Чтобы правильно интерпретировать научный текст без изменения его смысла, нужно знать язык на высокопрофессиональном уровне.

Поэтому к переводу текстов, посвященных различными сферами науки, необходимо привлекать людей, имеющих смежную квалификацию в определенном направлении.

Они знают, как правильно оформлять квалификационные научные работы переводят стандартные сокращения, не допускают отклонения от формулировок либо определенного применения терминологии.

Услуга поможет, чтобы:Опубликоваться в сборнике материалов международной конференцииОпубликоваться в журнале, индексируемом в WoS (SCI, SCIE, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI)Опубликоваться в журнале ВАК или индексируемом в RSCIОпубликоваться в журнале,…

Среди всех языков мира самым популярным и широко распространённым является английский — именно по этой причине желающих записаться на языковые курсы по этому языку больше всего.

Но чтобы изучить английский, вовсе не обязательно тратиться на дорогие языковые школы и репетиторов — иногда достаточно обзавестись парой хороших обучающих книг.

Регулярные практики аудирования и устной речиСамым эффективным в изучении английского языка можно назвать комплексный подход, сочетающий в себе теорию и практику в правильных сбалансированных пропорциях.

Можно использовать для этого как англоязычные не дублированные фильмы и музыку, так и специальные обучающие материалы.

Устную речь можно оттачивать не толь…

Уже больше трех месяцев в США не прекращаются протесты против полицейского насилия и расизма.

Десятки тысяч граждан выходят на массовые демонстрации, как когда-то в 2006 году в протестах против закона об иммиграции.

Посредством системы ГИС проект помогает проанализировать масштабы иммиграционных протестов 2006 года.

750 тысяч человек вышли на митинг в Юнион парке в ЧикагоМногие описывают события 2006 года, как «выход иммигрантов из тени».

ИсточникиБолее подробного изучить статистические данные по иммиграционным протестам в США в 2006 году можно здесь

История в медиа, историческая городская среда, даже использование исторических цитат и метафор в повседневной жизни ‒ все это public history (публичная история).

Свободная история», в котором репрезентировалась история современников 1917 года в виде странички в Facebook: адаптированные посты, трансляции и фото.

Проект «1917» в споре о публичной истории«Думаю, что в это время жили самые известные русские люди в мире; они ходили по одним и тем же улицам, встречались и творили», — рассказывает Зыгарь про обоснование выбора временного периода [3].

Свободная история» // Игра «Поговори с Распутиным»Крайности публичной историиЗначение public history обсуждается в историческом сообществе давно: с 1…

В проект включены классическая и популярная музыка, песни на французском языке и в переводе.

А еще — дата-визуализации: где исполняют песни на стихи Бодлера больше всего.

Песни на стихи Бодлера пишут люди по всему миру.

Топ-15 стран, где пишут песни на стихи Бодлера.

Все песни в жанре блэк-метал, написанные на стихи БодлераХотя для дэт- и блэк-метала характерна тема протеста против религии, в песнях на стихи Бодлера нет акцента на Сатане.

Сегодня мы попытаемся сами проанализировать наши музыкальные предпочтения, а точнее, понять, что о нашем вкусе говорит наш плейлист.

Сначала следует зарегистрироваться на Spotify как разработчику, создать свое приложение, подключить его к API, получить информацию о своем плейлисте.

), соглашаемся с необходимостью договориться со Spotify, если наше приложение будет коммерческим и соглашаемся с условиями для разработчиков и использованием брендбука компании.

Там нажимаем Edit settings и в поле Redirect URIs печатаем: «http://www.example.com/callback» и сохраняем изменения:Затем копируем Client ID и Client Secret — последний изначально скрыт.

spotipy.oauth2 позволит нам подключиться к API, spo…

Кто такие ученые, и с чем их едят?

Однако если поддерживать такое отношение к науке как к чему-то высокому и недоступному в общении с детьми, они могут потерять интерес к конкретным экспериментам и науке в целом.

Дети на практике изучают силу трения, наблюдая зависимость скорости машинки от характера поверхности: уедет ли она дальше по ковру или по картону?

Три дня спустя ученые посетили своих подопечных для оценки результатов: насколько мотивированными и упорными в своих научных предприятиях окажутся ученики?

Сами преподаватели позитивно отнеслись к эксперименту и продолжили использовать вовлекающие формулировки и призывы на своих уроках.

Кроме того, есть возможность полетать на воздушном шаре и посмотреть на весь город с высоты.

В принципе, этого вполне достаточно для того, чтобы понять в общих чертах, как выглядел Рим в 320 году.

Тем же, кому это кажется недостаточным и хочется погулять по древним улицам самостоятельно в виртуальной реальности, придется заплатить за полную версию.

Проект Rome Reborn — самая полная реконструкция Рима, не раз был отмечен в СМИ и неоднократно получал награды за вклад в развитие науки и образования.

А для тех, кто занимается историей или историей искусств профессионально, есть возможность посмотреть огромную коллекцию 3D-моделей статуй, которые тоже есть в проекте.

Первые шаги в изучении эмоций были сделаны в середине XIX века — французский невролог Гийом Дюшен был первым исследователем по физиологии эмоций.

Выделяют несколько направлений в сфере распознавания эмоций: непосредственно детекция эмоций, их анализ и воспроизведение эмоций роботами.

Оно призвано продемонстрировать, как работает технология распознавания эмоций, и как эти данные могут быть использованы.

Другие исследования прогнозируют рост доли рынка распознавания эмоций до 25 млрд.

И что помимо увеличения продаж, технологические гиганты и стартапы будут продолжать разработку приложений, помогающих человечеству.

Эпиграфика изучает содержание и формы надписей на твердых носителях: камне, керамике, на металлических поверхностях.

Посвящение Деметре, найденное близ Херсонеса // Корпус древних надписей Северного ПричерноморьяНа сайте также имеется интерактивная карта эпиграфических памятников и указатели.

Исследователи также могут осуществлять поиск по дате, по происхождению, по типу, по критериям датировки, по именам, по материалу и институтам хранения эпиграфических памятников Северопонтийского региона.

Эпитафия пусторжевцу Семену Ивановичу Бурцову (16 октября 1696) из «Свода русских надписей»Проект представляет собой первую попытку массовой систематизации эпиграфических памятников.

На этих перпендику…

Связаны они, как и следовало ожидать, с человеческим фактором.

И далеко не всегда дело в том, что студенты занижают баллы преподавателям в отместку за плохие оценки.

По результатам анонимных оценок у каждого преподавателя на сайте складывается средний балл и профиль с отзывами и метками.

Несмотря на то, что студенты больше не могут оценить привлекательность преподавателей, нетрудно заметить корреляцию между внешним видом профессора и оценкой его курса.

Во всех 25 доступных дисциплинах слово «гениальный(ая)» употребляется во много раз чаще в отношении мужчин (кстати, самыми «гениальными» оказались физики, а реже всего так называли преподавательниц психологии).

Информационный дизайн Лупи — принты, основанные на массиве данных, которые отражают вклад значимых для Лупи женщин в историю.

Использование данных в модной индустрии — не новое явление.

Пример фатального провала предсказания, основанного на данных — выборы в США в 2016 году.

Таким образом получается коллекция про женщин и для женщинАда ЛавлейсАда Лавлейс в середине XIX века описала механическую вычислительную машину.

В наши дни принято искать ответы в «объективных» данных, однако не стоит забывать, что они собраны людьми и рассказывают о них же.

Самая крупная субсидия в 104,38 млрд рублей в 2020 году досталась Сбербанку.

Так более 27 млрд рублей в течение трех лет будет выделяться фонду Президентских грантов на проекты, развивающие гражданское общество.

На четыре года рассчитана субсидия в 15 млрд на выполнение государственного задания центром, развивающем ГАС «Правосудие» (из них более 5 млрд в этом году).

Портал запущен Счетной палатой России в ноябре прошлого года.

Кроме обзора субсидий в проекте агрегируются данные о государственных финансах из разных источников, формулируются профили национальных проектов.

Хороший подбор дистракторов является одной из наиболее важных задач при дизайне тестов.

Как ищут ложные варианты-приманкиОдин из определяющих факторов в задаче генерации дистракторов —их наличие или отсутствие в обучающей выборке.

В LangExBank реализована генерация дистракторов из вопросов, полученных на основе лексических ошибок и ошибок на употребление предлогов.

Возможное улучшение — использование для генерации дистракторов не рекуррентного классификатора, а генеративной рекомендательной сети, как в работе (Liang et al.

В будущем планируется добавление моделей порождения дистракторов и для других типов ошибок.

В конце мая 2019 года специалисты из Центра искусственного интеллекта Samsung AI Center-Moscow и инженеры СколТеха научили нейросеть реалистично «оживлять» портреты.

Интерактивная система также реагировала на действия посетителей, отвечала на простые вопросы и позировала для селфи.

Денис Ширяев и его работыПосле Ширяев попробовал не преобразовывать, а «оживлять» картины.

Самыми известными «подопытными» стали Мона Лиза кисти Леонардо да Винчи и Венера с работы Сандро Боттичелли.

Благодаря этому герои получились «настоящими»: на видео они проявляют эмоции и меняют взгляд, как настоящие люди.

Пример превращения «прецедентного высказывания» из сериала «Парки и зоны отдыха» в мемИсследователи И. В. Захаренко, В. В. Красных, Д. Б. Гудкова и Д. В. Багаева делят прецедентные феномены интернет-мемов на имена, высказывания, ситуации и тексты.

Создатель и главный редактор юмористического портала anekdot.ru Дмитрий Вернер уверен, что «мемы — это анекдоты XXI века».

Участники не улавливали переносные значения и игру слов и не сопереживали героям анекдотов.

Они, как и авторы анекдотов, достают идеи смешных картинок из коллективного бессознательного и инфоповодов.

Мемы стали определять контекст и оказывать влияние как на пользователей, так и на участников политического процесса.

Антропология12 слов, помогающих понять культуру БеларусиПочему снимать обувь, забираясь на скамейки на акции протеста, — это не памяркоўнасць, а годнасць?

В 2000-е годы трасянка проникает и в массовую сатирическую культуру.

В не самых качественных публицистических текстах часто можно встретить метафорическое название Беларуси — Синеокая Например, «Где в Синеокой найти следы Йети?» (из-за большого количества озер).

Не секрет, что абсолютное большинство белорусов русскоязычные, но белорусский русский — как и в российских регионах — несколько отличается от литературной нормы.

В Беларуси Дажынкі — как и Зажынкі, праздник первого снопа, — отмечали с давних времен, причем традиция была абсолютно …

На что ей ответили: «Девочки такой у нас нет, но у нас есть такой мальчик — Лёля Кантор».

И в какой-то момент вдруг в школу пришла девица, которая ее давно окончила, и говорит: «Музылев наби­рает в 16-й школе литературный класс».

Поэтому готовиться было бесполезно, и мы провели время в чтении стихов и в каких-то разговорах.

И я тогда себе сказа­ла: это единственное место, где я не буду задавать себе вопроса, что я тут де­лаю, потому что я знаю, кто я, и знаю, что все это мое.

Это не было борьбой, это были два художественных поля, которые не замечали и не воспринимали друг друга.

В какой круг ада Данте вы попадете?

А лукавые советы даете?

Склонны к раздорам?

А к расточительству?

Пройдите шутливый тест по мотивам «Божественной комедии» и узнайте всю правдуПридумал Кирилл Головастиков

Как слушать средневековую шведскую балладуСлавный рыцарь едет за своей невестой, но на мосту его ждет водяной.

Как и в сказке, придворный мир условен: король может сам стучаться в двери к девице, а рыцарь — трудиться на ферме.

Примеры баллад, которые вы сейчас услышите, были записаны шведскими фолькло­ристами в XIX веке, а некоторые и в XX.

Этот жанр был настолько популярен, что его следы можно обнаружить и в «Божественной комедии» Данте, и в таких народных текстах, как приведенная баллада о мачехе.

Рубашка, «сшитая без иглы», — популярный мотив, встречающийся как у Андерсена (в изменен­ном виде — рубашки из крапивы), так и в известной английской балладе «Ярмарка в Скарборо».

Умная, веселая, женственная, активная и независимая, она всегда оказывается в нуж­ное время в нужном месте и не боится брать расследование в свои руки.

ГероиШёваль и Валё отказались и от романтического таинственного персонажа вроде Шерлока Холмса, и от более приземленных, но безупречных героев типа Эркюля Пуаро.

И все это на фоне блестяще описанной северной природы и рыбацких домиков на берегу моря.

Ее дебютный роман, вышедший в 1998 году в одном из самых маленьких шведских изда­тельств, стал международным бестселлером и был экранизирован.

Роман вышел в Швеции и в Америке, а Марклунд стала вторым после Стига Ларссона шведским писате­лем, чья книга возглавила список бестселлеров New York Tim…

Сельма Лагерлёф — это не только и не столько «Удивительное путешествие Нильса Хольгерссона с дикими гусями по Швеции».

Если посмотреть на Лагерлёф с точки зрения учебника по истории литературы, то она самый яркий представитель эстетики неоро­мантизма.

Если кратко резюмировать фабулу, то Гаэтано жаждет общественного переворота: он начинает участво­вать в революционных событиях и беспо­рядках на Сицилии и в итоге оказы­вается в тюрьме.

Кресло в Академии дается пожизненно, и она получила кресло номер семь и заседала там до своей смерти в 1940 го­ду.

Правда, окружающие ни за что не хотят принимать его из-за этого страшного преступления — школу сжигают, а его отлучают от Церкви.

К 2011 году стихи Транстрёмера были переведены более чем на 50 языков, а его минималистичный язык и лаконичная образность породили множество подражателей.

Неумолчно поет соловей, голос его проникает всё, как пение петуха, но красив и не тщеславен.

Однако слово ligger («лежит») намекает, что здесь весна предстает не как период, а как неподвижный объект.

То единственное, что хочет сказать субъект стихотворения, недоступно: если оно будет высказано, потом придется возвращать его с большими процентами.

Четырехстрочные строфы в начале и в конце обрамляют две более короткие строфы: напряжение как бы ослабевает, а в конце снова наби­рает силу.

Лекции43 минуты1/7 Сельма Лагерлёф: сказки для взрослых За что писательницу любят шведы — и почему это не «Нильс с дикими гусями» Полина ЛисовскаяЗа что писательницу любят шведы — и почему это не «Нильс с дикими гусями»35 минут2/7 Август Стриндберг — главный шведский писатель Как Стриндберг со всеми ссорился, занимался алхимией и создавал новую шведскую литературу Полина ЛисовскаяКак Стриндберг со всеми ссорился, занимался алхимией и создавал новую шведскую литературу33 минуты3/7 Богемный и тоскующий Стокгольм: книги Яльмара Сёдерберга Стокгольмские фланеры и холодное наблюдение за жизнью, плотская любовь и душевное одиночество в романах шведского Достоевского Полина ЛисовскаяСтокгольмские …

ИскусствоВуди Аллен: как начать смотреть его фильмыПочему у Вуди Аллена так много одинаковых фильмов?

В центре его историй почти всегда герой-невротик — рефлекси­рующий, подвергающий психоанализу каждую мелочь, сомневающийся во всем и в первую очередь в самом себе.

Что смотреть дальше1 / 2 Кадр из фильма «Великая Афродита».

Как начать смотреть Ингмара Бергмана Сквозные мотивы и приемы одного из главных представителей авторского кино1 / 4 Кадр из фильма «Воспоминания о звездной пыли».

Семь классических кадров из фильмов Аллена1 / 7 Кадр из фильма «Всё, что вы хотели знать о сексе, но боялись спросить».

Антропология, Искусство, ИсторияКинотеатр Arzamas: «Берегись автомобиля»Модные гаджеты без очереди, новая машина без кредита, свои люди в милиции… Главный редактор Arzamas Филипп Дзядко и журналист Роман Супер обсуждают комедию Эльдара Рязанова, которая, несмотря на сказочный сюжет, рассказывает о своем времени больше, чем кажется.

Предыдущие выпуски передачи «Кинотеатр Arzamas» можно посмотреть здесь

ИсторияПомпеи: 8 вещей, которые мы узнали благодаря раскопкамКаким образом археологи поняли, что перед ними именно Помпеи?

Помпеи, 69–79 годы нашей эры © Livius.org / CC BY-SA 3.0Трудно сейчас поверить, но исследователи не сразу сообразили, что они копают Помпеи.

Зерно засыпали в верхнюю часть мельницы, как в воронку, а в боковые отверстия вставляли каменные брусья, которые позволяли вращать ее вокруг своей оси.

Однако ученые уже давно заметили, что на жертвах извержения — теплая одежда, а в домах стоят жаровни.

Она была родом из Помпей и славилась своей красотой.

ИсторияЧтение на 15 минут: «Глава праВИТТЕльства»Почему премьер-министр Сергей Витте стал героем огромного количества карикатур и мемов, а также объектом насмешек и издевательств?

В Издательстве Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге вышла книга историка Эллы Сагинадзе, посвященная образу Витте в сатирической графике 1905–1908 годов.

По мнению камергера И. И. Тхоржевского, не только чиновника, но и талантливого поэта и перевод­чика, это обращение было одной из «политических безвкусиц» Витте И. И. Тхоржевский.

Так, чиновник И. В. Гурко в своих мемуарах не ставил под сомнение, что Витте выразился именно так И. В. Гурко.

По поручению Витте, В. И. Тимирязев тайно выдал журналисту Матюшенс…

ИсторияФактчек: 11 самых популярных легенд о кардинале РишельеКак на самом деле звали кардинала: Ришелье или Ришельё?

Ришелье и его кошки.

Однако это церемониальные одежды: при дворе и особенно во время военных походов он иногда носил светское платье — это не было запрещено.

Ришелье был совсем старым во время осады Ла-Рошели (а у Дюма молодой)Вердикт: неправда.

Если придерживаться фактов, то ответ — нет: кон­фликтов не было и не могло быть, потому что могущество министра пол­но­стью зависело от поддержки короля Fr.

В глаза бросилось сообщение… на Хиросиму 6 августа 1945 года в 8 часов утра сброшена атомная бомба… У меня подкоси­лись ноги.

Я не мог не сознавать, какими страшными, нечеловеческими делами мы за­ни­мались.

Но только что окончилась война… Я не был солдатом в той войне — но чувствовал себя солдатом этой, научно-технической.

[В день смерти Сталина] в письме Клаве Клавдия Алексеевна Вихирева (1919–1969) — первая жена Андрея Сахарова.

Я не профессиональный политик и, быть может, поэтому меня всегда мучают вопросы целесообразности и конечного результата моих действий.

The dictionary she has edited is undoubtedly great – the New Shorter Oxford Dictionary; all 3,800 pages of it in two large volumes.

It is called the New Shorter only because it is based, though not entirely, on the 21-volume Oxford English Dictionary (OED), which at £1,650 is beyond most people’s means.

She read English at Edinburgh, and then went to Oxford to do a thesis on early Middle English lives of saints.

Does she feel herself to be in a line of Oxford dictionary makers?

She is also glad to be the first survivor of a great Oxford dictionary.

Poor John Crace, not able to use rat runs get to get his garden rubbish to the tip (Digested week, 28 August).

Paul WinnackWandsworth, London• 10 of the Best Meals in Movies in the weekend guide (28 August) and no mention of Babette’s Feast?

This superb 1987 Danish film must surely rank as one of the 10 best, if not the very best.

I look forward to reading Wikipedia in Pictish (Shock an aw: US teenager wrote huge slice of Scots Wikipedia, 26 August).

Can someone explain to me what a Lee Twatwater is (Marina Hyde, 28 August)?

Merriam-Webster has weighed in on the debate over the word “irregardless”, confirming that it is a proper, dictionary-verified word.

Caitlin Curran, production editor“Is irregardless even a word?” is a question many have asked and yet somehow there is still disagreement.

But clearly anyone who uses the word irregardless is an idiot.

Poppy Noor, features writerIrregardless of what Merriam-Webster says, I am wondering, what could the word irregardless possibly convey that the word regardless does not?

Having said all of that, I just can’t abide the word irregardless, I’m sorry.

Kate Forbes, the Scottish finance secretary, and Alasdair Allan, a former minister, said Gaelic had to be given precedence or parity in all areas of public life and the economy across Gaelic areas of the Highlands and islands.

These are mainly elderly Gaels living in the Western Isles.

Allan, the MSP for the Western Isles, said greater effort was needed by Gaelic speakers to reverse decades of subtle or overt pressure to prioritise English in their daily lives, including within Gaelic-speaking families.

Gaelic revival campaigners said Western Isles council had become much more active in protecting the language.

However, its Gaelic committee, formed in February to lead on that work, had not …

If this plan had serious intentions, it would also insist that the only academic qualifications acceptable as university entrance qualifications were A-levels, the exams described by Ofqual as “national qualifications based on content set by the government”.

What was the point of reforming A-levels and ensuring a high level of regulation if private schools are able to avoid them, and get their pupils into university via different means?

More lightly regulated exams such as Cambridge Assessment’s Pre-U have a higher proportion of A*/A grades than A-levels, and are mostly set and marked by private-sector teachers.

Bernie EvansLiverpool• Debate about university admissions timing is perennial; …

The books contain questions which German troops would be likely to put to English citizens if they succeeded in achieving their desire to overrun the country.

Throughout there is a warning that if you fail to tell their soldiers the truth you will be shot.

Some of the questions in the phrase-book are apparently designed for use in cross-examining civic leaders.

A whole section is devoted to questions which are intended to enable the German troops to find their way about the country.

The booklet is similar to those which Germany has produced in the Czech, Polish, and Russian languages.

What is unique is that all languages are taught by refugees.

The service also circumvents restrictions on work for refugees and asylum seekers in their new countries of residence, which means they can earn money.

“Refugees need access to an income, but with no work permit they’re often stuck in limbo.

“One of our Venezuelan tutors told me she’s all alone in confinement, and that her NaTakallam students are the only people she talks to and connects with,” says Sara.

Through their classes, Alhallak and Waugh, who briefly met in Beirut before he left for Italy, have become friends.

“Students will not pick up a natural fluency staying in the UK – the most anti-learning-a-language country there is,” he says.

“A lot of us chose to study a language because of the year abroad.”Forget freshers' week: universities prepare to teach new first years online Read moreThe third year spent overseas doing courses or working is famously the time when language students become fluent.

He spent the beginning of the year bringing back around 200 students from abroad, some from areas such as China and northern Italy.

Partner universities abroad are offering online courses, and some work placements are going ahead online, where employees may be working from home.

The university has also ca…

Sources told the Guardian that most universities are planning for new students from China to delay entry until January next year, with online teaching offered.

Exams, including English language tests required for visas and university admissions, have been cancelled in China, where 80,000 people have caught coronavirus.

British universities increasingly rely on revenue from international tuition fees, with students from China providing the vast majority of growth.

British universities already face uncertainty over links with the EU after Brexit, including continued membership of the mammoth Horizon Europe science funding programme and the Erasmus+ student exchange programme.

Higson said the …

Albert Costa (a Catalan-Spanish bilingual) died in 2018, and this book is a great testimony to his lifetime of research into the subject.

Costa quotes Goethe’s famous line that “he who does not know foreign languages knows nothing about his own”.

But the advantages aren’t only cultural breadth or depth, but also better decision-making: we’re less instinctive and kneejerk in a foreign language, more able to be utilitarian and cold-headed.

But he leaves you in little doubt that the brain of bilinguals is, in tiny but important ways, provably different.

• The Bilingual Brain: And What it Tells Us About the Science of Language by Albert Costa, translated by John W Schwieter, is published by All…

I have enormous respect for the journalism of your columnist Zoe Williams.

I was therefore extremely disappointed to see her speaking of “how hard and existentially pointless it is to run on the spot.

Learning Welsh is a challenge, but it most certainly is not existentially pointless.

I give thanks to dedicated Welsh language tutors and to those in communities throughout Wales who have supported me on this decades-long journey.

This stands in contrast to Zoe Williams’ attitude in citing Welsh language learning in a discussion of “existentially pointless” tasks.

It’s the description of Twi – the Akan language spoken by my family – as “the vernacular”, a term which implicitly compares it with the colonial language, English, and somehow finds it wanting.

It’s a term more befitting of a regional dialect than a nation’s language, with its own history, politics and literature.

Nigerian pre-eminence in the English language is nothing new.

But Nigeria’s relationship to the English language, like that of all English-speaking African nations, is a complicated one.

As the great African-American writer James Baldwin once wrote, “my quarrel with the English language has been that the language reflected none of my experience”.

Last year Rodríguez had to choose eight European universities where she would like to do her Erasmus+ exchange.

“UK students will continue to be able to enjoy the benefits of exchanges with our European friends and partners,” he told MPs.

Erasmus+ sends around 16,000 UK students to more than 30 countries each year.

Those who study abroad outperform their peers in both the classroom and the job market, according to research by Universities UK.

“Taking part in Erasmus gives students new skills that are valuable to employers and that boosts our economy.”

Although this happened decades ago, we haven’t forgotten the look of total incredulity on the face of an American fellow student whom our son brought home for the weekend (Letters, 18 January).

I quickly learned this was not an appropriate offer (he seemed to think it likely though).

Theresa GrahamClevedon, North Somerset• Marika Sherwood (Letters, 14 January) is correct that Peter Fryer’s book Staying Power should be available in all school libraries.

Val HarrisonBirmingham• Join the debate – email guardian.letters@theguardian.com• Read more Guardian letters – click here to visit gu.com/letters• Do you have a photo you’d like to share with Guardian readers?

Click here to upload it and we’l…

Learning a new language should be compulsory for pupils up to the age of 16, according to a new report highlighting the UK’s recent abysmal record in encouraging young people to study languages other than English.

“It was a big mistake to scrap compulsory foreign languages at GCSE,” said Megan Bowler, the report’s author.

Nick Hillman, Hepi’s director, said making foreign languages optional at GCSE was one of the worst education policy blunders in recent memory, and that reinstating them was a “no-brainer”.

“In terms of speaking foreign languages [the British] have never been good.

The report notes that the devolved school systems in Wales and Scotland have had more success in encouraging t…

The gulf between our solitary thoughts and the words that would convey them to others constantly confronts us all.

And Nietzsche’s writings are filled with laments about the inadequacy of language to render his most cherished ideas entirely in words.

The cases in which we use language to construct thoughts might be immune to the paradox of articulation, since they don’t involve discovery of what we were thinking.

Though obviously unsatisfactory as a response to the original problem it was intended to solve, this solution provides a clue to the paradox of articulation.

Whether or not one accepts this solution, the paradox gives us a tool to investigate the process of articulation in a system…

I’m suffering through the heat on the trail of a metaphor, searching for a link in the global gold supply chain.

This journey is almost invariably described as a ‘supply chain’ – a metaphor that’s become so successful that we often forget it’s there.

But when he pitched I2M to his clients, he noticed how their ‘eyes glazed over’ until he hit upon the more vivid image of a ‘chain of supply’ or ‘supply chain’.

The success of the supply chain metaphor is now holding us back, limiting our capacity to solve the problems plaguing the global economic system.

Here the supply chain metaphor does more than just explanatory work – it also shapes our moral response to such tragedies.

Today, Arabic and Hebrew texts contain the same punctuation marks as those of Western languages, although writers rarely use the full range.

In 1900, Aḥmad Zakī wrote the first Arabic novel with Western punctuation marks, facilitated by a glossary and foreword, praising their usefulness in the preservation of Arabic.

The exclamation and the question mark joined their ranks, attesting to a need for emotional emphasis and clarification of intonation.

The semicolon wasn’t the only punctuation mark making history: in 1905, Moscow printers demanded to be paid for setting not only letters but also punctuation marks, which required the same action and the same amount of time as the alphabet.

A mir…

This is one of the first prototypes of brain-to-brain interfaces in humans.

The real challenge for brain-to-brain interfaces is not to achieve some interlinking of brains.

But isn’t asking for clarification exactly the kind of annoyance that brain-to-brain interfaces could help us get rid of?

It is likely, then, that there will be some language-like system for communication and coordination even in the substrate of brain-to-brain interfaces.

In seeking to bypass language, current conceptions of brain-to-brain interfaces seem to be on their way to replicating the fate of the Belcerebon people.

Over this long and colourful history, one idea has proven particularly resilient: the notion that language began as gesture.

In the 20th century, scholars held on to these intuitive arguments for gestural theories, while also introducing new sources of evidence.

Another couple carried out a similar home-rearing experiment with a different chimpanzee, Washoe, but used manual signs borrowed from American Sign Language instead of English words.

It’s that, compared with the mouth, the hands seem to be better soil for the seeds of language.

She reasons that if language had first built a home in the hands, it would have had no compelling reason to leave.

Gibberish – language that cannot be understood – is not quite the same as nonsense.

Gibberish, on the other hand, makes indecipherable words out of the sounds and letters of language.

Yet while they evade familiar spellings, they lean on our intuitive knowledge of how the English language works.

The language of Utopia is an esoteric gibberish, but there are more everyday examples of unintelligible language.

Babies chatter gibberish to us, and we talk back to them as if they had said something utterly astoundingIn the following centuries, English gibberish grows relatively dormant.

Tahitians, in their reckoning of love and loss, and their wrestling with death and darkness, suffered not from grief but a hypocognition of grief.

In my research with the psychologist David Dunning at the University of Michigan, we asked American participants: have you ever heard of the concept benevolent sexism?

A frequently overlooked part of Levy’s treatise on Tahitians is why they suffered from a hypocognition of grief.

In 2010, the Chinese rebel writer Han Han told CNN that any of his writings containing the words ‘government’ or ‘communist’ would be censored by the Chinese internet police.

They simply pretend nothing happened… That’s their goal,’ Han Han said.

J L Austin, a British philosopher working around the mid-20th century, made important progress in trying to classify the linguistic things we do as acts of speech or speech acts.

His thought was that we perform illocutionary acts in uttering meaningful sentences (hence the Latin il); and we perform perlocutionary acts by performing illocutionary acts (hence the Latin per).

We perform locutionary acts in order to perform illocutionary acts; and we perform illocutionary acts in order to perform perlocutionary acts.

If the argument that pornography can undermine women’s freedom of speech is successful, then it presents a challenge to the free-speech-based defence of pornography.

Deciding wheth…

Including our mother tongues.

I keep my eyes on the procession of English letters on my keyboard.

Mother tongues, like any other first love, are very hard to forget.

Even when our native letters appear foreign and our native sounds ring forsaken.

After all, our mother tongues raised us.

Why is it that some of them can never accept that Taylor Swift might have something worthy to say?

Taylor Swift isn’t alone in being accused of faking an accent.

“Music can not be true or false, it can only refer to conventions of truth or falsity.”This is a complicating factor particularly when it comes to country music.

The worth of wordsIn “The Last Great American Dynasty,” Swift pens the story of someone she never knew: the eccentric, wealthy Rebekah Harkness of Rhode Island.

As Swift inserts herself into the narrative’s end, it transpires that Harkness owned the house that Swift later bought.

The remarkable thing about internet memes is that without constant mutation through wordplay, they become, ahem, meme-ingless.

Somehow, through allusion, the meme can convey far more complex emotional information than its simple linguistic structure might suggest.

Internet memes are popularly image macros—often originating from weird or amusing snippets of pop culture, with accompanying humorous text or catchphrases riffing on the theme of the meme.

The original source meme has to have had something notable about it for it to have become popular in the first place.

As variations on the meme become more popular, the relevant phrasal structure is used and reused, without the images.

Countries can take many steps that could act as apologies for historical wrongs—so is an official apology ever needed?

Before Obama, Bill Clinton reportedly did not offer an official apology due to the objections of the white majority.

This can be even more involved when it comes to official apologies, which can have a ceremonial aspect of performance to convey the gravity of the matter.

Perhaps the spectrum over which apologies range, from inconsequential politeness to deep remorse expressed formally, drives some members of the public to distrust official apologies as insincere or unnecessary, while others demand them to redress wrongs.

Apologies that look and sound and speak clearly like …

So how does a phrase that doesn’t actually mean what it says still manage to be so usefully informative?

Arbiters of linguistic style often assume that idioms are a kind of “exhausted speech” that once meant something but has become a set of lazy linguistic shortcuts to predigested ideas.

With language full of idioms, should well-worn expressions like “kick the bucket” kick the bucket in favor of more direct ways of speaking?

On the other hand, older idioms, such as getting “the short end of the stick,” are even more frozen in place.

We might wonder what all the fuss is about a stick, much less the short (or shitty) end of it.

Why are these children’s rhymes so much dark nonsense, and what could it all mean?

In a kid’s world, cooties and other similar contagions may not be real—but they’re deadly serious.

Though it may have a real impact on children’s social distancing, it’s hard to pin down what cooties is exactly, because conceptually, it needs to be many things.

But it’s true that many nursery rhymes are often so dark, so strange, so…nonsensical.

It’s hard to believe the cooties and nursery rhymes of your childhood can reveal so much about the world.

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As with many other recent global crises, there has been a flood of dangerous misinformation, and with it, the insidious “viral” spread of toxic speech through social media.

As Lawrence Besserman notes, being ill in the English language is no fun.

But when we think of weaponized language, often it’s a pretty blunt instrument.

Tirrell considers the idea of an epidemiology of toxic language, conceptualizing language as something that can have the power to cause harm, by degrees, just like a poison or a disease.

For the grace of being another language, Black English speech might have been considered as linguistically civilized as a classical Greek or Latin, or as linguistically chic as French or Italian.

Instead it resulted in intense public backlash and derision due to the still widespread, incorrect belief that Black English was an inferior, uneducated form of English associated with illiteracy, poverty, and crime.

But Black English is not just one monolithic dialect spanning the many millions of speakers across the country.

All along, while standard American English was busy convincing everyone that it was a superior dialect, it’s Black English that’s been a true cultural and linguistic force in…

Different vested interests have manipulated language to downplay, deflect, and shift public attention away from blaming political leaders for ignoring the clear scientific consensus behind the climate emergency.

Morrison’s astonishingly clumsy spinning of the crisis has, in fact, ignited a political firestorm and led to a public and international outpouring of blame.

Sten Hansson’s linguistic case study on blame avoidance in government lays out the many ways that political leaders have sought to reframe scandals and political firestorms to escape accountability.

Political leaders can use a “discursive power abuse” through language to manipulate communication and public perception.

It has ta…

And the tendency toward this kind of behavior is called “cancel culture.”Is the destructive power of cancel culture too much?

Cancel culture is, on the one hand, less severe than these acts of public shaming, because it is mostly linguistic and communicative.

This could explain why cancel culture seems so widespread, so virulently uncontrollable, and so dangerously unstable.

It’s this that makes cancel culture very much a part of modern life.

As language can be dangerous, and as crowd movements can be destructive, so can the cancel culture of “internet mobs” be damaging in the wrong contexts.

Keeping the news in a state of good health, in the age of social media, has become more urgent than ever.

By now, we may think we know fake headlines well enough not to fall into the trap.

It was, incredibly, literally true, yet because it didn’t accurately describe the context, wasn’t it also a kind of fake news?

In identifying misinformation, we often focus too closely on the superficial and obvious aspects of this shiny new concept of fake news—a fake clickbait headline accompanying a fake news article of actual falsehoods.

In one study on subtly misleading headlines, researchers found that headlines can affect how readers remember information and make inferences about the news.

Some of you may know this already; some may have seen the word conibear and not been sure what it referred to; some may not know the word at all.

I learned first in my childhood that a conibear was a kind of trap, but I don’t think I ever saw one in person.

I decided that the conibear must be an old, traditional kind of trap, with an old, traditional kind of name, preferred by those who liked things in the original style.

I guessed that they must be mainly for trapping rabbits, since conibear looks like a compound of cony (which is another word for ‘rabbit’) plus bear.

However, a conibear has more room for error than a guillotine; perhaps we should say a it is humane like hanging.

You see “flinchworthy,” it doesn’t startle you, you know what it means: something worth flinching at.

And there are flinchworthy things.

Or, um, I suppose, do any of several things depicted in Un chien andalou:Not everyone finds all the same things flinchworthy, of course, but if you meet someone who finds nothing at all flinchworthy, do try to survive the encounter and avoid them ever thereafter.

Here is a small compendium of flinchworthy things:Dropping of knives and near-breaking of dishes,Webs that touch faces and toes that touch fishes,Cold slimy celery, telephone rings:These are a few of my flinchworthy things.

Spiders, loud bangs, being tapped on the shoulder,Creaks from dark houses …

This is to say, in other words, and to cut the long short: perish perissology.

Perish perissology!

What is this judgment of perissology, this hard choice between the lush love of words and the militant wisdom of brevity?

So, yes, perish perissology.

So “perish perissology” means “don’t be tedious.” This doesn’t resolve the issue universally, however; different people find different things tedious.

For my latest pronunciation tip, I’m focusing on something that has given me some issues over the years: the names of German philosophers.

One can’t grow up in Canada without seeing their names just all over the place, of course, and yet no one seems to know how to say many of them.

So I called in some help.

Sing along, now!

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Have you, after this social season, attained satiety with society?

Have you had so much that you are starting to satiety things about it?

The pronunciation of satiety is a bit of… a blivet, I guess you could say, in Kurt Vonnegut’s sense of “ten pounds of shit in a five-pound sack.” Since everyone who reads Sesquiotica is painfully well educated or at least is quite lexically attentive, you all know that satiety is the noun for the state of being satiated.

I do not recall if I ever earnestly thought that “say shitty” was the proper pronunciation of satiety, but I do know I’ve long been aware of it as the pronunciation one might expect by analogy with satiated.

I was watching a History Chann…

The first time I saw jape, somewhere in my earlier teens, I was japed and japed again (japers crapers!).

I was not particularly familiar yet with this word jape (I may have seen it in Wodehouse somewhere, but those books were full of all sorts of quaint toffee-nosed terms).

It was a number of years before I somehow learned that it meant the bearer was a Jesuit priest, and when I learned that I immediately thought of Gassalasca Jape and thought “Ohhhhhh.”Which is, really, the classic response to a jape, especially if you are the object.

And jape has the jab of jab and the capering vowelscape of caper, not to mention that it apes ape.

Speaking of which, I would be playing too mean a trick if …

I can’t think of any good reason for this word to be easy to read or easy to guess how to say.

The usual way to make it, on the basis of Greek morphological derivation (which of course we all know, right?

And that’s a word, and it means the same thing as chaoize.

But I think we can all agree that chaoize is a much weirder, messier, more chaotic word (does it not K.O.

And I trust you can see why I prefer the version that’s more patently chaotic, capricious, unpredictable, and all those other things.

But it’s so much tidier and cuter as nulleporte: French for ‘nowhere’ is nulle part, and French for ‘door’ is porte.

Of course a door, even a nulleporte, always has not-nothing on the other side.

Is nulleporte a nulleporte?

But I can speak for the person who created the word nulleporte, because I am that person.

And I suggest using this nulleporte for the best reason for using a nulleporte: because why not.

Notwithstanding – or even perhaps because of – the season, I think many of us are getting to be a little wabbit.

No, I don’t mean Elmer Fudd–style, although, well, come on, here, you may need this:But, regardless of the wiles of Bugs Bunny, if you are wabbit (not a wabbit), you are more likely to be wiped out than to prevail.

No, wabbit means ‘exhausted’, ‘dog tired’, ‘not feeling at all up to it’, et cetera, and it’s from Scots.

I don’t mean Scotch – though that may help you if you’re wabbit (or, on the other hand, it may help you to end up wabbit if you have too much).

Wabbit has been borrowed into English, anyway, so you can use it without having to try to emulate Rabbie Burns.

I’ve been biking quite a bit this summer, and running too, and while this is unlikely to make a kallipyg of me, one can but hope.

My wife, like pretty much all lifelong high-level figure skaters, is a noteworthy kallipyg.

One need not be athletic to be a kallipyg, but it seldom hurts.

It is not always easy to judge whether a person is a kallipyg.

If you can see their face, for instance, you are probably not in a position to judge whether they are a kallipyg.

I expect you’ll be skeptical, but it’s not just speculation: the path from one to another is scopulous, but the view in the end is spectacular.

Which is the origin of scopulous, meaning ‘rocky’.

One way or another, it’s scopulous all the way.

And if you follow the crumbs to climb the scopulous path to the spectacular promontory from which you can trace your trail back with a telescope, do you get a cookie?

I expect you may, if you bring one, but you’ll have to look out for yourself.

This… hodge-podge of hucksters and mountebanks, this hippo-crate of hypocrites, this convention of worms and weeds and watersnakes, this whited seppuku, this monstrous erection of eructations and vice versa, this pond of piranhas, this immoral morass of morays… Gup!

But “gup,” sir?

Mary and gup, you whelp!

“Gup” is a word one says to express surprise, dismay, derision – or to chide a recalcitrant horse.

So “gup” is more readily pronounced than if the g were replaced with w, the u with t, and the pwith f?

As the tipping point is not the vase’s natural state, we assume something has caused the unbalance e.g.

We also realise that there will be consequences when this tipping point is reached, and we expect these will be negative.

It was most often applied to an individual, reaching a personal tipping point and joining a wider group or process in society.

From this study they tracked the changing use and meanings of tipping point in both the media and science.

This suggests that the tipping point metaphor in the media had become more flexible, again incorporating the conventional expression of a drastic change.

In the fifth chapter of her pop linguistics book Because Internet, Gretchen McCulloch explores how emoji became popular as a way of replicating gestures in online communication.

However, many popular emoji use hand and facial gestures, which, McCulloch says, inspired her to begin treating them as gesture.

These gestures don’t have specific names but can be described.

The example McCulloch uses is the range of emojis possible in a ‘Happy Birthday’ message, perhaps a combination of the following 🎂🍰🎁🎊🎉🎈🥳.

We can even repeat emoji which don’t have a literal gesture attached, because, as a whole, emoji can be repeated.

Why is it so much scarier to receive a text saying “ok.” than “ok”?

In online messaging, we tend to use line or message breaks, rather than full stops, to convey the end of an utterance.

One that has is the sarcasm tilde (~), which McCulloch argues derives from the mid-2000s days of MySpace ‘sparkle punctuation’, where users used punctuation marks for aesthetic purposes.

McCulloch calls this lack of punctuation ‘minimalist typography’ and discusses how this is used to convey tone of voice, particularly in the current era of smartphones.

These are just some of the ways in which we reflect our tone in typed speech, from caps lock, to passive aggressive punctuation.

(a) wen mi ier di bap bap, mi drap a groun an denwhen I heard the bap bap [the shots], I fell to the ground and thenmi staat ron.

(b) When I heard the shot (bap, bap), I drop the gun, and then I run.

AAVE has been studied extensively by linguists, who have shown that it is a systematic and rule-governed dialect of English like any other.

They start by closely analysing over 15 hours of Jeantel’s recorded speech, to see how it compares to that of other AAVE speakers.

In the Zimmerman case, Rickford and King show that Jeantel used several preverbal tense-aspect markers in her speech, such as stressed BIN, completive, and habitual.

Through this research, we can see that thanks responses in English are not very frequent on the whole.

This is in contrast to some other languages.

In addition, the sensitivity of thanks responses to socio-economic setting suggest that they are a subtle form of cultural encoding, with common responses in LARC-up and LARC-mid restaurants possibly signalling formality.

Furthermore, thanks responses do not appear to be very standardized, with a wide range of forms being used, especially in LARC-mid and LARC-low.

The fact that the type of service performed elicits differing thanks responses across the different socio-economic settings reinforces the sense that these small linguistic acts are ac…

This is a question that some recent research has addressed.In their recent research report, Elminger, Schwade and Goldstein examined the function of babbling in infants’ language development.

Previous research has suggested that parents’ speech will match the child’s current age, changing as the child grows.

So, in general, it seems that parents may simplify the whole structure of their speech in response to their child’s babble, suggesting that infant babbling really does influence the adult response.

It may be that this immature, pre-speech babble is actually engineered by the child to create language learning opportunities through eliciting simplified, easy-to-learn responses from their …

In other words, would a candidate with, say a Multicultural London English accent, be perceived as less professional or competent as their Received Pronunciation speaking peers?

To create the mock interviews, we had 10 speakers (2 of each accent) record 10 good and 10 poor interview responses.

They were then asked to evaluate whether they thought the answer was a 'good' answer or a 'poor' answer.

The high quality answers are in yellow and the lower quality answers are in green.

So, it's possible that accent bias might influence the candidate's progression later on down the line.

The second part of our study, detailed here, investigated how people responded to recordings of speakers with different accents to see if the same accent bias exists in speech.

To examine these questions, we recorded 10 speakers of 5 different accents (2 speakers each).

Younger participants, however, did not show this pattern.

On the right are the older participants and on the left, the younger participants.

We proposed that the more prejudiced people were, the lower their ratings of the different accents would be.

This new paper extends the data transparency survey method that I’ve been using with the Linguistic Data Interest Group to the journal Gesture.

This article presents the results of a survey of data citation in six years of articles published in the journal Gesture (12.1–17.2).

Keywords:data citation, open data, data management, gesture studiesReferenceGawne, Lauren, Chelsea Krajcik, Helene N. Andreassen, Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker & Barbara F. Kelly.

Data Transparency and Citation in the Journal Gesture.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.00034.gawGreen Open Access version available on Figshare: https://doi.org/10.26181/5f57fddc85ebbRelated research publications on data citation:General resourc…

We talk about her research on accents in the UK, doing collaborative research with young people, and linguistics research jobs outside of academia.

Help Lingthusiasm stay ad-free and get access to over 40 bonus episodes by supporting us on Patreon.

Announcements:We have teamed up with Crash Course to write the 16 video series Crash Course Linguistics.

Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] comGretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic.

Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne.

We talk about her research on accents in the UK, doing collaborative research with young people, and linguistics research jobs outside of academia.

Help Lingthusiasm stay ad-free and get access to over 40 bonus episodes by supporting us on Patreon.

Announcements:We have teamed up with Crash Course to write the 16 video series Crash Course Linguistics.

If you want to get an email when each of the Crash Course Linguistics videos comes out, along with exercises to practice the concepts and links for further reading, you can sign up for Mutual Intelligibility email newsletters.

Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] comGretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguis…

Lingthusiasm Episode 48: Who you are in high school, linguistically speaking - Interview with Shivonne GatesHigh school is a time when people really notice small social details, such as how you dress or what vowels you’re using.

We talk about her research on accents in the UK, doing collaborative research with young people, and linguistics research jobs outside of academia.

Help Lingthusiasm stay ad-free and get access to over 40 bonus episodes by supporting us on Patreon.

Announcements:We have teamed up with Crash Course to write the 16 video series Crash Course Linguistics.

Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] comGretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Lingu…

I would like to highlight Daniel’s observation that social research design is something that you can take from academic research training and apply to a broad range of jobs.

My undergraduate degree is in comparative literature because it was the best way I knew at the time to study languages.

This isn’t linguistics-specific, but it’s also good to have a general idea of social research design.

One thing they noticed is that students who study anthropology tend not to have a specific career goal in mind, but rather they choose anthropology because it resonates with their values.

Your job title won’t be “linguist” or “anthropologist,” but you’re doing linguistics or anthropology because that’s…

I would like to highlight Daniel’s observation that social research design is something that you can take from academic research training and apply to a broad range of jobs.

I loved comp lit and I have no regrets—it’s basically like linguistic anthropology except that you use novels and plays instead of everyday interaction.

This isn’t linguistics-specific, but it’s also good to have a general idea of social research design.

One thing they noticed is that students who study anthropology tend not to have a specific career goal in mind, but rather they choose anthropology because it resonates with their values.

Your job title won’t be “linguist” or “anthropologist,” but you’re doing linguisti…

We’re now selling a limited range of custom design merch adorned with wugs.

The 1958 wug – which is in the public domain – has become a mascot for linguistics; profits from the sale of this merch will go towards the 2021 LingComm Grants.

Our merch with wugs range includes:For more wug links, including Jean Berko Gleason’s 1958 creation of the wug, how copyright and fair use apply to wug fanworks, and wug art and merch by various people, we’ve compiled an FAQ about the wug, which we will keep updated here.

I would like to highlight Daniel’s observation that social research design is something that you can take from academic research training and apply to a broad range of jobs.

I loved comp lit and I have no regrets—it’s basically like linguistic anthropology except that you use novels and plays instead of everyday interaction.

This isn’t linguistics-specific, but it’s also good to have a general idea of social research design.

One thing they noticed is that students who study anthropology tend not to have a specific career goal in mind, but rather they choose anthropology because it resonates with their values.

Your job title won’t be “linguist” or “anthropologist,” but you’re doing linguisti…

I would like to highlight Daniel’s observation that social research design is something that you can take from academic research training and apply to a broad range of jobs.

There are a couple of specific ways that linguistics informs the way I do my work.

This isn’t linguistics-specific, but it’s also good to have a general idea of social research design.

One thing they noticed is that students who study anthropology tend not to have a specific career goal in mind, but rather they choose anthropology because it resonates with their values.

Your job title won’t be “linguist” or “anthropologist,” but you’re doing linguistics or anthropology because that’s who you are.

I feel like being a linguistics student kind of removed me from the reality that some people don’t know what a heritage language is.

I’m currently reading a book (reference in last cube) written mostly for researchers, students, people in the academic realm–and found some things that I wanted to share and that others might find usefuuul.

One thing to note is that the book mostly includes studies done on bilingual heritage language speakers (i.e.

those who to some extent grew up being exposed to another language, and includes speakers who may not have ability to produce but can understand), as opposed to people who did not grow up exposed to another language but feel a cultural connection du…

If you’re not interested in starting a podcast, but want to listen to more linguistics podcasts, I’ve got a list for you!

Use the best mics you can, but don’t over-investYou don’t have go and buy the fanciest tech.

It’s still not the fanciest, but it’s rugged and adequate, especially if you make sure you’re in a closet with some blankets.

You’ll then have to add your show to major podcast platforms (Apple Podcast, Google Podcast), smaller ones will pick it up from there.

Funding a podcast takes time, and takes workThere are three main revenue streams for podcasts: advertising, crowdfunding and merch.

Do your homework, write out some questions, and then take a step back and actually listen to the person you’re interviewing.

Use the best mics you can, but don’t over-investYou don’t have go and buy the fanciest tech.

It’s still not the fanciest, but it’s rugged and adequate, especially if you make sure you’re in a closet with some blankets.

You’ll then have to add your show to major podcast platforms (Apple Podcast, Google Podcast), smaller ones will pick it up from there.

Funding a podcast takes time, and takes workThere are three main revenue streams for podcasts: advertising, crowdfunding and merch.

Use the best mics you can, but don’t over-investYou don’t have go and buy the fanciest tech.

It’s still not the fanciest, but it’s rugged and adequate, especially if you make sure you’re in a closet with some blankets.

You’ll then have to add your show to major podcast platforms (Apple Podcast, Google Podcast), smaller ones will pick it up from there.

Transcripts should be one of the first things you fundNot every podcast has the time or funds to make transcripts.

Funding a podcast takes time, and takes workThere are three main revenue streams for podcasts: advertising, crowdfunding and merch.

I feel like being a linguistics student kind of removed me from the reality that some people don’t know what a heritage language is.

I posted about heritage languages a while ago on my main blog and someone had no idea what the term was, but said it totally applied to them and that they were happy that a term actually existed.

I’m currently reading a book (reference in last cube) written mostly for researchers, students, people in the academic realm–and found some things that I wanted to share and that others might find usefuuul.

One thing to note is that the book mostly includes studies done on bilingual heritage language speakers (i.e.

Enjoyyyy and lmk if there’s any additional questions …

Literate, Official, Lots of speakers) that every lay survey of languages and many a linguistic one too disproportionately focuses on.

From Africa, number of speakers is probably the most significant factor.

about on level with minor European national languages like Estonian or Slovenian.

(For that matter, would you know offhand which of these four NC languages is in fact a national language too, and of which country?)

— I do wonder though how are native American languages picked for popular-linguistics appearences.

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« previous post |A new political advertisement, apparently from the campaign of Kelly Loeffler:The "fight China" part seems to be based on stereotypes of Genghis Khan, since Attila attacked Persia and the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, including France and Italy, and never threatened China.

The "attack big government" and "eliminate the liberal scribes" points fit generic stereotypes of uncivilized conqueror brutality — but Attila's goal was to establish a bigger government, ruling all the empires and nations that he conquered.

This goal is "conservative" only if you think that "conservative" means "authoritarian and destructive".

And the actor's brutish and undifferentiated growls are …

A guest post (guest list?) by Anthony Bladon: A verb walks into a bar, sees an attractive noun, and suggests they conjugate. The noun declines. An Oxford comma walks into a bar, where it spends the evening watching television, getting drunk, and smoking cigars. A dangling participle walks into a bar. Enjoying a cocktail and […]

The Spanish version:Cada adiós es una ola cada pez una distancia cada sombra, sombrero, una tormenta de luz.

At first I thought waiving goodbye was a mistake, on the part of the translator (I assume the poet himself) or the painter.

"Cada adios es una ola" is literally "Every goodbye is a wave".

Ola is a water wave, not a wave of the hand — but it's also a pun for hola, "hello".

There's no direct way to map that onto English — but waiving goodbye does something parallel.

« previous post |From Alex Baumans:I'm getting more and more interested in Chinese pop culture, so I keep discovering things.

I recently watched Painted Skin 2, which is your typical fantasy action movie, with star crossed lovers, a princess, a fox spirit and a lone outpost of the area surrounded by barbarians.

When these barbarians (and they are truly depicted as barbarians, straight from Hyboria) came on screen, I pricked up my ears.

As I said in an earlier mail, my Chinese is next to non existent, but I have watched a lot of reality shows with The9 these last weeks, and this didn't sound like any Chinese I was used to.

After the princess has reached the outpost, she goes to a lakeside an…

I pointed out that there are numerous first person pronouns in Sinitic.

Students who get beyond the introductory stage in learning Mandarin soon come to realize that there is an inclusive first person plural pronoun zánmen 咱们 and an exclusive first person plural pronoun wǒmen 我们.

Tsu-Lin Mei 1988 北方方言中第一人称代词複数包括式和排除式对立的来源 shows that all northern Mandarin dialects have the inclusive / exclusive distinction, e.g., 咱们/我们, yet, throughout the history of Chinese up to the late Tang, no such distinction existed.

Therefore, it must be through contact with the Altaic languages that Chinese acquired the inclusive / exclusive distinction.

Juha Janhunen remarked:The distinction between exclusive and i…

« previous post |An interesting malapropism:The audio exchange:Your browser does not support the audio element.

But it's going to go away a lot faster with theStephanopoulos: It would go away without the vaccine?

Trump: And you'll develop- you'll develop turd- like a herd mentality,it's gonna be- it's gonna beherd developed, and that's gonna happen.

And you'll develop- you'll develop turd- like a herd mentality,it's gonna be- it's gonna beherd developed,The reason for the initial segment-level substitution — "turd" for "herd" — isn't clear, though maybe it's a perseveration of the consonant place feature from the initial /d/ in "develop".

But the substitution of "mentality" for "immunity" i…

« previous post |Seen on the internet:Permalink

« previous post |Screenshot of a comment on a funny video on Weibo:Though the two left-right halves of the Sinographs are stretched out laterally too much for comfort, I couldn't help but read them as Chinese hā hā hā hā hā 哈哈哈哈哈 ("hahahaha….").

Looked at more closely, however, one sees that they are composed of the Korean Hangul letters m, s, u, m, thus "mseum".

ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴.

Suggested readings[Thanks to Diana Shuheng Zhang]Permalink

The first and last characters are easy: xiǎo 小 means "little; small" and lǘ 驴 means ("donkey; ass; jackass; burro; moke; cuddy; neddy").

Hence, xiǎolǘ 小驴 means "little donkey".

That's the rub if we want to understand what Alibaba intends by calling their delivery robot Xiǎománlǘ 小蛮驴 — "Little ??

The article states that the name of this delivery robot can be rendered into English roughly as "little competent donkey".

I tried to replace "mán 蛮" with other words, e.g., xiǎo máolǘ 小毛驴 ("little furry donkey")，xiǎo guāi lǘ 小乖驴 ("little well-behaved donkey")，xiǎoyě lǘ 小野驴 ("little wild donkey")，and it seems "mán 蛮" is not a bad choice with its sense of playfulness.

I knew right away what he meant, but — as always — I'm curious about what causes such off-the-wall typos.

So I asked the student, "What type of input system do you use?

I'm trying to think about how that was produced."

[*This was the first time I encountered this expression, and I didn't know what it meant.]

But I still find it fascinating to speculate why it came out that way rather than some other way.

« previous post |Recently I was doing some background research on Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), and one of the references that Google Scholar handed me was a Semantic Scholar page for J.A.

Willeford and J. Burleigh, "Handbook of central auditory processing disorders in children", 1985, with the following abstract:The handbook of central auditory processing disorders in children that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference.

This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely.

This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative.

So apparently the folks at AI2 got some w…

« previous post |[This is a guest post by Conal Boyce]Chris Chappell finally caught up with you on the nàge nàge nàge / nèige nèige nèige 那个 那个 那个 ("that that that") story from USC that you introduced to the public more than two weeks ago (see the second item in the list of readings below).

(In case they don't say 'hominuh, hominuh, hominuh' where you are, that's something certain Minnesotans like to say, tongue in cheek, as a back-woods alternative to 'er, um, uh'.)

The thought of the hundreds of thousands of dollars paid in tuition, collectively, by USC students or / and their parents makes me physically ill.

I just noticed three very unpleasant characters at the end of the youtube ID (ht…

« previous post |"Wowkie Zhang【Sunshine, Rainbow, White pony】"Note that the monumentally offending Mandarin pause / filler word, "that, that, that…" is transcribed as 内个, which would very clearly be pronounced as nèi ge (sounds like "nay guh"), not 那个, which would be pronounced as nà ge (sounds like "nah guh") or nèi ge (sounds like "nay guh").

After more than a week of silence from the time when I first posted the relevant letters and video from USC (first item under "Selected readings" below, a few MSM sources gradually started to test the waters, until now it is all over the internet — MSM and social media alike.

(from CNN):The controversy has even made waves on social media across Asia;…

One or more of these vaccines may be approved by regulators here and abroad in the months ahead.

“I’m more than 30 years in the business and thought I’d seen everything, but it’s an unchartered situation for all of us,” said Larry St. Onge, global life sciences and health care sector president at DHL, which provides a range of transportation services for pharmaceutical products.

And we've all heard of chartering a bus or a plane, and "charter schools", and so on — but unchartered is an order of magnitude rarer than uncharted (0.12 per MW in COCA), and most of the examples in COCA (70%) are instances of "unchartered waters" or "unchartered territory", with "terrain" and "area" and so on acco…

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

Then, these words are perceived by the leshii, or domovoi, or some other unspecified set of actorless ears.

But reactions—where forces come into being and act in the world—are set off by (among other things) words.

Mikhail Alekseevich warned luliia when she cursed using reference to the devil, “all words will be remembered.” Curses such as, “The leshii take you away!”, were common in the village.

[fn: Every time I asked about the words of a particular spell, they changed a bit.

The practice of magic does not seem to rely on getting all the words exactly “right,” but on the proper positioning of the invocation.]

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

They propose introducing a broader category called “lyfe” (pronounced, in an oddly West Country fashion, as “loif”), of which life as we know it is just one variation.

“Our proposal attempts to break free of some of the potential prejudices due to us being part of this one instantiation of lyfe,” says Bartlett.

It draws on energy sources in its environment that keep it from becoming uniform and unchanging.

He and Wong suggest that some lyving organisms might use energy sources untapped here on Earth, such as magnetic fields or kinetic energy, the energy of motion.

“There is no known life form that directly harnesses kinetic energy into its metabolism,” says Bartlett.

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

byI just finished one of the two great samizdat hits of 1970, Yuz Aleshkovsky‘s Николай Николаевич [Nikolai Nikolaevich].

It was passed around and eagerly copied by people with typewriters, even memorized and endlessly quoted; finally, in 1980, after the author emigrated to the US, it was published by Ardis (which rescued so much Russian literature from official oblivion).

He also falls in love with the lab assistant Vlada; unfortunately, Kimza is also in love with her, and she is married to a third man.

Also, I should warn the prospective reader that there is a new “upgrade” edition of the novel Aleshkovsky produced a few years ago that is apparently completely rewritten; I read the origin…

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

byA very kind LH reader sent me a copy of John Burnside’s The Music of Time: Poetry in the Twentieth Century (thanks, Michael!

Then glozening decanters that reflect the streetWear me in crescents on their bellies.

(Burnside says “‘Mustard scansions’?

In literal terms, I didn’t think so…”) Leaving the general phantasmagoria aside, what strikes me is the word, or alleged word, “glozening”; it appears to exist only here in the entire corpus of the English language.

While I’m on the topic of the Burnside book, I’ll mention a couple of errors that are unimportant but that amused me.

[…] Jennifer Richards’s excellent Voices and Books in the English Renaissance challenges the view of early modern books as objects for quiet use.

Richards shows how the choices early modern printers made in typesetting and punctuating books helped readers to speak them.

But early modern educators had boys practise figures of speech, many of which – like irony – depended on a particular intonation.

Noble women like Sidney, Cary and indeed Elizabeth I were tutored in modern languages as well as ancient ones.

It seems that textbooks have always recognised the importance of drama and alcohol for language learning.

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

This headline appeared on the front page of the Guardian website last weekend and came to my attention via Mercedes Durham on Twitter:Vaccine trials halted after patient fell ill restartIt’s quite the syntactic rug-pull.

The story itself has a far more intelligible headline: ‘Oxford University resumes Covid-19 vaccine trials’.

Cached versions on the Wayback Machine suggest that that’s also how it was originally published – the confusing headline appears only on main pages.

If spatial limits or convention prevented the inclusion of that were, the relative clause could have been favourably set off with commas:Vaccine trials, halted after patient fell ill, restartOr, even less conventionally a…

One day the boy, Willie, is home from school for lunch and sees his exercise book still untouched.

Willie thought in his head, in English, “He is not only a fraud, but a coward.” The sentence didn’t sound right; there was a break in the logic somewhere.

I’m curious about what ‘didn’t sound right’ to Willie in the first formulation of the line.

Are they odd in combination, or would either alone sound odd too?

These questions are pretty much moot, since we don’t know exactly what Willie, or Naipaul, thinks about not only .

A fresh batch of linguistic items for your listening, viewing, and reading (lots of reading) pleasure.

There are a few new language podcasts on the scene, but I’ll save those for a separate post.

A brief history of strange English street names.

Using the Irish language on a headstone in England.

A brief history of word games.

Alfred Hitchcock’s comedy-thriller The Trouble with Harry (1955), amidst all its talk of murder and romance, has a fun little exchange of sociolinguistic interest between John Forsythe (‘Sam Marlowe’) and Edmund Gwenn (‘Capt.

Those who correct others’ speech uninvited often do so in a rude and judgemental way.

Marlowe corrects Wiles gently and off-handedly, as though automatically correcting a child.

The script for The Trouble with Harry was written by John Michael Hayes.

I don’t know if the same exchange appears in the source novel by Jack Trevor Story, but Hitchcock obviously liked it.

I’ve been greatly enjoying videos by Geoff Lindsey, an accent coach from the UK who also gives courses at University College London.

His YouTube channel has about 20 videos to date, mostly around 5 or 10 minutes long, on a wide range of topics to do with pronunciation and phonetics.

‘Most folks are amazed when they see the inner life of speech,’ Lindsey says in a fascinating, Stranger Things–themed primer on the human vocal organs that provides a snapshot of what happens anatomically when we speak:Here he reveals what superhero names can tell us about stress patterns in English compounds – why, for example, we say Super man but Invisible Woman :Lindsey’s older videos are shorter and more ex…

A girl can’t tell secrets in front of girls who aren’t friends, because only friends should hear her secrets.

Because ASL words are formed by hand shapes, they cannot be written as English words can.

In addition to being more efficient than writing to each other in English, using this private language reinforces their feeling of closeness and of the uniqueness of their rapport.

Any two people can devise a private language, and many who are close do.

I can relate to the more general observations on private language – its creation (and loss) in romantic relationships, and also its continual expression in families, maybe especially among siblings.

My limited knowledge of Scots and Scottish English when I was young was based on caricatures in comics, particularly ‘Hot-Shot Hamish’.

Linguistically it has been described as a continuum spanning Broad Scots and Standard Scottish English, with considerable variety in between.

A common misconception is dispatched on the Spellin an Grammar page of Scots Wikipedia: ‘Scots isna juist Inglis written wi orra wirds an spellins.

It haes its ain grammar an aw.’It is wirds that are showcased in Cauld Blasts and Clishmaclavers, a new book by Robin A. Crawford, whose publisher, Elliott & Thompson, sent me a copy.

Cauld Blasts and Clishmaclavers is a constant pleasure, thrang (‘densely packed’) with a …

Nancy: Both SCHIIT and DOUCHEBAGS treat the profanity in their respective brand-name stories.

Go ape Schiit.” “And Schiit happens,” I agreed.” “If you don’t have our stuff, you’re up Schiit creek,” Lisa added.

What do you say, Anne—do Schiit and Douchebags pass the distinctiveness test?

Nancy: On the other hand, if you want to advertise Schiit or Douchebags on the public airwaves to an English-speaking audience, you’ll probably run into roadblocks.

But good luck getting NPR’s Scott Simon or “The View” ladies to talk about Schiit headphones or Douchebags backpacks.

Pull up a chair, my little dears, and I’m going to tell you a sad tale of fallen words, a story about how little dears – or should I say words for ‘little’ and for ‘dear’ – started out lovely and beloved and ended up scorned and scornful.

It also gave rise to Latin carus ‘dear’, which is the source of such words as French chéri(e) and English charity.

And it also gave rise to Proto-Slavic *kury and to Germanic *hōraz, *hōrǭ, and *hōrą.

The meaning of *kury foretells the sense of its descendants in all of the Slavic languages: ‘whore’.

This barely begins to address the thorny and twisted social attitudes towards sex work, of course – it’s just an insight into etymology and the effects of ide…

The book also features what appears to be the word’s antonym: the phrase ass up.

So what do slang experts have on unass and ass up?

GDoS also has two senses for ass up: ‘take drugs’, in US Black slang, and as part of the phrase ass up to, meaning ‘toady to, curry favour’, dating to at least 1970 per the Dictionary of American Regional English.

Wiktionary has unass ‘get out of (a vehicle or building)’, and there are some inevitable half-assed entries in Urban Dictionary.

But you can bet your arse I’ll find a way to use unass in conversation today.

On my blog about British words and expressions adopted in America, Not One-Off-Britishisms, I’ve written briefly a couple of times about “bollocks,” originally meaning testicles and since used in all sorts of colorful ways.

I imagine that the move to acceptability occurred following the 1977 album Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the Sex Pistols.

It’s this: American “bollix up” does not derive from “ballocks”=”testicles,” but rather from an older verb with a different etymology, “ball.” The OED‘s first definition: “Of a shoe (esp.

Also with the horse as subject.” The dictionary has citations, all but one American, dating from 1760.

The expression “balls-up,” mentioned previously, meaning a b…

Rather than see masks as an annoyance, why not regard them as an opportunity for self-expression?

(Hat tip: Jordie Welles)Here’s a highly specific sport mask for baseball fans who give zero fucks about rival pastimes.

Each of these perky designs—I’m a Ray of Fucking Sunshine, Fresh Out of Fucks, and Zero Fucks Given—will set you back $14.

used in place of an obscenity, especially in comic strips.” Logo-adorned swag includes pillows, mugs, T-shirts, notebooks, and, of course, reusable masks.

You can also buy the fabric by the yard for sewing your own masks, curtains, quilts—you name it.

Once upon a time, dear StrongLangers, we made a promise to keep you regularly updated with interesting sweary tidbits from the Wide World of Web.

It has been, we note with embarrassment, more than 30 months since we posted Sweary Links #25.

Not with 30 months of links: are you fucking kidding?

An excerpt:Scripts were sent to Ian Martin, a comedy writer from Lancashire tasked with making the swearing more creative.

pic.twitter.com/Yh3gB7B4A4 — Jesse Sheidlower (@jessesheidlower) May 12, 2020*[Dont forget to say “tennis.” Don’t forget to say “tennis.” Don’t forget to say “tennis”…] pic.twitter.com/X3Ia2CRqkA — David Hobby (@strobist) May 17, 2020*Question posed:Question answered:*How should w…

When John Boorman and his team were filming Deliverance in rural southeast US, they faced difficulties not only in handling the unforgiving location but also in making certain scenes suitable for eventual TV broadcasting.

One scene in particular proved a challenge: Jon Voight and Ned Beatty’s brutal encounter with two sadistic locals in the woods.

According to Boorman, the film’s producers suggested that he shoot the scene two different ways, so that there’d be a version suitable for TV.

That directive led to the film’s most famous line, spoken by Bill McKinney playing Mountain Man: ‘Squeal like a pig’ (squeallikeapig.com, incidentally, was McKinney’s website address).

‘Squeal like a pig’ w…

Where ordinary words water our worlds with a garden hose, taboo words open a fire hydrant.

Cognitive psychologists rely on this fact; they sometimes use taboo words as distractors in stimulus-response experiments to slow down responses in contrast with ordinary words.

So why do we use taboo words in certain circumstances?

Taboo words are charged with a strong emotion and a sense of danger and of breaking norms, and they zap the discourse with that charge when we deploy them.

Language is behaviour, and loose use of taboo language is by definition misbehaviour.

And here in the virtual Strong Language enclave, we’re thinking about illness-inspired swearing.

But in two European languages, Dutch and Yiddish, the tradition of sickness-cursing is alive and thriving.

In American English you “laugh your ass off”; in Dutch you “laugh yourself the pleurisy” (lachen je de pleuris).

(Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the thin layers of tissue that separate the lungs from the chest wall.)

A kramp (a kram, a kortsh) im in layb (in boyakh, in di kishkes, in di gederem, in di finger).

This comes to us from aviation, where the throttles are topped with knobs and are pushed fully forward for maximum power.

First, the OED has no record of the term “monkey” or “brass monkey” used this way.

And third, a pyramid of cannonballs on the rolling deck of a wooden ship is a laughably bad idea.

In literature, in the period circa 1850–1930, we find examples of “blow the nose off a brass monkey,” “shave the whiskers off a brass monkey,” “freeze the tail off a brass monkey,” and Thomas Wolfe wrote “It would freeze the balls off a brass monkey — that’s how cold it gets.” It’s looking pretty solid that we’re talking testicles here.

It ain’t his natural stuff, he couldn’t break a wind-er p…

Right, Wrong, and RelativeA while ago at work, I ran into a common problem: trying to decide whether to stop editing out a usage I don’t like.

But this time, I kept thinking about what makes a usage right or wrong and how we as editors decide which rules to enforce and which ones to let slide.

Even if all the copy editors in the English-speaking world were to edit it out, it will likely continue to thrive in speech and unedited text.

Some usage dictionaries have relied on corpus data to find out what actual usage is, though finding out what usage is doesn’t tell us which usage is right.

It mostly doesn’t attempt to declare what’s right and wrong.

First off, those little dots that appear in words like coöperation aren’t umlauts: they’re diaereses.

That is, the second o in coöperate has a diaeresis over it, but you’d say that the New Yorker uses diaereses in words with doubled vowels.

The word diaeresis comes from the Ancient Greek word for ‘division’, from diairein ‘to divide, separate’, from dia– ‘apart’ + hairein ‘take’.

Umlauts look just like diaereses—you could call diaereses and umlauts homoglyphic—but they’re used in a very different way and have a distinct origin.

For example, the modern German word schön was written schoene in Middle High German (around 1050 to 1350 AD).

Q: As a judge, I would like to know about the origins of “status quo” and statu quo, the former in English and the latter in French legal language.

A: “Status quo” and statu quo, English and French terms meaning “the present state of affairs,” are both believed to come from an expression in post-classical Latin, in statu quo.

Although “status quo” is the usual spelling of the phrase in English whether it’s a subject or an object, “statu quo” is sometimes seen in English writing in the expressions “in statu quo” and “in statu quo ante,” prepositional constructions that are generally used adverbially.

All of the dictionary’s early English examples for “status quo” and its relations italicize …

Q: The terms “gender assignment” and “sex assignment” give me pause.

A: The use of the terms “sex assignment” and “gender assignment” for designating the sex of a newborn child is relatively rare, though an etymological case could be made for this sense of “assignment.”We’ve found only 42 examples of “sex assignment” and 100 of “gender assignment” in recent searches of the News on the Web Corpus, a database of newspaper and magazine articles from 2010 to the present.

The dictionary includes this among examples in which “assign” means to “fix or specify.”The use of “sex assignment” or “gender assignment” for determining the sex of a newborn is relatively new.

By the way, all but one of the s…

She’ll be on Talk of Iowa today from 10 to 11 AM Central time (11 to 12 Eastern) to discuss words of the pandemic.

Help support the Grammarphobia Blog with your donation.

And check out our books about the English language.

Q: My friend uses the phrase “dead-on balls accurate,” which I looked up because of its ridiculousness.

A: As far as we can tell, “dead-on balls accurate” showed up for the first time in My Cousin Vinny.

Here, for instance, is the headline of a Jan. 1, 2019, customer review on Amazon.com: “Dead on balls accurate!

Lisa: Because a split second before the torque wrench was applied to the faucet handle, it had been calibrated by top members of the state and federal Departments of Weights and Measures, to be dead-on balls accurate.

(She tears a page from a magazine)Vinny: Dead-on balls accurate?

Q: John Campbell, a YouTube celebrity offering Covid advice, has said a “vast minority” of young people are not observing social distancing.

Although “vast majority” is a common collocation, I had never heard “vast minority” before.

A: No, Campbell didn’t coin the phrase “vast minority.” It appeared in writing more than two centuries earlier.

The oldest example we’ve found is from an anonymous 19th-century religious tract ridiculing a writer who had referred to Roman Catholics as “a large portion of the inhabitants” of Ireland:“you ought to have called the Papists, at once, the vast minority of the inhabitants: you could not gain less credit.” (A Vindication of the Most Rev.

The Oxford Engl…

[In observance of Labor Day, we’re republishing a post from May 20, 2016, that discusses family names derived from occupations.]

In addition to being old, “smith” has referred to a wider variety of jobs than those other terms.

When it showed up in Old English, the OED says, a “smith” was someone who worked “in iron or other metals; esp.

A document from the late 900s granting freedom to a slave named “Ecceard smith” may be the earliest example of such a byname.

Some scholars have translated the Old English “Ecceard smið” as “Ecceard smith,” treating “smith” as a byname, while others have translated it as “Ecceard the smith,” treating “smith” as an appositive that refers to Ecceard by his occ…

Why do New Yorkers talk this way?

Take one of the sounds typically associated with New York speech – the oi that’s heard when ‘bird’ is pronounced boid, ‘earl’ oil, ‘certainly’ soitanly, and so on.

It retired from high society after the First World War and by mid-century it was no longer part of New York speech in general.

Not surprisingly, the colonists who remained in the big East Coast seaports and had regular contact with London adopted the new British pronunciation.

Thus notions about what constituted ‘educated’ American speech gradually shifted.

You confer a certificate on someone or a certificate is conferred on someone.

The verb “confer” has two very different meanings: (1) to give or present, which is the sense we’re talking about, and (2) to speak together, as in having a conference.

When “confer” first came into English in the early 1500s, it had some meanings that have since disappeared—to collect, to comprise, to compare, and others.

In this sense “bestow,” like “confer,” is transitive, and the object of the verb is the thing bestowed.

Help support the Grammarphobia Blog with your donation.

Q: There’s a poolroom scene in the film Mean Streets that revolves around someone being called a “mook.” I can’t find the word in my dictionary.

A: In that scene from Mean Streets, one character calls another a “mook” and nobody in the pool hall knows what it means.

“What’s a mook?” Movie fans have wondered too.

“Mook,” a term that’s more or less synonymous with “jerk” or “dope,” is at least 90 years old and may come from a 19th-century word for a donkey.

(Random House also calls “mook” a probable alteration of “moke.”)The donkey sense of “moke” first appeared in British slang.

Q: You say the phrase “black sheep” has been used to mean a bad character since the 17th century.

In fact, today the undyed wool of so-called “black sheep” (they actually come in various shades of black, brown, and gray) is prized for its beauty and its natural qualities.

We’ve seen several earlier examples of “black sheep” used negatively, though not quite so strongly.

Laban accepts, apparently believing black sheep to be less valuable than white.

Among the various theories about how “black sheep” became a negative term, the pejorative use of the word “black” in English may have played a significant role.

Q: I studied Latin in school decades ago, but I don’t remember the prefix “ob-.” It came up in connection with the word “oblong.” In searching online, “ob-” has a lot of meanings, as is usual with Latin prefixes.

Can you clarify how it’s used in referring to an oblong shape?

A: The word “oblong” comes from oblongus, classical Latin for elongated.

It combines the prefix ob-, which has a couple of possible meanings here, and the adjective longus, or long.

An ancient Roman would have used oblongus to describe something that’s greater in length than in width.

A: Despite the “s” at the end, “news” is singular in modern English.

says “news” and other mass nouns “look plural but are invariably singular.” Examples include “the news is good” and “good news is always welcome.”But “news” wasn’t always regarded as invariably singular.

This plural use of “news,” the OED says, is “now archaic” and is found only in Indian English.

Singular examples continue up to the present.

Why has the singular usage emerged as standard while the plural has become archaic?

A: That wordplay list, which has been making the rounds online, purports to be from an annual New York Times lexophile contest.

In fact, we couldn’t find the word “lexophile” in a search of the newspaper’s archive.

We also couldn’t find “lexophile” in the Oxford English Dictionary or any of the 10 standard dictionaries we regularly consult.

Wiktionary defines “lexophile” as “a lover of words, especially in word games, puzzles, anagrams, palindromes, etc.” The elements are Greek: “lex-” from λέξις (lexis, word), and “-phile” from ϕίλος (philos, loving).

Help support the Grammarphobia Blog with your donation.

Q: I’ve read that a pocket was originally a small bag tied around the waist.

A: Yes, etymologically “pocket” is a small bag.

It originated as the diminutive of “poke,” an old term for a bag.

The word “poke” showed up in English in the late 13th century, perhaps borrowed from or influenced by similar words in Anglo-Norman, Old French, or Old Dutch, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

The diminutive form, “pocket,” appeared in Middle English writing in the 14th century, borrowed from the Anglo-Norman term for a little bag (spelled poket, pokete, or pochete).

Q: Have the terms “henchmen” and “minions” always been pejorative, as they seem to be now?

A: No, when “henchmen” and “minions” first came into English, they weren’t pejorative.

Eventually, of course, both took on negative connotations in Modern English, “henchman” more so than “minion.”Today a “henchman” is one who unquestioningly, even violently, acts on behalf of a perhaps corrupt master.

Spelled “henxstman” in Middle English, it was first recorded in the English royal wardrobe accounts for 1377-80, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

The dictionary’s most recent example is from a British newspaper: “Demented supervillain The Joker … conducts his reign of terror flanked by trusty…

« previous post |A new political advertisement, apparently from the campaign of Kelly Loeffler:The "fight China" part seems to be based on stereotypes of Genghis Khan, since Attila attacked Persia and the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, including France and Italy, and never threatened China.

The "attack big government" and "eliminate the liberal scribes" points fit generic stereotypes of uncivilized conqueror brutality — but Attila's goal was to establish a bigger government, ruling all the empires and nations that he conquered.

This goal is "conservative" only if you think that "conservative" means "authoritarian and destructive".

And the actor's brutish and undifferentiated growls are …

A guest post (guest list?) by Anthony Bladon: A verb walks into a bar, sees an attractive noun, and suggests they conjugate. The noun declines. An Oxford comma walks into a bar, where it spends the evening watching television, getting drunk, and smoking cigars. A dangling participle walks into a bar. Enjoying a cocktail and […]

The Spanish version:Cada adiós es una ola cada pez una distancia cada sombra, sombrero, una tormenta de luz.

At first I thought waiving goodbye was a mistake, on the part of the translator (I assume the poet himself) or the painter.

"Cada adios es una ola" is literally "Every goodbye is a wave".

Ola is a water wave, not a wave of the hand — but it's also a pun for hola, "hello".

There's no direct way to map that onto English — but waiving goodbye does something parallel.

« previous post |From Alex Baumans:I'm getting more and more interested in Chinese pop culture, so I keep discovering things.

I recently watched Painted Skin 2, which is your typical fantasy action movie, with star crossed lovers, a princess, a fox spirit and a lone outpost of the area surrounded by barbarians.

When these barbarians (and they are truly depicted as barbarians, straight from Hyboria) came on screen, I pricked up my ears.

As I said in an earlier mail, my Chinese is next to non existent, but I have watched a lot of reality shows with The9 these last weeks, and this didn't sound like any Chinese I was used to.

After the princess has reached the outpost, she goes to a lakeside an…

I pointed out that there are numerous first person pronouns in Sinitic.

Students who get beyond the introductory stage in learning Mandarin soon come to realize that there is an inclusive first person plural pronoun zánmen 咱们 and an exclusive first person plural pronoun wǒmen 我们.

Tsu-Lin Mei 1988 北方方言中第一人称代词複数包括式和排除式对立的来源 shows that all northern Mandarin dialects have the inclusive / exclusive distinction, e.g., 咱们/我们, yet, throughout the history of Chinese up to the late Tang, no such distinction existed.

Therefore, it must be through contact with the Altaic languages that Chinese acquired the inclusive / exclusive distinction.

Juha Janhunen remarked:The distinction between exclusive and i…

« previous post |An interesting malapropism:The audio exchange:Your browser does not support the audio element.

But it's going to go away a lot faster with theStephanopoulos: It would go away without the vaccine?

Trump: And you'll develop- you'll develop turd- like a herd mentality,it's gonna be- it's gonna beherd developed, and that's gonna happen.

And you'll develop- you'll develop turd- like a herd mentality,it's gonna be- it's gonna beherd developed,The reason for the initial segment-level substitution — "turd" for "herd" — isn't clear, though maybe it's a perseveration of the consonant place feature from the initial /d/ in "develop".

But the substitution of "mentality" for "immunity" i…

« previous post |Seen on the internet:Permalink

« previous post |Screenshot of a comment on a funny video on Weibo:Though the two left-right halves of the Sinographs are stretched out laterally too much for comfort, I couldn't help but read them as Chinese hā hā hā hā hā 哈哈哈哈哈 ("hahahaha….").

Looked at more closely, however, one sees that they are composed of the Korean Hangul letters m, s, u, m, thus "mseum".

ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴 ㅁ슴.

Suggested readings[Thanks to Diana Shuheng Zhang]Permalink

The first and last characters are easy: xiǎo 小 means "little; small" and lǘ 驴 means ("donkey; ass; jackass; burro; moke; cuddy; neddy").

Hence, xiǎolǘ 小驴 means "little donkey".

That's the rub if we want to understand what Alibaba intends by calling their delivery robot Xiǎománlǘ 小蛮驴 — "Little ??

The article states that the name of this delivery robot can be rendered into English roughly as "little competent donkey".

I tried to replace "mán 蛮" with other words, e.g., xiǎo máolǘ 小毛驴 ("little furry donkey")，xiǎo guāi lǘ 小乖驴 ("little well-behaved donkey")，xiǎoyě lǘ 小野驴 ("little wild donkey")，and it seems "mán 蛮" is not a bad choice with its sense of playfulness.

I knew right away what he meant, but — as always — I'm curious about what causes such off-the-wall typos.

So I asked the student, "What type of input system do you use?

I'm trying to think about how that was produced."

[*This was the first time I encountered this expression, and I didn't know what it meant.]

But I still find it fascinating to speculate why it came out that way rather than some other way.

« previous post |Recently I was doing some background research on Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), and one of the references that Google Scholar handed me was a Semantic Scholar page for J.A.

Willeford and J. Burleigh, "Handbook of central auditory processing disorders in children", 1985, with the following abstract:The handbook of central auditory processing disorders in children that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference.

This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely.

This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative.

So apparently the folks at AI2 got some w…

« previous post |[This is a guest post by Conal Boyce]Chris Chappell finally caught up with you on the nàge nàge nàge / nèige nèige nèige 那个 那个 那个 ("that that that") story from USC that you introduced to the public more than two weeks ago (see the second item in the list of readings below).

(In case they don't say 'hominuh, hominuh, hominuh' where you are, that's something certain Minnesotans like to say, tongue in cheek, as a back-woods alternative to 'er, um, uh'.)

The thought of the hundreds of thousands of dollars paid in tuition, collectively, by USC students or / and their parents makes me physically ill.

I just noticed three very unpleasant characters at the end of the youtube ID (ht…

« previous post |"Wowkie Zhang【Sunshine, Rainbow, White pony】"Note that the monumentally offending Mandarin pause / filler word, "that, that, that…" is transcribed as 内个, which would very clearly be pronounced as nèi ge (sounds like "nay guh"), not 那个, which would be pronounced as nà ge (sounds like "nah guh") or nèi ge (sounds like "nay guh").

After more than a week of silence from the time when I first posted the relevant letters and video from USC (first item under "Selected readings" below, a few MSM sources gradually started to test the waters, until now it is all over the internet — MSM and social media alike.

(from CNN):The controversy has even made waves on social media across Asia;…

One or more of these vaccines may be approved by regulators here and abroad in the months ahead.

“I’m more than 30 years in the business and thought I’d seen everything, but it’s an unchartered situation for all of us,” said Larry St. Onge, global life sciences and health care sector president at DHL, which provides a range of transportation services for pharmaceutical products.

And we've all heard of chartering a bus or a plane, and "charter schools", and so on — but unchartered is an order of magnitude rarer than uncharted (0.12 per MW in COCA), and most of the examples in COCA (70%) are instances of "unchartered waters" or "unchartered territory", with "terrain" and "area" and so on acco…

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submitted by /u/thefizzynator [link] [comments]

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submitted by /u/EdwardPavkki [link] [comments]

I mark /k͡s/ as an affricate submitted by /u/EdwardPavkki [link] [comments]

Contrary to what the IPA vowel chart suggests, any overtone singer will tell you that vowels are quantized. submitted by /u/JRGTheConlanger [link] [comments]

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Merch with WugsWe’re now selling a limited range of custom design merch adorned with wugs.

The 1958 wug – which is in the public domain – has become a mascot for linguistics; profits from the sale of this merch will go towards the 2021 LingComm Grants.

Our merch with wugs range includes:For more wug links, including Jean Berko Gleason’s 1958 creation of the wug, how copyright and fair use apply to wug fanworks, and wug art and merch by various people, we’ve compiled an FAQ about the wug, which we will keep updated here.

Pangrams are sentences that contain all of the letters of the alphabet, like the famous “the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” and the more obscure “Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow!”.

In this episode, Gretchen and Lauren get enthusiastic about pangrams and the further questions that they raise about the structure of various languages.

Tell us about your favourite pangrams on the Lingthusiasm Discord in the #new-episodes channel!

(Or if you’re reading this from the future, feel free to revive the topic of pangrams in the #old-episodes channel!)

Listen to the lingcomm on a budget bonus episode and get access to 42 more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

Transcript Episode 47: The happy fun big adjective episodeThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 47: The happy fun big adjective episode.

English is a language that’s very prone to bringing words to cross over into other lexical categories.

I mean, I just said the “really adjective-y adjectives,” which makes “adjective,” which is itself a noun, into an adjective.

They call them “property concepts” because it’s not clear that all of them are actually adjectives.

I mean, kind of the Greek and Latin one except not entirely because they didn’t actually necessarily think adjectives were entirely their own thing.

Lingthusiasm Episode 47: The happy fun big adjective episodeAdjectives: they’re big, they’re fun, they’re…maybe non-existent?

In English, we have a fairly straightforward category of adjectives: they’re words that can get described with a comparative or a superlative, such as “bigger” or “most fun”.

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about adjectives!

–This month’s bonus episode is about doing LingComm on a budget - plus the Lingthusiasm origin story!

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

So we decided make this episode about how to start a lingcomm project on a budget.

In this bonus episode, Gretchen and Lauren get enthusiastic about how we got started doing linguistics communication when we were both broke grad students.

Announcements:By popular demand, our IPA, Tree and Esoteric Symbol designs are now available on these new non-medical reusable fabric masks from Redbubble.

On our store you’ll find the white IPA characters on black, red or navy, and the esoteric symbols in white on black or green on black.

Listen to the lingcomm on a budget bonus episode and get access to 41 more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

Transcript Episode 46: Social dance of phaticsThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 46: Social dance of phatics.

In fact, someone was like, “Well, you say ‘You’re welcome.’” It’s just like, “Ah.” Yeah, I guess that is an answer as well, but it’s not my first, informal default.

Lauren: I think when everyone is joining in a square dance, you don’t really notice that you’re all seamlessly participating in the same dance.

You had to learn new dance steps and new social dance steps at the same time.

We’re participating in a particular dance, and you’re seeing someone who’s doing this dance, and there’s still space to have the deep heart-to-heart conversations.

The Because Internet audiobook is read by its author and Lingthusiasm cohost, Gretchen McCulloch.

Only there’s one problem: where’s our other cohost, Lauren Gawne?

The solution: we have now recorded a reaction track of Lauren saying “ah,” “mhm,” “yup” and other appropriate backchannelling for you to play on loop alongside the Because Internet audiobook!

Bonus: this reaction track also makes all your other audiobooks 50% more Lingthusiastic!

Get Because Internet, a book about internet linguistics for anyone you communicate with online, right here, in paper, ebook, or audiobook form (and newly in paperback!

Lingthusiasm Episode 46: Hey, no problem, bye!

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about the social dance of phatic expressions.

Different cultures highlight the similarities and differences between music and language in various ways, which we’ve received lots of questions about!

You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening, and stay tuned for a transcript of this episode on the Lingthusiasm website.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

Different cultures highlight the similarities and differences between music and language in various ways, which we’ve received lots of questions about!

New masksBy popular demand, our IPA, Tree and Esoteric Symbol designs are now available on these new non-medical reusable fabric masks from Redbubble.

On our store you’ll find the white IPA characters on black, red or navy, and the esoteric symbols in white on black or green on black.

Also check out our Schwa (Never Stressed) pins, IPA scarves, IPA socks, and more at RedBubble.

Listen to the linguistics with kids bonus episode and get access to 40 more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

Transcript Episode 45: Tracing languages back before recorded historyThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 45: Tracing languages back before recorded history.

I think the language that a lot of people think of when we think about reconstructing historical languages is this language called Proto-Indo-European.

But most of the languages spoken in Europe, and a large number of languages spoken in India, all have this relationship.

Any language that’s preceded by a “proto” is something that’s been reconstructed.

A lot of their words for things in the North American continent became the English words for the items as well.

Lingthusiasm Episode 45: Tracing languages back before recorded historyLanguage is much older than writing.

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about these prehistoric languages that historical linguists have reconstructed, known as proto-languages.

—This month’s bonus episode is about doing linguistics with kids!

Support Lingthusiasm on Patreon to get access to this and 39 other bonus episodes, and to chat with fellow lingthusiasts in the Lingthusiasm patron Discord.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

It’s a truth universally acknowledged that if you put a linguist within 5 metres of a child, that linguist suddenly becomes an acquisitionist.

Child language acquisition is a perennial source of entertainment for the linguistically-inclined – and so is helping any young people in your life develop an interest in linguistics.

Now thanks to Rebubbles new merch line we have ‘ə never stressed’ pin badges/buttons, and stickers.

We’ve also expanded our range of 'Not judging your grammar, just analysing it’ merch to include stickers, as well as all merch options with US spelling.

Listen to the linguistics with kids bonus episode and get access to 39 more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm o…

Transcript Episode 44: Schwa, the most versatile English vowelThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 44: Schwa, the most versatile English vowel.

Lauren: We talked a teeny bit about schwa in that episode, but I have been wanting to do an episode all about schwa for ages.

Gretchen: You also get this optional schwa sound with Es at the end of the word in French.

Lauren: This is where the rules of English syllables interact with the rules of what sounds can go into them.

But the annoying thing – this fact that you can write any English vowel letter for the sound schwa – is also a fact about the structure of English.

Lingthusiasm Episode 44: Schwa, the most versatile English vowelThe words about, broken, council, potato, and support have something in common – they all contain the same sound, even though they each spell it with a different letter.

In this episode of Lingthusiasm, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne get enthusiastic about why the schwa is cool enough to get its own name!

We also talk about why the word schwa doesn’t itself have a schwa in it, the origin of the word schwa in Hebrew and German, the relationship between schwa and “silent e”, and how schwa contributes to an English-sounding accent in other languages.

–This month’s bonus episode is about numbers!

Support Lingthusias…

So maybe I can dismiss these signs of respect because I haven't had to demand respect as a human being.

Oh, that's sweeet; but I'm going to name it after the town in England where my nanny's from, because I'm homesick.

And I still hear a lot of people who cannot remember what you're supposed to call a male flight attendant.

And I've been trying to see if there any particular patterns in the ways that gendered language is gender things.

Could it be that I only don't like it when there's the implication of some kind of social change attached?

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Bombas socks, thoughtfully engineered for comfort and durability - and for every pair of socks you buy, Bombas donates a pair to someone in need.

Allusionist listeners get 10% off the original base game Catan at catanshop.com/allusionist by using the promo code ALLUSIONIST at checkout.

Get started today at betterhelp.com/allusionist and receive a 10% discount off your first month with the discount code ALLUSIONIST.

For 10% off your first air purifier order, visit molekule.com and at checkout enter the code allusionist10.

The Allusionist is a member of the podcast collective Radiotopia from PRX.

Download his songs at palebirdmusic.com and hear more of his composition on the new science podcast for kids Maddie’s Sound Explorers.

Allusionist listeners get 10% off the original base game Catan at catanshop.com/allusionist by using the promo code ALLUSIONIST at checkout.

Get started today at betterhelp.com/allusionist and receive a 10% discount off your first month with the discount code ALLUSIONIST.

Go to squarespace.com/allusion for a free trial, and use the code ALLUSION to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

The Allusionist is part of the podcast collective Radiotopia from PRX.

CREDITS:The Allusionist is part of Radiotopia from PRX, a collective of excellent podcasts.

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Bombas socks, thoughtfully engineered for comfort and durability - and for every pair of socks you buy, Bombas donates a pair to someone in need.

Allusionist listeners get 10% off the original base game Catan at catanshop.com/allusionist by using the promo code ALLUSIONIST at checkout.

Get started today at betterhelp.com/allusionist and receive a 10% discount off your first month with the discount code ALLUSIONIST.

For 10% off your first air purifier order, visit molekule.com and at checkout enter the code allusionist10.

CREDITS:The Allusionist is part of Radiotopia from PRX, a collective of excellent podcasts.

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Bombas socks, thoughtfully engineered for comfort and durability - and for every pair of socks you buy, Bombas donates a pair to someone in need.

Allusionist listeners get 10% off the original base game Catan at catanshop.com/allusionist by using the promo code ALLUSIONIST at checkout.

Get started today at betterhelp.com/allusionist and receive a 10% discount off your first month with the discount code ALLUSIONIST.

For 10% off your first air purifier order, visit molekule.com and at checkout enter the code allusionist10.

CREDITS:The Allusionist is part of Radiotopia from PRX, a collective of excellent podcasts.

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Bombas socks, thoughtfully engineered for comfort and durability - and for every pair of socks you buy, Bombas donates a pair to someone in need.

Allusionist listeners get 10% off the original base game Catan at catanshop.com/allusionist by using the promo code ALLUSIONIST at checkout.

Get started today at betterhelp.com/allusionist and receive a 10% discount off your first month with the discount code ALLUSIONIST.

For 10% off your first air purifier order, visit molekule.com and at checkout enter the code allusionist10.

The Scots language didn’t have much of an LGBTQ+ lexicon.

Read more about Josie’s work on the LGBTQ+ lexicon, including a lot more terms, at bit.ly/lgbtscots.

There are some previous Allusionist episodes that go alongside this episode, including:Oot in the Open, about the Scots language, oppressed for hundreds of years and even people of my generation were beaten at school for using it.

Queer, about the changing usage of the word ‘queer’.

And for Pride month, there’s this early episode about the choice of the word ‘pride’.

Content note: though the episode is educational and thoroughly untitillating - I know, I know, what a disappointment - the nature of the topic is such that the episode may not be suitable for all audiences or circumstances.

About winged penises.

Very interesting history of Holywell Street, the hotbed of Victorian porn bookshops that has since been demolished.

About the Secret Museum in Naples, where the excavated Pompeiian sexual art was bricked up for 100 years.

Read the first appearance of ‘pornographer’ in Athenaeus’s Deipnosophistae, if you so wish…

More information about how the 1939 poster campaign was put together…then taken apart.

This video about the poster turning up at Barter Books makes Barter Books look like the prettiest bookshop in the world!

Most fun way to stabilise bookcases I can think of.

More background about the poster campaign from the Imperial War Museum.

By Owen Hatherley: “The poster isn’t just a case of the return of the repressed, it is rather the return of repression itself.

The Tranquillusionists have recently been recommended in Vox, the Financial Times and the Observer!

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

Let me know how you’re doing; I’m @allusionistshow on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

The beautiful music in this episode was specially composed by Martin Austwick.

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

I am relieved to tell you that today I finished the owl jigsaw puzzle that has been vexing me since the previous Tranquillusionist.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

The beautiful music in this episode was specially composed by Martin Austwick, based on the chords of ‘Imagine’ in alphabetical order.

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

Let me know how you’re doing; I’m @allusionistshow on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

Cursory analysis of the 343 words you submitted shows that the most soothing words start with the letter S, with 70 submissions, and the most soothing word is ‘mellifluent’, chosen by nine of you; closely followed by ‘murmur’, ‘murmuration’, and versions of ‘susurrus’.

And of course all the Radiotopia shows are excellent forms of distraction.

And friend of the show Eleanor McDowall has launched the marvellously relaxing Field Recordings, recordings of people standing in fields.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

PS If you enjoyed Martin’s music this episode AND the word ‘petrichor’:

In the meantime, listen to my other podcasts Veronica Mars Investigations (we just completed Veronica Mars season 1) and Answer Me This.

Here’s an interview about the Allusionist in Podcast The Newsletter.

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Babbel, the language-learning app that will help you speak a new language with confidence.

Visit babbel.com to find out more, and text ALLUSIONIST to 484848 to try it for free.

Go to squarespace.com/allusion for a free trial, and use the code ALLUSION to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

Alie Ward and I cover etymologies of words including ‘buxom’, ‘mediocre’, ‘coccyx’, ‘lacuna’, bust some etymological myths, discuss some broader attitudes towards language, and wonder why so many people hate the word ‘moist’.

You can now listen to all Talk the Talk episodes by copying and pasting this URL into your pod listener thing.

http://danielmidgley.com/talkthetalk/talk_classic.xml

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

BEN: Yeah, yeah.

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

Yeah, yeah, yeah.

We’re talking to pronoun expert Dennis Baron on this episode of Talk the Talk.

(with Dennis Baron)Download this episodePromoTtT promo 2020-02-18 with Tom Reynolds: Theyhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/34128392Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 394: What’s Your Pronoun?

(with Dennis Baron) coming soonReflections on 394: What’s Your Pronoun?

394: What’s Your Pronoun?

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our infamous Leave That In!

We’re listening to your responses on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode393: Push and Pull (Live Q&A)Download this episodePromoTtT promo 2020-02-12 with Tom Reynolds: Pushhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/33954936Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 393: Push and Pull for everyonePatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord MortisHelenBinhJackNigelDamienDustinLarryMichaelWhitneyGillesYou’re helping us to keep the talk happening!

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our in…

Daniel and Ben are speaking to Jane Setter, author of Your Voice Speaks Volumes, on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode391: Your Voice (with Jane Setter)Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2020-02-04 with Tom Reynolds: Voicehttps://www.patreon.com/posts/33819937Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 392: Your Voice (with Jane Setter) for everyoneReflections on 392: Your Voice for patronsLeave That In!

392: Voice (with Jane Setter) for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord MortisHelenBinhJackNigelDamienDustinLarryMic…

It’s Word of the Year time, and there are more words than ever before.

We bring you the results from the yearly American Dialect Society vote, and from dictionaries around the world on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode391: Words of the Year 2019Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-01-28 with Tom Reynolds: WotY2019https://www.patreon.com/posts/ttt-promo-2019-33513355Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 391: Words of the Year 2019 for everyoneLeave That In!

391: WotY2019 for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAidieCarolinChrisLyssaKateTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord Mo…

Just about every week, we bring you the Words of the Week.

Which word from 2019 will listeners vote to make Talk the Talk‘s Word of the Year?

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our infamous Leave That In!

Show notesWhich of our Words of the Week should become the Talk the Talk Word of the Week of the Year?

pic.twitter.com/oYOGjPKvRr — Talk the Talk (@talkpod) December 2, 2019 Twitter threadWhich of our Words of the Week should become the Talk the Talk Word of the Week of the Year?They're all here as… Posted by Talk the Talk on Monday, December 2, 2019 Facebook threadA literal paradox: “literally” generally mean…

All on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode389: Mailbag of PronounsDownload this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-12-03 with Tom Reynolds: Disgruntledhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/32138603Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 389: Mailbag of Pronouns for everyoneLeave That In!

389: Mailbag for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyAndyBinhBobDamienDustinElíasHelenJackKittyKristoferLarryLord MortisMattMichaelWhitneyYou’re helping us to keep the talk happening!

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, …

George and Joey Windsor use the various names of COVID-19 as a jumping off point to talk about naming diseases.

Note that this episode was recorded in May, and quite a lot has changed in the intervening time.

Top of Show Greeting: ChátsuSpecial mentions (from top of show note): A list of BLM charities, When We Stay In, Corley English (YouTube, Bilibili, website)LInks and Resources:

Links:Script:Welcome to Conlangery, the podcast about constructed languages and the people who create them.

In what time I have, I’ve been able to do a little bit of conlanging, and I wanted to share a little bit about my plans there.

Before we get to that, Conlangery is entirely supported by our patrons on Patreon.

I’m going to link to the Google Docs where I’m working on these languages so people can look at what I’ve done so far.

I’m probably going to be seeking feedback about my migrations and such, as I’m getting a bit out of my depth there.

George brings on David J Peterson and Jesse Sams to talk about their new livestreaming adventure, LangTime Studio.

Top of Show Greeting: NekāchtiTranscript

So, “The river runs north,” versus, “I ran a six-minute mile.” I think that’s a pretty clear example.

George: That’s really interesting the way that you do that.

That’s really interesting, especially taking into consideration that it is a posteriori and so you had to work within historical context.

George: That’s great.

Follow us on Facebook, Tumblr, and Twitter by searching for “Conlangery.” Conlangery is entirely supported by our patrons at Patreon.

George brings on two conlanger DMs, Joey Windsor and David J Peterson, to discuss how to incorporate conlanging into Dungeons and Dragons and other role-playing games.

Joey: Well, I’m gonna take the cue like, George, you already brought out Matt Colville as a DM.

Joey: Not as much as I want to, and I think that’s a matter of time.

So, you’re definitely gonna have more than one spouse unless you’re gonna be living a long, lonely time if there’s intermarriage there.

David: Well, I mean, anything that’s in D&D, that’s just the way it starts, right?

George talks a little bit about how choosing a theme for Lexember can be helpful for your conlanging.

I went on social media recently to ask what people wanted covered before Lexember and got some great suggestions.

Other ideas I had were perfume- or glass-manufacture (I ultimately used glass as my 2018 Lexember theme) or river-faring and boatbuilding.

That said, I think that using a theme for your lexember words is a particularly good way to encourage more onomasiological thinking in the process.

Other ideas I had were perfume- or glass-manufacture (I ultimately used glass as my 2018 Lexember theme) or river-faring and boatbuilding.

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В комментариях справедливо уточнили, что речь не о шотландском гэльском, а о германском варианте (scots), который больше похож на английский, но явно не до степени смешения.

Пользователь Реддита выяснил, что почти все статьи Википедии, написанные на шотландском — языковая бессмыслица. Один и тот же человек на протяжении многих лет «переводил» английские статьи на шотландский, пользуясь единственным онлайн-словарем. Если слово не находилось, то его просто оставляли на английском. Самое веселое, что редактировал все это американец, в принципе не владеющий языком. В результате, шотландская Википедия выглядит так, как если бы Дэвид Теннант читал вслух ее английскую версию.

Придется поделиться с вами и @lingvojokes этим, не могу больше держать такое сокровище у себя

✅ Порция лингвоссылок: ➡️ Откуда взялись автомобилистки, авиаторши и циклистки на Снобе — опять о феминитивах. Помимо авиаторш и авиаторок, бывают еще и авиатрисы, оказывается. Местами все это напоминает попытки сказать «человек, который спит» одним словом: спатель, спун, спец, спляк. ➡️ Очередной нейросервис — This Word Does Not Exist (видимо, младший брат нашумевшего This Person Does Not Exist). Конструирует несуществующие слова, неотличимые от существующих. Они настолько похожи на «настоящие», что даже хочется проверить в словаре — действительно ли они не существуют. ➡️ Мы тут недавно рассуждали о принципиальной разнице между диалектами английского и русского. А вот пост на Хабре об отли…

Канадская романистка с волшебным именем Эмили Сэнт-Джон Мэндел узнала, как растёт доля книг со словом girl в названии и написала об этом статью «Исчезнувшая девушка с татуировкой дракона в поезде». Там много забавной статистики.

— только каждую пятую из таких книг пишет мужчина;

— 65% из заглавных girls —вполне себе великовозрастные женщины;

— зато в книгах авторов-мужчин заглавная girl втрое чаще погибает или пропадает;

— и, наконец, самое страшное: похоже, что пик тренда ещё не достигнут, и нам предстоит ещё прочитать много книг про девушек с разными татуировками в разных видах транспорта. http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-gone-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-on-the-train/

Сайт словаря Merriam-Webster предлагает небольшой и увлекательный квиз по названиям английских цветов. Очень пригодятся знания романских языков: в корнях слов всплывают латынь, испанский, французский и многие другие. Удачи!

Поделюсь еще одним маленьким личным достижением. Гигант мысли и повелитель клавиатуры @vas3k_channel запустил Infomate — личную RSS-ленту по разным тематикам. В чем соль: если вы интересуетесь технологиями, блокчейном или маркетингом, то теперь есть одностраничные подборки, где собраны главные медиа, блоги, сабреддиты и ютуб-каналы по этим темам. Подборки обновляются раз в час, поэтому не нужно открывать десять сайтов, теперь достаточно одной страницы. Я решила немного выделиться на фоне технарей и айтишников и собрала свою подборку по лингвистике. Помимо классных подкастов, комиксов и серьезных изданий (передаю привет @sysblok!) там есть телеграм-каналы коллег @lingvojokes, @glazslov, @lin…

Владислав Демьянов ведёт параллельный русско- и украиноязычный канал о переводе и локализации. Нашла там советы Нетфликса по субтитрам, дубляжу и адаптации аудио- и видеоконтента. Будет хорошим подспорьем для всех, кто увлекается переводом сериалов и фильмов. @translation_localization

@pereklad_lokalizatsiya

❤️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktidpf8Cx0I

Ксенолингвистика — не очень точная наука, которая готовит нас ко встрече с Чужими. Почему стоит слать сообщения в космос, кто лучше всех справится с инопланетянами и как самому стать пришельцем? https://knife.media/speaking-with-aliens/

Поделюсь с вами важной для себя статьей, где я наконец-то смогла свести две большие любви: лингвистику и космос. Статья большого успеха не имела, в комментариях прекрасно писали «нахера нам знать это неприменимое к жизни фуфло» (орфография авторская). Не буду спойлерить фильм «Прибытие», только скажу, что можно и с инопланетянами пообщаться, и личную жизнь устроить. Да и вообще, может Чужой на самом деле милашка, надо было с ним просто поговорить нормально, а не орать сразу.

На выходе может получиться такая красота

Генератор искусственных языков бесплатно создаёт глоссарий из 200 слов, в платной версии - из 4000. Есть возможность устанавливать свои правила, выбирать нужные фонемы, орфографию и грамматику и сверяться с подробной таблицей IPA.

Красота: новая лунная программа NASA названа в честь богини Артемиды — сестры Аполлона.

​​Этих ребят не остановить! С-Е-Г-О-Д-Н-Я в 10:30 начнется трансляция лучшей конференции для журналистов МЕДИАЗАВТРА — событие, которое нельзя пропустить, даже если ты в домике. 15 топовых медиаэкспертов в прямом эфире расскажут, как создавать успешные проекты, которые любит аудитория, как использовать тренды во благо себе и изданиям и что такое независимая журналистика в новом мире. В гостях: ⭐️ Владимир Познер, журналист и телеведущий

⭐️ Алексей Пивоваров, журналист, создатель YouTube-канала «Редакция»

⭐️ Лика Кремер, сооснователь студии подкастов «Либо/либо»

⭐️ Максим Ильяхов, редактор И другие замечательные люди, о которых вы узнаете совсем скоро! Подписывайся на канал МЕДИАЗАВТРА и лов…

https://www.instagram.com/p/CFZwKnxnG43/

Парк в штате Вашингтон, за фото спасибо Наташе

Не падайте духом, товарищ Ресепшин.

ужасно надоел этот мем, но тут хорошо! twitter.com/Lana_Ipekakuana/status/1307614913712578567

twitter.com/kirillvasill/status/1306904988606779397

Каждый раз смешно, #извините

Впервые вижу такое в телеграме: Филармония Шостаковича завела канал, популяризирующий академическую музыку. В программе: 🎵 Spotify-плейлист https://t.me/philharmonia/43 с музыкой, которую любил Достоевский, 🎵 наглядное объяснение https://t.me/philharmonia/40?single, чем современное исполнение отличается от аутентичного (спойлер: нота "ля" стала выше!) 🎵 подкаст https://t.me/philharmonia/24 с музыковедом Анной Виленской о том, с чего начать слушать классику 🎵 6 переписок выдающихся музыкантов https://t.me/philharmonia/63 🎵 красивейший французский комикс о Моцарте https://t.me/philharmonia/44 t.me/philharmonia (это не реклама, это из любви к искусству)

twitter.com/zhebit/status/1306536545952858112

twitter.com/lenamex/status/1306276238605062147

Нижний Новгород, фото Ирины Фуфаевой

Вы знали, что существует русский перевод песни "Singing in the rain?" Нет, не из настоящего перевода мюзикла, который идёт в России. Всем известная песня, которая буквально повторяет слова: _Let the stormy clouds chase

Everyone from the place,

Come on with your rain,

I've got a smile on my face!

I'll walk down the lane

With a happy refrain,

Just singin', singin' in the rain!_

(Пускай все бегут по домам, а я буду улыбаться и петь под дождём.) Не знаете? Да знаете. Ребята, Дон Локвуд — это крокодил Гена.

Название канала понравилось

t.me/notafreud

twitter.com/AkiraAwesome/status/1301618217937514500

РЕВОЛЮЦИИ Уже довольно давно в отечественном официально-патриотическом публицистически-новостном дискурсе слово «революция» перестало употребляться само по себе — только в составе словосочетания «цветная революция». То есть любое народное волнение стало мыслиться как результат вредительской работы неких западных политтехнологов. В связи с этим вспоминается одна древняя история. Когда-то в нескольких языках майя в Мексике слово čih значило 'олень'. После того, как европейские захватчики завезли на континент овец, последних стали называть tunim čih или tušnok' čih 'хлопковый олень'. Со временем овец делалось все больше и больше, к ним привыкли — и отбросили ненужное уточнение; так čih преврат…

КОЕ-ЧТО О БРАТЕ ЛОРЕНЦО Вновь вошедшие в моду отравления заставляют обратиться к театральной классике — их истокам. Брат Лоренцо, одно из главных действующих лиц трагедии Уильяма Шекспира «Ромео и Джульетта», всегда остается немного в тени. Настолько в тени, что даже сам его заявленный в предыдущем предложении статус, может вызвать у неподготовленного читателя удивление. Между тем у нас, кажется, есть веские основания полагать, что гибель обоих влюбленных организована и срежиссирована (разумеется, из лучших побуждений) именно им — тем, кого в исследовательской литературе называют подлинным христианином, мудрым и проницательным. Рассмотрим только факты. 1. Брат Лоренцо, после недолгого жеман…

​​МЫШ ИЛИ МЫШЬ Сказка Льюиса Кэрролла Alice's adventures in Wonderland вышла на английском языке в 1865 году. С тех пор она неоднократно переводилась и перекладывалась на русский. Мы просмотрели следующие переводы: (1) Алиса в стране чудес (перевод Н. Демуровой),

(2) Алиса в стране чудес (перевод Б. Заходера),

(3) Аня в стране чудес (перевод-пересказ В. Набокова),

(4) Приключения Алисы в Стране Чудес (перевод Ю. Нестеренко),

(5) Приключения Алисы в Стране Чудес (перевод Н. Старилова),

(6) Алиса в Стране Чудес (перевод А. Кононенко). Нас интересовал вот какой важный вопрос. В некоторых русских вариантах мышь Соня фигурирует как существо женского рода (1, 2, 4), а в некоторых — как существо м…

​​ЖИВАЯ ЦИФРА Из одного (реального) исследования средней продолжительности жизни, опубликованного в 1835 году. Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

АНТЕРЕСНЫЕ СЛОВА Заимствования могут попадать в диалекты по-разному. Первый путь — они могут прийти из языков тех народов, с которыми непосредственно контактируют носители диалекта. Второй путь — они могут прийти из литературного языка, который в свою очередь эти слова заимствовал из каких-либо языков. Во втором случае иноязычные слова, которые нам знакомы из литературного языка, могут подвергаться разнообразным преобразованиям, прежде всего фонетическим. Вот, например, несколько слов, записанных в говорах Среднего Приобья (Томская и Кемеровская области) во время экспедиций 1946 — 1978 гг. Сможете ли вы распознать в них знакомые вам слова литературного языка? Иритетный На́лист Шланг Гиблия Л…

​​НА ИЛИ В Корпусные данные свидетельствуют, что стихийно формирующаяся традиция употребления такова: «на ютуб-канале», но «в телеграм-канале». Кажется, здесь можно видеть признак того, что в случае с двумя этими медиа актуализируются два разных значения слова «канал»: ютуб — 'линия связи, коммуникации', телеграм — 'извилистый сосуд, орган, полость, через которые проходят те или иные вещества'. Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

КАК У НАШИХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ СЛЕТАЛА ШЛЯПА «Подъезжая к Белеву, сделался мне прелютейший обморок».

(Д. И. Фонвизин) «Подъезжая к Оханску, везде почти поля, и селения очень часты».

(А. Н. Радищев) «Однако же, подъезжая к реке, множество отпряженных телег не оставили в нас никакого сомнения относительно дурного состояния моста».

(П. П. Вяземский) «Подъезжая к Шмелеву, у меня так и забилось сердце».

(И. И. Панаев) «Все это было сделано, подъезжая к деревне».

(А. И. Герцен) «Подъезжая к самому укреплению, открывается зеленая широкая полоса камыша, и кой-где из темной зелени выглядывает серебристая Сырдарья».

(Т. Г. Шевченко) «В аллее, и уже подъезжая к отелю, у ней начали вырываться восклицания…»

(Ф. …

С ЧЕМ ОХОТИТЬСЯ НА ТРОЛЛЕЙ Статья о том, как интернет-тролли быстро выдают себя — вне зависимости от языка, на котором пишут. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236832

МИССИЯ: ПЕРЕВЕСТИ ТОСКУ «Капитанская дочка», перевод: Marie H. de Zielinska, 1877 Тоска взяла меня; я отошел от окошка и лег спать без ужина…

I turned from the window, seized by BITTER SADNESS, and went to bed without supper…

-------------------------------- «Герой нашего времени», перевод: J. H. Wisdom, Marr Murray, 1916 … и тоска овладела мной; и, тоскуя, просиживал я на утесе целые дни…

… and YEARNING has taken possession of me, in my ANGUISH I have spent whole days on the cliffs…

-------------------------------- «Белые ночи», перевод: Constance Garnett, 1918 С самого утра меня стала мучить какая-то удивительная тоска.

From early morning I had been oppressed by a strange DESPONDENCY. … и…

КАК НЕНАРОКОМ НЕ ВЫДАТЬ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ТАЙНЫ, ЕСЛИ ВЫ ЗАНИМАЕТЕСЬ ФИЛОЛОГИЕЙ 1. Помните, что русский язык является государственным языком Российской Федерации, поэтому сбор и распространение любых сведений о его структуре и функционировании могут быть расценены как государственная измена. 2. Не думайте, что осторожность надо проявлять лишь при изучении синхронного состояния русского языка. История языка способна дать врагам ключи к осмыслению его нынешнего положения. В связи с этим не заблуждайтесь относительно того, будто древнерусский язык может хранить только какие-то древние государственные тайны. 3. Особенно берегитесь исследования диалектного варьирования русского языка. От него руко…

ТВОЕ ЛИЦО «Рот» этимологически связан с «рыть», «рыло»; это то, чем роют. «Губа» этимологически то же, что диал. «губа» ‘гриб’, это такой же нарост на лице, как какой-нибудь гриб на дереве. «Голова» этимологически родственно слову «желвак», это такая твердая шишка на теле. «Глаз» этимологически означает ‘круглый камень’, ‘шар’. И без того трудно смотреть в зеркало, а тут еще эта этимология. Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

КОПЬЕНОСЦЫ Слово «фриланс», то есть англ. freelance, буквально «свободный копьеносец», придумал Вальтер Скотт, обозначая им в романе «Айвенго» средневекового воина, свободного от обязательств перед каким-либо сюзереном. В русском переводе вальтер-скоттовское Free Lances передано как «вольная дружина». Переносное значение у этого существительного возникло в 1860-е гг., в начале XX века оно было осмыслено как глагол, откуда и freelancer, то есть «фрилансер». Человек с копьем и в русском языке оставил следы. Такое изображение было вычеканено на монетах, которые получили название «копейка». Неприятная ассоциация для фрилансеров. Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ СОННИК Мы получаем много писем с просьбами растолковать значение какого-нибудь лингвистического сна. Следуя пожеланиям читателей, публикуем первую часть лингвистического сонника. Если вам приснился суффикс, ждите визита неприятного человека. Видеть во сне приставку означает пополнение в семье. Если женщина во сне увидела имперфект, значит скоро ее возлюбленный надоест ей. Если приснился Зализняк — встреча со стариком в казенном доме. Интонационная конструкция №4 — скандал в семье. Если вам приснилась фонема , будет спор со столичными жителями, затем совместная безобразная пьянка вплоть до потери человеческого облика. Видеть во сне страдательный залог — наступают трудные врем…

АРХИКАКОС Древнегреческий глагол ἄρχω ‘быть первым, начинать’, ‘иметь власть’ не только дал отглагольные существительные ἀρχός ‘начальник, вождь’ и ἀρχή ‘начало, первопричина’, ‘власть’, от которого в свою очередь возникли слова ἀρχαϊκός ‘древний’, ἀρχαϊσμός ‘устаревшее явление’, ἀρχεῖον ‘место начальников’ > ‘присутственное место’ (ср. наши «(мон)арх», «архаичный», «архаизм», «архив» — последнее уже в латинизированной форме), но и выделил в распоряжение языков мира свою начальную часть ἀρχ- (варианты — ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-), которые стали выступать во множестве сложений, передавая значение ‘начальный’, ‘древнейший’, ‘главный’. В русском языке много слов с этими начальными компонентами, которые поп…

Максим Руссо написал подробную статью об истории присвоения имен циклонам: https://polit.ru/article/2020/09/21/ps_cyclone/

Эксперимент над википедией — как статья о городе влияет на туризм. Удивительных выводов нет, но вдруг вы сомневались в значимости википедии: https://t.me/staroderevenskiy/4107

Не падайте духом, товарищ Ресепшин.

Узнал, что транспортная карта в Сочи называется «Пальма». А в Сан-Франциско транспортная карта называется Clipper в честь парусников (это символически отражено и в их дизайне). В англовики есть список транспортных карт по странам (List of smart cards). Он не очень качественный и явно неполный, но некоторое представление об именовании карт составить можно. В общем, если вы придумываете интересное название, то воздержитесь от слов go, smart, touch. От слова карта/card вы вряд ли куда-то денетесь. Но интересные названия попадаются — и московская Troika по мировым меркам названа очень удачно.

А вот ещё небольшая топонимическая новость. В городе Шэньчжэне (это который рядом с Гонконгом) открыли станцию метро «Хуавэй» (华为). Да, названа в честь коммуникационной компании Huawei, у которой там рядом офис. Так можно.

Узнал, что месяц сентябрь по-турецки называется «эйлюль». Как я понимаю, сирийское происхождение (где-то там от слова «урожай»): https://t.me/TurkMoustache/581

Иногда смотришь на написание слов на каком-нибудь языке (скажем, английском или французском), потом на произношение — и не веришь, что произношение может так сильно уехать незаметным для всех образом. Но послушайте, как американцы (а иногда и британцы) произносят сейчас слово people. Очень часто это не «пипл», а «пхипл». И никто не замечает.

Ну наконец-то: https://meduza.io/feature/2020/08/08/belorussiya-ili-belarus

Как минимум, пара десятков сообщений по Ctrl+Enter на сочетании «на Украине» — мои.

https://meduza.io/feature/2020/08/06/iz-za-microsoft-excel-uchenym-prishlos-pereimenovat-27-chelovecheskih-genov-programma-putala-ih-nazvaniya-s-datami

В русском языке большая транспортная станция называется «вокзал» в честь английской станции Vauxhall. А в современном эстонском языке станция называется jaam в честь древнерусского слова «ям». Откройте, например, карту Таллинна, и там по-русски будет написано «Балтийский вокзал» и рядом по-эстонски Balti jaam. На самом деле, слово «ям» не исконно русское, а чуть ли не монгольское (систему ямов ввели при монголо-татарах).

В Новой Шотландии в Канаде есть место с такими улицами: This Street, That Street, The Other Street: https://twitter.com/qikipedia/status/1287281499914600450

Партизанское переименование улицы в Берлине: https://twitter.com/dw_russian/status/1284850060023476224

У компании Reebok имеется отдельный бренд Weebok для маленьких детей — потому что они "r" не выговаривают

#sözler #слова Всё знают, что Средиземное море турки называют Ак Дениз (Ak Deniz), что означает Белое море. А российское Белое море называется в Турции -Beyaz Deniz. И переводится как Белое море. Вот вам и 50 оттенков белого :)

Ещё в португальском (старосветском) Paris звучит примерно так же

https://i.imgur.com/nc51lzZ.png

Всем, кто изучает русский как иностранный, известно, что там совершенно безумные глаголы движения. Как правильно: «ты ходила в магазин?», «ты сходила в магазин?», «ты пошла в магазин?» или «ты шла в магазин?» В японском языке у глаголов движения тоже есть занятные особенности: они делятся на «идти от ментального якоря» или «идти к ментальному якорю». Смысл фразы «мы приехали в Индию» можно выразить двумя способами:

1. インドに行った индо ни итта — если мы сейчас не в Индии

2. インドに来た индо ни кита — если мы сейчас там Из глагола 来る куру («приезжать, возвращаться») и места назначения можно также делать существительные:

来日 райнити — приехать в Японию

Слово «райнити» мож…

(2/2)

Результаты экзаменов, тестов и экспериментов показывают, что достижение носительского уровня возможно, хотя большинство изучающих его не достигает. Почему? По разным причинам. Не все стремятся имитировать L1, для многих иностранный язык это хобби, другие учат его из практических целей (чтобы читать или смотреть на нём медиа), и тратить избыточное количество сил на изучение им может быть банально лень. С научной точки зрения известно, что для достижения носительского уровня необходимо два связанных компонента: мотивация и практика. И это же объясняет, почему дети «хорошо» учат языки. Взрослые люди, даже если они приехали на новое постоянное место жительства, имеют сложившийся круг обще…

Если вы когда-нибудь изучали какой-нибудь неродной вам язык, особенно во взрослом возрасте, то наверняка слышали нечто подобное:

* уровень носителя для взрослых недостижим, его могут достичь только дети

* сколько ни занимайся, вы не сможете говорить как шотландка. Иностранный акцент — это навсегда

* писать как пакистанец вы никогда не будете Важно отдавать себе отчёт в том, что все эти заявления отталкиваются от идеи «носительского» как «идеального» или «желанного», что не обязательно верно, но сегодняшний текст не об этом. Возможно ли достичь носительского уровня в неродном языке?

Здесь и далее для обозначения родных языков будет использоваться сокращение L1, которое значит «языки, усвоенн…

https://shtyrbu.name/all/navigaciya/ Блог переводчика с объяснениями разного рода несовпадений русского и английского. Например: Winston’s diaphragm was constricted. (Оруэлл)

Диафрагма Уинстона была сжата. (досл. пер.)

Уинстону стало трудно дышать. (в пер. Голышева) Hearing a single word could completely change a man’s entire life... (в пер. Бромфилда)

Одно услышанное слово могло полностью изменить всю жизнь человека... (Пелевин) In the course of the 20th century, Greece saw a lot of internal conflict. (The Economist)

В течение 20-го века в Греции неоднократно происходили внутренние конфликты. Можно использовать для улучшения переводческого навыка или как путеводитель по необычным для русск…

Если спросить знающего только английский язык человека, сколько в английском гласных звуков, вам ответят «Пять! A-I-U-E-O!». На вопрос, неужели в словах father и cat буква «a» означает один и тот же звук, вы скорее всего получите молчание в подтверждение известного выражения «рыбы — не ихтиологи». Для того, чтобы говорить по-английски, не нужно знать, что там от 14 до 21 гласного звука (в зависимости от диалекта). Но как насчёт того, чтобы изучать их: их же надо как-то называть? У нас конечно есть Международный фонетический алфавит, да будут лета его долги, но выговаривать «огубленный гласный среднего ряда средне-верхнего подъёма» каждый раз — сомнительное удовольствие. Тем более, что один …

Теория оптимальности очень красиво решает очень многие проблемы фонологии, в том числе проблему безумных слогов в шильхском берберском, но у неё есть один крупный недостаток (она не позволяет объяснить случаи с непрозрачными правилами) и один недостаток среднего размера. Недостаток среднего размера заключается в том, что если недостаточно критично подходить к подбору правил, можно доказать вообще что угодно, и теория тогда превращается в гадание по полёту птиц. Строгий отбор правил означает, что, вводя новые правила, мы должны доказать их применимость комбинаторным методом. К примеру, если у нас есть языки, в которых запрет закрытых слогов более важен, чем запрет добавлять, то должны быть и…

Многие годы лингвистику мучила проблема заговоров в звуковых системах. Возьмём английское слово, primary [ˈprʌɪməri], «праймари» и заимствуем его в японский и йоруба.

* японский: プライマリ «пураимари»

* йоруба: pámárì В японском добавилось несколько гласных, в йоруба исчез один согласный. Конечно же для записи таких вещей есть особая система формул, которой в том или ином виде пользовались много веков. «Г» ниже значит «гласный звук», «С» — согласный, «∅» — пустоту.

* яп. ∅ → Г в положении между С или между С и концом слова,

* йор. С → ∅ в положении после С. Сокращённо,

* ∅ → Г / С _ [C|#],

* С → ∅ / С _. С одной стороны, мы наконец-то можем формализовать оба изменения, но с другой из формульной…

Пять вещей, которые нужно знать о языковой обстановке в Мезоамерике 1. «Ацтеки» — народ, говорящий на языке науатль, который живёт (до сих пор) в Мехико и за его пределами, вплоть до Оахаки. Науатль — язык юто-ацтекской семьи и родственнен юте (от юте происходит название штата Юта). «Древние ацтеки» живут в наше время. 2. Майя говорят на майяских языках и живут на полуострове Юкатан и в Гватемале. «Древние майя» тоже живут в наше время. У языков майя миллионы носителей и носительниц, и множество говорящих на юкатекском, какчикельском, успанткеском, чухском, киче и других языках майя живёт в Мексике и США. 3. Одна из крупнейших языковых семей обеих Америк называется ото-мангской, на ото-манг…

Столько лет жила и не знала, что у оленей бывает примерно четырехнедельный период в году, который называется... Собственно, потому, наверное, и не знала, что по-русски толком он никак не называется. То "гон", то "рёв". Из второго еще хоть как-то понятно, о чем речь, а из первого для обывателя ничего не ясно. А по-польски есть отличное слово "rykowisko" (ryk - рёв). К тому же, рифмуется со словом "widowisko" - "зрелище". Ну, теперь вы тоже знаете. И это rykowisko начинается как раз в эти дни. Говорят, очень захватывающее это явление, и много где в Польше можно на него посмотреть. У Лины Старостиной есть стихи как раз про rykowisko. * * * озёра дремлют в сытости туманной

лес изморозью выстеле…

Всем привет! Как некоторые из вас знают, в рабочее от свободы время я уже года 3 преподаю польский язык (русский как иностранный тоже, но всё меньше). С середины сентября готова взять еще несколько учеников. Я создала авторский курс из нескольких занятий по постановке прозношения (отзывы о курсе - в скриншотах по ссылке ниже), но и обычные, назовём их так, занятия, в том числе и с нуля, тоже предлагаю. Заниматься можно онлайн в любом удобном мессенджере с видеосвязью - FB, WhatsApp, Zoom. Мне очень интересны увлеченные и целеустремленные ученики, потому как и я тогда работаю веселее и продуктивнее 😊 Репост и рекомендации всячески приветствуются. А в качестве бонуса по ссылке на ютюб - перво…

Хотела вечерок попереводить не отрываясь, но тут увидела у Вики в канале "Много свиста от лингвиста" перепост лингвистического сонника из "Глазария языка", ну там, например: • Если вам приснился суффикс, ждите визита неприятного человека.

• Видеть во сне приставку означает пополнение в семье.

• Если женщина во сне увидела имперфект, значит скоро ее возлюбленный надоест ей.

• Если приснился Зализняк — встреча со стариком в казенном доме.

• Интонационная конструкция №4 — скандал в семье.

• Если вам приснилась фонема , будет спор со столичными жителями, затем совместная безобразная пьянка вплоть до потери человеческого облика.

• Видеть во сне страдательный залог — наступают трудные времена, во…

((в день русского языка - о языках других; совпадение тем случайно!)) Если думать о языках как о людях, то вот что получается. На французский я смотрю как на симпатичного молодого человека (да, однозначно, это мальчик), с которым будто бы флиртую - не потому, что французский принято считать языком всяческих амуров, просто так получается. "Будешь, чертяга, моим", - говорю ему, и постоянно хочу понравиться своей речью (в разговорах с своей француженкой, например, на уроках раз в неделю; но понравиться хочу не учительнице, а самому языку, используя какие-нибудь красивые обороты; язык для языка, красота - для языка, подарок с волнением - придётся ли по вкусу?), так что мы с французским определе…

Подборка из архива журнала "Практики и интерпретации" - ко Дню филолога: Сергей Зенкин о проблемах перевода (а еще - о “французских пробелах” в русской культуре, “эффекте Барта“ и воротничке кардигана): http://www.pi-journal.com/index.php/pii/article/view/38 Георгий Хазагеров о риторике, грядущей "эре метонимии" и необходимости "быстрого недопонимания": http://www.pi-journal.com/index.php/pii/article/view/19 Евгений Яблоков о параллельных мотивах, антидвойниках у Булгакова, протеичности героев Платонова и истоках «общества постправды». http://www.pi-journal.com/index.php/pii/article/view/75 Борис Гаспаров о "шуме времени", своей музыкальной биографии, терапевтической силе незнакомого языка,…

Таким был мой 2019-й Разбила список на блоки, чтобы было проще ориентироваться. Переводы, лингвистика • Короткометражка про переводчиков-синхронистов, которую номинировали на Оскар

• Ссылка на ролик о том, как делать доклад, если вас синхронно переводят.

• Как устроена профессия переводчика (Т—Ж)

• О серьезных отличиях перевода человеком от исправленного машинного перевода

• Увлекательное литературное расследование Юлии Лысовой о том, кто превратил классику латиноамериканского романа в трэш и откуда в русском языке взялось слово "фазенда"

• OK в чате = пассивная агрессивная? _____________________________ • Проект «Недостающие письменности»

• Онлайн-сокровищница материалов для изучения древн…

Пока есть канал "Много свиста от лингвиста", а в нём - ссылки на всякое интересное языковое, любой карантин может себе спокойно длиться, я считаю.

Вот, казалось бы, уже десять лет живу с польским языком, уже всего секреты и изподвыверты знакомы. Как тут - прямо к юбилею наших взаимоотношений - подоспело слово, которое мне раньше не попадалось, да к тому же из серии false friends. Ну уж там-то, казалось бы, чего? А там - stroiciel. Только он совсем не строитель, а настройщик пианино (пока не нашла, бывает ли "строичель" других инструментов). И ведь логично, если stroić - настраивать. Теперь понятно, через какое слово проще будет объяснять полякам русский глагол "расстраиваться", который всегда нелегко перевести, спасает только контекст.

Привет, дорогие остающиеся тут подписчики. Пока я собираюсь с мыслями и размышляю, вести ли канал, занимаясь другими своими делами, некоторые время даром не теряют. Среди читающих "Лингваренье" есть много тех, кто интересуется польским языком (или уже его знает) и Польшей вообще. Так вот как раз для вас сегодня моя рекомендация - канал "-ов среди - skich" - ссылка тут: @rusopol

Гоша, - спрашиваю я автора канала, - как же описать его в двух словах? "Напиши: эмигрант с бэкграундом в социальной антропологии, бизнесе и общественной деятельности) рефлексирует на тему своего места в Польше и в жизни". Но я еще пока немного порефлексирую на тему лингваренья, а пока давайте почитаем, что в этой Пол…

Довольно часто я говорю сама себе: упрощай, не городи, бритва Оккама не просто так существует, хватит придумывать варианты и нагромождать мысли. Про это "упрощай" у меня есть история: как-то раз я выгуливала сербскую туристку, мы зашли в кафе, и мне зачем-то понадобилось слово "брусника".

Вообще не помнила, как оно переводится. Я начала рассказывать, мол, это красная ягода, растет на болоте, кислая, из нее делают варенье... Милица меня не понимала. В конце я сдалась и такая: "блять, ну брусника!

И Милица такая: "аааа! Брусница!"

На днях читала про всяких мифических зверушек и наткнулась на исландское мимими - Йольского Кота. Этот пушистый огромный няшка развлекается тем, что нападет и съедает тех людей, которые не купили и не надели новую (шерстяную) одежду перед Рождеством. О тех, кто таки не обновил гардероб, говорят "hann fór í jólaköttinn", то есть "Он надел на себя рождественского кота" (навлек на себя проблемы)

Когда-то я писала об этом слове, но не могу не поделиться тем, что мне пришла открытка прямиком в мой канал!