at a pre-specified price”.

Currently, you can buy insurance for DAI, ETH, and USDC deposits on Compound and it is completely noncustodial and trustless.

Zubin Koticha, CEO & Co-founder of Opyn, is currently working on V2 of the platform with his team.

This is a much-needed generalizable insurance solution against some attacks/ vulnerabilities within the DeFi ecosystem and it will be very interesting to see how their contribution to DeFi progresses.

In late 2017, Gabriel Jimenez was approached by the Venezuelan presidency and asked to create a national digital currency, the Petro. Although very much against the regime, Gabriel saw this as a chance to save his country which was on the brink of economic collapse. A new currency that would move freely over an open network, like Bitcoin. And the government would not be able to control it. So he agreed. Things didn’t go as Gabriel had envisioned. Months later, Gabriel almost paid with his life when he was held at gunpoint by military guards in the President’s palace. He was accused of being a traitor to the government and was forced to hand over the project, which still hasn’t taken off. La…

We've heard it over and over again, Covid-19 has plunged us into a crisis like none other we’ve experienced in our lifetime. Although it is primarily a public health issue, it is also having a major impact on the global economy and financial system. Many businesses have been forced to shut down sparking debates on whether this is supply or demand shock. Wall Street proclaims that any increase in economic activity is a good sign. However, Jim Bianco, President and Macro Strategist at Bianco Research, says a return to 90% of pre-crisis level will still not be enough to recover. Bianco Research is a Chicago-based firm that provides research and analysis for institutional finance. Jim started t…

In this inaugural post-interview chat, Friederike and Sebastien discuss their recent interview with Arweave Co-founder and CEO, Sam Williams.Moving forward, these conversations will be released every week on Substack. Subscribe to never miss an episode at https://epicenter.rocks/substack

The internet was originally created as a platform to communicate freely, but it soon became a place where people could be monitored, controlled, and censored. 98% of content on the internet is deleted every 20 years. More surprisingly, based on a Twitter study, a third of links change their content fundamentally or are removed completely, within three months of their creation. Arweave is a new data storage protocol that enables economically sustainable permanence for the very first time. Built on a blockchain-like structure called the blockweave, one of the applications on Arweave is what they have coined “the permaweb”. This is an array of data, websites, and decentralised applications, to…

Today, half of the internet is built on top of Amazon S3. Although the cloud has allowed Internet applications to scale, centralized infrastructure means less control over one's own data. And when it goes down, so does half of the internet.Sia CEO David Vorick is back on the podcast to talk about a new product recently released by their team: Skynet. Skynet builds on Sia and enables web applications to be developed and deployed over a decentralized data storage infrastructure. David also shares his thoughts on Trusted Setups, why he thinks they're "busted," and how the crypto industry can create better and more secure Zero-Knowledge primitives.Topics covered in this episode:- What is Skynet…

Decentralized exchanges have been around for some time, and various designs have been attempted. Although they provide a number of privacy and censorship resistance benefits, one of their pitfalls has been transaction throughput. However, recent advancements in Zero-Knowledge Proof-based scaling solutions is creating a new breed of scalable DEXes.Loopring is a non-custodial DEX protocol that achieves high-throughput trading. It leverages ZK-Rollups to achieve upwards of 2,000 transactions per second with on-chain settlement. As an order book-based exchange, it sets itself apart from other DEXes like Uniswap and the Gnosis Protocol. However, users should keep in mind that the orderbook is ce…

Julian Assange, the creator of WikiLeaks, is currently in a maximum-security prison in London facing extradition to the US for violating the Espionage Act. This charge came, among other things, from exposing US war crimes in Iraq. This has put journalists around the world under fear of being prosecuted for exposing the truth. Opinions on Julian Assange are divided, unsurprisingly. But we can assume that a conviction would set a dangerous precedent for journalism, free press, and freedom of speech. John Shipton, Julian's father, is seeking support from the crypto community to help fund Julian's legal defense. Harry Halpin, CEO of Nym Technologies and friend of Julian's, teams up with John to…

Genesis Mining is a leading hash power provider offering cloud cryptocurrency mining as a service. They offer mining for Bitcoin, Zcash, Dash, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Monero and serve over 2 million users in 100+ countries. The company was formed in 2013 and saw tremendous growth in its seven years in operation. In the mining business, process optimization, controlling costs, and vertical integration are key. Crypto prices, difficulty adjustments, hardware availability – all can have an impact on profits. Co-founder & CEO Marco Streng shares how he built his company from the ground up, and is now expanding beyond crypto to address other profitable markets in cloud computing.Topics covered i…

Aave is building a suite of non-custodial DeFi tools that allow users to earn interest on their deposits and borrow assets. Earlier this year, Aave released its Flash Loans feature, which is drumming up a lot of excitement in the ecosystem. Flash Loans have a number of applications like executing liquidations or refinancing and require no collateral on the part of the borrower. As we have seen since they were introduced, they have also been used by malicious actors to exploit vulnerabilities in some DeFi protocols. Nevertheless, this powerful tool is an important “money lego” component that enables various new use cases. Stani Kulechov, Aave Founder & CEO, and Marc Zeller, Integrations Lead…

The Plasma Group was a not for profit research group focussing on layer-2 scaling on Ethereum. Optimism is a new Public Benefit Corporation that builds on the lessons of the Plasma research and is implementing Optimistic Rollups. This solution scales Eth 1.x and offers near-instant transaction finality on Ethereum, while providing over 100x transaction throughput. Jinglan Wang and Karl Floersch, co-founders of Optimism, explain the transition to this new entity and its goals moving forward.Topics covered in this episode:Jinglan and Karl's backgrounds and how they came to work togetherHow the Plasma Group and all of the Plasma research evolved into OptimismFunding of Optimism through Gitcoin…

AZTEC Protocol is a protocol that enables private transactions on Ethereum. At its core, AZTEC is an Ethereum contract, otherwise known as the AZTEC Cryptography Engine. The protocol uses a zero-knowledge proof system, allowing users to effectively create shielded representations of tokens, which can then be sent and redeemed for the underlying token. CEO and CTO, Tom Pocock and Zac Williamson have plans to build AZTEC into a fully functional DeFi stack with which all kinds of trades, swaps, and financial operations will be possible, with privacy.Topics covered in this episode:How Tom and Zac met and founded AZTEC ProtocolWhat AZTEC is and what problem is solvesHow AZTEC enabled transaction…

There's nothing more political than money because money affects everything else, and yet Bitcoin works.

What’s the value in the US and western Europe compared to the value in less developed parts of the world?

Does being part of the bitcoin community make you politically affiliated, or represent a distinct political viewpoint?

What I like about Bitcoin is it's a way to be a part of neither game.

So it's a failure on two sides at the same time..." - Jonathan MohanCreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Adam B. Levine and Jonathan Mohan.

Click to download audio versionOn today’s episode of Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

According to Richard, Bitcoin’s Lightning is a what’s needed to make mobile mesh networks catch on by bootstrapping on top of the payment routing infrastructure.

“…the Lightning network currently sends payments from A to B to C and then all those intermediate nodes can connect a small fee if the payment is delivered at the end.

All we’re doing is saying ‘Not only [can you send] a payment, but [you can send] a small message.

Lot49 is custom communication protocol that’s optimized for mesh.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

That luxury is pretty concentrated in just a few places in the world and at some point you can't afford that luxury of apathy.

- Andreas M. Antonopoulos, LTB!

#437CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Music provided by Jared Rubens, FromEther and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Inspired by a recent article in the Atlantic, in today's wide-ranging discussion the hosts of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

If Let’s Talk Bitcoin!

Government surveillance vs. private surveillance provided to the governmentWhat we learned from Edward SnowdenDoes China commercialize surveillance?

Censorship as controlling access to the publishing of information vs. controlling what is amplified vs. how much reach it has.

CreditsThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin features Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Adam B. Levine.

Click to download audio versionAlthough some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Although some believe bitcoin mining is a wasteful activity, on today's show we dig into the relative world of constant fuel production, lumpy demand and bitcoin based load balancing.

Click to download audio versionOn today's show we've got a pair of interviews for you.

First we speak with John Cantrell, the author of Juggernaut, a new messaging layer 3 application being built on top of layer 2 lightning network, which is itself built on top of layer one bitcoin.

It's a lot of layers, but as a technological concept currently in beta it's a fascinating project, and we talk about it.

(Juggernaut on Github)After the break we're joined again by Alex Gladstein of HRF.org for a discussion on political expediency in the age of pandemic and what crisis has revealed about various governments, and different types of governments around the world.

- Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Of…

Click to download audio versionIn Today's discussion we'll briefly talk about some of the knock-on, or second order affects which the coronavirus disruption is having on our world today, and which may continue into the future.

Then for the meat of the show we'll dig into specific areas where bitcoin could, or perhaps is being improved with the creator of one of the most impactful peer to peer technologies in the world today.

The end of “Bus Mode” for Lyft and UberAutonomous vehicles, grocery deliveries and the last mile problemTampons, cocktail sausages and a very weird monthThis episode is sponsored by eToroA friendly government delivery service?

Is it viable to farm with AWS?

Today's show…

Click to download audio versionIn the aftermath of the so-called "Black Thursday" crash from several weeks ago, MakerDAO's "DAI" ethereum backed dollar pegged stablecoin came untethered and was, for a time at least, functionally insolvent.

In the aftermath, holders of the MKR token which allows holders to participate in governance decisions opted to do a couple of things, including adding the centralized stablecoin USDC to the list of acceptable collateral, which drew both condemnations mostly around centralized risk being added to the system and praise for making the system more robust against sudden ETH collateral price crashes.

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin we're discussing the coming bailout-everything regime in a topic that's both extremely timely but is also what originally forced many long-term bitcoin enthusiasts to learn about money and become interested in cryptocurrency originally.

And more...Today's episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

featured Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine.

This episode was sponsored by eToro.com and featured music by Jared Rubens and Adam B. Levine, with editing by Jonas.

Photo by Tim Foster on UnsplashViews: 3,119

Click to download audio versionOn today's episode we're joined by early investor and entrepreneur David Johnston to discuss:A new "consensus based" alternative to "reserve based", "game theory based", or trusted oracle based StablecoinsThe growing relevance of DeFi even for those who aren't using itJohnston's Law six years later, how far we've come and real reasons for optimism on the decentralized evolution of everything.

Click to download audio versionEarlier this week the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Show gathered to discuss Coronavirus and its potential impacts or disruptions to the decentralized world of bitcoin.

On today's podcast we discuss Coronavirus and:

Credits for LTB#428This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode featured Stephanie Murphy, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Jonathan Mohan and Adam B. Levine for a hot minute.

Today's episode was produced by Adam B. Levine, edited by Jonas with music provided by Jared Rubens, From Ether Music and general fuzz.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]

Click to download audio versionOn Today's Show...With the price of bitcoin headed up again, the idea of blockchains and digital currencies has never been more palatable to the mainstream.

Episode Credits:This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Music for today's episode was provided by Jared Rubens and Gurty Beats, with editing by Jonas.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected]Have any questions or comments?

Earlier this week, the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Link - Yang 2020Later on, we'll dig into the "why" of scams as we begin a longer conversation on the topic.

Would you like to Sponsor a future episode of the Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Email [email protected] Have any questions or comments?

Just kidding… He shares his thoughts on the recently released Libra whitepaper, as part of a permissioned blockchain project spearheaded by Facebook.

This episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

This talk took place on June 19th 2019 at the Scottish Blockchain Meetup in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Original Photo by Anna Tukhfatullina Food Photographer/Stylist on UnsplashThis episode of Let's Talk Bitcoin!

Want to hear more of Andreas’s Live talks?

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 24: Open Blockchain Development CultureAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In this talk, Andreas discusses open blockchain development culture.

Is there a right way to build open blockchain software?

This talk was delivered on December 12th, 2019 for the La Bit Conf Latin American Bitcoin and Blockchain conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.

If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopThis series is called ‘…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 23: One Network, Many ChainsAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “One Network, Many Chains,” Andreas explores why he believes we are headed towards one internet of money, interoperability between many chains satisfying different objectives.

He also discusses cycles of infrastructure and application growth, the value of scarce attention, standardization, and how scaling never ends.

This talk was delivered on October 23rd 2019 for the Blockstack Summit at SFJAZZ Center in San Francisco, California.

This series is c…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 22: Unstoppable Code – The Difference Between Can’t and Won’tAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Unstoppable Code: The Difference Between Can’t and Won’t,” Andreas argues that what is interesting about both Bitcoin and Ethereum is unstoppable code.

Cryptography and decentralized systems are defensive mechanisms to assert and enforce our human rights.

What is the unstoppable code worth running?

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 21: Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis BlockadeAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin’s Origins and the Genesis Blockade,” Andreas recounts the origins of Bitcoin and the meaning of the message that was embedded forever in its genesis block.

Now he focuses on the financial blockade against WikiLeaks and who the banks truly serve, while trying to leave us none the wiser and with no other choices.

This talk took place on August 6th 2018 at ‘The Internet of Money Tour’ at the Hilton Denver Inverness in Colorad…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 20: Investing in Education Instead of SpeculationAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Investing in Education Instead of Speculation,” Andreas explains how education and training in the Bitcoin and open blockchain space can enrich your life in a sustainable way.

Unlike speculating on a basket of crypto-assets and tokens, investing in skills is permanent, transferable across chains, and empowering.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Monthly…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 19: Bubble Boy and the Sewer RatAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bubble Boy and the Sewer Rat,”Andreas delivers a whimsical security analysis of the open, public and decentralized Bitcoin system, compared to the closed, proprietary and centralized alternatives.

He argues that the strategy of security by isolation has consequences for the ability of any computer system to build immunity.

While it may not be pretty, being constantly exposed and attacked in the wild open internet will help Bitcoin achieve censo…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 18: Bitcoin and the Banks – Five Stages of GriefAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin and the Banks: Five Stages of Grief,”Andreas examines the rise of “Blockchain” as an attempt by the banking status quo to dilute the disruptive potential of Bitcoin by removing its most interesting features.

He argues that this is one symptom of a multi-stage grief process that banks will inevitably transition through as they try to come to terms with Bitcoin and the new open blockchain ecosystem.

This talk was delivered…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 17: Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer ProtectionAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin, Payment Security, and Consumer Protection,” Andreas advocates that regulators adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ approach towards Bitcoin, so as to not hamper the potential of its most innovative features.

He also criticises the insanity of the current fragmented systems of payment, breaks down why they fail at consumer protection, and how with Bitcoin we can expect better.

This talk was delivered on November 24th 2014 at the…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 16: One of a Kind – Why Bitcoin is ‘The Next Bitcoin’Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

He also tells the story about how he bought bitcoin for the first time, why it is not the get-rich-quick scheme you may think it is, and the ways they could fail.

This talk took place on July 12th 2019 at the Athens Bitcoin and Blockchain Tech meetup in Athens, Greece.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonopBOOKS:MASTERING BITCOIN, 2nd Edition: https://amzn.to/2xcdsY…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 15: Outside the Golden Cage of BankingAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Outside the Golden Cage of Banking,” Andreas covers the history of financial regulation in the United States, and how banks became the cop of last resort in countries around the world.

In the last episode, he prompted you to think about combating the politics of fear.

Finally, he argues that Bitcoin will thrive outside the golden cage of the banking cartel.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are perform…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 14: Bitcoin – A Swiss Bank In Everyone’s PocketAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Bitcoin: A Swiss Bank in Everyone’s Pocket,” Andreas examines the morality of technology and the politics of fear, including former President Barack Obama’s infamous statement that broad adoption of cryptography and cryptocurrencies would be like having “a Swiss bank account your pocket.” In the last episode, he questioned the viability of Facebook’s Libra project.

Once we equip more people around the world with the equivalent of…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 13: Libre Not Libra – Facebook’s Blockchain ProjectAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Libre Not Libra: Facebook’s Blockchain Project,” Andreas answers the burning question… Has he tried haggis?

Just kidding… He shares his thoughts on the recently released Libra whitepaper, as part of a permissioned blockchain project spearheaded by Facebook.

Now he makes us wonder whether Libra will even survive to become a production network.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed…

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 12: The Killer App – Bananas on the Blockchain?

Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “The Killer App: Bananas on the Blockchain?” Andreas focuses on the two main killer apps in the open blockchain ecosystem: sound money and governance.

He argues that their failure to consider the broader needs of the other six billion people.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

UN SCRYPTEDEpisode 11: Universal Access to Basic FinanceAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and one of the world’s foremost bitcoin and open blockchain experts.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonopWebsite: https://aantonop.com/In “Universal Access to Basic Finance,” Andreas advocates for protecting and expanding access to universal basic finance.

He also declares that those who develop surveillance infrastructure have exhibited moral bankruptcy and should face a period of scrutiny over their ethical integrity.

This series is called ‘Unscrypted’ for a reason: all of Andreas’ talks are performed without slides or notes.

iTUNES: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/un…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

Jimmy Song (Bitcoin educator, entrepreneur and developer) and Alex Gladstein (CSO of Human Rights Foundation) join me in this episode to talk about their fantastic new book, The Little Bitcoin Book.

This is the perfect short book to give your precoiner friends!

It has succinct explanations on why bitcoin is important.

Listen to this episode to learn more about how this book came together, what the authors are hoping to achieve, and if you like it - then make sure you buy copies of the book to give to your friends and family.

Links: The Little Bitcoin Book website: http://littlebitcoinbook.com/ The Little Bitcoin Book on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com.au/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances-…

This episode is the first in a series, Why Bitcoin Now, that takes a deeper dive into Bitcoin and the history of money in the macroeconomic environment of the coronavirus.[...]

The post Why Bitcoin Now: Mike Novogratz and Raoul Pal on ‘the Single Greatest Brand’ of the Last 10 Years appeared first on Unchained Podcast.

Chamath Palihapitiya, the CEO of Social Capital and chairman of Virgin Galactic, talks about a wide range of issues, including Bitcoin, COVID, civil unrest, and broad economic trends and forecasts.

We discuss:Whether his economic forecasts have shifted throughout COVIDWhy he believes a debt crisis will occurHow he views the success of BTC as a hedge against the ruling classHow the economic pendulum will swing back toward consumersWhy he doesn’t mind if big corporations and hedge funds get wiped outWhether he subscribes to the thesis that Bitcoin is uncorrelatedWhy the pandemic has not spurred institutional adoption of cryptoWhy he sees no merit in EthereumHow the economy will become more de…

At an event at the NYU Stern School of Business, Christopher Giancarlo, former CFTC Chairman and co-founder of the Digital Dollar Foundation, discusses his proposal for a US central bank digital currency (CBDC), and how that fits into the broader geopolitical environment.

Please take a moment to fill out the survey to let us know what you’d like from the show: surveymonkey.com/r/unchained2020.

Crypto.com has offered our survey respondents a chance to win a metal MCO Visa card — and Crypto.com will stake these cards indefinitely!

We have an opening for a remote editorial assistant — find out more about the gig and apply here: https://unchainedpodcast.com/seeking-remote-editorial-assistant/Th…

Robby Greenfield, the CEO of Emerging Impact and the former head of social impact and diversity programming at ConsenSys, talks about how the crypto community handles issues of diversity and inclusion.

Please take a moment to fill out the survey to let us know what you’d like from the show: surveymonkey.com/r/unchained2020.

Crypto.com has offered our survey respondents a chance to win a metal MCO Visa card — and Crypto.com will stake these cards indefinitely!

We have an opening for a remote editorial assistant — find out more about the gig and apply here: https://unchainedpodcast.com/seeking-remote-editorial-assistant/Thank you to our sponsors!

Crypto.com: https://crypto.comNexo: https://ne…

Warren Davidson:I think Hester Peirce and I are nearly 100% aligned in this space, so I think she would make an excellent SEC commissioner.

I think, a lot of…I mean near-uniform concern over excessive force used against people broadly, and of course most recently George Floyd.

“When you think Crypto, think Kelman.

Yeah, so I’m following that, and I think that’s a good way to accelerate what they’re trying to do.

We’re essentially trying the Sears Roebuck approach to retail and I don’t think that’s really smart.

I think there’s an important difference because you could build a compound-like product not using smart contracts.

So if the comp token holders says, hey, we can optimize this or calibrate in some way, that’s possible.

“When you think Crypto, think Kelman.

Robert Leshner:So I think there’s a lot of reasons why and it also comes down to the fact that every project is unique and different.

I don’t think there’s a one-size fits all solution because different projects need different governance mechanisms in different ways.

So our panel where we’ve got a number of founders of Layer One protocols, which I believe a year ago maybe we were calling them Ethereum killers but I don’t know if that’s the term nowadays.

If you don’t think that Ethereum is direct competitor of Bitcoin, obviously I think you don’t understand this area.

So you know, just from that one example I don’t know if I would say miners were the ones who decided.

I think there’s a lot of super interesting designs here in 2.0, but I feel like Ethereum gets all the credit of Ethereum 2.0 with none of the deployment.

Like Ethereum could pivot and decide, you know, there’s like a lot of things that we like about the newer technology stack, it’s close e…

So, after the halving, the supply of Bitcoin is actually going to be decreased.

It will work on both chains, and then, when you have it on a Binance chain, there’s a Binance decentralized exchange, the Binance DEX, that works out of the gate.

I think that’s really depending on how a person likes to view, that depends on their work view.

I think, again, I think that’s kind of a binary definition, you’re either a traditional company or you’re a OAw.

Well, that’s going to have to be where we’re going to end, because it’s now 8 a.m., and that’s it.

Amanda Fabiano, director of Bitcoin mining at the Fidelity Center for Applied Technology, and Christopher Bendiksen, head of research at CoinShares, discuss the third Bitcoin halving, which occurred hours before the publication of this episode.

Here to discuss are Amanda Fabiano, Director of Bitcoin Mining at the Fidelity Center for Applied Technology, and Christopher Bendiksen, Head of Research at CoinShares.

It’s a supply-based model and it looks at their relationship between the bitcoin price and essentially the supply bands.

Can you give us a background on what CoinShares does and why it regularly publishes these extensive bitcoin mining reports?

Laura Shin:And do you guys see other ins…

Taylor Monahan:It is really, really weird.

Dan Guido:So I think there’s never a point where it’s too early to engage with a security professional.

Hopefully, the audience here caught my Unconfirmed episode with Hasseb Qureshi on these incidents because it was actually really, really fun chatting with him and definitely it’s a crazy story so you should check that out.

You should respond to those really, really quickly and professionally.

If no, that’s a serious concern and that’s really the underlying most fundamental concern that I could have about the project.

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Tarun Chitra chat with Yan X Zhang, professor at SJSU, about math competitions, math education, how crypto is like alchemy and the Gasper paper - work Yan and his students collaborated on with the Ethereum Foundation.

“Gasper” is a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain.

Here are the 2 roles:1) zkPodcast Support: Work with Anna & Fredrik on our zk-related projects (excluding the zkValidator) on a part-time basis.

This would primarily involve coordinating podcast guest, scheduling and coordinating studyclub sessions, help organise events like the zkSummit, writing blog p…

About this EpisodeThis week, Anna and guest host Georgios Konstantopoulos chat with Anatoly Yakovenko from Solana network.

They learn about this system and discuss the innovations that allow them to achieve high performance without sharding.

For more on Solana check out their website - https://solana.com/We also mention this episode on VDF's with Joseph Bonneau.

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on the ZKPatreonOr directly here:ETH: 0xC0FFEE1B5083230a5154F55f253B6b6ae8F29B1aBTC: 1cafekG…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Matt Luongo, CEO of Thesis, founder of Keep Network, and project lead of tBTC.

We cover the need for BTC to ETH bridges, what the challenges are in building bridges with BTC, tBTC and how it is setup, what went down with the initial tBTC release - an event the team now refers to as "release candidate 0", and where we might be seeing tBTC go next.

Here are some useful links:Want to help support the show?

Link is here -->> https://gitcoin.co/grants/329/zero-knowledge-podcast-2If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6ASupport our Gitcoin GrantSupport us on…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna explores the state of trusted setups with 4 of the people who have recently coordinated and run trusted setups for different SNARK systems.

This episode covers the new generation of trusted setups and how the teams working on these are learning from each other and at times, even sharing parts of the trusted set up itself.

As a primer, Trusted Setups are those events or ceremonies that one needs to perform to generate the parameters that can kick off SNARK based systems.

Here are some helpful links about all the various trusted setups we mention:Zcash's Trusted Setupshttps://www.zeroknowledge.fm/50 - Zooko speaks about the trusted set up at time…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Mark Tyneway who is a contributor on the Handshake project - an experimental peer-to-peer root naming system.

We learn about this decentralised, foundation-free project, the issues of DNS, how Handshake plans on fixing this, how it differs from ENS, their unique airdrop process, what an Urkel Trie is, and more.

Here are a few useful links:Signup for zkMesh Newsletter - a monthly newsletter focused on sharing resources about decentralised privacy-preserving technologies, privacy protocol development and zero knowledge systems research.

Signup to get this delivered directly into your inbox -->> https://zkmesh.substack.com/If you like what we do:…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna and guest host Tarun Chitra chat with Akis Kattis, a PhD student at NYU & the co-author of Proof of Necessary Work: Succinct State Verification with Fairness Guarantees - a paper he co-wrote with Joseph Bonneau.

They discuss the challenge of Proof of Useful Work, the unique properties that SNARKs have, such as puzzle hardness, that allow for PoNW to overcome these challenges, PoS SNARK systems, elastic block construction, and more.

Here are a few of the articles we mention in the interview:Proof of Necessary Work: Succinct State Verification with Fairness GuaranteesStabilizing Congestion in Decentralized Record-KeepersCheck out the Zero Knowled…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna interviews three people from the Tezos community: Jacob Arluck (co-founders TQ ), Marc Beunardeau and Marco Stronati (both from Nomadic Labs).

They chat about the Tezos origin story, the development of the PoS system, the governance of Tezos, and how they are incorporating zk proofs - and specifically Sapling from Zcash - into their system.

Trail of Bits has partnered with Johns Hopkins University to supply vulnerability researchers with software that can produce ZK proofs of exploitability.

This is part of a larger effort funded by DARPA, called SIEVE, to push forward the state of the art in zero-knowledge proofs.

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Molly Mackinlay, Project Lead for the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) at Protocol Labs.

We talk about her journey to Protocol Labs, as well as take a deeper view into IPFS, LibP2P, Bitswap, Testground, the use cases and projects working with these tools, and the specific upgrades they have made with the recent 0.5 IPFS release.

We cover:the importance of distributed testing infra to facilitate enterprise adoptionhow UX and simple tooling plays into the developer upgrade paththe path to decentralisation and the importance of building bridges to the Web2 worldIn preparation for this ep, it might be useful to check out our episode last fall wit…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, Anna catches up with Kenny Paterson, Professor of Computer Science and Lead of Applied Cryptography Group at ETH Zurich.

The goal of the episode is to take a deeper look at DP-3T and privacy preserving contact tracing research in Europe generally.

They cover his work at ETH Zurich, discuss how the DP-3T project came to be, look at risks facing contact tracing protocols generally, and discuss why putting privacy and decentralisation at the heart of these types of protocol is so important.

A few of the topics we cover:If you like what we do:Follow us on Twitter - @zeroknowledgefmJoin us on TelegramGive us feedback!

https://forms.gle/iKMSrVtcAn6BByH6AS…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we go deep into Consensus Algorithms and HotStuff with Ittai Abraham from VMware Research.

We chat about the evolution of consensus algorithms, BFT, and how these early ideas have become the backbone of blockchain tech.

We cover PBFT, Tendermint and Ittai's research into SBFT, HotStuff, and the improvements he has been working on since HotStuff's incorporation into Facebook's Libra protocol.

The papers and references we mention:Some of Ittai's work:Ittai's group blog on cryptography and consensus: Decentralized Thoughts blogWe also mention:Thank you to this week's sponsor Matter Labs.

Matter Labs, the creator of the first zkRollup prototype, is also…

About this EpisodeIn this week's episode, we chat with Henry de Valence from the Zcash Foundation.

We discuss what makes for a strong crypto library, some of the work he has been doing at the ZF and he shares an update about the Zebra Zcash client.

We also learn about the TCN Coalition, a group he is working with that aims to build and evaluate privacy-preserving contact tracing protocols - an important tool in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic.

Echidna is one of the tools that the team at Trail of Bits uses the most in their smart contract audits - it has been used in almost 35% of their smart contract audits over the past two years.

For more about all these new features check out…

About this EpisodeIn this episode, Anna catches up with Claudia Diaz, professor at KU Leuven and the Chief Science Officer at Nym Technology to learn about mixnets, the history of privacy technology and how there may be some opportunities for new privacy tech to emerge in this post-pandemic world.

Here is the contact tracing project that Claudia highlights in the episode:Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity TracingAnalysis of DP3TA big thank you to this week's sponsor Aztec!

Aztec makes private transactions easy for developers via its Privacy SDK, which removes the complexities of ZK proofs and note management.

The team is now developing the ZK² Rollup, upgrade for this network, which …

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we chat with Flavio Bergamaschi from IBM research about Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE).

FHE allows for computation on encrypted data.

First developed in 2009 at IBM, this tech has long been the considered only theoretically possible.

However, as we learn in the interview, there have been strides made in the last few years and we are starting to see FHE technology being used in some real world applications.

In this interview, we discuss the origin of the technology, what it is, how it can be combined with other cryptographic techniques such as MPC and ZKPs, and applications for FHE technology being explored today.

About this EpisodeIn this episode, we catch up with Sean Bowe and Daira Hopwood from the Electric Coin Company to chat about Halo, a recursive proof composition that doesn't require a trusted setup.

We cover the efficiency techniques used in Halo such as "nested amortization", how the protocol was developed, what some of the key findings are, and how it fits in with the other recent SNARK-based protocols.

We touch on the following material:Sean Bowe on SNARKs, Trusted Setups & Elliptic Curve Cryptographyhttps://github.com/daira/tweedleHalo whitepaperEndomorphismLatest recursive SNARKitecture with Izaak Meckler from O(1)LabsExploring the Fractal transparent SNARK constructionIf you like what…

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

...и вообще везде, где вы слушаете что-то еще!

Проект сейчас развивается в русскоязычном комьюнити, у них есть группа в Telegram (@solanarus), в Вконтакте у них есть даже группа.

Всем, кому интересно, можете просто пройти ниже по ссылке, посмотреть про Wasabi или про Samourai, что это такое и как это работает.

Всё, это не ваши деньги, и там они, соответственно, уже могут и помешать, и сделать всё что угодно.

Мы, наверное, сейчас как следующей темой поговорим, что мы будем делать дальше, что у нас будет privacy pool.

С точки зрения Tornado на сегодняшний день мы не имеем какой-либо коммерческой заинтересованности, с точки зрения мы не ранаем релееров и мы не имеем никакого профита вообще с Tornado Cash.

Например, торговлю фьючерсами, то есть то, что сейчас называют DeFi, но ещё оно было централизованное.

То есть они тогда занимались больше маркетингом, то есть они вообще боялись что-то трогать.

То есть, есть люди, которые более успешно получают финансирование.

Поэтому у нас есть два уровня, то есть еще есть провайдеры, которые реально известны, которые отвечают за свои действия, то есть чистые Proof of Stake.

Мы есть в YouTube, мы есть в Twitter, подкаст есть на всех доступных подкаст-платформах, мы везде называемся «Базовый Блок» или Basicblockradio.

То есть, в принципе, надо обязательно контролить секрет обязательно во всех блокчейнах – и в Bitcoin, и в Ethereum, если мы рассматриваем своп биткоин-эфир.

То, что в первую очередь торгуется, то, что интересно пользователям другим, то есть такой у нас приоритет.

То есть там целый скрипт надо предъявить, то есть когда ты открываешь подпись.

Это немножко не то, это не свопы.

По поводу вопроса…Сергей Тихомиров: Что на что, какие валюты чаще всего меняют на какие?

Китайские майнеры давным-давно, в том числе, строят фермы и в Канаде, точно также они строят в Вашингтоне, в Штатах.

Я не знаю, Bitcoin Core разработчикам вообще интересен халвинг и его влияние, или все просто продолжается по-прежнему?

Можно было бы майнерам, которые захватили 51% на неделю, договориться что-то сделать, поменять… Ну, не на неделю, на день.

Вот у нас будет халвинг завтра, а следующий халвинг будет примерно еще через 4 года, скажем, в 2024 году.

Что думаешь, что изменится и что не изменится за 4 года?

И вот я начал с написания новостей и статей, потом разные другие штуки мы делали вместе, и вот сейчас делаем англоязычную версию.

И вот он был одним из пионеров и не бросил это, занимался этим достаточно долго и серьёзно, и это принесло плоды.

Константин Голубев: Я не знаю юридических всех моментов…Ник Штерингард: Я не уверен, вот я лично.

И какая разница, кто из нас поговорит, если у нас есть этот материал и мы можем его опубликовать и на русском, и на английском.

Я не знаю, я не прогнозирую ничего и не люблю прогнозировать.

Токен уже торгуется, проект поддерживает русскоязычное коммьюнити, отвечает на все вопросы на сайте, и в Телеграмме, и Вк Solanarus.

Проводится в MIT, MIT давно и активно участвует в биткоин-экосистеме и в блокчейн-экосистеме и, да, вот у нас, собственно, третий выпуск подряд, если с учетом бонуса.

Я это все собираю в скрипт, хэширую это в свою очередь и помещаю это на блокчейн.

Если я отправляю Ивану биткоины, факт того, что он их забирает, это одно и то же событие, что и я их отправляю.

И, насколько я понимаю, вот я на самом деле сейчас вот это объясняю и понимаю, что я не полностью убежден.

Разбираем еще три доклада с Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020: про конкуренцию между стейкингом и лендингом, про конец денег и гипербартер и про многоступенчатые атаки 51%.

Бонусный выпуск специально для патронов ББ:https://www.patreon.com/posts/36327490Поддержите подкаст и получите доступ к эксклюзивным материалам!

Ничего не нужно настраивать, просто подключаешь кошелек за 2 секунды, и все уже само работает и не перестает радовать.

Про то, как на это смотрят экономисты, про то, как на это смотрят исследователи, с точки зрения политической науки и governance.

И тут, мне кажется, флешбэки могут быть в 2017 год и в 2016 год, и так далее.

Это мы, в общем-то, знали и в выпуске 116 мы обсуждали это с ребятами из Zerion, с Вадимом и Алексеем.

Он сказал: «Ребят, до сих пор не формализованы контракты, суды и законы математическим языком не потому, что мы такие глупые и не смогли, и не было средств для этого, а потому что, кажется, что это не нужно и невозможно сделать».

Вот скажи, повлиял ли он как-то на то, как ты делал кошелёк, как ты подходил к этому?

То есть, ты не можешь долгое время работать за бесплатно, и то, что у тебя есть команда, которой нужно платить, у всех семья.

Что на что там можно поменять?

Виктор Радченко: Это обидно, потому что все вот болтают: «О, да, нужно делать и то, и другое», но никто не делает.

То есть, за VPN можешь оплачивать криптой уже, то есть это доступно.

Например, мы сделали расшифровки для последних выпусков: №116 – про «Чёрный четверг» в DeFi и №115 – про коронавирус и его влияние на экономику, и в том числе блокчейн.

И это всё прекрасным образом работает, и до сих пор, и всякие magnet-ссылки работают именно таким образом.

Понятно, что я не могу от этого напечатать больше блоков, но что я могу делать?

Это то, что касается блоков, то есть это такой некоторый набор данных, которым все должны обладать.

То есть, в BitTorrent это работает, это не очень приватно, но, видимо, это и не очень важно для данного юзкейса.

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Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Head over to the App Store or Google Play Store, download cash.app and start #stackingsats today.

Use the promo code: "stackingsats" to receive $5 and contribute $5 to OWLS Lacrosse you download the app.

If you need liquidity but don't want to sell your bitcoin, they offer easy access to loans using bitcoin as collateral.

Collateral is always stored on-chain in dedicated multisig addresses with the option for you to hold a key, and your bitcoin is never rehypotheticated.

Canadian freaks need to check out Bull Bitcoin (https://bullbitcoin.com/).

Bitcoin Core version 0.20.0 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this new major version release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

After frequent requests, this site is now reachable as a Tor hidden service through an onion address:http://6hasakffvppilxgehrswmffqurlcjjjhd76jgvaqmsg6ul25s7t3rzyd.onion/As well as adding another means of censorship resistance, a hidden service gives an alternative trust path that doesn’t rely on certificate authorities nor DNS infrastructure.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.1 is now available for download.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.19.0 is now available for download containing multiple improvements and bug fixes For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

Due to an issue that only came to light just after the rc process, the download is for 0.19.0.1 instead of 0.19.0.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Disclosure of the details of CVE-2017-18350, a fix for which was released on November 6th, 2017 in Bitcoin Core version 0.15.1.

The vulnerability was introduced in 60a87bce873 (SOCKS5 support) and first released in Bitcoin Core v0.7.0rc1 in 2012 Aug 27.

To be vulnerable, the node must be configured to use such a malicious proxy in the first place.

Upon a connection request from the node, the malicious proxy would respond with an acknowledgement of a different target domain name than the one requested.

To fix this vulnerability, the dummy buffer was changed to an explicitly unsigned data type, avoiding the conversion to/from a negative number.

Bitcoin Core version 0.18.1 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and other improvements.

For a complete list of changes in this maintenance release, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.18.0 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and minor improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.17.1 is now available for download containing several bug fixes and minor improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.17.0 is now available for download containing many new features as well as bug fixes and other improvements.

For a complete list of changes, please see the release notes.

This release is not vulnerable to the CVE-2018-17144 duplicate inputs bug.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Full disclosureCVE-2018-17144, a fix for which was released on September 18th in Bitcoin Core versions 0.16.3 and 0.17.0rc4, includes both a Denial of Service component and a critical inflation vulnerability.

Thus, in Bitcoin Core 0.14.X, any attempts to double-spend a transaction output within a single transaction inside of a block will result in an assertion failure and a crash, as was originally reported.

In Bitcoin Core 0.15, as a part of a larger redesign to simplify unspent transaction output tracking and correct a resource exhaustion attack the assertion was changed subtly.

Instead of asserting that the output being marked spent was previously unspent, it only asserts that it exists.…

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.3 is now available for download with a fix for a denial-of-service vulnerability introduced in Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and affecting all subsequent versions though to 0.16.2.

We highly recommend users of all affected versions immediately upgrade to 0.16.3.

Security issue CVE-2018-17144: it was discovered that older versions of Bitcoin Core will crash if they try to process a block containing a transaction that attempts to spend the same input twice.

This release eliminates the crash, allowing the software to quietly reject such invalid blocks.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.2 is now available for download.

The attack was considered unlikely given that much cheaper attacks of roughly equal effectiveness are well known.

Similarly, the getblock RPC also now returns extra information that can be used to defeat this attack even if the requested block has been pruned.

As before, you can call this RPC when you no longer want your wallet to re-broadcast an old unconfirmed transaction.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core version 0.16.1 is now available for download.

Fixing a bug that could’ve potentially caused miners to lose revenue if they produced two blocks in very rapid succession.

The presence of this opcode makes it difficult for nodes to estimate how much computational work will be required to validate a legacy signature script.

Because of that, it blocks the deployment of solutions to prevent attackers from creating blocks that require a long time to validate.

If have any questions, please stop by our IRC chatroom and we’ll do our best to help you.

We are pleased to announce the release of Bitcoin Core 0.16.0, the first version of Bitcoin Core to include default wallet support for segregated witness (segwit).

This means that downgrading after recovering from a backup that includes a segwit address will workNote that some RPCs do not yet support segwit addresses.

Note that this only applies to new wallets; wallets made with previous versions will not be upgraded to be HD.

Wallets directory configurationBitcoin Core now has more flexibility in where the wallets directory can be located.

Specifically: * A new field iswitness is True for P2WPKH and P2WSH addresses (“bc1…” addresses), but not for P2SH-wrapped segwit addresses (see be…

We are pleased to announce the release of Bitcoin Core 0.15.1.

Notable changesNetwork fork safety enhancementsA number of changes to the way Bitcoin Core deals with peer connections and invalid blocks have been made, as a safety precaution against blockchain forks and misbehaving peers.

This ensures that everything that descends from an invalid block is marked as such.

Miner block size limiting deprecatedThough blockmaxweight has been preferred for limiting the size of blocks returned by getblocktemplate since 0.13.0, blockmaxsize remained as an option for those who wished to limit their block size directly.

Further, the blockmaxsize option is now used only to calculate an implied blockmaxw…

Running Your Own Electrum ServerBy default, the Electrum wallet app connects to a random set of Electrum servers.

So if you’re using an Electrum wallet, we generally recommend that you run your own Electrum server and connect your wallet to that instead.

Less well known is the fact that Esplora comes bundled with an optimized Electrum server based on a separately-maintained fork of Electrs.

This week, we introduced P2P discovery as an optional feature to Esplora too, which makes Esplora the only other alternative for running an Electrum server designed for public wallet connections.

While the advanced setup may put off some personal server users, Esplora makes a great option for those loo…

The Liquid Network is enabling brand-new, more efficient ways of handling trust in financial transactions.

There are few better examples of this than SETTLENET, a non-custodial digital asset settlement platform launched today in Japan.

At launch, SETTLENET will support trading between Liquid Bitcoin (L-BTC) and Crypto Garage’s newly-launched JPY token, SETTLENET JPY (JPYS).

More Assets on the WayAt a technical level, SETTLENET can support the instant settlement of any assets issued on the Liquid Network.

If you are interested in issuing an asset on the Liquid Network, check out our technical documentation or contact our business team for more information.

Today we’re revealing the launch of the Liquid Ventures Initiative, along with a report on our first Liquid Demo Day completed at the end of last week, with Condensat Technologies, Pixelmatic, SettleBit, and Satoshi’s Games all presenting.

Liquid Ventures InitiativeThe Liquid Ventures Initiative was started to help grow the Liquid Network’s grassroots ecosystem, connecting promising Liquid projects with Bitcoin-focused investors that are interested in getting involved in the industry’s leading sidechain.

There are currently 15 VC and angel investors involved in the Liquid Ventures Initiative, including Nogle, Seven Seas VC, Blockchain Capital, Castle Island Ventures, DG Lab Fund, El…

With Blockstream Green Desktop, you can now create 2-of-3 multisig accounts, with an additional third key held offline for recovery.

Although the mobile app can’t yet be used to create a new 2-of-3 account, you can import your Blockstream Green desktop wallet on the mobile app so that any 2-of-3 accounts created on desktop will also appear on mobile, ready for use.

However, with the launch of Blockstream Green Desktop, it’s with a heavy heart that we will be retiring the classic GreenAddress desktop app over the coming weeks.

Any previously-created GreenAddress or Blockstream Green wallet can be restored to Blockstream Green Desktop using your 24-words mnemonic backup.

Get StartedYou ca…

Check out the Light Nite Explorer (based on Blockstream’s Esplora) to see their assets in action on the sidechain.

After receiving a Light Nite token outside of the game, a player can deposit the token in their Light Nite account to receive the associated skin for use with their character in-game.

A purchased copy of the Light Nite game is required to access the Light Nite store.

The Blockstream Store and Light Nite GiveawayAt Consensus: Distributed, we will be running a Liquid asset giveaway in collaboration with Light Nite, which will have both Blockstream Store vouchers and Light Nite tokens up for grabs.

1 Trezor Model T, 1 Ledger Nano S, 1 Blockstream Metal, 10 Blockstream hats, 15 B…

In addition to the Blockstream Satellite network update, we’re also announcing the much requested satellite kits will soon be available for pre-order at the Blockstream Store!

Satellite Kit Pre-OrdersTwo ready-to-go receiver kits and an optional antenna kit will be available soon for pre-order:Blockstream Satellite Basic Kit: A consumer-grade satellite receiver, ready to connect a Bitcoin node at home.

Existing Blockstream Satellite users should note that we will be disabling the 1.0 network on June 1st 2020.

Get Started with Blockstream Satellite 2.0New users should keep an eye on the Blockstream Store to be ready to place pre-orders for delivery in June.

), get a Lightning wallet ready …

Liquid assets just got a whole lot more secure with the addition of Liquid Network support for the Ledger Nano S. Liquid users with Android devices can now use Blockstream Green to send and receive a selection of major Liquid assets from their Ledger hardware wallet.

The Ledger Liquid App in ActionOffline Storage Combined With Multisig 2FAUsing Blockstream Green and a Ledger Nano S to store your Liquid assets combines the best of both offline storage and multisig two-factor authentication.

As with all standard Blockstream Green Bitcoin and Liquid wallets, Liquid assets on a Ledger Nano S are stored in a 2-of-2 multisig.

More Assets and Hardware Support to ComeAt launch, the Liquid app on th…

Using our explorer, anyone can search through historical Bitcoin, Liquid Network, and Bitcoin testnet transaction data.

However, it should be noted that using Blockstream Explorer as a source of blockchain data introduces trust in running a Lightning node.

New Liquid Network StatsNow all of the peg activity occurring on Liquid is on one page for easy searching.

Start Building With The APIThe Blockstream Explorer API is a performance-focused interface that simplifies building Bitcoin, Lightning, and Liquid-based applications.

To get started connecting your project to the Blockstream Explorer API, check out our documentation.

Over the course of a week, the attendees evaluated existing Bitcoin privacy technologies and formulated some possible new ones.

How a P2EP transaction compares to a regular Bitcoin transactionArmed with P2EP-enabled wallets, users will be able to initiate P2EP transactions in a similar way as they make regular Bitcoin transactions.

Regular and P2EP transactions look identical on the blockchain, meaning even minimal adoption of P2EP grants regular, ‘non-P2EP’ transactions improved privacy.

Regular and P2EP transactions look identical on the blockchain, meaning even minimal adoption of P2EP grants regular, ‘non-P2EP’ transactions improved privacy.

Enabling the merchant side of the pay…

Blockstream is excited to welcome the launch of Liquid CAD, a brand new asset on the Liquid Network created by Bull Bitcoin, one of the leading Bitcoin exchanges in Canada and a member of the Liquid Federation.

Liquid CAD (L-CAD) acts as a Canadian dollar payment system built on top of the Liquid Network.

The Canadian BullSince its launch in 2018, Bull Bitcoin has built Canada’s leading infrastructure for purchasing and using bitcoins.

Bull Bitcoin created L-CAD so Canadians would not have to compromise on the speed and confidentiality of their transactions when buying bitcoins.

Get StartedTo get started testing L-CAD transactions on Liquid, Canadian users should download Blockstream Gree…

by Alex BosworthWe’re excited to announce the release of the Lightning Loop Beta.

Loop Beta is the start of a roadmap to evolve the technology of Lightning bridging to take a permanent place in the Lightning ecosystem.

But in Beta, Lightning Loop will start to offer a new method of accessing the API that is based on the LSAT project for light-weight authenticated access of APIs.

In Beta, Lightning Loop will pre-check Loop In requests to help confirm that a swap can be completed before a transaction is sent-on chain.

This will help users save on chain fees and time-locked coins by proactively preventing liquidity errors.

We’re working to do our part to kick off the new decade right with the release of lnd v0.9-beta !

In lnd v0.9-beta , we’re making a significant step in this direction with the ability to receive “multi-path payments” (MPPs) (the non-spontaneous variant).

“Single-shot” MPP payments are essentially an updated, safer form of “normal,” unsplit Lightning payments.

RoutingAs discussed in the Routing Node Guide blog post series, we expect that over time, routing nodes will become more selective about the quality of nodes they connect to.

CompatibilityThere were a number of compatibility changes made in lnd v0.9-beta that will primarily be useful to developers of other Lightning imp…

If you just want to run Lightning on your phone, check out some of the wallets already using lnd 0.8, such as Breez, Zap and tippin.me.

To expose the lnd RPC as mobile APIs, we use falafel to translate the lnrpc protobuf definitions to gomobile compatible APIs at build time.

{ print("lnd started") } } LndmobileStart("--bitcoin.active --bitcoin.testnet --no-macaroons --bitcoin.node=neutrino", StartCallback())You could also bundle a config file with your app and give it to lnd using --configfile= .

getInfo.serializedData() LndmobileGetInfo(msg, GetInfoCallback())Integration with AndroidIn the Android world, Java is still king, and the lnd APIs will be Java compatible.

Check out the source for…

by Bryan VuIn the first post in this series, we discussed some of the requirements for becoming a routing node operator as well as some of the basic mechanics of setting up a routing node.

This section will further provide suggestions for how a routing node operator can configure their node so as to become more attractive to Lightning routing algorithms.

Channel acceptance policiesAs the Lightning routing network evolves, we envision that routing nodes will become more selective about the channel requests they accept.

As the routing node operator adds capital, another thing to keep in mind is increasing security commensurate with the additional funds stored.

Importantly, because source rout…

The Lightning Conference in Berlin is just around the corner, and to make things a little more exciting for conference attendees (and for everyone else, really), today we’re announcing the release of lnd v0.8.0-beta !

Note that SAFU commitments are only used for new channels that are created between parties support SAFU Commitments (which is now default in lnd v0.8.0-beta ).

Another safety improvement in lnd v0.8.0-beta is the addition of Per-HTLC Invoice Tracking.

RoutingOne of the biggest improvements in lnd v0.8.0-beta is the introduction of a much improved “Mission Control”, which is the payment routing subsystem in lnd .

(The system is also flexible enough to allow for specific a…

We have created tools one can use to check if your lnd node was targeted.

The exploit was fully patched in lnd version v0.7.1 (released July 30th 2019) and partially patched in version v0.7.0 (released July 2nd 2019).

Of the two checks, failure to check the scriptpubkey (#1) is more disastrous, since an attacker can costlessly open thousands of invalid channels per block.

If you’re running lnd version v0.7.1-beta and above, then you’re safe.

Channel LimitsThe Lightning Network specification currently requires a hard funding limit of 16.7M satoshis, and a payment limit of 4.2M satoshis.

by Bryan VuAs the Lightning Network has grown and we’ve worked with many community members who have been running Lightning routing nodes, we’ve been wanting to provide more information about our ideas and experiences running routing nodes.

Subsequent posts will discuss some of the underlying principles of Lightning routing, creating and managing channels, securing nodes, and monitoring nodes.

A Lightning Network routing node is a node that is configured and capitalized (with bitcoin) so as to facilitate the routing of Lightning Network payments.

Recommended capitalIn addition to hardware, time and skills, the final requirement to run an effective Lightning Network routing node is capita…

by Valentine WallaceToday we’re excited to announce the first alpha release of lndmon : a drop-in, dockerized monitoring solution for lnd .

Besides preventing network trouble, lndmon is a flexible monitoring tool for routing node operators and other users who want to track how their channels change over time.

Prometheus scrapes metrics from lndmon, and Grafana presents the data in eye-catching graphs.

Nginx is an optional component of lndmon which adds the ability for users to access their dashboards remotely over TLS.

If anyone using this project creates a graph they find useful, they’re encouraged to submit a pull request to the lndmon project so others can benefit from it as well.

The first half of 2019 has been an exciting time for Lightning and for Bitcoin, and in those first six months, we at Lightning Labs are excited to have released Lightning Loop, lnd v0.6-beta , our desktop Lightning App for Linux, OSX and Windows, our mobile Lightning App for Android and iOS, as well as Loop In!

To begin the second half of 2019, today we’re announcing the release of lnd v0.7-beta .

lnd v0.7-beta provides for running lnd in “altruist” watchtower mode, in which an operator can provide watchtower services without requiring payment.

In order to make the lifecycle of Lightning Payments more explicit to developers, we’ve added a new set of RPCs to be used for sending and t…

by Alex BosworthIn March, we at Lightning Labs announced Lightning Loop, which provides an on-demand non-custodial service to help manage Lightning channels.

Today, we’re making Lightning Loop bi-directional with the addition of Loop In.

At that point, Lightning users can close the empty channel and open a new channel (“channel churn”), or they keep their channel open and use Loop In!

Like our previous Loop Out release, this early command line release of Loop In is primarily intended for experimentation by more advanced Lightning users.

Integrate Loop TodayIn addition to providing benefits for end users and our Lightning App users as described above, Lightning Loop is designed to empo…

We recently launched our Lightning App on desktop and with this new release our Lightning App is now available on iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Powered by Neutrino and AutopilotThe mobile apps also include the same two core technologies that power the desktop app.

Instead, app users only need to download and verify tens of megabytes worth of filter and block headers in a matter of minutes.

You can read more about these two technologies in the desktop release blog post.

State of the Art Mobile SecuritySecurity is an integral part of Bitcoin and our Lightning App is no exception.

by Tankred Hase and Valentine WallaceToday we’re excited to announce the first alpha release of the Lightning App for desktop on Bitcoin mainnet.

For everyone to truly explore what is possible with the Lightning Network, we needed to build a wallet that knocks down these barriers-to-entry and demonstrates what is possible when technology fights for the user.

Unified Homescreen BalanceWe have also updated the home screen with a unified balance that includes on-chain as well as Lightning funds.

Selecting a set of initial channels is an important part of bootstrapping new users to the Lightning Network, and with this new system, we’ll ensure that our users’ very first channels act as rel…

Today, we’re excited to announce the latest release of lnd , v0.6-beta !

This is also the first release of lnd that supports Lightning Loop out of the box!

For light client users, we’ve also made a few Neutrino enhancements.

Developer friendlinessWe’ve been excited to see the activity around the creation of Lightning applications based on lnd as well as merchant services and Lightning wallets that use lnd .

lnd v0.6-beta includes a number of changes to the RPC interface that are designed to make lnd easier for developers to work with.

You are effectively looping the payment back to yourself, hence the name Lightning Loop.

The user sends a payment tied to this hash to the Lightning Loop server.

To prevent this the server requires a second Lightning payment called the prepayment to be made along with the swap payment.

From that point onwards, the preimage is to be considered public knowledge and the user should expect their Lightning payment to be settled at any time.

With the received on-chain funds another channel can be opened and this channel can be Looped out too.

by Alex Bosworth and Bryan VuToday we’re excited to announce the initial release of Lightning Loop, a non-custodial service that makes it easier for people to receive funds on Lightning.

Loop Out: A Tale of Lightning PizzaOne day, a new company launches that’s selling pizza on the Lightning Network called Backgammon’s.

The vision for Lightning Loop is to allow users to securely move funds in and out of the Lightning Network using non-custodial Bitcoin contracts.

Try Loop Out TodayThis developer-focused alpha we’re releasing is intended to be used via command line interface or via the Lightning Loop gRPC API.

Any feedback from the Lightning community is always very much appreciated 

On the media side, we do see some balance between stability and dynamism:Week in Ethereum had the highest total amount received in both the previous round and the current round.

EthHub and Bankless are also near the top in both the current round and the previous round.

An individual has two choices: contribute $10 in the current round, or contribute $5 in the current round and $5 in the next round.

a $200 match now, but the latter would give you $141 in the current round + $141 in the next round = $282.

Responses to negative contributionsThis round also introduced negative contributions, a feature proposed in my review of the previous round.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing f , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing , but Alice does not want Bob to learn her inputs, and Bob does not want Alice to learn his inputs.

Here's the circuit with labels again:At the start, Bob knows the labels 6816, 3621, 4872, 5851Bob evaluates the first gate.

However, in general garbled circuits can be used for computations that are not reversible, and so don't break privacy in this way (eg.

The labels themselves are random and so reveal nothing about the inputs, but anyone can then execute the published garbled c…

There are two main objections that I heard, and both lead to interesting criticisms of quadratic funding in its current implementation.

Traditionally, public goods of the type that Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding is trying to support were selected and funded by governments.

or quadratic funding.

But there is nothing in the rules of quadratic funding that privileges Ethereum projects and prevents, say, Ethereum Classic projects from seeking funding using the same platform!

One is to modify the quadratic funding mechanism to support negative votes in addition to positive votes.

a one-time set of serious breaking changes to prevent the base protocol's cryptography from falling to quantum computers would be okay).

Once a layer 1 protocol has achieved a certain level of functionality, which I will term "functionality escape velocity", then yes, you can do everything else on top without further changing the base.

This post will talk about some of what this minimal functionality that constitutes "functionality escape velocity" is.

The problem is this: there needs to be some way to move coins from a "normal" state to an "awaiting withdrawal" state.

The block time of the base layer sets the latency for anything whose confirmation depends things being included in the base…

The other 37 squares should be covered up by checkers or Go pieces or anything else to denote that they are inaccessible.

The rules are the same as chess, with a few exceptions:White pawns move up, black pawns move left.

White pawns take going left-and-up or right-and-up, black pawns take going left-and-down or left-and-up.

To break ties between equal maximum-length sequences, count the number of distinct length-three sequences they have; the hand with more distinct length-three sequences wins.

This hand has four length-three sequences: K 2 4, K 4 8, 2 3 4, 3 8 K. This is rare.

Special thanks to Karl Floersch and Jinglan Wang for feedbackIf you follow applied mechanism design or decentralized governance at all, you may have recently heard one of a few buzzwords: quadratic voting, quadratic funding and quadratic attention purchase.

... Public goods, public marketsPrivate goods (eg.

Quadratic VotingSee also the original paper: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%5fid=2003531Let us begin by exploring the first "flavor" of quadratic payments: quadratic voting.

With a bright mirror image of quadratic funding: quadratic fees!

Quadratic payments are an idea that has only become popular in the last few years; we still have not seen more than small-scale trial…

In this post, I'll go through the 16 problems from 2014 one by one, and see just where we are today on each one.

At the end, I’ll include my new picks for hard problems of 2019.

Cryptographic problemsBlockchain Scalability One of the largest problems facing the cryptocurrency space today is the issue of scalability ...

About six months after the "hard problems" list was posted, Ethereum settled on its ASIC-resistant proof of work algorithm: Ethash.

New problemsIf I were to write the hard problems list again in 2019, some would be a continuation of the above problems, but there would be significant changes in emphasis, as well as significant new problems.

Special thanks to the Gitcoin team and especially Frank Chen for working with me through these numbersThe next round of Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding has just finished, and we the numbers for how much each project has received were just released.

But what matters more here are not the raw donations, but rather the subsidies that the quadratic funding mechanism applied.

Pairwise-bounded quadratic funding vs traditional quadratic fundingRound 3 differs from previous rounds in that it uses a new flavor of quadratic funding, which limits the subsidy per pair of participants.

ConclusionsOn the whole, this was by far the largest and the most data-rich Gitcoin funding round to date.

The experim…

"Yes," Alice, Bob, Charlie and David exclaim in unison.

Bob, Charlie, David and Evan crowd around the books together, and each open up an app on their phone and press a few buttons.

Bob, Charlie, David and Evan glance down at their smartphone apps one more time, and each tap a few buttons.

"Congratulations, Alice," Bob says.

"Only a 75% probability this would have actually caught me if I didn't actually have all four parts of the key," Alice thought to herself.

How PLONK worksLet us start with an explanation of how PLONK works, in a somewhat abstracted format that focuses on polynomial equations without immediately explaining how those equations are verified.

We will need to create a structured system of equations, which will ultimately reduce to a very small number of polynomial equations, to represent both.

To make the problem actually challenging (and actually represent the problem encoded in the original circuit), we need to add an equation that verifies "copy constraints": constraints such as \(a(5) = c(7)\), \(c(10) = c(12)\), etc.

The only remaining polynomial in the above equations is \(Z(x) = (x - 1) \cdot (x - \omega) \cdot ... \cdot (x …

● Discussion of HTLC mining incentives: Itay Tsabary, Matan Yechieli, Ittay Eyal posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list with a paper they’ve written.

They claim that rational miners should want to run a modified Bitcoin node that allows a user to bribe it with a transaction that’s timelocked and can’t be confirmed until some point in the future.

The authors of the paper propose a solution they call Mutually Assured Destruction HTLCs (MAD-HTLCs).

These require Bob to provide a hashlocked bond that makes him reveal his own preimage when sending his timeout settlement.

In the long term, this is an incentive compatibility concern that protocol developers may want to keep in mind.

In the current LN protocol, each time the channel state is updated, the party who initiated opening the channel must commit to paying any onchain transaction fees for the unilateral close transaction.

The party paying the fees also gets to choose the feerate used—but the counterparty’s security also depends on the feerate being appropriate.

That means the counterparty may close the channel at any time if they think the chosen feerate has become too low for current market conditions.

If that feerate is five times higher than strictly necessary, this can easily result in paying more than $100 USD in transaction fees at current bitcoin prices.

Several other ideas are mentioned, but Pickhardt a…

The authors outline how CoinPool could work using existing features of Bitcoin plus taproot, SIGHASH_NOINPUT , and the ability to use a delete-only accumulator via Bitcoin Script (e.g.

To create a coinjoin, takers contact several makers, collect their input and output information, and create the transaction template.

The taker directly gains the privacy benefits of the coinjoin and the makers directly gain income for providing liquidity.

This model gives takers a lot of flexibility with their own inputs and outputs to the transaction template.

This allows constructing the transaction template without the coordinator learning which inputs funded which outputs.

This will cause the hardware wallet to under-calculate the transaction fee by that same understated amount.

Of course, networked wallets are vulnerable to other attacks, which is why hardware wallets can enhance user security.

In response, Trezor has updated its firmware to require copies of previous transactions for segwit UTXOs the same way it requires them for legacy UTXOs.

Software that creates or updates Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions (PSBTs) will need to be upgraded to include the full copies of previous transactions into the PSBTs.

If taproot is adopted, then it should become safer for stateless signers like hardware wallets to sign for taproot UTXOs without evaluating previou…

● Design for a coinswap implementation: Chris Belcher posted a design for a full-featured coinswap implementation.

This improves the privacy of not just the coinswap users but all Bitcoin users, as anything that looks like a payment could have instead been a coinswap.

Additionally, he compares coinswap to other privacy techniques such as using LN, coinjoin, payjoin, and payswap.

Belcher has a history of creating and maintaining privacy-enhancing open source software for Bitcoin, such as JoinMarket and Electrum Personal Server, which gives particular weight to the conclusion of his email: “I intend to create this CoinSwap software.

It will be almost completely decentralized and available for…

● Minimum transaction size discussion: Thomas Voegtlin posted to the Bitcoin-Dev mailing list about creating transactions with stripped sizes (non-witness sizes) as small as 60 bytes.

Bitcoin Core refuses to relay or mine transactions smaller than 82 bytes.

As described in Newsletter #36, permanently eliminating the ability to perform that attack was proposed in the consensus cleanup soft fork by forbidding transactions with a stripped size of fewer than 65 bytes.

After describing the motivation for the current relay rule, Sanders asks whether the rule can be simplified to only forbid transactions whose stripped size is exactly 64 bytes.

ZmnSCPxj replies that anything under 64 bytes could s…

The previous standard protocol uses four transactions.

Additionally the keys necessary to spend the coins won’t be contained in the user’s BIP32 HD wallet, so additional backups may be required.

If taproot is adopted, swaps can be made even more privately and efficiently.

Commenting on the protocol, Lloyd Fournier noted the “elegance” of a simplified version of the protocol that uses three transactions.

Dmitry Petukhov posted about a specification he’d written for the protocol in the TLA+ formal specification language, helping to test the correctness of the protocol.

● Request for an additional taproot signature commitment: an idea previously discussed among Bitcoin experts would be allowing hardware wallets to automatically sign any transaction as long as it provably increases the user’s balance.

This could make it easy for the hardware wallet to automatically participate in coinjoin transactions or LN payment routing.

However, several years ago, Greg Sanders described an attack that could be used to trick a hardware wallet into thinking that its balance was increasing when it was actually decreasing.

Finally, the attacker would put both signatures into a final transaction and broadcast it, stealing money from the wallet.

This would allow hardware wall…

Also included are our regular sections with releases, release candidates, and notable code changes from popular Bitcoin infrastructure software.

For example, which Hardware Security Module (HSM) can be used for a Lightning node, or how to failover a Bitcoin Core node in a multi-instance setting.

(transcript, video)● Grokking Bitcoin Kalle Rosenbaum participated in a Bitcoin developer meetup and gave a presentation at London Bitcoin Devs.

(Meetup transcript, presentation transcript, presentation video, presentation slides)New releases and release candidates for popular Bitcoin infrastructure projects.

Notable code and documentation changesNotable changes this week in Bitcoin Core, C-Lightnin…

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Reflexer Labs is building RAI, a dampened version of ETH that is meant to be used as collateral in other DeFi protocols.

If you want to know why everyone’s so excited about this EIP, I suggest giving this piece a read.

These funds will go a long way to making sure this EIP gets the love it deserves so that it can be safely included in the Ethereum protocol.

I also caught up with Alex Saunders from Nuggets News again last week to discuss the previous months worth of Ethereum news.

DeFi Dude is an active Ethereum community member who is currently working with Kyber Network on community-related initiatives.

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)👨‍🌾 Farming All the YieldWell, that was an absolutely crazy week in Ethereum, wasn’t it?

If you’d like to support EthHub, you can do so here (or fund the Ethereum “state media” here).

Lastly, a Chinese version of EthHub is now available - a big thanks to ECN for making this possible!

With this pool, speculators can farm SNX, REN, CRV and BAL tokens using their tokenized BTC on Ethereum.

Updates on the core spec and implementation, security audits, testnets and more from the Nimbus team this week.

For a full breakdown of the eth2 testnet action over the last few weeks, you can read the piece I wrote here.

Have a great week everyone!

All your regular eth2 updates packed into Ben’s weekly newsletter as per usual - this one has a great section on the current testnet status.

Community Member SpotlightThis week we’re highlighting the great work of Philippe Castonguay!

Keep up the great work Philippe!

📰 Launching The Daily GweiLast week, I announced the launch of my brand new daily Ethereum newsletter called The Daily Gwei.

This newsletter does not deprecate or replace the EthHub Weekly Newsletter - rather, it complements it and allows me to deliver Ethereum-related updates to subscribers daily (along with my own commentary).

The cryptocurrency exchange has initiated procurement deals with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for a cryptocurrency investigations tool called “Coinbase Analytics,” according to publicly available documents.

Coinbase joins a crowded field of cryptocurrency analytics companies – Chainalysis, Elliptic, CipherTrace and…

Curated by Anthony Sassano (@sassal0x) and Eric Conner (@econoar)[SPONSORED] Matic Network, the leading Ethereum Layer 2 platform, is transitioning to the public mainnet!

With a scalable Layer 2 like Matic on Ethereum, applications have everything on Ethereum to build products ready for mass adoption.

ETHGlobals HackMoney hackathon finished up this week with over 350 hackers participating and 116 DeFi-related projects being built.

Devfolio also announced a new Ethereum India Fellowship program which aims to help developers go from web2 to web3.

Updates on the eth1 <> eth2 merge, the eth2 network monitor, the results of a cross-shard transaction simulation and more.

With a scalable Layer 2 like Matic on Ethereum, applications have everything on Ethereum to build products ready for mass adoption.

We’re big fans of Gitcoin at EthHub and we think this is an awesome opportunity to get involved with the Ethereum/web3 ecosystem.

The weekly recap podcast will be delayed by roughly 24 hours this week due to scheduling issues - sorry for the inconvenience!

Ethereum Cat Herders community update is here with another issue to recap the latest in Ethereum developments and other exciting progress in the ecosystem.

Stani is a very active Ethereum community member and is the Founder and CEO of Aave - a DeFi lending protocol that has seen meteoric growth over the last …

Crypto derivatives platform ErisX is launching Ether futures contracts, it announced Monday in a blog post.

The new contracts, the first futures contracts for the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap in the U.S., will begin trading effective immediately, ErisX announced.

"Starting today individual and institutional investors can access physically delivered futures contracts based on ETH-USD with monthly and quarterly expirations.

The ErisX futures exchange trades alongside the ErisX spot market on a unified and innovative platform enabling price transparency and collateral efficiencies," the blog post said.

Ben is an active Ethereum community member and is the Founder, CEO & Lead Eng…

So, to help educate these people, we cleaned up the EthHub Discord channel with the aim of turning it into more of a community learning hub.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekTON Labs, a startup that helped Telegram run the test network for the Telegram Open Network (TON), launched its own version of the blockchain Thursday, with the support of professional validators.

During a Zoom call livestreamed on YouTube, the genesis block of the new blockchain was generated, effectively marking its existence.

"The network must not be censored, it must go to the world," TON Labs CTO Mitya Goroshevsky said on the call.

Immutable X is a decentralized, non-custodial exchange that scales trading on the Ethereum n…

Glassnode released yet another metric that I requested last week - the Ethereum HODL Waves chart which shows ETH holder behavior over the years.

Finally, the monthly Ethereum update video I do with Alex Saunders of Nugget’s News is live - watch it here.

Project UpdatesLots of testnet updates and news in this weeks edition of Ben’s newsletter along with a suite of research updates.

In this post, Pooja from the Ethereum Cat Herders goes over all of the groups achievements for Q1 of this year.

This post covers r&d updates for all of Loopring’s products, recent metrics for the exchange, media coverage and more.

Now, ~$28,000 is forever locked in their contracts due to that bug (though the team will be covering the losses).

We’ll be talking about this more on the EthHub Weekly recap podcast which we’ll be livestreaming (with video!)

Futureswap, an exchange to trade 20x perpetual ETH futures went live this week for a brief period of time.

In its 3 day alpha period, it did over $7 million in volume with over $1 million of liquidity.

Paul previously worked at AZTEC Protocol as a Blockchain Engineer and held various Software Engineering roles prior to that.

A fresh new guide was added to EthHub this week that gives a straightforward explanation of ERC20 tokens on Ethereum.

- AnthonyNews of the WeekdForce, a Multicoin Capital-backed Chinese decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol, has been exploited.

Project UpdatesGnosis officially launched their protocol this week which is the result of two years of research and development.

Gnosis Protocol is a fully permissionless DEX (decentralized trading protocol) that enables a new mechanism called ring trades to maximize liquidity.

The new website lets you compare various different DeFi assets such as protocol tokens (MKR, ZRX), Compound cTokens, Uniswap pool tokens and much more.

We’ll be talking a bit more about Gitcoin grants on this weeks weekly recap podcast - head here to make sure you’re subscribed so you don’t miss it!

It allows users to automatically direct interest earned to things like buying ETH or other tokens.

With this integration, Trust wallet users can now import the Public Eth address in one click into Frontier and start tracking DeFi Portfolio and perform DeFi operations.

Fairmint is a “continuous securities offering” platform that allows teams and individuals to raise money from anyone at any time.

SmokeSignal is a tool that allows users to post unstoppable messages to the Ethereum blockchain using a web3 wallet, ENS and DAI.

If you haven’t checked it out yet, I joined Alex Saunders on his YouTube channel to discuss the last 6 weeks worth of Ethereum updates.

Last thing - there’s currently a survey running that aims to gauge the mental models people have for the Ethereum Protocol, Ethereum Foundation and ETH (the token).

- AnthonyNews of the WeekBinance has officially announced its acquisition of CoinMarketCap, the popular aggregator for exchange volume and cryptocurrency pricing data.

Project UpdatesThe Ethereum Foundation has announced the Devcon Archive - a place where everyone can dive into presentations from all past Devcon events.

Your regular eth2 news round up from Ben including some updates on phase 0, …

A 1 DAI contribution is currently being matched by 90 DAI so even a little goes a very long way!

Donors may ultimately use Ethereum-based tokens to vote for which candidates should get their support, though initially voting will not tap any crypto tokens.

Uniswap V2 will be bringing a suite of new features to the Uniswap protocol including token to token trading pairs, flash swaps, price oracles and much more.

Lots of technical updates from Nimbus this month including work on interoperability, audits, libp2p and more.

Mike is the Co-Founder of Rainbow Wallet - an in-development mobile crypto wallet for Ethereum (currently available on iOS).

In recent months, the quirky crypto world-building game called "Cryptovoxels" has garnered increasing attention.

Like Minecraft, Cryptovoxels lets you explore and build without any strict goal or directive.Where Cryptovoxels differs from a game like Minecraft is in its integration of— you guessed it— crypto!

While anyone can explore the Cryptovoxel world freely, to build in the world you have to own property.

LinkA Social Network and Real AdoptionCreative expression is the obvious appeal of a game like Cryptovoxels.

Keep an eye on expansive world building games backed by crypto ownership.

I sent the first issue of Build Blockchain out to fifty subscribers on June 3rd, 2018.

( Issue 23 , November 4th, 2018)This week was a good microcosm of where we are in the crypto world.

In such a world, Bitcoin could exist as an asset on the Ethereum network, and both would benefit for it.

These applications increase the usefulness of Bitcoin, and thus the demand for it, all without the Bitcoin network itself having to make any tradeoffs in terms of complexity or security.

A decentralized network, and the smart contract code that runs on it, is all that is needed.

On a layer one blockchain, all computation is executed on the main chain, and all data is stored there as well.

To achieve greater scalability, Plasma moves both computation and data storage off of the main blockchain and into a second layer chain.

Link Validium returns to the idea of keeping layer 2 data off-chain, unlocking much greater scalability gains than the rollup constructions can offer.

Unlike Plasma, though, Validium doesn't rely on fraud proofs for validating computation, instead adopting zero knowledge proofs.

Compared to a centralized exchange a Validium layer 2 is still far more secure and trust minimized.

On June 2nd, 2020, a livestream was held to mark the end of the month-long HackMoney virtual hackathon.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, I'll give you a recap of the event from my perspective as a participant.

Finally, I'll reflect on what the hackathon demonstrates about the Ethereum ecosystem.

What was great about HackMoney is that the organizers didn't simply recreate an in-person hackathon on a Zoom call.

UmbraFor HackMoney, Matt Solomon and I teamed up to create Umbra, a protocol for privacy preserving stealth payments on the Ethereum blockchain.

The term antifragile was coined by Nassim Taleb, an author whose books have done much to shape my view of the world.

Money PrintingI wrote extensively about about central bank money printing in issue 90 of this newsletter, so I won't dwell on here.

While the standard narrative amongst most crypto folks is that money printing by the Fed will lead to massive inflation of the US Dollar, I'm not convinced that's a given.

Sure, the government is printing money, but the credit market has contracted and demand for dollars globally has skyrocketed.

If nations in the developing world try to print their way out of economic trouble, there may be inflation of those local currencies.

As news broke that these early coins had moved, Bitcoin's price dropped sharply.

Lerner named this the "Patoshi" pattern, and the block where the recently moved coins were mined did not adhere to it.

Maybe, maybe not, but the truth is, if people find Bitcoin's distribution unfair, they'll be less likely to adopt it.

More precisely, the existence of these 1.1 million BTC, and the risk that they'll be recovered someday, probably depresses Bitcoin's price even today.

While I do see Satoshi's coins as a liability, any attempts to "fix" this problem would probably prove more perilous than the coins' continued existence.

In this edition of Build Blockchain, we'll explore these two token projects, how they work, and what they might mean for Ethereum and all of crypto.

Users can buy and sell the tokens freely, and it's even possible to own fractional amounts.

To receive the physical tape, users must "pay" with exactly one token.

Community Points are subreddit specific ERC20 tokens that are issued to users based on their contributions.

RAC's $TAPE token is "just a stunt."

Sometime in the next couple of days, the 630,000th Bitcoin block will be mined.

A Pseudonymous ShadowThese kinds of debates also betray something else about the crypto world: we're still living in Satoshi Nakamoto's shadow.

Is becoming a reserve currency held by nation states the only worthy aspiration for Bitcoin?

Rather, we can see it as the reserve currency of the internet itself.

If Bitcoin is destined to be the reserve currency of the self-sovereign internet, it follows we're just getting started.

The four projects I identified as needing to ship this year are Filecoin, Taproot, Ethereum 2.0, and Polkdadot.

For any one of these projects, failure to ship would leave their respective network in a precarious position.

Unlike many who raised large sums of money during that hype driven bubble, the Filecoin team has actually been putting their money to use, building out what they promised.

First, on April 19th, we saw the launch of new testnet, codenamed Topaz, running the Prysm Ethereum 2.0 client built by Prylabs.

Link It's important to remember that this is only the first of three phases for Ethereum 2.0, and its functionality will be limited merely to staking and producing blocks.

In the past week, there have been two notable hacks of Decentralized Finance smart contracts running on Ethereum, both involving a token called imBTC.

The Ninja MineThe Steem network launched in 2016 as a Proof-of-Work blockchain aimed at rewarding content creators.

Under DPoS, any Steem holder can vote for block producers proportional to their holdings.

To my surprise, that's not what happened.The Steem community, which as I mentioned before is surprisingly vibrant, rallied.

Link Stuck in this limbo, the Steem community formulated plans for the future.

The hostile takeover of Steem network was a dramatic reminder of the real nature of decentralized governance: underneath it all, everything ultimately depends on social consensus.

As the western world enters its second month of the coronavirus crisis, it seems the absolute worst case public health scenarios have come off the table.

This week, the Thesis team, which is behind the TBTC project, announced they had raised $7.7 M via a token sale.

TBTC is a project which aims to create a trust minimized bridge allowing Bitcoin to be transferred to the Ethereum network.

Bitcoin On EthereumIf successful, the TBTC project will make Bitcoin available as a standard ERC-20 token on Ethereum.

The tBTC token (yes, the token is referred to with a lowercase "t") could be added as a form of collateral in MakerDAO, for example.

In this system, anyone can become a "signer" that participates in securing deposits on the Bitcoin network and minting tBTC on Ethereum.

On Thursday, March 12th, 2020, as the seriousness of the emerging covid19 pandemic began to set in around the world, global markets sold off. Stocks, bonds, precious metals, and commodities all dropped precipitously. Crypto was not immune.

It's mid-morning on Friday, March 20th, 2020…

Issue #63Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Virtual ASICs: Generalized Proof-of-Stake Mining in Cryptocurrencies.

Virtual ASICs are tokenized representations of mining power that mimic many of the properties of their physical counterparts but do not waste any physical resources.

Next, this work shows how to bootstrap our ASIC blockchain system by constructing a mechanism for acquiring ASICs on the blockchain.

Paper Title: Generically Speeding-Up Repeated Squaring is Equivalent to Factoring: Sharp Thresholds for All Generic-Ring Delay Functions.

Paper Title: An Economic Model of Blockchain: The Interplay between Transaction Fees and Security.

Issue #62Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Bulletproofs+: Shorter Proofs for Privacy-Enhanced Distributed Ledger.

This work presents an improved variety of Bulletproofs, that has shorter proof size than Bulletproofs.

It achieves the shortest proof size in the category of NIZK without trusted setup.

Paper Title: Minerva: The curse of ECDSA nonces Systematic analysis of lattice attacks on noisy leakage of bit-length of ECDSA nonces.

Paper Title: The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy.

Paper Title: Flood & Loot: A Systemic Attack On The Lightning Network.

Paper Title: REA, Triple-Entry Accounting and Blockchain: Converging Paths to Shared Ledger Systems.

Paper Title: Can Antitrust Trust Blockchain?

Paper Title: Digital Asset Market Evolution.

Paper Title: After Libra, Digital Yuan and COVID-19: Central Bank Digital Currencies and the New World of Money and Payment Systems.

Paper Title: Blockchain with Varying Number of Players.

Authors: Matthias Fitzi*, Peter Gaži*, Aggelos Kiayias*†, and Alexander Russell*‡,Affiliations: * IOHK Research, † University of Edinburgh, and ‡ University of Connecticut.

Paper Title: LotMint: Blockchain Returning to Decentralization with Decentralized Clock.

Paper Title: Central Bank Digital Currency with Adjustable Interest Rate in Small Open Economies.

Paper Title: Risks and Benefits of Initial Coin Offerings: Evidence from Impak Finance, a Regulated ICO.

Paper Title: About Blockchain Interoperability.

Paper Title: Blockchain is Watching You: Profiling and Deanonymizing Ethereum Users.

Authors: Chenxing Li*, Fan Long†, and Guang Yang‡,Affiliations: * Tsinghua University, † University of Toronto, and ‡ Conflux Foundation.

Paper Title: The Public Blockchain Ecosystem: An Empirical Analysis.

Paper Title: Blockchain in the World of Work: Hype or Hope?

That the true security threshold matches the private attack threshold in all these protocols is not a coincidence.

It is due to an intimate connection between the private attack and any general attack.

Through these concepts, any attack can be viewed as a race between adversary and honest chains, not just the private attack.

Authors: Amir Dembo*, Sreeram Kannan†, Ertem Nusret Tas*, David Tse*, Pramod Viswanath‡, Xuechao Wang‡, and Ofer Zeitouni§,Affiliations: * Stanford University, † University of Washington, ‡ University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and § Weizmann Institute of Science.

Authors: Diego F. Aranha*, Felipe Rodrigues Novaes†, Akira Takahashi*‡, Mehdi Tibouchi§, and Yuval Yarom…

Second, existing token-exchange oriented interoperability protocols, such as atomic cross-chain swaps (ACCS) , are not generic enough to realize cross-chain dApps.

Within this programming framework, a blockchain-neutral and extensible model is proposed to describe cross-chain dApps, and a high-level programming language to write cross-chain dApps under the proposed programming model.

A prototype is implemented in approximately 35,000 lines of code and evaluated with three categories of cross-chain dApps.

Authors: Zhuotao Liu*†, Yangxi Xiang‡, Jian Shi, Peng Gao✜, Haoyu Wang‡, Xusheng Xiao†§, Bihan Wen#, and Yih-Chun Hu*†,Affiliations: * University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, † HyperServic…

Both protocols are suitable candidates for it, as in both protocols “service providers” are a necessary part.

Paper Title: Towards a Decentralized Digital Engineering Assets Marketplace: Empowered by Model-based Systems Engineering and Distributed Ledger Technology.

Authors: Foteini Baldimtsi*, Varun Madathil†, Alessandra Scafuro†, and Linfeng Zhou†,Affiliations: * George Mason University and † North Carolina State University.

Paper Title: QuickSync: A Quickly Synchronizing PoS-Based Blockchain Protocol.

Summary: A novel PoS-based blockchain protocol to achieve security against fully adaptive corruptions without compromising on performance.

Instead of coding incorrect behavior, the proposed work runs faulty nodes in two (or generally, k) parallel universes in tandem.

Paper Title: Storing and Retrieving Secrets on a Blockchain.

Paper Title: JaxNet: Scalable Blockchain Network.

Paper Title: From Byzantine Replication to Blockchain: Consensus is only the Beginning.

Paper Title: Applying Blockchain Layer2 Technology to Mass E-Commerce.

Issue #54Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Can a Blockchain Keep a Secret?

TLDR: Imagine posting an encrypted will to a blockchain to be opened only when the blockchain reaches consensus that the subject died.

Paper Title: A Retrospective Analysis of User Exposure to (Illicit) Cryptocurrency Mining on the Web.

Authors: Shuyang Tang*‡, Qingzhao Zhang†, Zhengfeng Gao*, Jilai Zheng*, and Dawu Gu*,Affiliations: * Shanghai Jiao Tong University, † University of Michigan, and ‡ Cryptape Information Technology Co.2.

Paper Title: Cryptocurrencies as Property: Ruscoe and Moore v Cryptopia Limited (In Liquidation) [2020] NZHC 728.

Issue #53Paper of the Week:Paper Title: Pointproofs: Aggregating Proofs for Multiple Vector Commitments.

In many distributed applications, the commitments, values, and proofs come from multiple sources that are not even aware of each other’s data.

Paper Title: Hierarchical One-out-of-Many Proofs With Applications to Blockchain Privacy and Ring Signatures.

Paper Title: A System Dynamics Model of Bitcoin: Mining as an Efficient Market and the Possibility of ‘Peak Hash’.

Paper Title: The Law of Blockchain.

It is a well-known fact that non-interactive zero-knowledge requires some shared randomness, or a common reference string.

The paper formally proves that the proposed mechanism produces a secure reference string by providing an analysis in the universal composition framework.

Paper Title: Accountability in a Permissioned Blockchain: Formal Analysis of Hyperledger Fabric.

Paper Title: Multichain-MWPoW: A p/2 Adversary Power Resistant Blockchain Sharding Approach to a Decentralised Autonomous Organisation Architecture.

Paper Title: Mechanism Design with Blockchain Enforcement.

Issue #51Paper of the Week:Paper Title: A PoR/PoS-Hybrid Blockchain: Proof of Reputation with Nakamoto Fallback.

Paper Title: Probing Channel Balances in the Lightning Network.

Paper Title: Attacking with bitcoin: Using Bitcoin to Build Resilient Botnet Armies.

Paper Title: SmartCoAuth: Smart-Contract privacy preservation mechanism on querying sensitive records in the cloud.

Paper Title: Decentralized Governance of Digital Platforms.

Paper Title: An Empirical Analysis of Privacy in the Lightning Network.

Paper Title: State of Stablecoins (2019)Summary: The report presents new insights and data on stablecoins, an innovative and rapidly evolving sector of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Paper Title: Decentralized Governance of Blockchain Platforms.

Authors: Yan Chen*, Igor Pereira†, and Pankaj C. Patel‡,Affiliations: * Stevens Institute of Technology, † Florida State University, and ‡ Villanova University.

Paper Title: Knowing Your Customer: Empirical Implications for Raising Capital through Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs).

If you have doubts about which brand of lubricating oil to choose, see below the list with the main brands available in the country!

To assist you in this decision, check out the eight best brands according to consumer research!

1 ° LubraxThe best-selling motor oil brand in the country, the Lubrax Lubricants line offers high-tech products for cars, motorcycles, SUVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, vans and agricultural vehicles.

2nd CastrolWith over 100 years of history, Castrol is a world leader in the production of lubricating oils.

Now that you know the best brands of engine oil, you can now choose the best product for your car more safely.

This is issue #28 of Our Network, the free newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches nearly 3000 crypto investors every week.

This week our contributors cover projects in the DEX ecosystem: Curve, Kyber, 0x, dYdX, and Uniswap.

Following its inception and the initial growth, Curve was absorbing 1-2M in daily trading volume on average until recently.

Trading volumes touched $60M daily, with total trading volume over all time of existence of the platform exceeding $500M (source).

(Source)Almost half of the weekly trading volume consists of USDC<>USDT swaps - the most popular to facilitate COMP farming.

Uniswap flippens itself.

Since our last update, Uniswap v2 has overtaken v1.

Here are the most recent figures:Uniswap v2: $40M liq ($20M vol)Uniswap v1: $30M liq ($5M vol)Combined, Uniswap holds $70M of liquidity, representing slight growth since v2 launch (roughly attributable to ETH price rise).

Growth: The total number of new Tezos delegators continued to grow and reached its highest growth ever (+7.5k) in May and is set to keep this pace in June.

Over its short 2 years of existence, Tezos went through two growth epochs already and is in the middle of its third.

Eventually, an epochs ended with a new low in delegator churn rate.

At the end of each epoch, Tezos had gained 2-3x more delegators.

The most recent epoch seems to be not over yet, although churn is declining, delegator growth keeps increasing while at the same time the custodial uptrend is broken.

Locking DCR for tickets is an action that tells us something about the holder who performs it.

This action represents some degree of long-term commitment and, for those who use their tickets to participate in voting on consensus and Politeia proposals, an interest in the how the network is run.

The final two graphs are constructed by following the DCR paid to 1) contractors paid by the Treasury, 2) miners paid by block rewards - recording the proportion that ends up in different kinds of "outcome".

See here for more detailed methodology, here for code.

After following the DCR paid to contractors for 5 hops, 31% had been sent to exchange-associated addresses, 29.4% had been used to buy ticke…

This is issue #26 of Our Network, the free newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches almost 2500 crypto investors every week.

CompoundContributor: Nick Martitsch, Business Development at CompoundTotal supply on Compound is currently at $480 million from 23,000 unique addresses.

In this graph, you can see the roughly 11,520 total COMP that has been earned across all Compound markets, with 91% of COMP going to USDT suppliers/borrowers.

As a result of this influx, both of these Compound wallets are at the time of writing among the top 15 largest stablecoin-holding addresses.

Our newest market is Uniswap, which has been live since May 28th and already contains $533K in total liquidity.

To better understand where these rewards are actually coming from, a look at Terra’s merchant integrations through the CHAI wallet is necessary.

There are currently 24 merchants integrated with CHAI and rising.

The CHAI data is uniquely insightful into consumer spending behavior at scale.

All CHAI data is provided by DSRV Labs who are operating chaiscan.com.

Terra underwent a hard fork in early December and only data since then is being taken into consideration.

The total number of unlocked inflationary reward tokens (to date) is 16,337,502 SNX, which is distributed across 425 wallets.

Out of these tokens, 10,353,390 have been manually vested by 147 wallets.

Having a relatively small percentage of unlocked plus vested wallets provides some insight into the psychology of Stakers.

Vesting does not provide any significant benefits for Stakers that are long the system and there to provide collateral to the network.

Regardless of locked or otherwise, any SNX that is attributed to their address can be used as collateral and therefore helps to maximize the Stakers yield.

Experimentation around new pools has also been on the rise.

There are now 236 pools, up from ~70 a couple of weeks ago.

The flexibility of the protocol allied with powerful incentives seems to be waking up dormant liquidity: portfolios that were just sitting in a hold strategy are now beginning to see the opportunities of joining a Balancer pool.

One good example is the currently most liquid pool: a 90/10 RPL/ETH whose tokens were just being held prior to joining a Balancer pool.

The uneven weights configuration is a great way to kickstart liquid venues especially when there’s limited ETH or fiat at the LPs’ disposal.

Welcome to issue #24 of Our Network, the free newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches almost 2500 crypto investors every week.

Network CoverageEmerging Networks: Polkadot, Nervos CKB, Enterprise ETH, Handshake🟢 PolkadotContributor: Bill Laboon, Technical Education Lead at Web3 FoundationThe first Polkadot candidate was released on May 26th.

While Kusama, an early-release "canary" version of the Polkadot codebase, has been running since August 2019, this marks the beginning of the Polkadot mainnet launch process.

The Kusama network has also seen a consistent number of daily transactions (~300 - ~800) on the network (charts below - source).

Profitability: The last time we calculated …

Because of this, tracking the total percentage of blockspace (gas) being consumed by a protocol shows just how much stress (demand) an application is putting on Ethereum’s bandwidth.

A higher level of gas consumption is bullish, but at the cost of making Ethereum transactions for everybody else.

The chart below shows what percentage of gas available each day is being consumed by Chainlink oracle networks.

At mainnet launch, with only a single price feed (ETH/USD) and three nodes, Chainlink was consuming 0.33% of Ethereum’s daily bandwidth available.

Over the course of 2019 this rose to a peak of 3.5% when there was two price feeds (ETH/USD and BTC/USD) each with 21 oracle nodes causing a 10…

Welcome to Issue #22 of Our Network, the newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches almost 2000 crypto investors every week.

The Maker WBTC contract now has a balance of 2,626 Wrapped Bitcoins, almost 14x higher than #2 on the list (Set Protocol).

Indeed, we’ve seen many pools increase the proportion of rewards shared to pool members, as shown in the chart below.

Dust Pool’s increase of rewards shared from 5 to 10% on March 24 helped solidify their position as the top staked pool at the time.

Likewise, Prycto’s increase in rewards shared from 5 to 12% on April 22 preceded with their re-taking of the top spot.

Welcome to Issue #21 of Our Network, the newsletter about on-chain analytics that reaches almost 2000 crypto investors every week.

Miner revenue, which is composed of block rewards and transaction fees, is critical to the overall security of the Bitcoin network.

Over the long run the Bitcoin network will need to become more reliant on transaction fees to make up for that lost revenue.Interestingly, Bitcoin fees have been surging in the few days after the halving.

A sustained surge in transaction fees would be good for miner revenue, and an overall positive sign for the long-term health of the network.

These metrics take the ratio between network valuation (market cap or realised cap) and th…

Loyalty: Tezos is all about delegated proof of stake and its community is very close knit so we were interested in visualizing the behavior of delegators over time.

We see that a genesis wave of staking occurred during the first 4 months, then a second wave followed with the price surge in Spring 2019 and a third much larger wave followed in Nov 2019 when custodial staking opened.

Long-term hodlers who dominate Tezos are very loyal to their bakers: out of the 35.5k currently active delegators 27.5k (77.5%) have never left.

Over time only half of all delegators became disloyal at all and only 14% have switched baker multiple times.

Delegators who leave eventually stick on average of one year…

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we are covering a protocol for solving data availability attacks in blockchains called SPAR (Sparse Fraud Protection) which leverages a new accumulator called a Coded Merkle Tree.

This paper was recently published by Yu et al., and provides an efficient data availability scheme for light clients.

One of the first proposals for using erasure coding to combat data availability was by Buterin.

Coded Merkle TreesA coded merkle tree (CMT) is a modified merkle tree in which every layer of the merkle tree is erasure coded.

It makes use of a novel hash-based accumulator called coded merkle tree in order to guarantee its efficiencies.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we are covering a well-understood but informally defined concept, Proof-of-Burn.

Moreover, in this paper, the authors provide a general Proof-of-Burn protocol that can be used for any cryptocurrency.

In addition to providing this protocol, they go into depth about a particular use case for a Proof-of-Burn protocol: bootstrapping a new cryptocurrency.

ProtocolThe authors provide a Proof-of-Burn protocol that satisfy all the properties previously discussed.

Moreover, we went over a construction of a Proof-of-Burn protocol that the authors proposed that satisfy the various definitions given for secure Proof-of-Burn protocols.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will be covering Incentives in Ethereum’s Hybrid Casper Protocol by Vitalik Buterin et al.

This paper provides a mathematical framework for analyzing the incentives of Casper FFG as originally planned in EIP1011.

Moreover, it analyzes the liveness and safety properties of Casper FFG and shows that the hybrid Casper protocol provides better guarantees than pure PoW.

Casper FFG DescriptionAt its core, Casper FFG is a smart contract deployed onto a PoW chain with enough expressiveness like Ethereum.

Eventually, the total stake controlled by voting validators will reach and exceed ⅔ of the total stake.

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will go through Towards a Functional Fee Market for Cryptocurrencies, a paper that proposes an alternative fee system to the current way blockchain networks price transaction fees.

This results in a saw-tooth-like pattern for transaction fees.

Just as in GFPs, the highest bidder gets the highest slot, the second highest bidder gets the second highest slot, etc.

A miner looking to make a profit will select the K highest bids or all available bids if there are less than K bids available.

A block is full if it has K transactions or it has fewer than K transactions and pays a fill penalty, which is (K - # of tx in block) * fee paid by ea…

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we summarize two proposals for developing trust-minimized light-clients for proof-of-work blockchains: Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof of Work (NIPoPoWs) and FlyClient.

It only needs to store a logarithmic number of block headers and provides strong mechanisms for ensuring the validity of these block headers.

Block headers need to include a Merkle root to a MMR that contains commitments to all the previous block headers of the chain.

Both are designed to have a light client only store a logarithmic number of block headers instead of a linear number of block headers.

The authors of FlyClient show that FlyClient can provide up to a 40% im…

In this edition of the Blockchain Research Newsletter, we will be summarizing and comparing two papers on blockchain privacy solutions, Zexe (Zero Knowledge Execution) and Zether.

Before we deep dive into Zexe, we will go over the Zerocash protocol upon which Zexe is based on.

Then, we will go over the DPC scheme that makes up the core of the Zexe protocol.

As such, Zether is a layer 2 privacy solution for account-based blockchain systems, whereas Zexe provides a privacy-preserving scripting language on top of a UTXO-based blockchain system.

ConclusionIn summary, Zexe proposes a new UTXO-based blockchain protocol that not only provides functional privacy but also data privacy.

Blockchain Research Newsletter #1: Avalancheby Mikerah and John AdlerIn this edition, we will be focusing on a novel family of leaderless consensus protocols introduced by an anonymous group called Team Rocket.

Finally, Snowball is augmented using a DAG structure to store and order transactions to create Avalanche.

If the node doesn’t get enough queries, then it’ll query the network again until it gets k queries back.

Surprising enough, in order to get Snowflake from Slush, all we need to do is add a counter to Slush.

The nodes keep on increasing the counter by 1 until a query returns a different color than its current color.

Parallel Chains, a method set forth by the IOHK research team, aims to provide a method to scaling both PoW- and PoS-based blockchain protocols.

Parallel Chains in Proof of Stake settingThe presentation of Parallel Chains in a PoS settings assumes that Ouroboros Praos is the PoS algorithm.

Roughly, Parallel Chains in the PoS setting involved running m copies of the slightly modified Ouroboros protocol in parallel such that all of these copies maintain a joint blockchain.

Parallel Chains in Proof of Work settingA key distinction between Proof-of-Work chains and Proof-of-Stake chains is the complete lack of a synchronized clock in the former.

For Parallel Chains with transaction sharding, thi…

The author of this publication will no doubt be publishing their first edition soon.

In the meantime, you can find out more about Substack at substack.com.

(Publishers can delete this post by finding it in the “Posts” section of of the dashboard, clicking “Edit” on the Coming Soon post, clicking “Setting”s at the bottom, then clicking “Delete Post”.

But don’t delete it something has been published to take its place – otherwise, this homepage will look empty.)

Here are some other Substack publications worth checking out:

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