Получается, для одних слов есть феминитивы, для других — нет, и есть большая серая зона, в которой феминитивы то ли есть, то ли нет: например, они будто имеют негативный оттенок, как, скажем, «директриса».

Многим кажется, что в этом слове звучит какая-то ирония.

И это логично, ведь язык в принципе архаичен, он отражает состояние общества, которого, может быть, уже давно нет, но в языке сохранились его следы.

Другой пример: мы говорим «вдова Андрея Миронова», но обычно не скажем «вдовец Наталии Гундаревой».

Это не значит, что вдова и вдовец в нашем сознании чем-то сильно отличаются друг от друга, просто в языке отразилось архаическое патриархальное представление.

В этом отношении изучение понятий вновь возвращает нас к языку, но уже понятому в духе структурной лингвистики, — как совокупности правил порождения правильных (грамматичных) высказываний.

В их числе четверка понятий «Scholarship, Character, Culture, Service» (Catawba College) выглядит аномально, почти аграмматично.

Между тем среди девизов китайских университетов синтагмы из четырех элементов либо четырех понятий преобладают[3 ]Источник девизов: (List of university mottos 2018).

Приносим благодарность Рою Чану за консультацию.. Иными словами, разные режимы понятийности включают в себя синтаксические правила соположения понятий.

Прояснение характерного для Нового времени синтаксиса понятий —…

Важно, что самые частотные слова текста обычно не имеют отношения к его теме.

Как правило, это предлоги, союзы, частицы, если они есть в языке, а вовсе не существительные и глаголы, которые формируют тему высказывания.

Затем Барроуз взял другие тексты Мильтона и его современников, посчитал разницу между количеством употребления наиболее частотного слова в «Потерянном рае» и у Мильтона.

Если суммировать отрезки разности, то можно увидеть, что между «Потерянным раем» и другими текстами Мильтона она заметно меньше в сравнении с другими писателями.

Это показало, что предложенный метод действительно может отличать одного автора от другого, поэтому для него начали разрабатываться специальные инст…

4Noam Chomsky, Morris Halle.

New York; Evanston; London: Harper & Row, 1968Вероятно, самая влиятельная книга в истории фонологии после Трубецкого.

Некоторые решения, принятые авторами, потом неоднократно подвергались критике за избыточную абстрактность, но это не помешало этой книге определить направление фонологической мысли на десятилетия вперед.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013За последние годы вышло немало хороших англоязычных пособий по фонологии, но учебник Дэвида Оддена на этом фоне выделяется, во-первых, простотой и логичностью изложения, а во-вторых, обилием иллюстративного материала.

В отдельной главе разбираются большие фрагменты фонологических систем таких разнообразн…

И в самом деле, по словам Александра Маркова, некоторые лингвисты уже назвали выводы «бредом».

Значительная часть лингвистов вообще считает проблему языка ранних Homo sapiens ненаучной и не считает возможной реконструкцию языков дальше бронзового века.

1) показывает, что для Нового света данные языковых различий по «присваивающим» и по «производящим» хозяйствам отличаются незначительно.

Безусловно, серьезную практическую проблему составляет то, что для подавляющего большинства языков мира прошлые состояния неизвестны (на глубину более 200 лет).

Таким образом, полученные авторами данные являются умеренным аргументом в пользу того, что для предкового состояния человеческих языков (ранее эпохи…

В 1985 году американский лингвист Чарльз Хоккет (Charles F. Hockett) обратил внимание на почти полное отсутствие губно-зубных (лабиодентальных) согласных, таких как ф и в, в языках охотников-собирателей.

В большинстве современных человеческих популяций, питающихся в основном мягкой пищей, такое состояние («ортогнатический прикус») сохраняется и у взрослых людей.

Авторы перепробовали много разных статистических методов, моделей и поправок (включая «филогенетические» поправки на родство языков и «географические» на пространственную близость).

Своих исконных губно-зубных согласных в койсанских языках, по-видимому, не было, хотя в целом для этих языков характерно большое разнообразие согласных …

Вся эта информация была переработана в ходе колоссального статистического анализа, что позволило откартировать отображение значений слов в коре больших полушарий.

Самое важное, что семантические группы (группы слов с похожими значениями) оказались единообразно представлены у всех участников эксперимента.

В ней излагались результаты томографического исследования мозга испытуемых, которым читали слова с сильно различающимися или похожими значениями.

В журнале Nature обнародованы результаты команды специалистов из Калифорнийского университета в Беркли, которым удалось создать уже целый семантический атлас коры человеческого мозга.

Точнее, конечно, не участок, а участки, так как каждой семантич…

Самый важный вывод, к которому независимо пришли оба исследовательских коллектива, состоит в том, что в бронзовом веке происходили крупные миграции, которые во многом определили состав генофондов современных западноевразийских народов.

Это значит, что в бронзовом веке действительно произошла крупномасштабная миграция причерноморских степняков в Центральную Европу.

Новые данные пролили свет и на происхождение важнейших восточных культур бронзового века — синташтинской, андроновской и афанасьевской (рис.

Ранее было показано, что в генофонде современных европейцев присутствует «древний североазиатский компонент» (см.

В норме млекопитающие пьют молоко только в детстве, а у взрослых особей ферме…

Два первых метода связаны с анализом использования слов с различной эмоциональной нагрузкой — позитивной или негативной, а третий — с изучением искренности улыбок консерваторов или либералов.

Ученые отметили, что в большинстве прежних исследований был установлен более высокий уровень удовлетворенности жизнью для консерваторов по сравнению с либералами.

Чтобы выяснить, насколько склонны к самообману или переоценке собственного состояния консерваторы и либералы, ученые воспользовались специальным сайтом, предназначенным для различных психологических изысканий.

Например, если человек чувствует себя счастливым, то это должно проявляться в его мимике и в его речи.

Выборки и в том и в другом случ…

Слоги в этом ряду отличаются не только по частоте, с которой они встречаются, но и по легкости распознавания.

Почему существуют такие универсальные иерархии сочетаний звуков по их предпочтительности?

Но слоги могут реже встречаться в языке не только потому, что их сложнее произносить, но и потому, что их сложнее распознавать.

То же было верно для других рядов слогов (не встречающихся в английском), составленных так, что за губным согласным всегда следовал переднеязычный.

Получается, что существование универсальных рядов слогов с разной предпочтительностью объясняется не только различиями в сложности их произношения и в активности соответствующих областей мозга.

Эти вопросы решали, объединившись, специалисты из Института психологии РАН К. Р. Арутюнова, Ю. И. Александров и В. В. Знаков и Гарвардского университета (США) Марк Хаузер (Marc D. Hauser).

Авторы исследования решили сравнить, отличаются ли нравственные оценки русскоязычных опрошенных от их англоговорящих предшественников, и если да, то по каким параметрам.

Он еще жив, и, если останется неподвижным, то его могут безопасно эвакуировать медики.

Если Ваня не потянет за рычаг, вагон поедет дальше, собьет пять человек, а один человек на мосту останется в живых.

Во-вторых, они, если и были категоричны, то скорее запрещали (оценка “Forbidden”), чем требовали (оценка “Obligatory”); рис.

Эксперименты показали, что обезьяны способны отличать новые слова от неслов на основании приобретенного опыта.

Каждая 100‑разовая сессия состояла из 25 предъявлений нового слова для обучения, 25 предъявлений ранее выученных слов и 50 неслов.

Обезьяны отвечали, касаясь разных фигур на сенсорном экране — креста в случае слова и овала в случае неслова (рис.

Это само по себе можно считать примечательным результатом, учитывая степень сходства слов и неслов.

Результаты оказались еще более удивительными, когда авторы посчитали связь между точностью определения неслов и их орфографическим сходством со словами, которые обезьяны уже выучили (рис.

На основе этих данных ученые заключили, что именно мужчины играют ведущую роль в распространении и смене языков на новой территории.

Вариабельность Y-хромосомы увязывается с языком, а не с географическим расположением носителей языка (коэффициент корреляции 0,33 против –0,08).

Коэффициент корреляции мтДНК одинаков и в том и в другом случае — и в обоих случаях он низкий.

В патрилокальных обществах женщины приходят в семью мужчины, перенимают обычаи семьи и вместе с ними и язык.

Это означает, что и в этом случае в распространении и видоизменении языков основную роль играет мужская часть населения.

: Найдено новое подтверждение раннего выхода сапиенсов из Африки «южным путем», «Элементы», 02.02.2011), сопровождалось множеством «бутылочных горлышек численности».

: Расселяясь из Африки, наши предки теряли гены и становились более похожими, «Элементы», 09.08.2007).

Генофонд внеафриканского человечества, помимо генов вышедших из Африки сапиенсов, содержит небольшую примесь генов неандертальцев и других древних обитателей Евразии (см.

Среднее фонетическое разнообразие языков (и языковых семей) достоверно снижается по мере удаления от Африки — и только от нее.

также:1) Расселяясь из Африки, наши предки теряли гены и становились более похожими, «Элементы», 09.08.2007.

В сильной форме эта гипотеза гласит, что язык мог возникнуть и приобрести свои основные свойства уже в отсутствие биологической эволюции.

Они моделируют процесс превращения гипотетического протоязыка в язык современного типа, обладающий привычными нам свойствами.

Особенно хорошо это видно в случае итеративного обучения: чем больше номер поколения, тем меньше разница между языком на входе и на выходе.

Важнейшее свойство, которое приобретает язык в ходе эволюции и которое и делает его изучение более простым, — это регулярность.

Тем не менее обнаруженные эффекты указывают на то, что это вполне может быть так и что, увеличив количество испытуемых, можно надеяться получить более ясный ответ.

Стандартные мелодические контуры в этих языках устроены именно так: во французском высота тона к концу интонационной единицы поднимается, в немецком — падает.

Сегментными фонетическими свойствами называются свойства отдельных звуков речи, а просодическими (или супрасегментными) — такие свойства, которые имеются только у более крупных единиц (слогов, слов, целых высказываний), а к отдельным звукам неприменимы.

От высоты тона (и, следовательно, от частоты) зависит и такой сложный параметр, как интонация.

У частоты основного тона и интенсивности есть не только перцептивные, но и артикуляционные корреляты: параметры, описывающие процесс порождения звука.

По мнению авторов, данное исследование п…

22 ноября в Москве состоится юбилейная, XL Традиционная олимпиада по лингвистике для школьников 8–11 классов, открытая для всех желающих.

Первая традиционная олимпиада по языковедению и математике, на которой школьники получили возможность попробовать свои силы в решении таких задач, прошла в Москве в 1965 году.

Можно классифицировать их и на другом основании и выделить слова с увеличительным и уменьшительным значением, а также нейтральные слова.

Сделать это нетрудно, и в результате мы получаем ответ:m- — нейтральное, ji- — увеличительное, ki- — уменьшительное значение; -buzi — коза, -geni — гость, -to — река, -tu — человек.

Но, конечно, самые свежие задачи ожидают тех, кто 22 ноября придет…

Американо-германская группа когнитивистов показала, что грамматики, построенные на использовании конкретного лексического материала, лучше моделируют детскую речь, чем полностью абстрактные грамматики.

Эти грамматики похожи на нашу КСГ-1: слова в них содержатся только в словаре, и в правилах порождения не фигурируют.

Что касается различий между детьми, то видно, что грамматики Брайана хуже справляются с данными Анни, чем грамматики Анни, а грамматики Анни хуже справляются с данными Брайана, чем грамматики Брайана.

В более ранних работах Томазелло доказывал, что в 23 месяца дети уже владеют категорией существительного, а в 25 еще не владеют категорией глагола.

Эти результаты в целом соответс…

Человеческие языки содержат гораздо больше слов, чем необходимо для полноценного общения.

Эксперименты, проведенные специалистами по эволюционной психологии, показали, что мужчины при виде красивых девушек начинают чаще использовать редкие слова.

Специальные исследования показали, что для полноценного понимания художественной литературы нужно знать 9000 слов, а для поддержания практически любой беседы достаточно 6000–7000 слов (Nation I.S.P.

Между тем среднестатистический образованный англичанин свободно владеет 20 000 слов, и совсем не редки люди со словарным запасом в 100 000 и более слов.

Для каждого сочинения была подсчитана средняя частота встречаемости использованных в нём слов (чем м…

Регистрация на фестиваль языков в Санкт-Петербурге будет открыта до 9:00 утра (и потом закроется навсегда).

В программу добавились польский и японский язык, изменений уже не должно быть.

В субботу будет опубликована программа с местом и точным временем проведения каждого события фестиваля.

Подробнее о формате и истории фестиваля можно, например, тут почитать.

В Москве такой фестиваль будет 1 декабря, мы расскажем.

В Северной Осетии в конце лета пройдут месячные курсы переподготовки для госслужащих.

Учащиеся будут повышать уровень владения осетинским языком.

Особое внимание будет уделено деловому языку, — об этом рассказал заместитель министра по вопросам национальных отношений Алан Багиев.

Такие курсы уже проходили в прошлом году, но по сравнению с прошлым годом кратно увеличился охват — с 20 до 50 человек.

На курсы привлекут работников местных администраций, министерств и ведомств, уже владеющих осетинским языком, но «на бытовом уровне».

5 июня в Европейском университете Санкт-Петербурга состоится семинар „Низовые практики сохранения титульного языка в Карелии“.

Речь в докладе пойдет о языковой ситуации и местных инициативах по сохранению титульного языка в Пряжинском национальном районе республики Карелия.

В этом районе в последние годы широко развивается „низовой активизм“: жители объединяются в НКО и решают разнообразные проблемы местного уровня, от благоустройства до сохранения языка и культуры.

Поскольку вопрос сохранения языка всегда так или иначе упирается в желание (или нежелание) носителей общаться на нем и передавать его следующим поколениям, активность именно местных жителей, а не местной или региональной власти,…

Согласно договору, беглецы будут возвращены на свою Родину, (таким образом это и старейший договор об экстрадиции).

Таким образом опытные юристы пытаются предусмотреть все подводные камни и, в случае возникновения спорных моментов, иметь хорошую доказательную базу.

Самое старое изображение сексаЕсть известный комментарий о человеческой сексуальности, что «каждое поколение думает, что это они изобрели секс».

Это массовое заблуждение, возможно, возникает, чтобы избежать травмы и не думать о своих родителях или бабушках и дедушках, занимающихся этим.

Кажется, за последние несколько тысяч лет качество наших признаний в любви пошло не в том направлении.

Сколько мегабайт занимает язык в мозгу?

Например, на все фонемы английского языка у авторов работы ушло 750 бит (по 15 на фонему).

При оценке объёма под хранение лексики учитывался запас в 40 тысяч слов, причём помимо значений этих слов (12 млн бит) заложена информация о частотности (80 тыс.

Меньше всего информации занял в оценке учёных из Рочестера синтаксис — всего 700 бит (что, видимо, объясняется аналитизмом английской грамматики).

Ознакомиться с работой в оригинале можно по ссылке:Humans store about 1.5 megabytes of information during language acquisition (2019).

Председатель комитета Госдумы по делам национальностей Ильдар Гильмутдинов считает, что государство тоже ответственно за сохранение разнообразия языков:Эффективность работы по сохранению родных языков зависит от роли и участия государства, общества в целом и каждой семьи в отдельности.

А это значит, поддержка родных языков должна осуществляться в образовательной, научной, общекультурной, информационной сферах.

У нас в настоящее время нет специальности по подготовке воспитателей детских садов, которые работают с двуязычным ребенком.

Ни в одном субъекте мы не наберем семи докторов по данной специальности.

Надо понимать, что не будет таких специалистов — не будут и развиваться языки.

У берегов Шотландии обнаружили дельфина, который «выучил язык» морских свиней (чем-то похожие на дельфинов китообразные, однако не дельфины).

Дельфин отбился от своих и в конечном итоге сдружился с местной группой морских свиней.

Чтобы общаться с ними, он изменяет характер и высоту своих сигналов (а у тех, в свою очередь, изменений в звуковом репертуаре не отмечено).

Китообразные и раньше были замечены в изменении «речи» под проживающие с ними виды (например, косатки подстраивались под дельфинов), но эти случаи происходили в неволе при смешанном содержании.

Шотландский случай считается первым зарегистрированным «на воле» — учёные ожидают новых записей, чтобы подробнее исследовать происходящ…

Госдума на заседании в среду приняла в третьем, окончательном чтении законопроект о родных языках.

В школах, программа которых включает предмет «Родной язык», его изучение остается обязательным, при этом можно будет выбрать конкретный язык, в том числе русский как родной, — сообщает ТАСС.

По сути это означает отмену обязательного преподавания государственных языков республик там, где это практиковалось.

В документе прописано, что федеральные образовательные стандарты обеспечивают «возможность получения образования на родных языках из числа языков народов РФ, изучения государственных языков республик РФ, родных языков из числа языков народов РФ, в том числе русского языка как родного языка».…

Правительство Мозамбика реформирует начальное образование в стране, переводя его с португальского на местные языки.

Дети лучше учатся, когда в школе им объясняют материал и разрешают отвечать на привычном языке бытового общения.

Билингвальная система преподавания предполагает постепенный переход на португальский, на котором дальше ведётся преподавание вплоть до окончания учёбы.

Оставшийся в наследие от колониальной империи португальский язык сохраняет свой статус государственного и объединяющего языка в Мозамбике.

В сюжете Африканьюс можно посмотреть репортаж из сельской школы, где младшие школьники уже занимаются на языке тсонга (он же шангаан и шангана) — fr.africanews.com/2018/07/18/au-m…

Возможно, впервые в нормальном русском переводе грамматика знаменитого лингвопроекта сольресоль доступна в нашем сообществе ВК.

В проекте сольресоль вместо набора фонем всего семь знаков, в роли которых могут выступать в том числе ноты (и тогда фразы на языке можно играть на инструментах, петь или насвистывать).

Это заметная веха в истории лингвоконструирования, без её упоминания не обходится ни одна книга по теме.

Информация по сольресолю есть и у Свадоста (Как возникнет всеобщий язык, 1968), и у Пиперски (Конструирование языков.

От эсперанто до дотракийского, 2017).

Во Владикавказе вышел первый номер глянца на осетинском языке.

Новый журнал „Нырыккон Дзæуджыхъæу“ (Современный Владикавказ) готовит редакция МВ (Модного Владикавказа), журнала, давно известного в республике.

„Пусть пока блок на осетинском языке не такой большой, как на русском.

В начале зимы [частично] на осетинском языке начал вещать новый телеканал „Осетия-Ирыстон“ (доступный в местных кабельных сетях, в интернете и по спутнику).

Появление нового современного контента на языках, отнесённых к „уязвимым“, — несомненно хорошая новость.

Сенат Исламской Республики Пакистан утвердил предложение провозгласить китайский язык одним из официальных языков Пакистана.

Этот жест призван отметить крепнущие связи между Китаем и Пакистаном, пояснили сенаторы.

Отношения между двумя странами будут развиваться и дальше, и людям будет проще общаться в рамках Китайско-Пакистанского Экономического Коридора, если китайскому дать официальный статус в стране.

Пенджаби, пушту и целый ряд других языков с большим числом носителей на территории Пакистана не имеют в стране никакого специального статуса.

Люди полагают, что знание этого языка может открывать перед ними перспективы трудоустройства как на родине, так и в Китайской Народной Республике.

Открытая музыкальная энциклопедия «Musipedia» — это постоянно обновляемая коллекция музыки со всего мира с возможностью поиска определенной мелодии.

«Musipedia» была создана в 2002 году выпускником старейшего в Европе Технологического университета Карлсруэ (Германия) Райнэром Типке.

На сегодняшний день в библиотеке проекта насчитывается более 30 тысяч треков: от сонат Бетховена до Rolling Stones.

Второй — при помощи клавиатуры ПК, где каждая клавиша будет отвечать за определенную ноту, или при помощи компьютерной мыши и виртуальных клавишных.

Так выглядит электронная клавиатура сайтаТретий способ — при помощи микрофона напеть или насвистеть приблизительную мелодию.

Из слова можно получить множество качеств, которые помогут нам с изучением текста: его длина, его частотность и т.д.

Так, у оценки это «плохой» и «хороший», у силы — это «сильный» и «слабый», а у активности — «активный» и «неактивный».

Уиссел посчитала, какой процент наиболее приятных и наиболее активных слов (в топ 25% по оценке и активности соответственно) присутствует в их песнях на протяжении четырех периодов их творчества.

Пол чаще повторял слова в своих песнях, а Джон чаще вставлял такие слова, как «girl» и «dead».

Однако интересно, что субъективное мнение критиков, что песни Джона более грустные, как будто подтверждается методами эмоциональной стилометрии.

Это и альтернативные источники энергии, и генно-модифицированные организмы, и беспилотные машины для уборки урожая.

Например, можно узнать сколько гектаров занимали кукурузные поля в Финляндии в 2018 году (да-да, в Финляндии растет кукуруза).

На карте можно посмотреть не только картошку и кукурузу, но и все остальные сельхоз культуры.

При использовании этого метода все поля отображаются без фильтрации, однако растровые изображения довольно долго загружаются из-за большого объема файлов.

Проект планируется развивать и дальше: цель на ближайшее будущее — автоматически распознавать поля и в остальных странах.

Как раз это и называют световым загрязнением — по аналогии с загрязнением других сред жизни человека и всех живых существ.

Но ведь если зависимость «население-освещенность» уже выявлена, есть ли что-то, чего мы не видим на известных снимках?

Может быть, картина светового загрязнения планеты вовсе и не такова, как мы привыкли думать?

Воздействие на неурбанизированные территории оказывается в некоторых случаях гораздо выше, чем на города, так как в последних уже сложились свои отдельные экосистемы, обитатели которых привыкли к искусственному освещению.

В сельских же местностях темнота до сих пор считалась чем-то само собой разумеющимся, в то время как новый подход анализа подталкивает в вывод…

Предсказываем на примере других пользователейКоллаборативная фильтрация строит прогноз на основе пользователей со схожими признаками, интересами или поведением, группируя их в кластеры.

Пример NetflixДля демонстрации современного образца рекомендательных систем обратимся к Netflix — сервис, который поставил качество рекомендаций во главу угла и не прогадал.

Качество прогноза измерялось на основе среднеквадратичного отклонения (Root Mean Square Error) и на момент объявления конкурса составляла 0.9514.

Иначе говоря, за фасадом «что я хочу посмотреть» чаще всего лежит куда более глубокое «что я хочу».

Иными словами, будут снимать ровно то, что будет востребовано, и вопросы «что я хочу посмотре…

Приспособленность районов Москвы для комфортной жизни людей в период борьбы с коронавирусом оценивается по следующим показателям:Инсоляция жилых зданийИнсоляция — это количество солнечного света в жилом помещеним.

Благодаря малоэтажной застройке и большой площади парков в районе низкая плотность населения и много возможностей погулять в одиночестве.

Через прикосновения к поверхностям в подъезде, кнопкам в лифте, мы рискуем заразиться вирусом, и чем больше этажность дома, тем с большим количеством людей мы потенциально контактируем.

Объем и разнообразие услугОбъем услуг — это сколько всего предприятий из сферы услуг работает в районе.

В связи с этим в качестве альтернативы торговым центрам в…

Например, «Гамлет» начинается со сцены, в которой Гамлет и Горацио встречают призрака отца Гамлета — хотя если расположить все события в порядке, в котором они произошли, этот эпизод скорее будет расположен ближе к середине.

В корпусе есть как произведения, которые сложны нарративно и стилистически, так и те, что в своей структуре больше похожи на описательные.

Некоторые исследователи предлагают разделять события только на состояния и события.

В результате в корпусе из 210 532 токенов-слов у исследователей получилось 7 849 событий; результат разметки находится в открытом доступе.

Здесь вариации оказались менее значимыми: оказалось, что и в более популярных, и в менее популярных текстах в ср…

Его политика абсолютизма и церковные реформы не были поняты населением Шотландии и Ирландии и привели к Английской революции.

Карл I потерпел поражение и в январе 1649 года был казнен.

После казни монарха коллекция была распродана, и картины оказались разбросаны по всей Европе.

Всего в «Потерянной коллекции Карла I» три зала, в каждый из которых можно заглянуть и увидеть все картины коллекции в одном месте.

Главные картины в этом зале -» Юпитер и Антиопа» Тициана и «Поклонение пастухов со святым Лонгином и святым Иоанном Евангелистом» Романо.

В совместном проекте университетов Оксфорда и Дарема ученые поставили цель выяснить, как современный человек оценивает картины и что может повлиять на его мнение.

Предположительно, на это могут повлиять даже краткие описания, которые сопровождают картины в галереях и музеях.

Считается, что, когда на картине изображен человек, первое, на что обращает внимание зритель, это его лицо.

Но ярлыки с подробным описанием картины для группы AC заставляли испытуемых меньше смотреть на лица, а значит, и картины они находили менее приятными.

Предвзятость играет не последнюю роль в эстетическом суждении и, как выяснилось, письменная интерпретация может оказывать влияние на оценку произведения искусства, …

У них получился простой инструмент, который позволяет соединить копии экспонатов музея и их историю в одно целое.

Именно инструмент, а не персональный гид, как подчеркивают создатели Музея в коробке.

Технология Музея в коробке применяется в научных исследованиях восприятия культуры в университетах Кембриджа и Мельбурна.

Это самый главный шаг на пути к осуществлению первоначального замысла Музея в коробке — принести музей в каждый дом.

создатели Музея в коробке надеются, что их технология преобразует привычный образовательный процесс и сделает его более эффективным и увлекательным.

Библиотека № 143 и Sims 4Сотрудники библиотеки № 143 создали альтернативную версию своего здания в известной многим игре Sims 4.

На всякий случай авторы предлагают посмотреть короткую инструкцию по установке зданий в Sims на YouTube.

Работники библиотеки предлагают всем своим посетителям поэкспериментировать и создать свои версии библиотек в Sims.

В ней можно не только задавать действия своим подопечным, но и строить и оформлять дома и общественные заведения.

Еще в начале марта студенты Ростовского университета построили часть своих аудиторий в игре Minecraft.

Как раз здесь мы и используем метод ГИС.

Проще говоря, у историка появился метод, благодаря которому можно собрать разные данные в одном месте и проанализировать их огромным количеством способов.

Важным этапом становления использования метода ГИС были семинары международной Ассоциации «История и компьютер» во Флоренции и Лондоне в 1994 и 1996 годах соответственно.

Мы также взяли из переписи населения и данные о вероисповедании: конкретно о православных, мусульманах и иудеях.

Модель территории средневекового Новгорода (2-я половина XII в. и 1-я половина XIII в.)

Именно этой информацией мы пользовались, чтобы понять, как происходил призыв в разные годы войны в разных частях СССР.

Специфика призыва в республиках СССРПроанализировав ход призыва в разных республиках, мы выделили несколько схожих групп.

Можно отметить, что призыв начинается за несколько месяцев до июня, хотя плановый призыв должен был проходить ближе к осени.

Из всех трёх республик лишь в Эстонии удалось организовать призыв в начале войны, продлившийся до августа.

Остается неотвеченным вопрос о том, почему к началу 1945 года призыв в Эстонии практически завершился, хотя, например, в Литве активно призывали вплоть до мая.

Для оценки этого уровня повсеместно используется шкала CEFR — вы наверняка сталкивались с ней ещё в те времена, когда учились в школе.

Каждому из них нужно предлагать подходящие материалы, которые окажутся достаточно понятны, но будут содержать новые ключевые слова и грамматические конструкции.

Оценка материала, загружаемого в чекер или обрабатываемого на предмет актуальности для той или иной группы студентов, происходит несколькими способами.

Благодаря им слова из разных языков размещаются в условном трёхмерном пространстве, внутри которого легче сгруппировать «кластеры прямых переводов».

Впрочем, это не значит, что механизмы ресурса несовершенны: его основатели заявляют, что обучение сист…

На iNaturalist вы можете выполнять привычные действия: публиковать свои фото, комментировать чужие, переписываться с людьми и вступать в интересные группы-проекты.

А еще через некоторое время на фото взглянут другие натуралисты, которые либо подтвердят точку зрения системы, либо внесут свои предложения.

Если вы обладаете знаниями живой природы, то можете помогать с определением другим людям в разделе «Идентифицируйте», просматривая фото и подписывая названия организмов на фото.

А значит, это прекрасная возможность найти людей для обсуждения интересующих вопросов, и, возможно, для совместных вылазок на природу в будущем.

Организаторы объявили о том, что в этом году победителей выбирать они н…

Тест: коала или вомбат?

Из всех чудес, найденных европейцами в Австралии, едва ли не больше всего их поражала местная фауна.

Натуралистам иногда было сложно описывать новых животных — настолько они не походили на европейских.

Попробуйте отгадать знаменитых сегодня австралийских эндемиков по описаниям XVII–XIX вековПодготовил Александр Борзенко

История, ИскусствоЧтение на 15 минут: «Война Алана»Пильзенское пиво в потустороннем саду, античные статуи, уткнувшиеся носами в землю, пианистка, ставшая прачкой.

Алан родился в Калифорнии в 1925 году в городе Аламбра, в пригороде Лос-Анджелеса.

И при этом никогда не ссорились и не теряли друг друга из вида.

Речь пойдет только об Алане Коупе, о том, что он видел, через что прошел, что пережил и о чем захотел рассказать пятьдесят лет спустя.

Фрагмент комикса Эмманюэля Гибера «Война Алана» © Emmanuel Guibert / Издательство «Бумкнига»Прошло десять лет, я завершил первую часть моей работы: война закончилась.

Формула in šāʾ aḷḷāh была заимствована и в языки неарабоязычных наро­дов, исповеду­ющих ислам, часто употребляется и в речи мусульман России.

Другие слова других культур 11 чешских слов Кнедлик, погода, сранда, вечерничек и другие звери 11 шведских слов От «омбудсмена» до перерыва на кофе «фика» 11 немецких слов «Орднунг», «братвурст» и «грусть из-за несовершенства мира»3.

Араб может рассказывать о своих достоинствах и добрых делах, и это не счита­ется хвастовством.

Однокоренное ḥarā́m означает «запретное действие», «грех» в религиозном и в обыден­ном смысле слова.

Это лицо на фотокарточке,Фотокарточке, что в альбоме,Альбоме, что в тумбе,Тумбе, что в спальне –Месте для сна,Сна,Которого он ли…

Лекции41 минута1/5 Сталинское метро: роскошь и идеология Как архитекторы-традиционалисты победили конструктивистов, когда московское метро превратилось в дворцы и что именно в метро изменила война Александр ЗиновьевКак архитекторы-традиционалисты победили конструктивистов, когда московское метро превратилось в дворцы и что именно в метро изменила война28 минут2/5 Метро после Сталина: новая эстетика За что станции 1960-х прозвали «сороконожками», как архитекторы старались их разнообразить, а люди все равно путали и почему послесталинское метро все-таки тоже очень красивое Дмитрий ГончарукЗа что станции 1960-х прозвали «сороконожками», как архитекторы старались их разнообразить, а люди все ра…

Как писали в 2004 году в газете «АиФ Барнаул», еще в 19 80-х годах была мечта, что когда-нибудь Барнаул станет городом-миллионером и в нем построят метро.

И именно это мы и обсудим в лек­ции — и в этом нам помогут уже упомянутые вообра­жаемые метрополитены.

В 2011 году начинают организовываться шуточные экскурсии по омскому метро, и в роли метро чаще всего выступает все тот же подземный переход, куда экскурсантов приводят и говорят: посмотрите направо, посмотрите налево — вы находитесь в омском метрополитене.

И в результате среди городских активистов возникает надежда на возрождение Омска и метро при помощи «Городских проектов».

И мы видим, что, с одной стороны, ритм жизни мегапо­лиса созда…

Метро как парадоксКак в образе метро сочетаются мраморно-штукатурное великолепие архитектуры и небрежно нанесенные номера на торшерах, современные скорости и функция бомбоубежища, ориентация на все самое «передовое» и инерционностьАвтор Вадим БассНа эскалаторе.

Или голливудских небожителей-актеров, которых, как прочих, как нас с вами, «метро то и дело глотает, / Выпуская из дымного рта» Цитата из стихотворения Евгения Евтушенко «Нас в набитых трамваях болтает…»..Пассажиры на эскалаторе в лондонском метро.

Это сочетание дизайна (как искус­ства оформления вещей для массового производства и потребления) и архитектуры (как искус­ства создания индивидуальных, уникальных произведений).

1 / 3 Вход…

Замоскворечье или «район метро „Третьяковская“»?

Тест на знание МосквыМетро вытеснило из нашей жизни многие исторические топонимы: мы всё реже говорим «в Замоскворечье», всё чаще — «на „Третьяковской“».

Мы представили, как могли бы измениться тексты классических литературных произведений, если бы их авторы ориентировались в Москве по карте метро.

Ваша задача — восстановить, что там в оригиналеСоставили Кирилл Головастиков, Сергей Халтурин

Лекции41 минута1/5 Сталинское метро: роскошь и идеология Как архитекторы-традиционалисты победили конструктивистов, когда московское метро превратилось в дворцы и что именно в метро изменила война Александр ЗиновьевКак архитекторы-традиционалисты победили конструктивистов, когда московское метро превратилось в дворцы и что именно в метро изменила война28 минут2/5 Метро после Сталина: новая эстетика За что станции 1960-х прозвали «сороконожками», как архитекторы старались их разнообразить, а люди все равно путали и почему послесталинское метро все-таки тоже очень красивое Дмитрий ГончарукЗа что станции 1960-х прозвали «сороконожками», как архитекторы старались их разнообразить, а люди все ра…

Как создавали метро: взгляд инженераИстория строительства первой линии Московского метрополитенаАвтор Владимир ГорайчукМосковский метрополитен, первая линия которо­го открылась 15 мая 1935 года, был далеко не пер­вым в мире.

Эстафету строи­тельства метро подхватила Америка, и в 1868 году в Нью-Йорке открылся второй в мире метропо­литен в виде городской эстакадной железной дороги.

Тоннели-кессоны применяют при стро­ительстве участков тоннелей различного назначения в слабых водоносных грун­тах с крупными каменистыми включениями..Строительство метро на площади Оперы.

Но были еще три человека: заместитель Ротерта Константин Финкель, инженеры К. С. Мышенков и И. С. Шелюб­ский Мы знаем, что полно…

Ощущение ускользающего мира, просачивающегося как песок сквозь пальцы, часто вызывает желание записать воспоминания — близких и родных, коллег или даже соседей.

Подумайте, как вы объясните цель интервью своему собеседникуДаже если собеседник приходится вам дедушкой или бабушкой, ему или ей пот­­ребуются объясне­ния.

Избегайте суждений и оценокИнтервью — это не спор и не обмен мне­ниями.

Очень важно помнить, что вы не психо­тера­певт и не должны решать чужие проблемы.

Если вы не перенесете файл на компьютер и не да­ди­те ему название, уже через месяц вы не сможете его найти.

Sources told the Guardian that most universities are planning for new students from China to delay entry until January next year, with online teaching offered.

Exams, including English language tests required for visas and university admissions, have been cancelled in China, where 80,000 people have caught coronavirus.

British universities increasingly rely on revenue from international tuition fees, with students from China providing the vast majority of growth.

British universities already face uncertainty over links with the EU after Brexit, including continued membership of the mammoth Horizon Europe science funding programme and the Erasmus+ student exchange programme.

Higson said the …

Albert Costa (a Catalan-Spanish bilingual) died in 2018, and this book is a great testimony to his lifetime of research into the subject.

Costa quotes Goethe’s famous line that “he who does not know foreign languages knows nothing about his own”.

But the advantages aren’t only cultural breadth or depth, but also better decision-making: we’re less instinctive and kneejerk in a foreign language, more able to be utilitarian and cold-headed.

But he leaves you in little doubt that the brain of bilinguals is, in tiny but important ways, provably different.

• The Bilingual Brain: And What it Tells Us About the Science of Language by Albert Costa, translated by John W Schwieter, is published by All…

I was therefore extremely disappointed to see her speaking of “how hard and existentially pointless it is to run on the spot.

All that energy spent, no distance covered: it’s like eating cottage cheese or learning Welsh” (Retro and noisy: Canada’s Air Force fitness drills are a 60s tonic, Weekend, 1 February).

Learning Welsh is a challenge, but it most certainly is not existentially pointless.

I give thanks to dedicated Welsh language tutors and to those in communities throughout Wales who have supported me on this decades-long journey.

This stands in contrast to Zoe Williams’ attitude in citing Welsh language learning in a discussion of “existentially pointless” tasks.

It’s the description of Twi – the Akan language spoken by my family – as “the vernacular”, a term which implicitly compares it with the colonial language, English, and somehow finds it wanting.

It’s a term more befitting of a regional dialect than a nation’s language, with its own history, politics and literature.

Nigerian pre-eminence in the English language is nothing new.

But Nigeria’s relationship to the English language, like that of all English-speaking African nations, is a complicated one.

As the great African-American writer James Baldwin once wrote, “my quarrel with the English language has been that the language reflected none of my experience”.

Last year Rodríguez had to choose eight European universities where she would like to do her Erasmus+ exchange.

“UK students will continue to be able to enjoy the benefits of exchanges with our European friends and partners,” he told MPs.

Erasmus+ sends around 16,000 UK students to more than 30 countries each year.

Those who study abroad outperform their peers in both the classroom and the job market, according to research by Universities UK.

“Taking part in Erasmus gives students new skills that are valuable to employers and that boosts our economy.”

Although this happened decades ago, we haven’t forgotten the look of total incredulity on the face of an American fellow student whom our son brought home for the weekend (Letters, 18 January).

I quickly learned this was not an appropriate offer (he seemed to think it likely though).

Theresa GrahamClevedon, North Somerset• Marika Sherwood (Letters, 14 January) is correct that Peter Fryer’s book Staying Power should be available in all school libraries.

Val HarrisonBirmingham• Join the debate – email guardian.letters@theguardian.com• Read more Guardian letters – click here to visit gu.com/letters• Do you have a photo you’d like to share with Guardian readers?

Click here to upload it and we’l…

Learning a new language should be compulsory for pupils up to the age of 16, according to a new report highlighting the UK’s recent abysmal record in encouraging young people to study languages other than English.

“It was a big mistake to scrap compulsory foreign languages at GCSE,” said Megan Bowler, the report’s author.

Nick Hillman, Hepi’s director, said making foreign languages optional at GCSE was one of the worst education policy blunders in recent memory, and that reinstating them was a “no-brainer”.

“In terms of speaking foreign languages [the British] have never been good.

The report notes that the devolved school systems in Wales and Scotland have had more success in encouraging t…

‘No other subject,” says my language teacher, “is the cause of so much shame.

There we go; it’s that word shame again.

And there’s that feeling of self-loathing you get when you know that, at some point, you knew the German word for exhaust pipe but suddenly can’t remember it.

My Croatian teacher thinks it is a peculiarly British thing.

She says you never hear French, German or Spanish speakers berating themselves about how poor their English is.

The French literary colossus Marguerite Yourcenar once said that she loved ancient Greek for the richness of its vocabulary and its infinite flexibility, which was “like that of a supple, perfect body”.

Marcolongo, an Italian writer and classics scholar, agrees.

She has written a delightfully spirited yet succinct apologia for “the magnificent and elegant ancient Greek language” (translated by Will Schutt).

She argues that ancient Greek offers us uniquely “concise, explosive, ironic, open-ended modes of expression”.

Although we have no way of knowing what ancient Greek would have sounded like, it still speaks to us today.

French and German GCSEs are to be marked less severely from next year amid concerns that students are being put off studying modern foreign languages (MFL) because it is more difficult to get top grades in these than in other subjects.

The qualifications regulator Ofqual has ruled there should be an adjustment to grading standards in French and German GCSEs – entries for which have declined dramatically – but not in Spanish where numbers have been more buoyant.

The GCSE grading adjustments may need to be phased in over a longer period, and will affect grades 4 and above.

“We have conducted a thorough review of the evidence that GCSE French, German and Spanish are severely graded in comparis…

The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland’s island communities has plummeted in less than a decade, according to a leading Highland researcher who believes the language is on the point of “societal collapse” across Scotland.

Most of those working with Gaelic agree that the language is at a crossroads.

Brian Ó hEadhra, the arts and culture adviser at Bòrd na Gàidhlig, the public body with responsibility for the Gaelic language, counters the pessimism.

Critics have suggested that Gaelic schools often benefit middle-class children whose parents are taken with the educational advantages of dual language learning.

Traditional Gaelic culture is really rich but there has to be an alternative way o…

One of the world’s oldest recorded songs has been translated into one of the world’s oldest languages to mark the International Year of Indigenous Languages.

Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star has been translated and sung in Noongar – a language spoken by Indigenous people who live in or descend from the south-west corner of Western Australia.

The Perth-based Community Arts Network has created a video clip with subtitles so people can sing along and learn some Noongar words at the same time

The retention bonuses will be paid out in the second, third and fourth years, totalling £6,000 and rising to £9,000 for those working in regions of highest demand.

When combined with training bursaries worth £26,000, graduates with at least a second-class degree in those subjects will get up to £35,000.

The expansion of early-career payments follows research that bursaries alone have failed to improve teacher retention rates.

Graduates with maths and physics degrees are among the most sought-after in the labour market, and careers requiring those degrees regularly command the highest starting salaries.

Bursaries for those with degrees in English or history will also fall by £3,000, after im…

My friend and colleague Philip Holmes, who has died aged 74, dedicated most of his life to the study of Scandinavian languages and cultures, in particular Swedish.

Born in King’s Norton, Birmingham, Phil was the elder son of Joan (nee Truscott) and Arthur Holmes, an accountant and former RAF pilot.

After graduation in 1967 he spent a year at Uppsala University in Sweden, gaining a qualification in Nordic languages.

In 1983 Phil rose to be a senior lecturer in Scandinavian studies at Hull, and in 1997 a reader in that subject.

He was head of the university’s Scandinavian studies department throughout the 1980s and 90s, as well as chair of Hull University Press.

Attention grammar snobs: ”they” can officially be used as a singular, nonbinary pronoun.

Merriam-Webster, the oldest dictionary publisher in America, officially recognized the usage today, when it added 533 words to its online dictionary.

The recognition of “they” as a singular, non-gender-specific pronoun comes as its usage grows in popularity, especially among people who identify as neither male nor female.

The British singer Sam Smith made headlines last week when they announced on social media that their pronouns were now “they/them” rather than “he/him”.

Lexicographers and linguists are coming out widely in support of “they” as a singular pronoun.

Gibberish – language that cannot be understood – is not quite the same as nonsense.

Gibberish, on the other hand, makes indecipherable words out of the sounds and letters of language.

Yet while they evade familiar spellings, they lean on our intuitive knowledge of how the English language works.

The language of Utopia is an esoteric gibberish, but there are more everyday examples of unintelligible language.

Babies chatter gibberish to us, and we talk back to them as if they had said something utterly astoundingIn the following centuries, English gibberish grows relatively dormant.

Tahitians, in their reckoning of love and loss, and their wrestling with death and darkness, suffered not from grief but a hypocognition of grief.

In my research with the psychologist David Dunning at the University of Michigan, we asked American participants: have you ever heard of the concept benevolent sexism?

A frequently overlooked part of Levy’s treatise on Tahitians is why they suffered from a hypocognition of grief.

In 2010, the Chinese rebel writer Han Han told CNN that any of his writings containing the words ‘government’ or ‘communist’ would be censored by the Chinese internet police.

They simply pretend nothing happened… That’s their goal,’ Han Han said.

J L Austin, a British philosopher working around the mid-20th century, made important progress in trying to classify the linguistic things we do as acts of speech or speech acts.

His thought was that we perform illocutionary acts in uttering meaningful sentences (hence the Latin il); and we perform perlocutionary acts by performing illocutionary acts (hence the Latin per).

We perform locutionary acts in order to perform illocutionary acts; and we perform illocutionary acts in order to perform perlocutionary acts.

If the argument that pornography can undermine women’s freedom of speech is successful, then it presents a challenge to the free-speech-based defence of pornography.

Deciding wheth…

Including our mother tongues.

I keep my eyes on the procession of English letters on my keyboard.

Mother tongues, like any other first love, are very hard to forget.

Even when our native letters appear foreign and our native sounds ring forsaken.

After all, our mother tongues raised us.

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But as the debate over trigger warnings has raged, advocates for them have made strong psychological claims.

Trigger warnings increased participants’ negative feelings prior to the photo presentation, presumably as they anticipated what was to come.

It wasn’t about trigger warnings per se, but investigated a cognitive principle central to the trigger-warnings debate.

It’s important not to overstate the scientific case against trigger warnings.

Yet already the results are surprisingly consistent in undermining the specific claim that trigger warnings allow people to marshal some kind of mental defence mechanism.

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As I become more fluent in French, however, the word’s meaning becomes sedimented in it.

Meaning is more sunken into words than the practice of replacing one term with another suggests.

But even if the connection between ‘glow’ and glowing were not based on any verifiable affinity, the word’s meaning is still accompanied by its sound.

For the dog, words have meaning the same way that the sound of my car pulling into the driveway has meaning.

Does this new kind of interchangeable expression constitute a different way of meaning from the kind of meaning that ‘tells me itself’?

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When you receive the information, if you think any of it is wrong or out of date, you can ask us…

Finally, some brave soul will say something, always the same thing: Well, we break the text down.

Metaphor is the knot between language and image, between language and sensory experience, and between language and narrative.

In the process, Pomiankowski reveals that metaphors not only shape the way we see things, but also carry story.

One of his propositions was that ‘even the future has to have a metaphoric quality for us to imagine it’.

If Nehamas is correct, then we need to grow our capacity for metaphor as surely as we need to grow our empathy for the planet.

He believed that increasing immigration, the multiplication of unique American words, the new meanings attaching to English words and the proliferation of slang – or, as the English saw it, vulgar and undisciplined language – made an American dictionary essential to American life.

But then there was the question of whose American dictionary would provide such an authority – which consideration instigated the ‘American dictionary wars’.

It was also partly an ideological war, pitting various sectors of society – political, social, educational, religious – against each other over the direction that American English should take.

Ultimately, the Merriams were the real winners in the American dic…

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So when did the cliché become such a sin of human communication, a mark of simple minds and mediocre artists?

The French theorist Roland Barthes, a follower of Flaubert, was also preoccupied with the political effect of clichés.

In his essay ‘Politics and the English Language’ (1946), he condemns journalistic clichés as dangerous constructs that mask political reality with empty language.

Think, for example, of the common statement ‘it is a cliché, but…’; or of the use of clichés ironically.

So, before you pull out the next ‘It’s a cliché!’ allegation, think about some of the clichés you commonly use.

Despite their prevalence in many languages, ideophones were once considered linguistic oddities of marginal interest.

Sound symbolism might also emerge from the sensations associated with how we make noises.

Interestingly, synaesthetes tend to be more sensitive to sound symbolism than average members of the population, offering some circumstantial evidence for the idea.

Whatever its origins, analyses of thousands of languages reveal that most cultures use sound symbolism to some degree.

This raises another big question: how do children learn languages such as English, without such a widespread, systematic use of sound symbolism?

Nobody would claim that Mexican Spanish and Columbian Spanish are different languages.

Do we want our cut-off to lie at a level where Serbian and Croatian are the same or different languages?

Either they will tend to be more similar, in which case they can be defined as different dialects, or less similar, in which case they can be defined as different languages.

Some fall not far below it, such as Hindi and Urdu (different languages, barely).

And varieties of Arabic and Chinese, both of which are often thought of as single languages, soar above LDN = 0.48 (the varieties are themselves different languages).

Why are these children’s rhymes so much dark nonsense, and what could it all mean?

In a kid’s world, cooties and other similar contagions may not be real—but they’re deadly serious.

Though it may have a real impact on children’s social distancing, it’s hard to pin down what cooties is exactly, because conceptually, it needs to be many things.

But it’s true that many nursery rhymes are often so dark, so strange, so…nonsensical.

It’s hard to believe the cooties and nursery rhymes of your childhood can reveal so much about the world.

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As with many other recent global crises, there has been a flood of dangerous misinformation, and with it, the insidious “viral” spread of toxic speech through social media.

As Lawrence Besserman notes, being ill in the English language is no fun.

But when we think of weaponized language, often it’s a pretty blunt instrument.

Tirrell considers the idea of an epidemiology of toxic language, conceptualizing language as something that can have the power to cause harm, by degrees, just like a poison or a disease.

For the grace of being another language, Black English speech might have been considered as linguistically civilized as a classical Greek or Latin, or as linguistically chic as French or Italian.

Instead it resulted in intense public backlash and derision due to the still widespread, incorrect belief that Black English was an inferior, uneducated form of English associated with illiteracy, poverty, and crime.

But Black English is not just one monolithic dialect spanning the many millions of speakers across the country.

All along, while standard American English was busy convincing everyone that it was a superior dialect, it’s Black English that’s been a true cultural and linguistic force in…

The phrase is “carpe diem,” taken from Roman poet Horace’s Odes, written over 2,000 years ago.

As everyone and their grandmother knows by now, “carpe diem” means “seize the day.” “Carpe diem.

“carpe diem” doesn’t really mean “seize the day.” As Latin scholar Maria S. Marsilio points out, “carpe diem” is a horticultural metaphor that, particularly seen in the context of the poem, is more accurately translated as “plucking the day,” evoking the plucking and gathering of ripening fruits or flowers, enjoying a moment that is rooted in the sensory experience of nature.

For Australian philosopher Roman Krznaric, author of Carpe Diem Regained, the “hijacking [of carpe diem] is an existential crime…

Climate Control + Language ControlSo while things get relentlessly warmer elsewhere it’s not surprising that our language about it stays just as cool, calm, and collected as our sterile living environments.

It bears repeating that the blandly uninformative term “climate change” was popularized by notorious Republican political language tweaker Frank Luntz as “global warming” was seen as too scary.

And if we can effectively use language to help to save the natural world, well, language may also end up saving itself.

Our language may show how separate we are from nature, but the relationship between the natural world and natural language is far deeper than we realize.

Linguistic Diversity + B…

There’s hardly an indigenous culture surviving that does not struggle to preserve their traditional language and knowledge against the overwhelming homogenizing influences of Western colonialism.

In many places, scientists are finding, to their surprise, that traditional knowledge is on a par with many scientific discoveries.

But what does it mean when we accept traditional knowledge as a kind of science only after it’s been compared with contemporary scientific knowledge and processes, and shown to be similar?

Traditional knowledge often values a more nuanced, contextual, and holistic view of information from observation and thought, not just piecemeal experimentation of discrete, individu…

Different vested interests have manipulated language to downplay, deflect, and shift public attention away from blaming political leaders for ignoring the clear scientific consensus behind the climate emergency.

Morrison’s astonishingly clumsy spinning of the crisis has, in fact, ignited a political firestorm and led to a public and international outpouring of blame.

Sten Hansson’s linguistic case study on blame avoidance in government lays out the many ways that political leaders have sought to reframe scandals and political firestorms to escape accountability.

Political leaders can use a “discursive power abuse” through language to manipulate communication and public perception.

It has ta…

He promptly, but naively, sent it all to Nigerian scammers, who had promised him a cool $50 million in return.

The stories are colorful variations of each other, but the language used to tell them are key to capturing a potential mark’s (greedy) imagination.

Nigerian 419 cons (the number refers to the fraud section of the Nigerian Criminal Code) are practically the oldest scams on the internet.

In the updated 419 Nigerian scam, the potential mark is asked to pay a small advance fee, or asked to send their bank information or personal details to help move funds that have been locked up, perhaps in a foreign country, or somewhere plausibly difficult.

The language scammers use to impress and f…

And the tendency toward this kind of behavior is called “cancel culture.”Is the destructive power of cancel culture too much?

Cancel culture is, on the one hand, less severe than these acts of public shaming, because it is mostly linguistic and communicative.

This could explain why cancel culture seems so widespread, so virulently uncontrollable, and so dangerously unstable.

It’s this that makes cancel culture very much a part of modern life.

As language can be dangerous, and as crowd movements can be destructive, so can the cancel culture of “internet mobs” be damaging in the wrong contexts.

Keeping the news in a state of good health, in the age of social media, has become more urgent than ever.

By now, we may think we know fake headlines well enough not to fall into the trap.

It was, incredibly, literally true, yet because it didn’t accurately describe the context, wasn’t it also a kind of fake news?

In identifying misinformation, we often focus too closely on the superficial and obvious aspects of this shiny new concept of fake news—a fake clickbait headline accompanying a fake news article of actual falsehoods.

In one study on subtly misleading headlines, researchers found that headlines can affect how readers remember information and make inferences about the news.

This is a gerbera, also known as a gerbera daisy.

Take a closer look:The gerbera is also the Gerbera with a capital G, taxonomically, and the capital is fitting because it’s named after Traugott Gerber.

Gronovius first wrote of the Gerbera in 1737, and Linnaeus added it to his taxonomy the year after.

The Gerbera is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America, and certainly not to Germany, Russia, or other nearby parts of Europe.

Just as the flowers on the capitulum of a Gerbera are essentially the same thing developed differently, yare, gar, göra, and Gerbera (and a few other words in other languages) have all developed differently in different places from the same origin.

Some people feel a strong sense of responsibility and want to make things work as best they can.

He wrote a story one time about an optimistic chimpanzee who became President of the United States.

Empleomania is a weird-looking word, I’ll grant you that.

And, borrowed into English as empleomania, it has meant specifically ‘overweening desire to hold public office’.

Beyond that, empleomania isn’t intrinsically bad.

Here’s a question: Why is not to “To be, or not to be, this is the question”?

In some varieties of English, we can say “good question, that,” instead of “that is the question.” In Irish, one way “that is the question” can be translated is “sin í an cheist,” which has no verb – sin means “that” and í means “she” or “it” (the word for “question” is feminine), and an means “the.” So, lexically, whether that isis or is not is a question.

TheHamlet does not say “that is a question.” For him, there is only one question in this moment, and “To be, or not to be” is the question.

And the object is the question – well, it’s question, specified by the.

And the rest is… words, words, words.

Her first name, Aina, came from Latvia, like her mother.

As I might say in German, Aina ist die eine (Aina is the one).

Aina has, at times, been a popular name for women in Latvia.

The word aina means ‘always’ in both languages, but that’s not really where the name comes from; it’s originally an alternate form of Aino, which is the usual form of the name in both languages.

And from that, the one for me, now and always, happened to be named Aina, who is a sight to behold, poetry in motion.

Enter.”We know what a varlet is: a knave, a rogue, a scoundrel, a low sort, a villain – one whose crimes show violet on the sketch of life.

If you’re from North America and say valet as though it were French, then the resemblance with varlet isn’t as strong, but if you’re from England or another country where the English-style pronunciation is used, then it’s quite similar, especially if you don’t actually say the “r.” But the tone of varlet is quite different from that of valet… these days.

Is varlet an English reconstrual of varlet, or vice versa?

In French, varlet is a now-archaic term for a servant of a knight; it was an alternate form of valet.

Varlet, villain, knave, rogue, rascal: so…

I am a faint scabbald set within a formicated frail.

OK, fine, after so long in lockdown my meatshell is surely a formicated frail.

It obviously resembles scabbard and perhaps ribald and the family name Sibbald (which makes a cameo in Calgary place names; Sibbald’s rorqual is also an alternate name for the blue whale).

It’s not even on Urban Dictionary (you’d think some 14-year-old might have imagined something disgusting to say it means, but not yet).

And also, it seems, a word for the dim light glimmering from the back room of my mind: a faint scabbald set within a formicated frail.

We have reached a point of isopaleoscaticity.

Paleo-, or palaeo- if you use British-style spelling, is (via Latin) from παλαιός, which means ‘old’ – you will recognize it from paleontology.

(The polite dictionaries define it as ‘dung’ or ‘feces’ or or or, but the grand old English word for it is definitely shit.)

Isopaleoscaticity, /ˌaɪ.soʊ.ˌpeɪ.li.oʊ.skæ.ˈtɪ.sɪ.ti/, is the condition or degree of being the same old shit.

Yes, this is a new old word.

Not until today, when someone I follow on Twitter, @EbThen, tweeted, “I’m trying to figure out where the title of Baron Revelstoke came from.

It’s not the name of any of the places or estates or…”And I thought, wait, who is Baron Revelstoke?

We are now on the seventh Baron Revelstoke, Alexander Rupert Baring, who turned 50 on April 8, 2020.

But why is Lord Revelstoke called Lord Revelstoke?

The article gives just one clue about Revelstoke: “Membland, in about 1877, and the manor of Revelstoke were purchased by Edward Baring (1828–1897), who in 1885 was elevated to the peerage as ‘Baron Revelstoke of Membland’.”The manor of Revelstoke?

Tellus is a Roman goddess of the earth (yes, goddess in spite of being -us), and is earth personified, because earth is tellus.

You may know our planet as terra, but that comes (it seems) from tersa tellus, ‘dry earth’ – yes, terra is not related to tellus but is from a word meaning ‘dry’.

Adjectives relating to earth include tellurian and telluric; the element tellurium makes an ion, telluride, and from gold telluride we get the name of the Colorado town Telluride.

Tell us, mother Tellus, come,tell your rich telluric tale;I’ll lay my ear upon your earth,I’ll ground myself and I’ll be ground,so I will understand your storywhen I lie under your understorey.

Tellus mother, tell us, thentake o…

When you can do little else, you can still go for a walk: spazieren gehen.

Yes, I’m cheating today: spazieren is a German word, not an English one.

So spazieren is the German word for ‘walk’?

But if you’re going for a walk – or going strolling – that’s spazieren gehen.

So spazieren could be translated as ‘to stroll’.

I think warren will do nicely.

So yes, Warren is a cousin of warren.

One or both of those is also the source of warin, the other source of Warren, which means that the two Warrens are kissing cousins.

There are various counties and towns in the US called Warren, for example – one I think of right away is the little city of Warren, in Warren County, Pennsylvania; it’s a short drive south of Jamestown, New York, which, along with sharing a name with me, is also in the part of New York where my mother grew up.

And largely because of General Warren, the name Warren became a popular name for American boys.

But we all know that people tend to guess meanings of unfamiliar words on the basis of what other words they sound like.

For this reason, too, the meanings of words tend to gravitate towards other better-established words they sound or look like.

And so if a few words tend to have some details of sense and sound in common, it can become an attractor.

We expect this with onomatopoeic words – splat, boom, clunk, moo – but it’s also true with other words that have some element of sound symbolism.

First let’s add a couple of phonaesthematic words to The Coquette without changing anything else.

It’s been too long since I’ve done a pronunciation tip.

So here, to make up for that, are 23 of them.

It’s all 23 of Mozart’s operas and opera-like works, with the original language and what you might say in English.

I’ve done it in reverse chronological order, since people usually care more about the later ones.

If you’re just looking for a specific one, here are the times for all of them:0:41 Die Zauberflöte1:04 La clemenza di Tito1:23 Der Stein der Weisen1:44 Così fan tutte2:58 Don Giovanni3:39 Le nozze di Figaro4:02 Der Schauspieldirektor4:31 Lo sposo deluso4:50 L’oca del Cairo5:06 Die Entführung aus dem Serail5:44 Idomeneo, re di Creta6:16 Zaide6:20 Thamos, König in Ägypten7:06 Il re p…

(a) wen mi ier di bap bap, mi drap a groun an denwhen I heard the bap bap [the shots], I fell to the ground and thenmi staat ron.

(b) When I heard the shot (bap, bap), I drop the gun, and then I run.

AAVE has been studied extensively by linguists, who have shown that it is a systematic and rule-governed dialect of English like any other.

They start by closely analysing over 15 hours of Jeantel’s recorded speech, to see how it compares to that of other AAVE speakers.

In the Zimmerman case, Rickford and King show that Jeantel used several preverbal tense-aspect markers in her speech, such as stressed BIN, completive, and habitual.

Through this research, we can see that thanks responses in English are not very frequent on the whole.

This is in contrast to some other languages.

In addition, the sensitivity of thanks responses to socio-economic setting suggest that they are a subtle form of cultural encoding, with common responses in LARC-up and LARC-mid restaurants possibly signalling formality.

Furthermore, thanks responses do not appear to be very standardized, with a wide range of forms being used, especially in LARC-mid and LARC-low.

The fact that the type of service performed elicits differing thanks responses across the different socio-economic settings reinforces the sense that these small linguistic acts are ac…

This is a question that some recent research has addressed.In their recent research report, Elminger, Schwade and Goldstein examined the function of babbling in infants’ language development.

Previous research has suggested that parents’ speech will match the child’s current age, changing as the child grows.

So, in general, it seems that parents may simplify the whole structure of their speech in response to their child’s babble, suggesting that infant babbling really does influence the adult response.

It may be that this immature, pre-speech babble is actually engineered by the child to create language learning opportunities through eliciting simplified, easy-to-learn responses from their …

In other words, would a candidate with, say a Multicultural London English accent, be perceived as less professional or competent as their Received Pronunciation speaking peers?

To create the mock interviews, we had 10 speakers (2 of each accent) record 10 good and 10 poor interview responses.

They were then asked to evaluate whether they thought the answer was a 'good' answer or a 'poor' answer.

The high quality answers are in yellow and the lower quality answers are in green.

So, it's possible that accent bias might influence the candidate's progression later on down the line.

The second part of our study, detailed here, investigated how people responded to recordings of speakers with different accents to see if the same accent bias exists in speech.

To examine these questions, we recorded 10 speakers of 5 different accents (2 speakers each).

Younger participants, however, did not show this pattern.

On the right are the older participants and on the left, the younger participants.

We proposed that the more prejudiced people were, the lower their ratings of the different accents would be.

We've developed a series of Language Investigations and Teaching Units that helps students and teachers develop a research project of their own!

It's therefore possible that people view these accents much more positively than they did 50 years ago.However, this study examines only responses to 'accent labels'.

What would we find if we played actual audio recordings of these accents to participants?

In the next blog post, we introduce the findings from the second part of our study.

In the meantime, you can find our more about the project by visiting the project website.

Did you know that as well as the 'Research Digest', we also maintain the 'Teach Real English!'

Our site is an archive of spoken English Language Teaching resources that have been developed by Linguists at Queen Mary University of London.

Our website includes:A database of spoken English (containing sound clips and transcripts)Language Investigations for exploring the English language in every day situationsA range of Teaching Units designed to offer secondary school teachers of English language up-to-date examples of English language useGlossaries and descriptions of spoken English featuresThe materials have been designed for teachers of GCSE and GCEA-Level English Language, but they may be…

In their 2007 study, they report on a BBC survey that collected 5010 respondents’ evaluations of 34 different accents.

The researchers also asked a series of questions about whether the respondent liked hearing different accents to test whether their attitudes towards accents and dialects influenced their ratings of the different accent labels.

Coupland and Bishop find that, for social attractiveness, accents such as, andare generally positively evaluated, whilst accents such as, andwere typically down-rated – that is, they score much lower.

Interestingly, accents such asandare rated far higher for attractiveness than for prestige, whereasandare all ranked higher for prestige than for attra…

African American women have frequently been depicted as ‘fierce’ or ‘sassy’, even in very old media representations of this community.

These representations are obviously very problematic since they are based on racialised and essentialised ideas about the personal qualities of African American women.

Returning to the Twitter data, Ilbury argues that these representations are helpful in explaining why the men are using features of AAVE.

He suggests that it is exactly that this ‘sassy’ meaning that the men are ‘activating’ by using components of AAVE.

Ilbury, Christian (Online First/2019) “Sassy Queens”: Stylistic orthographic variation in Twitter and the enregisterment of AAVE.

Rather, they can extract massive datasets of social media data to examine where in the country these words are used most.

This finding is shown in the graphic below, where for all of the 8 words, the Twitter maps look comparable to those created for the BBC Voices project.

For instance, consider the maps for the word ‘bairn’ – a word that means ‘child’ is typically heard in northern UK dialects (second row, right).

Nevertheless, with these issues aside, Grieve and colleagues’ analysis suggests that the findings observed in large-scale dialectal surveys are largely mirrored in the Twitter data.

As such, we can expect more and more sociolinguistic research to examine data from social media si…

But, what if I told you that the Queen’s speech isn’t the same as it was in more recent decades than, say, in the 1950’s.

By examining the Queen’s Christmas address across three different time periods (1950’s, late 1960/ early 70’s, 1980’s), Harrington and his colleagues examined how the changing social landscape related to the Queen’s English.

They also compared the Queen’s pronunciation of these vowels with data from Standard Southern British English speaking females to see how the Queen’s speech related to more general patterns of speech.

They also compared the Queen’s pronunciation of these vowels with data from Standard Southern British English speaking females to see how the Queen’s s…

Lucy Jones of the University of Nottingham did a study on a group of LGBT youths, looking particularly at the way that they used language to construct their own identity.

Her research took place in a youth group that specifically supported those who identified as LGBT or who questioned their gender or sexual identity.

Jones identified three ways in which these young people negotiated their identity.

Jones argued that this creates a disconnect between being gay and performing a gay identity, and hence deliberately distancing themselves from it.

Glossary - Cisgender: Someone whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth------------------------------------------------------…

As one of the best-selling pop artists of our time, Lady Gaga is a name few would fail to recognise.

The term ‘stance’ refers to the way that people align or position themselves in relation to some object, person or idea.

The notion of stance-taking refers to the actual process of making that alignment, which is usually achieved through communication.

The term ‘stance’ refers to the way that people align or position themselves in relation to some object, person or idea.

The notion of stance-taking refers to the actual process of making that alignment, which is usually achieved through communication.

If you’ve spent even a day casually browsing the Internet, you’re probably aware of the stereotypes of a 'typical white girl'.

There are, of course, language features associated with the stereotypical white girl too.

One comes from the popular Teenage girl problems, where the white girl character is performed in a way that mocks her stereotypical concerns.

One comes from the popular Sh*t white girls say Youtube series, looking specifically at two videos that discuss what white girls say to black and Latina girls.

Ultimately, there are a number of ideological stances that the white girl character can be used for.

Well, if you were just about anywhere in 2014, you might recall her smash hit song 'Fancy' featuring Charli XCX.

In fact, that song was so popular that it earnt Iggy Ig's a Billboard award for the 'biggest ever hit for a female rapper'.

------------------------------------------------------------But, why does Iggy sound 'Black'?

But, as a White Australian, Iggy doesn't really look or sound like a Hip-Hop artist... Hip-Hop in an Australian accent doesn't seem to work!

But, whilst she might be able to speak AAE like a native speaker, it seems that her performance is still pretty problematic.

Let’s celebrate by looking back at some of my favourite posts from the past year:Because InternetMy book about internet language came out in July 2019.

Here are a few of my favourite blog posts about it:I also did over 200 media interviews for the book, but I’ve already summarized those on my 2019 year in review post.

But for year 8, I’ve found myself needing to add a delightful new one.

LingthusiasmWe celebrated our third year of making Lingthusiasm, a podcast that’s enthusiastic about linguistics!

(See photos of all the Lingthusiasm merch here.)

Let’s celebrate by looking back at some of my favourite posts from the past year:Because InternetMy book about internet language came out in July 2019.

LingthusiasmWe celebrated our third year of making Lingthusiasm, a podcast that’s enthusiastic about linguistics!

A series on Weird Internet CareersA reflection on how starting All Things Linguistic back in 2012 was the seed that led to all of the interesting and exciting things I’m doing now, including writing articles, writing a book, and doing the podcast – and how to approach trying to do something similar.

You can see my favourite posts of year one, year two, year three, year four, year five, year six and year seven.

For shorter updates…

As part of this study, Pouw instructed 3 men and 3 women to make a monotone sound, such as ‘aaaa’, while using all kinds of different hand and arm movements.

Not only did they guess which movements were made, but, in many cases, they were also able to mimic these movements simultaneously.

It is easy to measure differences in pitch and volume.

It is remarkable that listeners unconsciously identify at what point movement causes these differences.

“The subjects not only picked up the speed of the movement, but they also heard the location of the movement.”

Lingthusiasm Episode 44: Schwa, the most versatile English vowelThe words about, broken, council, potato, and support have something in common – they all contain the same sound, even though they each spell it with a different letter.

In this episode of Lingthusiasm, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne get enthusiastic about why the schwa is cool enough to get its own name!

–This month’s bonus episode is about numbers!

Support Lingthusiasm on Patreon to get access to the numbers episode, as well as 38 other bonus episodes, and to chat with fellow lingthusiasts in the Lingthusiasm patron Discord.

Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] comGretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC…

Now we want to help a new generation of Linguistics Communication projects get off the ground.

Looking to support emerging lingcomm projects?

The LingComm Grant is 4 grants of $500 for communicating linguistics to broader audiences in 2020.

as long as it is still June 1 anywhere in the world)Winners announced: Winners and Lingthusiasm patrons will find out Friday July 3rd.

For more details, visit the LingComm Grant websiteYou’ll find the Application form, answers to Frequently Asked Questions, and a list of existing lingcomm resources.

Now we want to help a new generation of Linguistics Communication projects get off the ground.

Looking to support emerging lingcomm projects?

The LingComm Grant is 4 grants of $500 for communicating linguistics to broader audiences in 2020.

as long as it is still June 1 anywhere in the world)Winners announced: Winners and Lingthusiasm patrons will find out Friday July 3rd.

For more details, visit the LingComm Grant websiteYou’ll find the Application form, answers to Frequently Asked Questions, and a list of existing lingcomm resources.

Verlon Jose of the Tohono O’Odham Nation says that elders were slow to believe the news of the pandemic when it came, but in his community, as in most, compliance with lockdown orders has taken hold.

He and his son, however, worry about the loss of the knowledge of the elders in their community, where five have died.

Mr Jose says that though the language is not at death’s door, its cultural embedding is weakening.

At 52 he is reluctantly taking on an elder’s role he is not quite sure he is ready for.

Or, as Verlon Jose puts it: “Every time we lose an elder, another chapter of our history closes.”

Thanks to the Lingthusiasm patrons, who make it possible for us to keep making Lingthusiasm, we’re offering a grant for a lingcomm project that helps linguistics reach new audiences.

Looking to support emerging lingcomm projects?

The LingComm Grant is 4 grants of $500 for communicating linguistics to broader audiences in 2020.

as long as it is still June 1 anywhere in the world)Winners announced: Winners and Lingthusiasm patrons will find out Friday July 3rd.

For more details, visit the LingComm Grant websiteYou’ll find the Application form, answers to Frequently Asked Questions, and a list of existing lingcomm resources.

As part of this study, Pouw instructed 3 men and 3 women to make a monotone sound, such as ‘aaaa’, while using all kinds of different hand and arm movements.

Not only did they guess which movements were made, but, in many cases, they were also able to mimic these movements simultaneously.

It is easy to measure differences in pitch and volume.

It is remarkable that listeners unconsciously identify at what point movement causes these differences.

“The subjects not only picked up the speed of the movement, but they also heard the location of the movement.”

Swedish, Greek, Hungarian, and Czech have a wealth of language resources, created one human at a time over centuries.

They’re the languages of entire nation-states, with national TV and radio recordings that can be used as the foundation for text-to-speech models.

Their speakers have the kind of disposable income that makes media companies translate popular novels and subtitle foreign movies and TV shows.

Language resources don’t just appear.

Creating parallel corpora and other language resources takes years, if it happens at all, and cost tens of millions of dollars per language.

Describing grammar for language learners: Living Languages Learners Guide for Pama-Nyungan revitalisationLiving Languages have created a Learners Guide grammar template, for people who want to create language-learning materials for their language.

The Learners Guide is written in plain English, and includes extensive information about what could be included, and how to talk about it.

From the Living Languages website:The template has been written with Pama-Nyungan revitalisation languages in mind.

The Learners Guide was a major project for Living Language in 2019.

The Learners Guide template document can be requested from Living Languages through their website.

Describing grammar for language learners: Living Languages Learners Guide for Pama-Nyungan revitalisationLiving Languages have created a Learners Guide grammar template, for people who want to create language-learning materials for their language.

The Learners Guide is written in plain English, and includes extensive information about what could be included, and how to talk about it.

From the Living Languages website:The template has been written with Pama-Nyungan revitalisation languages in mind.

The Learners Guide was a major project for Living Language in 2019.

The Learners Guide template document can be requested from Living Languages through their website.

IPA ChartsInteractive IPA ChartA free, web-based IPA chart.

Introduction to IPA ConsonantsThe Art of Language Invention, Episode 21: Ejectives and ImplosivesA short explanation and demonstration of implosive consonants.

Essential of Linguistics: 2.8 DiphthongsA short technical video about diphthongs with mini-quiz below; dry but informative.

Breaks each vowel grapheme down into the different IPA symbols it’s likely to represent in English.

Tech TipsTypeIt: IPA Phonetic SymbolsAn easy-to-use website that lets you easily type IPA symbols (either full IPA or language-specific subsets) into a text box, which you can then copy-paste elsewhere as needed.

IPA ChartsInteractive IPA ChartA free, web-based IPA chart.

This would be good for a more complete and technical look at phonology and the IPA.

Essential of Linguistics: 2.8 DiphthongsA short technical video about diphthongs with mini-quiz below; dry but informative.

Breaks each vowel grapheme down into the different IPA symbols it’s likely to represent in English.

Tech TipsTypeIt: IPA Phonetic SymbolsAn easy-to-use website that lets you easily type IPA symbols (either full IPA or language-specific subsets) into a text box, which you can then copy-paste elsewhere as needed.

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So, my normal practice is to think thoughts, "let my fingers do the walking", and enjoy watching what appears on the computer screen.

I do keep a close watch on what is being spewed out onto the computer screen.

Imagine my surprise and amusement earlier this morning when I wanted to type "so boring and meaningless", but what my fingers put up on the screen — in real time as I was watching it take place — was "so borrowing and meaningless".

Instead of the six letters of "boring", my fingers staccato punched out the nine letters of "borrowing", and three syllables instead of two syllables.

This was not a problem of auto-correct; my fingers really did type "borrowing", even though my mind was …

« previous post |So my mother's friend's husband is stuck in a hotel in Saudi Arabia and this is the order menu they gave himDo I have any Arabic speaking followers that can help make sense of this but also, tag yourself, I'm "Normal doubt" pic.twitter.com/MVemyCCON9— Vlada ✨😈✨ (@vladadraws) May 24, 2020

Four miles to the south, Little Crum Creek runs into Crum ("crooked", from Dutch) Creek.

Some of the happiest days of my life have been spent running and walking through Crum Woods, though which Crum Creek flows, just to the west of Swarthmore College.

My brother lives in Walla Walla (Washington).

For me, the name of the town has always had a droll ring to it (the Three Stooges mentioned Walla Walla humorously).

", Generally, the difference is size: you can step over a brook, jump over a creek, wade across a stream, and swim across a river.

A vendor on the e-commerce site Etsy wanted to sell facemasks that said "NYC Strong" in Yiddish – but the final product said "NYC Crotch" instead.

The trouble began when they tried to sell a "NYC Strong" mask using the Yiddish word for strong, shtark.

But while Yiddish is written right-to-left, like Hebrew, the Yiddish letters in shtark were printed left-to-right, meaning that anyone looking at it the correct way would read shtark backwards – as "crotch."

"My family had a good laugh over it and I thought, 'I will never add anything up again in a language I am unfamiliar with.

#helloHudsonYards pic.twitter.com/yKvURFrS3h — Jeff Schwartz (@Jeffurry312) March 16, 2019On the sign, Hebrew שלום s…

It is obviously homophonous with "lóng de chuánrén 笼的传人" ("heirs to the cage") which already creates an atmosphere of irony around the picture.

Hou however was surprised that the song was used as an expression of pro-China sentiment, and said: "You have totally misread my intention!"

The song states that China is the dragon, and Chinese people the "Descendants of the Dragon".

Although the use of Chinese dragon as a motif has a long history, using dragon to represent the Chinese people only became popular since the 1970s.

Although the Qing government used the dragon as its imperial symbol on the flag of China, it was only during the early Republican era that the dragon began to be used to re…

This sex bias was true of infants either at high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) for autism.

The canonical babbling ratio (CBR) is the number of canonical syllables, such as [ba], divided by the total number of syllables an infant produces, including non-canonical syllables, usually vowellike sounds.

[…]It is possible that the sex difference is not closely related to language capability — the CBR did not show a sex difference — but rather to a difference in the tendency to vocalize, perhaps owing to sex differences in motoric activity level in infancy [7].

:This audible endogenous motoric activity, usually produced by infants in comfort, might be motivated by its value as a fitness signal for th…

Last summer, the liberal host told her viewers that the Trump-friendly conservative network "really literally is paid Russian propaganda."

Because Maddow used the word "literally" (i.e., OAN is "literally" paid Russian propaganda), Plaintiff asserts it would be unreasonable to find the statement to be hyperbolic.

What is noteworthy about the word "literally" is its conflicting definitions.

Although Maddow used the word "literally," this does not necessarily mean the phrase should be taken to be factual.

Nowadays, as evidenced by the two conflicting definitions of the word "literally," use of the word can be hyperbolic.

Unfortunately, the CCP began encroaching on the treaty accorded rights of Hong Kong citizens from the moment they assumed sovereignty 23 years ago.

Now, during the plenary two sessions that are currently going on, the CCP has decided to impose what it calls the "National Security Law" (Guójiā ānquán fǎ 國家安全法) on Hong Kong 27 years ahead of schedule.

Hong Kong pig = selfish, narrow-minded Hongkonger (person whose place of residence is Hong Kong) who is apolitical by being indifferent or even hostile toward Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement and does not care about anything except making money and getting ahead in his or her career.

Hotdog = Civic Passion, a political party in Hong Kong, whic…

In the tradition of Chinese language, the trisyllabic (sān yán 三言) meter is usually for folk songs, prophecy, or nursery rhymes, primarily to enhance mnemonic efficacy.

One of the most famous sān yán 三言 ("trisyllabic") poems is 《Chūnrì xíng 春日行》 ("Ballad of a Spring Day") by Bào Zhào 鲍照 (c. 414-466).

In any case, since the sentences on this board all have to be trisyllabic, the object of lí 离" ("depart; leave") has to be omitted.

Since lí 离 could serve as the factor verb in líhūn 离婚 "to divorce", no wonder a native speaker would tend to read it as "immediately divorce" rather than "immediately leave the place" at a marriage office!!

The main cause of such a farce is still the carelessness a…

Before I saw this table of equivalencies between Singlish and English, all that I knew about "circuit breaker" was that it is a device for interrupting the flow of current in an electrical line when a problem arises.

Not all markets have them, but the idea is that in highly volatile trading the circuit breaker kicks in to allow everyone to reassess positions and risks before trading commences again.

Google "circuit breaker fiasco China" [without quotation marks] to see what happens when they are ill thought out.

In Singapore, the government here has been in panic for weeks and months.

So you see, whatever the clowns in government call it, the reality is circuit breaker.

« previous post |Some forms of religious observance have increased during our time of social distancing, especially this one:Among the notable testaments recently emerging from this denomination is the Quarantine Cat Film Festival:Permalink

I thought enough to say /xomski/, but the teacher surprised me when he said /naum/.

I checked the Hebrew and Yiddish Wikipedia pages, and they both say נועם, which according to the Noam page is a Hebrew name meaning 'pleasantness'.

This is a different name from the prophet Nahum (Hebrew: נַחוּם 'consolation') which is Наум in Russian.

Recalling that Hebrew's kamatz vowel (pronounced /a/ in Modern Hebrew) could be /o/ in Ashkenazi and Yiddish, e.g.

Given all this, my theory is that Chomsky's family named him Noam with נַחוּם in mind, which they may have pronounced something like /no.əm/.

« previous post |[This is a guest post by Stephen Plant]I came across 'connorant' the other day, as in "gannets, connorants, vultures" in Ulysses.

It was on the Guardian website.

In my Penguin copy of Ulysses (p 526) it's spelt 'cormorant' (perhaps editions differ?).

There are a surprising number of references to 'connorant' on line.

I suppose the Ulysses connorants have a common ancestor, but the word connorant crops up in scientific journals too — here and here.

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

Margaret E. Boyle reviews Janet Hendrickson’s translation of Sebastián de Covarrubias Horozco’s 1611 dictionary, Treasure of the Castilian or Spanish Language, and Nicholas R. Jones’s study of “Africanized Castilian” language, Staging ‘Habla de Negros’, for Public Books.

I found the discussion of Covarrubias particularly interesting:Over a century after the imperial events of 1492, an enormous monolingual Spanish dictionary was published, which has now been excerpted and translated into English for the first time, by Hendrickson.

Covarrubias’s Treasure of the Castilian or Spanish Language was a new kind of book, one whose function was stunningly unlike Nebrija’s grammar.

“I translated entri…

byI’ve finished Yury Dombrovsky’s Хранитель древности, translated by Glenny as The Keeper of Antiquities , rendering the name under which Novy mir insisted on publishing it in 1964; I prefer to call it The Keeper of Antiquity, following Dombrovsky’s original title (restored in later book publication).

The voivode demands bribes, and Razin gives him valuable things, but when the voivode demands his rich new fur coat, Razin refuses.

Отдашь, так спасибо;Не отдашь — повешуЧто во чистом полеНа зеленом дубе,На зеленом дубе,Да в собачьей шубе».

This is a paraphrase of Pushkin’s “Отдашь, так спасибо; Не отдашь — повешу” [If you give it, then thanks; If you don’t, I’ll hang you], and the echo of the…

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

I went to the North Korean collection at the National Library in Seoul and started reading their number one literary journal.

All my preconceived notions of North Korean lit were coming true, and I was bored out of my mind.

I thought, I can’t say anything significant about North Korean literature!

As soon as I opened it up, the novel was very different from your usual North Korean literature.

In the 1980s, there were a lot of North Korean novels that brought out the strength of women.

I’m surprised I’ve never posted about Daniil Kharms on LH, considering how much I love him, so I’m happy to find Alex Cigale’s The Absolute Nonsense of Daniil Kharms (Numéro Cinq IV:1, 2013), which presents translations of his poetry and prose with a preface, which I will excerpt:The artlessness of Daniil Kharms, in accord with his age (in the wake of Satie, and Duchamp and Ernst, Kokoschka and the German Expressionists, yet almost certainly unaware of them and without precedent other than say Gogol in Russian) is Anti-art.

[…] Thumb-twiddling boredom, repetition, hoaxes, and other violations of expectations in evidence here are dissonant and discomfiting in themselves.

Elsewhere, Kharms st…

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

– Сейчас у меня задышка и грудь ломит.

Скажи, что это вот тут, под лопатками, колет?

Вот тут, тут, смотри.

Иногда будто ничего, а иногда так подопрет, вот тут, – он ткнул себя пальцем под лопатку, – ой-ой-ой!

Look, over there.” The old man had brought Petka the plumber with him and they had been blowing through the heating pipes.

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

SongdogKaleidoscopeThe Daily Growler †wood s lot †MetaFilteran eudæmonistAvva (Russian)Naked TranslationsNo-swordThe Cassandra PagesTransblawgHaquelebacFar OutlierspaperpoolsLizok's BookshelfA Bad GuidePoemas del río WangThe Flaxen WaveТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

Armstrong then attended the University of Chicago, translating his interest in socioeconomic theories to the study of cultural anthropology.

A special dispensation allowed Armstrong to prolong his induction for six weeks in order to write an abbreviated thesis paper.

[…]Following the end of hostilities, Armstrong was transferred to the Office of Military Government for Germany as a Russian translator.

There, he conducted field research on the Yoruba people of Western Nigeria using a grant from the Social Science Research Council.

Robert Armstrong died in Lagos, Nigeria in May 1987.

Commented-On Language Hat Posts (courtesy of J.C.; contains useful Random Link feature)My LanguagesMy HatsE-mail:languagehat AT gmail DOT comMy name is Steve Dodson; I'm a retired copyeditor currently living in western Massachusetts after many years in New York City.

If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get links to new posts here as they appear.

You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!

This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor.

It's a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news."

An early highlight of my reading year has been Lydia Davis’s Collected Stories.

But I may mean consumed it: I haven’t consumed it because I was already eating the carrot.

Another entry from that story:Driving in the rain, I see a crumpled brown thing ahead in the middle of the road.

I feel sadness for it and for all the animals I have been seeing in the road and by the edge of the road.

Her stories can be extremely short, occasionally a paragraph or even just a phrase in length.

Every April the Cúirt literary festival kicks off the festival season in Galway, Ireland, where I live.

It’s operating online-only at the moment and has a selection of books by the Cúirt festival authors.

She says simultaneity helped recapture the festival buzz: people could book events on an official schedule and watch them in real time – together apart, as the new cliché goes.

The online festival also attracted people who ordinarily might not have attended.

For some, it was their first book festival.

For my monthly column at Macmillan Dictionary Blog, I’ve been writing about these linguistic items.

So wet your appetite seems right.

The post shows how eggcorns differ from folk etymologies, malapropisms, and mondegreens.

I came across one just this morning (‘We might could work that together’) in the book I’m reading, Fear Itself by Walter Mosley – who also featured in my earlier post on multiple modals – but I never hear them spoken in Ireland.

*A complement of compliments aims to sort out these words and their associated adjectives, complimentary and complementary.

Rachel Cusk’s novel Outline has a passage on the challenges (and opportunities) of using a second language.

The narrator is giving a writing workshop in Athens and meets a woman who describes her experiences outside of English:She wasn’t quite sure how the language barrier was going to work: it was a funny idea, writing in a language not your own.

The personality was forced to adapt to its new linguistic circumstances, to create itself anew: it was an interesting thought.

There was a poem, she said, by Beckett that he had written twice, once in French and once in English, as if to prove that his bilinguality made him two people and that the barrier of language was, ultimately, impassable.

A…

If you’re lucky enough to have books and time at hand, here’s something fun you can do in lockdown: book spine poetry.

*All the Pieces MatterI choose to livea life in parts –insects’ flightfrom dream to dream,through the woodsbeyond the sea.

*Thanks to the authors and editors: Sabine Dardenne, Bryan Cranston, Bob Gibbons, Oona Frawley, Alannah Robins, Emily Carroll, Paul Lynch, Deborah Tannen, and Jonathan Abrams; and to Nina Katchadourian.

From Dream to Dream is a book I copy-edited last year published by my friends at Artisan House in Connemara.

Deborah Tannen has also appeared here before, including in an earlier book spine poem about language.

Language links ahoy.

Irish English as the new EU working language [my annotations]Emoji are to digital messages what gestures are to speech.

Lingo: a language magazine for younger readers.

Swahili, zombies, and language in culture.

[I nabbed a few links from Language Hat, who writes one of the most prolific, eclectic, and consistently interesting language blogs in existence.

It’s the etymological fallacy: the belief that a word’s older or original meaning is the only correct one or is automatically more correct than newer, conventionally accepted ones.

The original meaning is now vanishingly rare.

But decimate in the sense ‘kill one in ten’ is not entirely obsolete.

Severe overfishing has produced the literal decimation of shark populations (only 10 percent remaining) in the last half century, making contemporary shark science akin to extrapolation from the survivors of a global genocide.

I have nothing against the original meaning and was pleased to see it in the wild, though struck too by the need to modify it with literal and clarify it with a parenthetical …

Where ordinary words water our worlds with a garden hose, taboo words open a fire hydrant.

Cognitive psychologists rely on this fact; they sometimes use taboo words as distractors in stimulus-response experiments to slow down responses in contrast with ordinary words.

So why do we use taboo words in certain circumstances?

Taboo words are charged with a strong emotion and a sense of danger and of breaking norms, and they zap the discourse with that charge when we deploy them.

Language is behaviour, and loose use of taboo language is by definition misbehaviour.

And here in the virtual Strong Language enclave, we’re thinking about illness-inspired swearing.

But in two European languages, Dutch and Yiddish, the tradition of sickness-cursing is alive and thriving.

In American English you “laugh your ass off”; in Dutch you “laugh yourself the pleurisy” (lachen je de pleuris).

(Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the thin layers of tissue that separate the lungs from the chest wall.)

A kramp (a kram, a kortsh) im in layb (in boyakh, in di kishkes, in di gederem, in di finger).

This comes to us from aviation, where the throttles are topped with knobs and are pushed fully forward for maximum power.

First, the OED has no record of the term “monkey” or “brass monkey” used this way.

And third, a pyramid of cannonballs on the rolling deck of a wooden ship is a laughably bad idea.

In literature, in the period circa 1850–1930, we find examples of “blow the nose off a brass monkey,” “shave the whiskers off a brass monkey,” “freeze the tail off a brass monkey,” and Thomas Wolfe wrote “It would freeze the balls off a brass monkey — that’s how cold it gets.” It’s looking pretty solid that we’re talking testicles here.

It ain’t his natural stuff, he couldn’t break a wind-er p…

I have been disappointed, not least because some game inventors and game publishers indulge the same cynical punning on WTF as The Troll Pub.

To win, one of your fish cards has to swim to freedom, which is confusing, because cards don’t swim.

Where, on the superstore shelf, would I find a profanity game?

Well, I didn’t find the profanity game of my daydreams, but at least I have a bunch of new games for game nights.

Still, we need a good game about profanity for people who like profanity.

After that shocking exposé, we’ve earned a sweary tour through those scandalous marks that have made it onto the federal register.

Applying to register these before the Supreme Court eliminated the ban in 2019 would have been a complete waste of time and money.

Only 20 registered marks contain actual SHIT.

These include SHITSTORM for balls for games, EAU SHIT for perfumes, and OH SHIT I’M HUMAN for behavioral and holistic health services.

Plenty of SHIT marks are primed for registration, waiting only for the applicant to prove use in commerce.

This post set out to be a fun romp through the naughty marks in the U.S. federal trademark register.

but in the meantime I’ve learned about a distressing trend that’s stopping lots of sweary marks from attaining federal registration.

But the Supreme Court ruled reluctantly in 2019 that the statutory bar on registering “scandalous” trademarks is unconstitutional as an abridgment of the First Amendment’s freedom of speech.

Unfortunately, the USPTO has refused plenty of other sweary applications on the ground that they’re too “commonplace” to be trademarks.

MY DOODLE AND I TALK SHIT ABOUT YOU (clothes)It’s unclear whether these phrases could ever be trademarks under the USPTO’s theory.

Slang is playful and facetious, the story goes, the language by which groups hang together.

Yes, I’m talking about sex, or, more precisely, the language of sex — not copulate or get it on, but the relative value of fuck and bang or nail.

I don’t excuse hammer and tap, but I must point out that other slang indulges in metaphorical violence.

One can fuck people without meaning to puncture them with one’s prick, or any other *peuk-ing thing.

Adults they won’t listen to, anyway, should probably point that out to them, but the cycle of violent slang for sex and other things will probably be unbroken.

So it was a bit of a surprise when Warren’s campaign adopted “LFG” as an unofficial campaign slogan and began selling “You and Me LFG” merchandise.

LFG.” Elizabeth Warren: “Let’s do this.

I don’t know if you can cuss on here, but it’s LFG.” Warren: “Alright, Megan.

Urban Dictionary’s earliest entry linking LFG with “let’s fucking go” is from June 5, 2003.

https://t.co/g1YUKrH7zm — Gretchen McCulloch (@GretchenAMcC) January 28, 2020So WTF would you call the “F” in “LFG” as used by Megan Rapinoe, Elizabeth Warren, et al.?

"@rudebwoy_lamz: Bomboclaat pic.twitter.com/nFJOIHk7Sj" — Ikenna Anabor (@talk2anabs) September 19, 2019"@rudebwoy_lamz: Bomboclaat pic.twitter.com/0M5HBPmAOn" When you think you will last 4hours but after 4mins you're already pulling out.

https://t.co/LdPRTLRVYO — L A M A R🥀⚡ (@rudebwoy_lamz) October 16, 2019In languages worldwide, swears most often involve sex, hygiene, parents, and/or religion.

Jamaican Patois draws on the first two for these, especially the hygiene part, in bomboclaat and its siblings bloodclaat and rassclaat.

Rass can also be used as a stand-alone swear, a fact adeptly used by Kwame Dawes and Kellie Magnus in their splendid Patois translation of Go the Fuck to Sleep:Go…

First off, those little dots that appear in words like coöperation aren’t umlauts: they’re diaereses.

That is, the second o in coöperate has a diaeresis over it, but you’d say that the New Yorker uses diaereses in words with doubled vowels.

The word diaeresis comes from the Ancient Greek word for ‘division’, from diairein ‘to divide, separate’, from dia– ‘apart’ + hairein ‘take’.

Umlauts look just like diaereses—you could call diaereses and umlauts homoglyphic—but they’re used in a very different way and have a distinct origin.

For example, the modern German word schön was written schoene in Middle High German (around 1050 to 1350 AD).

The “Only” Comma, pt.

For this reason, in his book Dreyer’s English, Benjamin Dreyer calls the comma before a nonrestrictive appositive the “only” comma.

I gave her a controversial opinion: I would leave the comma out, because it simply doesn’t matter how many brothers Ryan has.

And even if they are, are they expecting that information to be communicated via a comma or the lack thereof?

Many of them don’t know what the comma is supposed to mean or even that it’s supposed to mean something.

My Latest for Grammar Girl: “Verbing Nouns and Nouning Verbs”A lot of people dislike it when nouns like task and dialogue are turned into verbs, but this process has been a normal part of English for centuries.

In my latest piece for Grammar Girl, I explain why we should all relax a little about verbing nouns.

Read the whole piece or listen to the episode here.

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Get 20 Percent Off at the Arrant Pedantry StoreToday and tomorrow only, you can get 20 percent off T-shirts and other items at the Arrant Pedantry Store.

Just use the code ANYTHING20 at checkout.

And remember that you can customize the design color and even put the designs on other items, including mugs and phone cases.

Just hit the pencil icon below the item and then pick the product you want.

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The Style Guide Alignment ChartI’ve been thinking a lot about style guides lately, and I decided that what the world really needs right now is the definitive style guide alignment chart.

Neutral Good: The MLA Handbook“A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do.” Look, the MLA Handbook certainly tries to do what’s right, even if it can’t make up its mind sometimes.

Lawful Neutral: The Elements of Style“A lawful neutral character acts as law, tradition, or a personal code directs her.” The Elements of Style, a.k.a.

Chaotic Evil: Publication Manual of the American Psychological AssociationA chaotic evil character is “arbitrarily violent” and “unpredictable.” Have you ever…

That’s My Name; Please Wear It OutRegular readers of this blog have probably noticed that my name has a slightly unusual spelling: it’s Jonathon rather than Jonathan.

My parents thought the -on form was the usual spelling, so that’s what they put on my birth certificate.

On a whim, I said Jon, so that’s what everyone called me.

And that’s how I’ve remained ever since.

But because of their similar forms, people conflate Jon and John and then start spelling Jonathan like Johnathan.

20 Percent Off at the Arrant Pedantry StoreThere’s a sale going on at the Arrant Pedantry Store today and tomorrow only.

Just use the code LOVE19 at checkout to get 20 percent off any order—there’s no minimum purchase.

And if you haven’t visited the store in a while, you might want to check out some of my new designs.

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Science and ShitA recent discussion on Twitter about whether the line “I’m gonna have to science the shit out out of this” was in Andy Weir’s book The Martian or was only found in the movie reminded me of one of my favorite facts: science and shit are related.

So let’s science the shit out of this etymology.

This means that shit probably started out as a euphemism.

In English, shit was fairly neutral for a long while and apparently didn’t become taboo until around 1600, at which point it mostly disappeared from print.

In Latin, the PIE root *skey gave rise to the verb scire ‘to know, to understand’.

An Etymological WorkoutIf you’re like me and are still trying to get back into the swing of things after a nice holiday break, you might be having a little trouble focusing on work.

You might even be suffering from a mild case of ergophobia, or the fear of work.

Work comes from the Proto-Germanic *werkam, which in turn comes from the Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom, ultimately from the root *werǵ ‘to make’.

It also apparently gives us the name George, a name meaning ‘farmer’ or ‘husbandman’, which comes from ge ‘earth’ + ergon ‘work’, literally ‘earth worker’.

The Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom also yielded the Germanic bulwark (literally ‘bole work’ or ‘tree work’), which originally meant a defen…

Black Friday Sale at the Arrant Pedantry StoreIt’s Black Friday (ugh), but from now through Sunday, everything at the Arrant Pedantry Store is 15 percent off (yay!).

Now’s a great chance to get a word-nerdy shirt for that special someone in your life (or for yourself).

Or if you wait until Monday, you can get 15 percent off and free shipping, which I think is the best sale that Spreadshirt has ever offered.

Just hit the Customize button, find the design you want, and put it on whatever product you want.

You can put Battlestar Grammatica on an iPhone case or I Could Care Fewer on a tote bag.

Q: Lately I have seen several references to “black swan” meaning an unexpected event or an anomaly.

A: The use of the phrase “black swan” to mean a rare or unexpected occurrence ultimately comes from a passage in the Satires of the Roman poet Juvenal.

The Latin passage is also the source of another English term for a rarity, “rara avis.”In Satire VI, Juvenal describes a wife with what he considers all the right qualities—looks, charm, money, fertility, and ancestry—as “rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cygno” (“a bird rare on earth and similar to a black swan”).

When Juvenal was writing in the late first and early second centuries, Romans believed that all swans were white, so a black …

Even so, Amen.”A: Although the phrase “even so” means “nevertheless” or “in spite of that” today, it has had several other senses that are now considered archaic.

The 12 poems of Christ I are in The Exeter Book, a 10th-century collection of Anglo-Saxon poetry.

From a sermon written circa 1415 and collected in Middle English Sermons (1940), by Woodburn O. Ross.

Even so, Amen.”The OED cites another example from the King James Version.

And check out our books about the English language and more.

As a main verb, “need” is inflected—that is, it changes according to its subject and tense.

As a main verb, “need” can be used with auxiliary forms of “do” (“he doesn’t need coffee,” “did she need to leave?”).

When it’s the main verb, “need” can be used in any kind of clause—whether statement or question, negative or positive.

As the Cambridge Grammar puts it, the modal “need” is “restricted to non-affirmative contexts” (the Comprehensive Grammar calls them “nonassertive contexts”).

In those first three respects—verb agreement, complements, and use with “do”—the modal “need” behaves just like “must,” “should,” and the other common modals.

My husband, who had a recording company for years, was writing about an album of sea chanties he recorded when his spellchecker changed it to “sea shanties.” Surprised, he typed “sea chantey or sea shanty?” in Google and was told the proper spelling was “shanty.” How does this kind of nonsense take hold?

All 10 standard dictionaries we regularly consult consider “shanty” an acceptable spelling of the word for a sailor’s song.

All five of the American dictionaries have entries for “chantey,” with standard variant spellings given as “chanty,” “shanty,” and “shantey.” All five British dictionaries list “shanty” as the only standard spelling, though one includes “chantey” as an “archaic North A…

Q: I’ve long wondered about the use of the American word “butt” to denote the backside.

The word is used in the West in such phrases as, ‘I fell on my butt,’ ‘He kick’d my butt.’ ”As for which came first, “butt” or “buttock,” the OED says “buttock” was “apparently formed” by adding the diminutive suffix “-ock” to “butt.”However, the dictionary points out that “butt” was “first attested later” than “buttock” in the hindquarters sense.

In other words, “butt” apparently existed in speech, but not writing, before “buttock” was recorded.

The -uc ending here was a diminutive, so buttuc apparently referred to a little butt, though butt by itself wasn’t recorded in Old English.

Are the unrecorded O…

Q: Which is correct, Mother’s Day or Mothers’ Day?

In “Memorializing Motherhood: Anna Jarvis and the Defense of Her Mother’s Day,” Antolini says Jarvis wanted the singular possessive to emphasize that the day was to honor one’s own mother, not mothers in general.

On May 9, 1908, Senator Elmer Burkett, a Nebraska Republican, introduced a resolution to recognize the following day as Mother’s Day.

In 1912, Jarvis trademarked the phrases “Mother’s Day” and “second Sunday in May,” and established the Mother’s Day International Association to promote the holiday around the world.

On May 8, 1914, the US Congress passed a law designating the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day, and on May 9, 1914,…

Q: Why do we say “twenty-four,” “thirty-four,” “forty-four,” etc., but we don’t say “onety-four” for “fourteen”?

A: The suffix “-ty” here denotes multiples of ten, so “twenty-four” would be two tens plus four, “thirty-four” would be three tens plus four, and so on.

This system dates back to Old English, the language of the Anglo-Saxons, where “-ty” was tig, “twenty” was twentig, and “thirty” was þrítig.

In Old English writing, “-teen” was –téne, -tīene, etc., “fourteen” was féowerténe, and “fifteen” was fífténe, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

You may be wondering why “eleven” isn’t “oneteen” and “twelve” isn’t “twoteen” in Modern English.

As it happens, we know a hair stylist of Albanian origin, so he not only speaks Albanian but he knows all about textured hair.

“ ‘Textured hair’ is the description of the curl pattern of the hair, like curly or wavy,” he says.

as opposed to smooth or plain.”So apparently “textured hair” simply means any hair that isn’t straight.

“What I mean when talking about ‘textured hair’ is hair that has some kind of curl pattern to it,” he says.

Try mini-braids or one of the new textured hair styles.”In early use, as in these examples from the black press, the phrase was sometimes preceded by “Afro-” or “African”:“Syreeta [Scott, a Philadelphia hair stylist] used Afro-kinky textured hair to create thi…

Q: Do you know the history of the statement “guilty as charged”?

The OED doesn’t have an entry for “guilty as charged” and the expression doesn’t appear in citations given for any other terms.

Finally, our searches indicate that the figurative use of “guilty as charged” to make light of an accusation showed up in the late 19th century.

The earliest example we’ve found is from the March 12, 1898, issue of the Weekly Messenger in St. Martinville, LA.

And ‘Guilty as charged’ is the next line.

It’s “a coronavirus,” but many people refer to it as “the coronavirus.” It seems obvious that we shouldn’t use the definite article.

The name of the virus, “SARS-CoV-2,” for example, is an abbreviated version of “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.” And the name of the disease, “Covid-19,” is short for “coronavirus disease 2019” (the year it emerged).

However, Dictionary.com (based on the old Random House Unabridged) consistently uses “the coronavirus” in an explanatory essay: “a pandemic like the coronavirus” … “words related to the coronavirus” … “the difference between the coronavirus and the plague,” and so on.

News organizations have reported on the current pandemic for on…

Q: At breakfast on Shrove Tuesday, we had a big platter of bacon strips, and wondered, “Why do you suppose they’re called rashers?” So I checked to see if you’d covered that topic and came up dry.

As you already know, a “rasher” is a strip of bacon, and “rashers” means several strips (who can eat just one?).

Occasionally, the word has been applied to other cuts of meat, as in these OED citations: “A rasher of Mutton or Lambe” (1623); “some rashers of pork” (1756); “Great rashers of broiled ham” (1841); and “rashers of smoked whale” (1861).

Its examples include “a Cherry-Tart cut into Rashers” (1634); “a rasher of watermelon” (1890); and “a rasher of light bread” (1965).

As we all know, rasc…

Q: In recent years, I’ve observed “flight” used in restaurant menus for a selection of alcoholic drinks in a wine, beer, or whiskey tasting.

A: The word “flight” has been used for centuries as a collective term for an airborne group of things—birds, insects, angels, arrows, even clouds.

But “flight” as a restaurant term for a sampling of foods or drinks is much more recent, dating from the late 1970s.

The OED also has this example in which the “flight” is a selection of edibles: “They turned the dinner into a smoked salmon tasting….

We’ll end with a flight of alcoholic examples from the OED:“An inviting line-up of the famous single malt whiskeys available in tasting flights” (Sydney Morning…

3 says, “SEE that she has One Nose, One Mouth, One Tongue (a short one), One Fringe, and one only.” I am curious about this use of “fringe.” Any clues?

A: Sexism aside, how is “fringe” being used on that vintage postcard, and what’s the joke?

So “fringe” is meant in the British sense—a section of hair cut short across the forehead.

frenge, serico nigro, per uln’, 3d.” (The entry is for 14 ulns of black silk fringe at 3 pence per uln.

This accounts for uses like “the fringes of Paris,” “the fringe of society,” “fringe theater,” “the fringe vote,” and so on.

A: You won’t find the verbs “internet” or “science” in standard dictionaries, but there’s a case to be made for the verbing of the noun “internet.” In fact, the verb showed up in print just a year after the noun, though not in the sense you’re asking about.

When the noun “internet” first appeared in 1975, it referred to “a computer network comprising or connecting a number of smaller networks,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

However, none of the 10 standard dictionaries that we regularly consult have an entry for “internet” as a verb.

However, Oxford and four standard dictionaries include the adjective “scienced” as a rare or archaic usage.

Speaking for ourselves, we aren’t lik…

Q: Someone mentioned to me that the terms “high maintenance person” and “transitional relationship” come from the film When Harry Met Sally.

A: No, those expressions didn’t originate with the 1989 film When Harry Met Sally.

In the film, Harry (played by Billy Crystal) says, “There are two kinds of women: high maintenance and low maintenance.” Sally (Meg Ryan) later asks, “Which one am I?” And Harry responds, “The worst one.

The OED doesn’t include the expression “transitional relationship,” nor does it have any citations for “transitional” used to modify “man,” “woman,” or “person,” as the adjective is used in When Harry Met Sally.

However, we’ve found two examples for “transitional person”…

So, my normal practice is to think thoughts, "let my fingers do the walking", and enjoy watching what appears on the computer screen.

I do keep a close watch on what is being spewed out onto the computer screen.

Imagine my surprise and amusement earlier this morning when I wanted to type "so boring and meaningless", but what my fingers put up on the screen — in real time as I was watching it take place — was "so borrowing and meaningless".

Instead of the six letters of "boring", my fingers staccato punched out the nine letters of "borrowing", and three syllables instead of two syllables.

This was not a problem of auto-correct; my fingers really did type "borrowing", even though my mind was …

« previous post |So my mother's friend's husband is stuck in a hotel in Saudi Arabia and this is the order menu they gave himDo I have any Arabic speaking followers that can help make sense of this but also, tag yourself, I'm "Normal doubt" pic.twitter.com/MVemyCCON9— Vlada ✨😈✨ (@vladadraws) May 24, 2020

Four miles to the south, Little Crum Creek runs into Crum ("crooked", from Dutch) Creek.

Some of the happiest days of my life have been spent running and walking through Crum Woods, though which Crum Creek flows, just to the west of Swarthmore College.

My brother lives in Walla Walla (Washington).

For me, the name of the town has always had a droll ring to it (the Three Stooges mentioned Walla Walla humorously).

", Generally, the difference is size: you can step over a brook, jump over a creek, wade across a stream, and swim across a river.

A vendor on the e-commerce site Etsy wanted to sell facemasks that said "NYC Strong" in Yiddish – but the final product said "NYC Crotch" instead.

The trouble began when they tried to sell a "NYC Strong" mask using the Yiddish word for strong, shtark.

But while Yiddish is written right-to-left, like Hebrew, the Yiddish letters in shtark were printed left-to-right, meaning that anyone looking at it the correct way would read shtark backwards – as "crotch."

"My family had a good laugh over it and I thought, 'I will never add anything up again in a language I am unfamiliar with.

#helloHudsonYards pic.twitter.com/yKvURFrS3h — Jeff Schwartz (@Jeffurry312) March 16, 2019On the sign, Hebrew שלום s…

It is obviously homophonous with "lóng de chuánrén 笼的传人" ("heirs to the cage") which already creates an atmosphere of irony around the picture.

Hou however was surprised that the song was used as an expression of pro-China sentiment, and said: "You have totally misread my intention!"

The song states that China is the dragon, and Chinese people the "Descendants of the Dragon".

Although the use of Chinese dragon as a motif has a long history, using dragon to represent the Chinese people only became popular since the 1970s.

Although the Qing government used the dragon as its imperial symbol on the flag of China, it was only during the early Republican era that the dragon began to be used to re…

This sex bias was true of infants either at high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) for autism.

The canonical babbling ratio (CBR) is the number of canonical syllables, such as [ba], divided by the total number of syllables an infant produces, including non-canonical syllables, usually vowellike sounds.

[…]It is possible that the sex difference is not closely related to language capability — the CBR did not show a sex difference — but rather to a difference in the tendency to vocalize, perhaps owing to sex differences in motoric activity level in infancy [7].

:This audible endogenous motoric activity, usually produced by infants in comfort, might be motivated by its value as a fitness signal for th…

Last summer, the liberal host told her viewers that the Trump-friendly conservative network "really literally is paid Russian propaganda."

Because Maddow used the word "literally" (i.e., OAN is "literally" paid Russian propaganda), Plaintiff asserts it would be unreasonable to find the statement to be hyperbolic.

What is noteworthy about the word "literally" is its conflicting definitions.

Although Maddow used the word "literally," this does not necessarily mean the phrase should be taken to be factual.

Nowadays, as evidenced by the two conflicting definitions of the word "literally," use of the word can be hyperbolic.

Unfortunately, the CCP began encroaching on the treaty accorded rights of Hong Kong citizens from the moment they assumed sovereignty 23 years ago.

Now, during the plenary two sessions that are currently going on, the CCP has decided to impose what it calls the "National Security Law" (Guójiā ānquán fǎ 國家安全法) on Hong Kong 27 years ahead of schedule.

Hong Kong pig = selfish, narrow-minded Hongkonger (person whose place of residence is Hong Kong) who is apolitical by being indifferent or even hostile toward Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement and does not care about anything except making money and getting ahead in his or her career.

Hotdog = Civic Passion, a political party in Hong Kong, whic…

In the tradition of Chinese language, the trisyllabic (sān yán 三言) meter is usually for folk songs, prophecy, or nursery rhymes, primarily to enhance mnemonic efficacy.

One of the most famous sān yán 三言 ("trisyllabic") poems is 《Chūnrì xíng 春日行》 ("Ballad of a Spring Day") by Bào Zhào 鲍照 (c. 414-466).

In any case, since the sentences on this board all have to be trisyllabic, the object of lí 离" ("depart; leave") has to be omitted.

Since lí 离 could serve as the factor verb in líhūn 离婚 "to divorce", no wonder a native speaker would tend to read it as "immediately divorce" rather than "immediately leave the place" at a marriage office!!

The main cause of such a farce is still the carelessness a…

Before I saw this table of equivalencies between Singlish and English, all that I knew about "circuit breaker" was that it is a device for interrupting the flow of current in an electrical line when a problem arises.

Not all markets have them, but the idea is that in highly volatile trading the circuit breaker kicks in to allow everyone to reassess positions and risks before trading commences again.

Google "circuit breaker fiasco China" [without quotation marks] to see what happens when they are ill thought out.

In Singapore, the government here has been in panic for weeks and months.

So you see, whatever the clowns in government call it, the reality is circuit breaker.

« previous post |Some forms of religious observance have increased during our time of social distancing, especially this one:Among the notable testaments recently emerging from this denomination is the Quarantine Cat Film Festival:Permalink

I thought enough to say /xomski/, but the teacher surprised me when he said /naum/.

I checked the Hebrew and Yiddish Wikipedia pages, and they both say נועם, which according to the Noam page is a Hebrew name meaning 'pleasantness'.

This is a different name from the prophet Nahum (Hebrew: נַחוּם 'consolation') which is Наум in Russian.

Recalling that Hebrew's kamatz vowel (pronounced /a/ in Modern Hebrew) could be /o/ in Ashkenazi and Yiddish, e.g.

Given all this, my theory is that Chomsky's family named him Noam with נַחוּם in mind, which they may have pronounced something like /no.əm/.

« previous post |[This is a guest post by Stephen Plant]I came across 'connorant' the other day, as in "gannets, connorants, vultures" in Ulysses.

It was on the Guardian website.

In my Penguin copy of Ulysses (p 526) it's spelt 'cormorant' (perhaps editions differ?).

There are a surprising number of references to 'connorant' on line.

I suppose the Ulysses connorants have a common ancestor, but the word connorant crops up in scientific journals too — here and here.

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Škrt plch z mlh Brd pln skvrn z mrv prv hrd scvrnkl z brzd skrz trs chrp v krs vrb mls mrch srn čtvrthrst zrn. It's in Czech, and Google can semi-translate it. submitted by /u/Europpe [link] [comments]

Hello, I just published my app on play store in open beta. I would appreciate if you could have a look on it and give me one comment/feedback in order to help me to make it available for everyone. The app is a language app, where you can learn a new language with quizzes and funny games,with around 5000 words and 5 languages available (English, french, Spanish, Italian and German) Here the link https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mcinelli.languageapp Thank you so much for the help :) submitted by /u/cino94 [link] [comments]

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Numbers are one of those topics that reminds us that humans go about the world in meat suits – in particular, meat suits with 10 fingers.

Some also include other body parts, like the toes or even protrusions like the elbow, shoulder, and nose.

In this episode, Gretchen and Lauren get enthusiastic about number systems in different languages!

Announcements:We’ve met our goal for the LingComm Grant, so we’ll now be giving out $500 grants to support FOUR linguistics communication projects!

Listen to the numbers bonus episode and get access to 38 more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

AboutA podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne.

A lively, deep, language-y conversation with real linguists!

"Joyously nerdy" –Buzzfeed.

New episodes (free!)

the third Thursday of the month.

Transcript Episode 43: The grammar of singular they - Interview with Kirby ConrodThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 43: The grammar of singular they - Interview with Kirby Conrod.

Well, I’m gonna make my own English major out of spare parts.” What I did was I decided, “Okay.

Kirby: It’s really, really cool.

That’s really, really compelling.

But if I’m talking about Rory, even if we know that I’m talking about the same person – especially if we know that I’m talking about the same person – I can’t say, “He likes themself.”Gretchen: Right.

More recently, people have also been using singular they to refer to a specific person, as in “Alex left their umbrella”.

In this episode, your host Gretchen McCulloch interviews Dr Kirby Conrod, a linguist who wrote their dissertation about the syntax and sociolinguistics of singular they.

Support Lingthusiasm on Patreon to gain access to the teaching linguistics episode and 37 previous bonus episodes, and to chat with fellow lingthusiasts in the Lingthusiasm patron Discord.

You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening, and stay tuned for a transcript of this episode on the Lingthusiasm website.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the…

AboutA podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne.

A lively, deep, language-y conversation with real linguists!

"Joyously nerdy" –Buzzfeed.

New episodes (free!)

the third Thursday of the month.

Content note for synesthetes: This episode talks about the general phenomenon of letters and numbers having colours but it doesn’t talk about specific mappings of symbol to colour, e.g.

We want to reassure you that Lingthusiasm is already a distributed, internet-based project so we’ll be continuing to put out our regular episodes and bonus episodes which don’t talk about news or current events and are hopefully a nice distraction for you.

If you’re looking for other breaks from the social media news cycle, we’re also really enjoying the community that’s growing in the Lingthusiasm Discord.

We’ve also started an email newsletter called Mutual Intelligibility where we summarize resources avai…

It’s a hard questionThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 42: What makes a language “easy”?

I think this goes really to the heart of some really interesting non-classroom-based language learning contexts for second language learners, especially in the minority language and language revitalisation context.

I did an interview with Ake Nicholas for Lingthusiasm previously about language learning in language revitalisation contexts.

Lauren: Even beyond the classroom, you have language learning situations in what are known as either master-apprentice language learning programs or language nests which really focus on communication.

It’s an interesting way of fitting language learning into…

Lingthusiasm Episode 42: What makes a language “easy”?

—This month’s bonus episode is about teaching linguistics, and how you can be your own best teacher even if you aren’t heading to university any time soon.

Support Lingthusiasm on Patreon to gain access to the teaching linguistics episode and 36 previous bonus episodes, and to chat with fellow lingthusiasts in the Lingthusiasm patron Discord.

You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening, and stay tuned for a transcript of this episode on the Lingthusiasm website.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

Transcript Episode 41: This time it gets tense - The grammar of timeThis is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 41: This time it gets tense - The grammar of time.

We don’t have a past tense that is always used with past events.

What’s interesting is that – so English has another tense, which is the past tense, and I can’t quite do all three of these things with the past tense.

English tense generally is something that’s part of the verb itself, whereas this is this additional word that gets added.

Whereas, you can say, “I’m gonna go to the airport,” “I’m gonna fly to Rome,” or something like this, but you can’t do it in that bit.

Every year in linguistics departments across the world, linguists crack out their favourite linguistic examples and welcome a new cohort of introductory linguistics students.

linguistics.

In this bonus episode of Lingthusiasm, Gretchen and Lauren talk about teaching linguistics, and how you can be your own best teacher even if you aren’t heading to university any time soon.

If you haven’t joined the Lingthusiasm Discord yet and you want to teach yourself more linguistics, we have a channel called Linguistics Basics Book Club where people are reading through a free online intro linguistics textbook together and some Discord members with more linguistics background are standing by to answer q…

We’ve announced so many things these past few weeks that we thought we’d have a nice chat to catch up about them!

Think of it as a bonus bonus episode!

(The real February bonus was released early, in January, and it’s the robo-generated Lingthusiasm episode.)

In this bonus bonus episode of Lingthusiasm, Lauren and Gretchen catch up with our senior producer Claire to take stock of all the exciting things happening with Lingthusiasm at the moment (and finally explain what happened with the original Bonus 3 back in the day).

(Note that the glottal bottle and esoteric symbols scarf are just there for scale, and still available through Redbubble.)

Lingthusiasm Episode 41: This time it gets tense - The grammar of timeHow do languages talk about the time when something happens?

In this episode of Lingthusiasm, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne talk about when some languages obligatorily encode time into their grammar.

—This month’s bonus episode is about what happens when the robots take over Lingthusiasm!

Support Lingthusiasm on Patreon to gain access to the Robot-Lingthusiasm episode and 35 previous bonus episodes, and to chat with fellow lingthusiasts in the Lingthusiasm patron Discord.

To received an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

Gretchen: I’ve got the blogpost up about the ice cream flavours from the middle school students, and some of them are really good.

There are these whimsical flavours like “It’s Sunday” and “Cherry Poet” and “Brittle Cheesecake” and “Honey Vanilla Happy.” These seem like kind of reasonable ice cream flavours, right?

Lauren: I’d be open to ordering a “Vanilla Nettle.”Gretchen: “Cherry Cherry Cherry.” If you like cherries, this is the flavour for you.

I think it’s worth saying artificial intelligence doesn’t know what ice cream is, right, it’s just using this list of flavours to figure out what kind of patterns could fit into that list.

That’s just randomly combining some letters in ways that …

Lingthusiasm now has a Discord chat server for patronsSince starting Lingthusiasm three years ago, we’ve enjoyed hearing from so many of you how Lingthusiasm got you into linguistics or helped you reconnect with your long-lost enjoyment of linguistics.

We’ve made a Lingthusiasm Discord server – a private chatroom for Lingthusiasm patrons at the Ling-thusiast level and above!

Come chat about the latest Lingthusiasm episode or bonus episode, share other interesting linguistics links that you come across, and make some lingthusiastic pocket friends!

Since we started it up two weeks ago, the Lingthusiasm Discord server now has over a hundred members!

Join the Lingthusiasm Discord by becoming a …

More information about how the 1939 poster campaign was put together…then taken apart.

This video about the poster turning up at Barter Books makes Barter Books look like the prettiest bookshop in the world!

Most fun way to stabilise bookcases I can think of.

More background about the poster campaign from the Imperial War Museum.

By Owen Hatherley: “The poster isn’t just a case of the return of the repressed, it is rather the return of repression itself.

The Tranquillusionists have recently been recommended in Vox, the Financial Times and the Observer!

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

Let me know how you’re doing; I’m @allusionistshow on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

The beautiful music in this episode was specially composed by Martin Austwick.

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

I am relieved to tell you that today I finished the owl jigsaw puzzle that has been vexing me since the previous Tranquillusionist.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

The beautiful music in this episode was specially composed by Martin Austwick, based on the chords of ‘Imagine’ in alphabetical order.

Martin has made several albums, which you can hear at palebirdmusic.com and if you search for Pale Bird on Spotify.

The Allusionist proper will be back from break in May.

Let me know how you’re doing; I’m @allusionistshow on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

Cursory analysis of the 343 words you submitted shows that the most soothing words start with the letter S, with 70 submissions, and the most soothing word is ‘mellifluent’, chosen by nine of you; closely followed by ‘murmur’, ‘murmuration’, and versions of ‘susurrus’.

And of course all the Radiotopia shows are excellent forms of distraction.

And friend of the show Eleanor McDowall has launched the marvellously relaxing Field Recordings, recordings of people standing in fields.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

PS If you enjoyed Martin’s music this episode AND the word ‘petrichor’:

In the meantime, listen to my other podcasts Veronica Mars Investigations (we just completed Veronica Mars season 1) and Answer Me This.

Here’s an interview about the Allusionist in Podcast The Newsletter.

This month, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Babbel, the language-learning app that will help you speak a new language with confidence.

Visit babbel.com to find out more, and text ALLUSIONIST to 484848 to try it for free.

Go to squarespace.com/allusion for a free trial, and use the code ALLUSION to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

Alie Ward and I cover etymologies of words including ‘buxom’, ‘mediocre’, ‘coccyx’, ‘lacuna’, bust some etymological myths, discuss some broader attitudes towards language, and wonder why so many people hate the word ‘moist’.

Here’s one final Allusionist for 2019: a quiz all about words, for you to play along with as you listen.

Get a pen and paper, or there’s an answer form all ready for your clicks just down this post.

Do let me know how you fare in the quiz and puzzles at twitter.com/allusionistshow and facebook.com/allusionistshow.

Along with the warm glow of satisfaction at helping us make more of the podcasts you like, you can get such rewards as challenge coins, stickers, AND an audio recording of the Allusionist 2019 live show No Title!

I wanted a numerical amount that looked like a word, and 435 is pretty much YES in calculator font, plus 80085 seemed too expensive.

To celebrate Radiotopia’s annual fundraiser, here’s a special episode about the word that brought us all together… aaand a lot of you hate it.

If you love podcasts, or more specifically this podcast, or slightly less specifically but still quite specifically the podcasts in the Radiotopia collective, get involved by making a donation at Radiotopia.fm!

You can get swag that’s exclusive to this fundraiser, or just pay for the glow of satisfaction at funding the audiotainment we make.

As well as paying for the audio itself, of course - your donations help us keep our shows going.

Check out my ever-expanding collection of portmanteaus and if you see one in the wild, do take a photo and send it …

Steven Yardley of Milne & Yardley talks about the disappearing craft of hand engraving.

Wearing their grandmothers’ rings, Lisa Hack connects to family she doesn’t know, and Freddy McConnell to the family he does.

When Eeva Sarlin’s ex-boyfriend lost her Leatherman multitool, she thought she’d never see it again - and were it not for an engraving, she wouldn’t have.

And Arlie Adlington, who reports this episode, had words engraved into his ring to remind him of his reality when others threaten to ruin it.

Hear the first of the pair of Engraving episodes, about epitaphs, at theallusionist.org/epitaph.

When Dave Nadelberg of Mortified used to visit his mother’s grave, he would look around at the nearby gravestones and see similar - or even the exact same - epitaphs for lots of different people. And it made him curious: who were these people, really? What were their personalities, what happened in their lives? And didn’t they deserve something more meaningful, more personal, than these bland and repetitive epitaphs? So when Dave’s father died a few years later, Dave was determined to choose better words to represent him in perpetuity.

On 9 November 1989, the demolition of the Berlin Wall began. Within a year, Germany was unified. East Germany dissolved and was incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany, took on its currency and its rules - and its lexicon. What was that vocabulary, and where did it go?

In the last Food Season episode of the current batch, we get into the language of restaurant service - specifically those terms that give some of us (well, me) fiery indigestion, like “Enjoy!” or “Are you still working on that?” Restaurant psychologist Stephani Robson and former server Sara Brooke Curtis explain how what servers say is affected by such things as restaurant furniture, tipping, the need to turn a table around quickly for the next diners, and customer moods and caprices.

Late 2019 will see the biggest apple launch of our lifetimes.

22 years in the making, ripening on millions of trees into picture-perfect redness, here comes the WA38, more snazzily known as the Cosmic Crisp.

The name was the result of a year of focus groups, taste tests and word associations - a far cry from when apples were named after whichever end of a cat they resembled.

This episode, the latest in the Allusionist Food Season is a collaboration with The Sporkful podcast, where we have released companion episodes about apples: over here on the Allusionist, we find out about the naming of apples; and in the Sporkful episode ‘A New Apple Is Born’ we get into the particulars of how new appl…

CREDITS:Find the show on the socials at twitter.com/allusionistshow, facebook.com/allusionistshow, twitter.com/helenzaltzman and instagram.com/allusionistshow.

- HZThe Allusionist is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.

In September 2019, the Allusionist is sponsored by:• Squarespace, your one-stop shop for creating and running a good-looking and well-working website.

Go to squarespace.com/allusion for a free trial, and use the code ALLUSION to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

Visit babbel.com to find out more, and text ALLUSIONIST to 484848 to try it for free.

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

BEN: Yeah, yeah.

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

CEDAR: Yeah, yeah.

Yeah, yeah, yeah.

We’re talking to pronoun expert Dennis Baron on this episode of Talk the Talk.

(with Dennis Baron)Download this episodePromoTtT promo 2020-02-18 with Tom Reynolds: Theyhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/34128392Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 394: What’s Your Pronoun?

(with Dennis Baron) coming soonReflections on 394: What’s Your Pronoun?

394: What’s Your Pronoun?

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our infamous Leave That In!

We’re listening to your responses on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode393: Push and Pull (Live Q&A)Download this episodePromoTtT promo 2020-02-12 with Tom Reynolds: Pushhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/33954936Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 393: Push and Pull for everyonePatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord MortisHelenBinhJackNigelDamienDustinLarryMichaelWhitneyGillesYou’re helping us to keep the talk happening!

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our in…

Daniel and Ben are speaking to Jane Setter, author of Your Voice Speaks Volumes, on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode391: Your Voice (with Jane Setter)Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2020-02-04 with Tom Reynolds: Voicehttps://www.patreon.com/posts/33819937Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 392: Your Voice (with Jane Setter) for everyoneReflections on 392: Your Voice for patronsLeave That In!

392: Voice (with Jane Setter) for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord MortisHelenBinhJackNigelDamienDustinLarryMic…

It’s Word of the Year time, and there are more words than ever before.

We bring you the results from the yearly American Dialect Society vote, and from dictionaries around the world on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode391: Words of the Year 2019Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-01-28 with Tom Reynolds: WotY2019https://www.patreon.com/posts/ttt-promo-2019-33513355Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 391: Words of the Year 2019 for everyoneLeave That In!

391: WotY2019 for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAidieCarolinChrisLyssaKateTermyBobKristoferMattAndrewKittyLord Mo…

Just about every week, we bring you the Words of the Week.

Which word from 2019 will listeners vote to make Talk the Talk‘s Word of the Year?

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, Talk the Talk merch, our infamous Leave That In!

Show notesWhich of our Words of the Week should become the Talk the Talk Word of the Week of the Year?

pic.twitter.com/oYOGjPKvRr — Talk the Talk (@talkpod) December 2, 2019 Twitter threadWhich of our Words of the Week should become the Talk the Talk Word of the Week of the Year?They're all here as… Posted by Talk the Talk on Monday, December 2, 2019 Facebook threadA literal paradox: “literally” generally mean…

All on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode389: Mailbag of PronounsDownload this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-12-03 with Tom Reynolds: Disgruntledhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/32138603Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 389: Mailbag of Pronouns for everyoneLeave That In!

389: Mailbag for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyAndyBinhBobDamienDustinElíasHelenJackKittyKristoferLarryLord MortisMattMichaelWhitneyYou’re helping us to keep the talk happening!

Become a Patreon supporter yourself and get access to bonus audio and video, extra blog posts, …

You may think you have a sense about this, but the answers may surprise you.

We’re talking to forensic linguist Professor Georgina Heydon on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode388: Lies, All Lies (with Georgina Heydon, Heather Wilson, and Amanda Hamilton-Hollaway)Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-11-26 with Tom Reynolds: Lieshttps://www.patreon.com/posts/31859292Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 388: Lies, All Lies for everyoneInterview with Georgina Heydon (complete) for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyAndyBinhBobDamienDustinElí…

We’re talking to Dr Maïa Ponsonnet on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Listen to this episode387: The Language of Emotion (with Maïa Ponsonnet)Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsTtT promo 2019-11-20 with Tom Reynolds: Vibe check!

https://www.patreon.com/posts/31709698Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 387: The Language of Emotion (with Maïa Ponsonnet) for everyoneReflections on 387: The Language of Emotion for patronsInterview with Steven Gagau and Jodie Kell of Toksave (complete) for patronsLeave That In!

387: Emotion (with Maïa Ponsonnet) for patronsPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wo…

If you speak a language besides English, you know that there are some idioms that English is missing, or just doesn’t do as well.

We want to hear them on this episode of Talk the Talk.

Download this episodePromo with Tom ReynoldsOK Boomerhttps://www.patreon.com/posts/31504452Patreon extras for this episodeEpisode 386: English Needs These Idioms (Live Q&A) coming soonReflections on 386: English Needs These Idioms coming soonPatreon supportersWe’re very grateful for the support from our burgeoning community of patrons, includingAdieCarolinChrisdcctor wohLyssaTermyAndyBinhBobDamienDustinElíasHelenJackKittyKristoferLarryLord MortisMattMichaelWhitneyYou’re helping us to keep the talk happening!

…

Links:Script:Welcome to Conlangery, the podcast about constructed languages and the people who create them.

One thing I want to do with this world is to create a number of naming languages.

As such, I’m doing a lot more historical work than you would necessarily need with a naming language.

I’m going to link to the Google Docs where I’m working on these languages so people can look at what I’ve done so far.

I’m probably going to be seeking feedback about my migrations and such, as I’m getting a bit out of my depth there.

George brings on David J Peterson and Jesse Sams to talk about their new livestreaming adventure, LangTime Studio.

Top of Show Greeting: NekāchtiTranscript

So, “The river runs north,” versus, “I ran a six-minute mile.” I think that’s a pretty clear example.

George: That’s really interesting the way that you do that.

That’s really interesting, especially taking into consideration that it is a posteriori and so you had to work within historical context.

George: That’s great.

Follow us on Facebook, Tumblr, and Twitter by searching for “Conlangery.” Conlangery is entirely supported by our patrons at Patreon.

George brings on two conlanger DMs, Joey Windsor and David J Peterson, to discuss how to incorporate conlanging into Dungeons and Dragons and other role-playing games.

Joey: Well, I’m gonna take the cue like, George, you already brought out Matt Colville as a DM.

Joey: Not as much as I want to, and I think that’s a matter of time.

So, you’re definitely gonna have more than one spouse unless you’re gonna be living a long, lonely time if there’s intermarriage there.

David: Well, I mean, anything that’s in D&D, that’s just the way it starts, right?

George talks a little bit about how choosing a theme for Lexember can be helpful for your conlanging.

I went on social media recently to ask what people wanted covered before Lexember and got some great suggestions.

Other ideas I had were perfume- or glass-manufacture (I ultimately used glass as my 2018 Lexember theme) or river-faring and boatbuilding.

That said, I think that using a theme for your lexember words is a particularly good way to encourage more onomasiological thinking in the process.

Other ideas I had were perfume- or glass-manufacture (I ultimately used glass as my 2018 Lexember theme) or river-faring and boatbuilding.

George talks a little about little tidbits of his daughter’s linguistic development, and talks about how listening to child language might help conlangers find inspiration.

One of the songs, “Bve Pfa R̂í,” is really, really old.

And I’m presuming you have different songs for different occasions.

I really, really wanted to work with that.

Margaret: If anybody’s interested in being updated about Aeniith music or conlang music in any way, I have a mailing list.

Just take a look into – if you’re a music person, definitely look into what you can do with music and your conlangs.

We bring Mike McCubbins on to talk about his new Kickstarter project, Anasazi, a comic which uses simple constructed written languages to tell a story in a visual medium.

You can find the Kickstarter here!

Top of Show Greeting: Salbécyk / Salbekian

George brings on Christophe and Joey to talk about their experience at the Eighth Language Creation Conference.

We also have clips from interviews Joey made at the conference.

Top of Show Greeting: BizhidaLinks:

George and William invite Prof. William Croft to talk about his theoretical approach to word classes and constructions.

Forget a language without adjectives, let’s talk about how your property concepts are predicated!

Links and Resources:

George spends some time talking about his recent revisions of his Istatikii grammar, with a focus on organizing writing to serve the needs of the language and the readers.

Now, onto our topic for today:After finishing my dissertation, I took a little time to look at my grammar for Istatikii.

I followed a pretty classic format for a reference grammar breaking up topics into phonology, morphosyntax, etc.

There is a third section entirely devoted to glottal deletion rules, as the glottal stop and /h/ have deletion rules that interact with both nasal deletion and liquid deletion.

I’m thinking about how I should present things in other sections of the grammar as well.

Christophe Grandsire-Koevoets joins us to talk to us about Ainu, a minority language of northern Japan.

Top of Show Greeting: Bwángxùd by alr2569 (Translation Notes)Links and Resources:

Jessie Sams comes on the show to talk to us about how she uses conlanging in the classroom.

We discuss how these courses can be designed, what fields of linguistics they address well, and the results she saw from the course.

Jessie also requested the following message be added to the notes:I would also like to thank David J. Peterson, who has visited with my conlang students the last three times I’ve offered the course.

His visits have been incredibly beneficial for both my students and me.

Students don’t often have the chance to speak with the author of their textbook, so it’s an amazing experience.

George and William come back to talk about telicity and lexical aspect.

Listen to us talk about endpoints in events and puzzle over why achievement and accomplishment are supposed to mean different things.

Links and Resources:

George reflects on completing his PhD, and talks to those conlangers who might be considering graduate study in linguistics.

An advanced degree in Linguistics, especially a PhD, is for someone who wants to make a career of it.

My graduate study was a bit different from other conlangers who take this path.

That makes sense, they’re fields that are very connected to conlanging, especially naturalistic conlanging, which benefits strongly from broad knowledge of other languages and historical development.

If you choose graduate study in linguistics, that’s where your head needs to be — you need to want to do LINGUISTICS research.

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✅ Порция лингвоссылок: ➡️ Откуда взялись автомобилистки, авиаторши и циклистки на Снобе — опять о феминитивах. Помимо авиаторш и авиаторок, бывают еще и авиатрисы, оказывается. Местами все это напоминает попытки сказать «человек, который спит» одним словом: спатель, спун, спец, спляк. ➡️ Очередной нейросервис — This Word Does Not Exist (видимо, младший брат нашумевшего This Person Does Not Exist). Конструирует несуществующие слова, неотличимые от существующих. Они настолько похожи на «настоящие», что даже хочется проверить в словаре — действительно ли они не существуют. ➡️ Мы тут недавно рассуждали о принципиальной разнице между диалектами английского и русского. А вот пост на Хабре об отли…

Канадская романистка с волшебным именем Эмили Сэнт-Джон Мэндел узнала, как растёт доля книг со словом girl в названии и написала об этом статью «Исчезнувшая девушка с татуировкой дракона в поезде». Там много забавной статистики.

— только каждую пятую из таких книг пишет мужчина;

— 65% из заглавных girls —вполне себе великовозрастные женщины;

— зато в книгах авторов-мужчин заглавная girl втрое чаще погибает или пропадает;

— и, наконец, самое страшное: похоже, что пик тренда ещё не достигнут, и нам предстоит ещё прочитать много книг про девушек с разными татуировками в разных видах транспорта. http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-gone-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-on-the-train/

Сайт словаря Merriam-Webster предлагает небольшой и увлекательный квиз по названиям английских цветов. Очень пригодятся знания романских языков: в корнях слов всплывают латынь, испанский, французский и многие другие. Удачи!

Поделюсь еще одним маленьким личным достижением. Гигант мысли и повелитель клавиатуры @vas3k_channel запустил Infomate — личную RSS-ленту по разным тематикам. В чем соль: если вы интересуетесь технологиями, блокчейном или маркетингом, то теперь есть одностраничные подборки, где собраны главные медиа, блоги, сабреддиты и ютуб-каналы по этим темам. Подборки обновляются раз в час, поэтому не нужно открывать десять сайтов, теперь достаточно одной страницы. Я решила немного выделиться на фоне технарей и айтишников и собрала свою подборку по лингвистике. Помимо классных подкастов, комиксов и серьезных изданий (передаю привет @sysblok!) там есть телеграм-каналы коллег @lingvojokes, @glazslov, @lin…

Владислав Демьянов ведёт параллельный русско- и украиноязычный канал о переводе и локализации. Нашла там советы Нетфликса по субтитрам, дубляжу и адаптации аудио- и видеоконтента. Будет хорошим подспорьем для всех, кто увлекается переводом сериалов и фильмов. @translation_localization

@pereklad_lokalizatsiya

❤️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktidpf8Cx0I

Ксенолингвистика — не очень точная наука, которая готовит нас ко встрече с Чужими. Почему стоит слать сообщения в космос, кто лучше всех справится с инопланетянами и как самому стать пришельцем? https://knife.media/speaking-with-aliens/

Поделюсь с вами важной для себя статьей, где я наконец-то смогла свести две большие любви: лингвистику и космос. Статья большого успеха не имела, в комментариях прекрасно писали «нахера нам знать это неприменимое к жизни фуфло» (орфография авторская). Не буду спойлерить фильм «Прибытие», только скажу, что можно и с инопланетянами пообщаться, и личную жизнь устроить. Да и вообще, может Чужой на самом деле милашка, надо было с ним просто поговорить нормально, а не орать сразу.

На выходе может получиться такая красота

Генератор искусственных языков бесплатно создаёт глоссарий из 200 слов, в платной версии - из 4000. Есть возможность устанавливать свои правила, выбирать нужные фонемы, орфографию и грамматику и сверяться с подробной таблицей IPA.

Красота: новая лунная программа NASA названа в честь богини Артемиды — сестры Аполлона.

Как говорил Шерлок в версии от BBC, 'Short Version: Not Dead'. Снова буду периодически развлекать вас новостями из мира языков. Начнем со ссылки, которую я открывала один раз, а потом искала ее полтора года. The Proper English Foundation несёт знамя истинного английского и просит убрать от него грязные руки инноваций. Далее прекрасное от самих авторов: FREEZE THE LANGUAGE?

No, we don't want to stop new words from being invented. We shall even say it categorically, we do not want to freeze the language. We simply feel that the language is currently far too warm and needs to be cooled or even frozen to save it from anarchy. Thank you. На сайте указан расстрельный список ужасных выражений и лю…

В июне я публиковала тут опрос о мате от Анны Диковой из ВШЭ: она исследовала понятия «хуйня», «хуевина», «ебанина», «пиздюлинка», «поебота», «ебала» и «хуерга». Недавно Анна подвела итоги опроса; если вкратце, выяснилось, что «поебота» — это неприятный рутинный процесс, «хуета» — что-то ненужное и не на своем месте, «хуевина» — какая-то функциональная деталь вытянутой формы, а «пиздюлинка» — маленькая штучка, которую легко потерять (или, возможно, кто-то одушевленный: пингвиненок или чихуахуа). Забавно, что слово «ебала» для большинства опрошенных означает «несколько ебал», а «хуергу» в основном связывают с кочергой. Если вы тоже обожаете, когда об обсценной лексике пишут с серьезным лицом…

Английский язык уже пятьсот с лишним лет присутствует на рынке и пользуется большой популярностью. Многие сделали свой выбор в пользу английского языка и не жалеют об этом. Но почему же, спросите вы, мне нужно его изучать, ведь мой родной язык великий и могучий? Во-первых, его знание превосходно структурирует разрозненные интеллектуальные кластеры в человеческой голове. Он самый лёгкий из европейских языков. И совсем не на ровном месте назван аналитическим. Во-вторых, в нём есть артикли и послелоги. Использование артиклей поможет вам понять, чего же вы хотите в жизни, а послелоги учат гибкости мышления. В-третьих, в английском языке шестнадцать времён. Простое понимание того, чем future sim…

Влияние политики на литературу: с 1957 по 1962 с русского (!) на китайский перевели полное собрание сочинений Жюля Верна, так как он был крайне популярен в Cоветском Cоюзе.

twitter.com/_ktochto/status/1265637838944641024

Названия индийских штатов: https://twitter.com/indiainpixels/status/1265201011532066816

«"Ни одного сочинского названия нет точного, это связано с тем, что проживающие в этих местах племена имели абсолютно другой языковой строй, а русские военные топографы записывали названия на слух. В документах есть и Хирота, и Хуарота, и Хорота. Абхазы эту реку вообще называли Хвирта. Поэтому исторически правильного названия нет. Есть традиция, к которой привыкли люди, которые больше 100 лет называли эту реку Херота". Между тем, многие годы в Сочи бытовал миф о 10-й роте, в честь которой и была названа река и имела название "X-рота"». https://tourism.interfax.ru/ru/news/articles/70248/

Тоже из дневников Елина

https://proza.ru/2016/12/13/1686

Распираторы!

Текст о Юзе Алешковском, встретила его упоминание в дневниках журналиста Георгия Елина

Catzpacho - может показаться, что речь пойдёт о холодном остром супе из котов 🐱

#реклама

Благодарности @Spirit_of_FiRE @the_pestilence @kologore @Paul_The_Guy @madfatshad и авторам каналов о жизни во Вьетнаме @xincamon и в Германии @danke_bitte

в комментариях пишут, что это ИГОГОТИКА

https://www.instagram.com/p/CAksaUnn4xe/

От DarthRabbit

А в Киеве дядька

...а мэр - Собянин.

"Put the baby to sleep" and "put the dog to sleep" have two very different connotations. [Original post]

И в русском работает

Анекдот от @letuchii с комментарием «Раз уж пошли расистские шутки»: Mujibar was trying to get a job in India. The Personnel Manager said, "Mujibar, you have passed all the tests except one. Unless you pass it you cannot qualify for this job."

Mujibar said, "I am ready." The Manager said, "Make a sentence using the words Yellow, Pink and Green." Mujibar thought for a few minutes and said, "Mister Manager, I am ready." The Manager said, "Go ahead."

Mujibar said, "The telephone goes green, green, green, and I pink it up, and say, 'Yellow, this is Mujibar.' Mujibar now works as a technician at a call center for computer problems. No doubt you have spoken to him.

РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ ДОЛБАНУТЫХ ОШЕЛОМЛЕННЫЙ. По общему признанию, от древнего «шлѣмъ» / «шеломъ» (с неполногласием / полногласием), в свою очередь заимствованного из германских языков в праславянскую эпоху. «Ошеломить», как обычно указывают, — это этимологически ‘ударить по голове’, ‘сбить шлем’ и т. п. Между тем следует заметить, что в древних текстах, по словарным данным, этот глагол не фиксируется. Он известен только с XVIII века. ЗАРАЖЕННЫЙ. «Заразить» изначально ‘ударить’ > ‘убить’ — от «разити», связанного с «разъ» ‘удар’. Так, в одном из древнерусских текстов начала XIV в. сказано: «…седѣла дружина оу пироу пиюче, другъ друга заразилъ до смерти». Речь, конечно, не о том, что пировавшие не …

ОТГАДАЙ СЛОВО В этих выражениях, выписанных из исторических и диалектных словарей, мы заменили одно и то же слово описанием его контекстуального значения. «Гръдо безаконие ‘наполняет’ тѣло твое» (XIII в.). «Уж больно любит подушки ‘взбивать’, чтоб высоки были» (урал.). «Кто быстро полнеет, тому предсказывают смерть, говоря, что его “земля ‘раздувает’”» (яросл.). «Печка ‘балует’, дорошка дорожка учит» (посл., XVII в.). «Уж горазно вы и ‘холите’ робенка» (олон.). Девушка родителям «Приношу благодаренье, что ‘ласкали’ да нежили, крутили да ладили» (арх.). «Брат сестричку водит, да по головке ‘гладит’» (новг.). «‘Беречь’ ружье» (олон.). «Что вы меня ‘сердите’» (брян.). «Не хочет по дворам ходит…

​​ВОСПИТАТЬ В СЕБЕ СКУКУ Подавляющее большинство современных систем автоматического извлечения терминологии используют статистический подход — это позволяет сделать их работу независимой от языка исследуемого корпуса. Такие системы работают с двумя корпусами: целевым, из которого необходимо извлечь терминологические единицы, и референционным — чаще всего национальным корпусом соответствующего языка, представляющим собой языковую систему в целом. Для слов в целевом корпусе подсчитывается частота встречаемости, которая затем сравнивается с частотой встречаемости этого же слова в референционном корпусе. В результате сравнения частот употребления система присваивает единицам, отличающимся неожи…

ЗАОЩРИМ ВНИМАНИЕ С. И. Ожегов написал в свое время заметку под названием «Есть ли глагол “испещрить” в современном русском языке?». Здесь он защищал этот глагол, о котором академик С. П. Обнорский в 1954 году высказался весьма категорично: «Такого глагола нет в языке». Сейчас этот спор уже не актуален, так как глагол «испещрить» включен во все современные нормативные словари, но сама эта коллизия любопытна. В современном русском языке словарями фиксируется три глагола на -щрить: «изощрить(ся)», «поощрить», «испещрить». С исторической точки зрения все они представляют собой факты обратного словообразования. Этимологически незакономерные, они возникают как псевдопроизводящие соответствующих г…

НЕСКОЛЬКО ВЕЩЕЙ, КОТОРЫЕ МЫ ПОНЯЛИ БЛАГОДАРЯ КОРОНАВИРУСУ 1. Не имеет принципиального значения, чему учатся дети. Важно только, чтобы они делали это не дома. 2. Представители точных и естественных наук, десятилетиями издевавшиеся над гуманитариями и считавшие себя королями объективного знания, должны умыться. Они обосрались. 3. Так же, как политика становится историей лишь спустя много лет, данные, какими бы большими они ни были, не должны использоваться для построения прогнозов в режиме реального времени. Ложная модель гораздо хуже отсутствующей модели. 4. У слова «херня» в русском языке нет формы множественного числа. Поэтому при регулярных обращениях к народу приходится повторять все вре…

​​ВЫ СКАЖЕТЕ Какой корень в слове «переспоришь»? Вы скажете: «спор». А какой корень в слове «спор»? Вы скажете: такой и корень. А как же данные этимологических словарей: «Спор. Общеславянское слово, образованное от съперети (пeрети)»? Вы скажете: современный человек этого не ощущает. А что насчет ряда «запор», «напор», «отпор», «упор»? Вы скажете: все равно не ощущает. Ну посмотрите тогда на прикрепленный снимок. В русских словах приставка и корень при произнесении, как правило, разделены микропаузой. Обратите внимание, что в этом случае она отграничивает не «пере» и «споришь», а «перес» и «поришь». Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

ДРЕВНЕРУССКИЙ ЛЕТОПИСЕЦ СЕГОДНЯ въ лѣто ҂зф͠ки по грѣхомъ нашимъ придє болѣзнь нєзнаѥма ѥѣ жє никъто нє вѣсть ини жє глаголють вирусъ въсточьныи а ини ковидъ дєвѧтьнадєсѧтє · и моръ бысть в людьхъ · и собьраша сѧ кънѧзь и моужи ѥго и нє вѣдѧхоу како болѣзни сєѧ избыти · и тако оуставиша а къто боудєть изъ домоу вышьлъ томоу вироу платити · о горе братиѥ бѧшє · на търгоу поусто и по оулицѧмъ поусто и не можаахоу пьси гоулѧти · а оучєници извыкоша вьсю граматикию в зоумѣ Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

ПЛАТО МНЕ ДРУГ, НО ГДЕ С НЕГО ДОРОГА Все время мелькает последнее время перед глазами сомнительный термин «выйти на плато». Так говорят о замедлении роста числа больных коронавирусом. То есть чтобы было не /, а —. Этого плато ждут, как дара, все — и чиновники, и врачи, и зараженные, и разоренные. То и дело слышится: пока еще не достигли плато, вот-вот будет плато. И тому подобное. При этом никто не думает почему-то о том, как с этого плато спускаться. То есть вот это \. А нам в этой связи вспоминается следующий отрывок из «Детей капитана Гранта»: «Горное плато с ... ошеломленными, охваченными ужасом людьми, вцепившимися в росшие кругом лишайники, катилось вниз с быстротой курьерского поезда…

ЯЗЫК КАК ФИНАНСОВАЯ КОМИССИЯ Английский писатель Сирил Паркинсон вывел «закон привычных сумм», согласно которому любая финансовая комиссия тратит минимум времени на обсуждение вопросов, связанных с выделением на какой-либо проект очень больших и очень маленьких денежных сумм, но долго обсуждает аналогичные вопросы, где фигурируют «привычные» для членов комиссии финансовые показатели. Так, чтобы принять решение о выделении 10 млн долларов на строительство атомного реактора, воображаемой финансовой комиссии, согласно Паркинсону, потребовалось две с половиной минуты — без всяких дискуссий. Вопрос о выделении 350 фунтов на строительство помещения для велосипедов вызвал уже живое обсуждение, но …

РОССИЯ БУДУЩЕГО Время универсально концептуализируется людьми как пространство. Но вот что любопытно в отношении русского языка. Мы можем охарактеризовать будущее и как «близкое», и как «далекое», а прошлое — только как «недалекое» и «далекое». То есть для прошлого в нашей картине мира немаркированным признаком является именно отдаленность, которую требуется в случае необходимости выключать, снабжать отрицательным знаком. Будущее же представляет собой не привативную, как прошлое, а градуальную оппозицию, члены которой отличаются друг от друга разной степенью проявления одного и того же признака. Например, в английском и немецком языках это не так. Можно спорить о степени идиоматичности выра…

ДЕСЯТЬ ДВУСТИШИЙ АННЫ АХМАТОВОЙ Когда умрем, темней не станет,

А станет, может быть, светлей.

1911 От других мне хвала ― что зола,

От тебя и хула ― похвала.

1931 Если ты смерть ― отчего же ты плачешь сама,

Если ты радость ― то радость такой не бывает.

1942 Самый черный и душный самый ―

Это город Пиковой Дамы.

1958 Мне безмолвие стало домом

И столицею — немота.

1950–1959 И прекрасней мраков Рембрандта

Просто плесень в черном углу.

1950–1959 Не давай мне ничего на память,

Знаю я, как память коротка.

1959 Так скучай обо мне поскучнее

И побудничнее томись.

1962 Врачуй мне душу, а не то

Я хуже чем умру.

1963 Молитесь на ночь, чтобы вам

Вдруг не проснуться знаменитым.

1964–1965 Задать вопрос @Uch…

ТАВТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ВАРЬИРОВАНИЕ — Привет, что делаешь?

— Дома сижу. Карантин есть карантин.

— И как?

— Да никак. Карантин как карантин.

— Переживаешь?

— Да нет. Карантин и карантин, подумаешь.

— А на улице люди есть?

— Да, довольно много. Карантин не карантин — не поймешь.

— А у нас, представляешь, никого!

— Да ну? Вот это карантин так карантин.

— Работаешь удаленно?

— Ну да. Карантин карантином, а есть-то что-то надо.

— Долго еще так сидеть?

— Да, обещают карантин и карантин — конца не видно.

— А я пойду пройдусь! Карантин не карантин — рискну!

— Прощай! Задать вопрос @UchenyjBot

НОВЫЕ УСПЕХИ ПРОГРАММЫ «АНТИПЛАГИАТ» «Я помню чудное мгновенье:

Передо мной явилась ты,

Как мимолетное виденье,

Как гений чистой красоты».

(А. С. Пушкин, 1825)

👇👇👇

«Цветы мечты уединенной

И жизни лучшие цветы, ―

Кладу на твой алтарь священный,

О Гений чистой красоты!»

(В. А. Жуковский, 1823) «Я помню море пред грозою:

Как я завидовал волнам,

Бегущим бурной чередою

С любовью лечь к ее ногам!»

(А. С. Пушкин, 1823)

👇👇👇

«Гонясь за нею, волны там

Толкают в ревности друг друга,

Чтоб, вырвавшись скорей из круга,

Смиренно пасть к ее ногам…»

(И. Ф. Богданович, 1775) «Шуми, шуми, послушное ветрило,

Волнуйся подо мной, угрюмый океан».

(А. С. Пушкин, 1820)

👇👇👇

«Шуми же, ты, шуми угрюмый вариант: огромн…

ПРОЗЯБАНЬЕ Как, наверное, знают многие, у Пушкина в «Пророке» дольняя лоза прозябает не в том смысле, что это какая-то отстойная лоза, а в том смысле, что она растет. Перемена значения с 'произрастать, давать ростки' на 'вести унылую, безрадостную жизнь' приключилась с этим словом чуть позже. Механика семантического переноса здесь не вполне ясна. Еще в 1845–1846 годах году мы находим такие выглядящие сейчас оксюморонными сочетания, как «полезные прозябания», «цветущие прозябания» и проч. И вдруг уже 1870-х (самая ранняя фиксация в НКРЯ у В. В. Крестовского в «Панурговом стаде»; характерно, что оборот вложен в уста малосимпатичного нигилиста) — как удары бича — «рабское прозябанье», «серое п…

КАК ВСЁ БЫЛО И чего только мы не видывали, чего только не слыхивали! Каких только песен не певали, каких только фильмов не сматривали, каких только книг не читывали! А какие стихи писывали, какие шутки шучивали! А каких людей знавали, в какие только дома не вхаживали, где только не гащивали! И с кем только не сиживали, и кто только нас не паивал! Чего только не пивали и не едали! А бывало, по России езживали, лохмотья на́шивали, коров даивали, неводы тягивали, рыбу у́живали — ах, какую уху варивали! А бывало, по ночам гуливали, деньги последние трачивали, и папироски стреливали, и всякую дрянь куривали, и мутный портвейн цеживали, и на скамейках лёживали, и друг друга колачивали, так что тело…

Названия индийских штатов: https://twitter.com/indiainpixels/status/1265201011532066816

Альберт Крисской выложил историю согласования китайских переводов для станций московского метро. Видно, что там заморочились и сделали хорошо. Если вас не волнуют подобные детали, вам может быть скучновато. Уделено много внимания названию станции «Китай-Город». Также там упоминается станция Хунвэйбиновская: https://www.papahuhu.com/archive/202005205702/

Телефонные коды — это тоже круто, люблю их: https://t.me/mapporn/1099 (и про Гренландию даже я не знал)

Топонимическая новость: Архангельская область собирается объединиться со входящим в неё Ненецким автономным округом. Обычно такой новый регион из области превращают в край. В чём разница, спросите вы? У меня есть теория на этот счёт. Области обычно названы по своему главному городу (Архангельская). То есть, можно воспринимать область буквально — как область вокруг одноимённого города. Край же — это нечто большее, чем окрестности города. Ну, в символическом мире. Поэтому, когда два региона объединяют, нехорошо оставлять название одного из них — получается, будто один регион съел без остатка другой. Поэтому им дают новое имя — по возможности общее на двоих. Например, Забайкальский край. Или К…

Так, в твиттере уже нарисовали эмодзи баяна (формально, это аккордеон): https://twitter.com/Emojipedia/status/1260540510650974211

Думаю, все уже наслышаны про May the 4th, а вот при чём здесь (по легенде) Маргарет Тэтчер, которая в этот день в 1979 году стала премьером: https://t.me/viveconesto/2251

Брат прислал пример использования иероглифов в южнокорейских новостях. Напомню, что корейцы обычно пишут своей красивой и несложной азбукой хангыль. Но очень многие слова в корейском имеют китайское происхождение и в принципе могут быть записаны и китайскими иероглифами. Считается, что в Южной Корее используют иероглифы редко, а в Северной — никогда. Здесь на первой картинке первый символ 靑 (чхон) — «синий» — означает Чхонвандэ, Голубой Дом — резиденцию президента РК. На второй и третьей картинке первым стоит иероглиф 北 (пук) — Север. Как вы понимаете, им обозначают Северную Корею. То есть, иероглифы удобны в заголовках — сложное понятие в один символ. Представьте, как китайцы составляют за…

Когда Чехословакия разделилась на Чехию и Словакию, чехословацкое посольство в Москве, ставшее посольством Чехии, просто убрало из главной вывески ČSR среднюю букву