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The organization’s private knowledge does not need to live in the model’s parameters.

Recall, exact wording, citation, freshness Knowledge What has this system already worked out, and what does it currently believe?

The knowledge layer raises a contradiction, names an owner, and states that no answer is available.

The colours match Figure 3: red is evidence-at-rest, blue is the retrieval layer, green is the knowledge layer.

Governance, restatedBecause the system writes, it needs to control a read-only system does not.

In other words, using the Quack protocol, DuckDB sitting on server A could now query or write to a DuckDB database on remote server B.

Each server holds one DuckDB database with one of the servers also acting as a coordinator node.

A Python virtual environment at: /opt/cluster-duck-venvduckdb==1.5.5boto3DuckDB 1.5.5 ARM64 CLI at: /usr/local/bin/duckdbThe official DuckDB Quack extension, loaded by the worker process.

Worker Database file Generated table --------------------------------------------------------------- Worker 1 /var/lib/cluster-duck/worker.duckdb sales Worker 2 /var/lib/cluster-duck/worker.duckdb customers Worker 3 /var/lib/cluster-duck/worker.duckdb productsEach generated tabl…

The pattern I took from the weekend is that mathematical experiments are becoming abundant.

The Maxwell project produced a complete proof candidate with a machine-checked algebraic core.

Seen this way, the most striking development was not that AI produced a proof candidate or failed to construct a Hadamard matrix.

Maxwell’s problem produced a candidate that is much harder to checkThe second project began with an old problem from mathematical physics.

The candidate argument rewrites the physical problem as a question about the peaks of a related mathematical surface.

This is designed especially for students, early- to mid-stage Data Scientists, or even advanced data professionals who do not use AI at all and would like to know more about it.

Photo by Markus Spiske on UnsplashThe people who are most overwhelmed by AI are the ones who work with it.

If you feel that you are behind, and you don’t know enough, and everyone else is doing better than you, I want to give you this one piece of advice: take a deep breath.

And this does not involve “art” or “philosophy” problems only: LLMs don’t do well with problems that are not well defined.

I write about AI, Machine Learning, and the evolving role of data scientists both here on TDS and on LinkedIn.

, My Day Looked Completely DifferentBelieve it or not, two years ago, I was still writing and debugging code daily.

A normal day for me:Writing (and debugging) every SQL query and Python script from scratchBuilding slide decks bullet by bulletWriting documentation nobody would read until something broke (and even then, they hardly would)I wrote about my day in the life as a data scientist back in 2024.

Report the exact MAPE and RMSE for each day, flag any day where MAPE exceeded 5%, and state whether the trend is improving or degrading week-over-week.

If anything, that judgment matters more now, not less because it’s the one part of the day that never got automated.

My day in 2026 isn’t sho…

The second half is a cross-reference question (Article 11: the impact numbers live in Table 3, not in Section 5.4).

Dispatching the parsed RAG question: chunk strategy, model tier, activations, audit.

Context engineering for RAG question parsing: from a raw question to typed fields that steer retrieval and generation.

Context engineering given a structure: the four typed pieces (fixed system prompt, retrieved lines, doc-context block, PromptContext wrapper) that fill one single-document RAG LLM call.

Validating the RAG answer before the user sees it: spans, quotes, and the feedback loop.

Competitors were supposed to predict stock price movements using only a training set, then be scored on a separate test set.

The experimentThis project started from a leak I found in a car price model I had built for a class assignment.

The test set is a final, one time check, meant to be looked at only once the model is finished.

The mistake is entirely about order: every one of these steps was allowed to look at the test rows before the test set was supposed to exist.

The validation set nobody asked forA validation set only earns its place if something actually gets scored on it.

I mean a Game Director as in a state machine/game system, not like a guy making the game.

The LLM looked at the fort, clocked that water and blast-proof rock were doing the work, and brought the counters.

It Works, Asterisk Asterisk AsteriskSo my OVERLY EXPENSIVE game director works.

Opus vs. Sonnet vs. Haiku vs. GPT vs. Gemini vs. Kimi vs. Qwen vs. GLM vs. Bartholomew (i made that one up) on the same forts, with enough wallet width and repeats to make the results more consistent.

Opus vs. Sonnet vs. Haiku vs. GPT vs. Gemini vs. Kimi vs. Qwen vs. GLM vs. Bartholomew (i made that one up) on the same forts, with enough wallet width and repeats to make the results more consistent.

Feeding a downstream model an integer array that meant a different subword under its own vocabulary does not crash anything.

Feeding a downstream model an integer array that meant a different subword under its own vocabulary does not crash anything.

OKF: the “just hand off the integers” patternHere is the pitch in five bullets:Agent 1 loads only the 7B model’s tokenizer — never its weights.

The last piece of the puzzle is what a downstream agent actually does with the loaded tensor.

token_ids was already produced by an upstream agent’s tokenizer, already saved into shm, already loaded off shm.

The pipeline from Article 9 (a production RAG pipeline for PDFs) is built exactly like that.

It runs the router on the broker corpus, prints the per-question confidence score, and shows which questions skip the model and which keep it.

Every question pays for the whole pipelineThe upgraded pipeline is worth its cost on hard questions.

Send that question through the full pipeline: arbiter, then generation, the model calls justified on exactly the questions that need them.

ConclusionThe reflex when a RAG pipeline feels slow is to reach for a faster model.

How to set up OpenClaw agentsNow in this section I’ll start to cover how to set up OpenClaw agents.

The following prompt:Set up an OpenClaw agent for me on called .

This is technically not allowed with Claude Code, and I find that OpenClaw agents work very effectively with Codex.

Cron jobsCron jobs are an incredibly important topic as well when it comes to OpenClaw agents, and it’s basically one of the most useful tools when it comes to making the OpenClaw agents proactive.

ConclusionIn this article, I discussed how you can orchestrate a fleet of OpenClaw agents.

In this article, we’ll go over 4 key differences between LangChain and LangGraph, and how they impact the code we write to build agentic workflows.

Stateless vs StatefulA LangChain pipeline does not hold a state within itself.

With a conventional LangChain pipeline, the common approach is to build that pause into the application surrounding the pipeline.

When we trigger an interrupt, LangGraph saves the graph state so we don’t need to worry about losing information or data.

LangGraph has something called checkpointer, which is a state persistence layer that saves a snapshot of an agent’s graph state at every step of execution.

This article applies that position to the step where “let the model decide” is most tempting: picking the right parsing method for each document.

This article extends the document parsing brick of Enterprise Document Intelligence, the series that builds an enterprise RAG system from four bricks.

Each step names one parsing method, gives a one-line rationale, and carries an optional flag saying whether the dispatcher may skip it on error.

Second, the adaptive parsing article (a later Vol.1 or Vol.2 piece) will describe the counterpart regime where parsing runs lazily, driven by retrieval demand.

Case 4 of Article 5octies (TOC reconstruction from body typography), the body-structure loop, is …

\[\frac{\partial L}{\partial w_1}=\frac{\partial L}{\partial \hat{y}}\cdot\frac{\partial \hat{y}}{\partial a_1}\cdot\frac{\partial a_1}{\partial z_1}\cdot\frac{\partial z_1}{\partial w_1}\]We can observe that most of the chain is actually identical.

Once we know how the loss changes with respect to every parameter, we can update them in a direction that reduces the loss.

Now that we have computed the first gradient, we know how the loss changes with respect to the predicted value.

Our next goal is to determine how the loss changes with respect to each weight and bias so that we can update these parameters to reduce the loss.

Here, we need to find how the loss changes with respect to w 3 w_3…

is attractive when working with private data or building workflows that should run on our own machine.

In this post, we consider the local LLM of Gemma 4 family from Google.

Then, our local LLM Gemma 4 can analyze each photo and return a structured record of the visual content of the photo.

Building the Workflow with Gemma 42.1 Running Gemma 4 LocallyFirst things first, we need to make Gemma 4 available locally.

From the workflow’s perspective, we only need its outputs:from pathlib import Path image, metadata = prepare_photo( Path("Finland_trip/photo.jpg") )Here, image contains the prepared image bytes, while metadata is a dictionary containing the information extracted from the file.

I say she tries to be mathematically excellent, which involves promoting mathematical excellence through mathematical excellence, and that this structure is closely related to why 'mathematical excellence' can even be a concept.

This is not to suggest that ‘good mathematics causes future good mathematics’ is a full definition or even full informal description of good mathematics.

My claim is only that the fact that good mathematics has a disposition to cause future good mathematics reveals something essential about our concept of good mathematics (and about the material affordances enabling this concept).

‘mathematical excellence through mathematical excellence’ AI?

I believe ‘mathematical …

Training gets the headlines.

Inference gets the invoice.

A model may spend months learning on a giant cluster, but after training it enters a stranger world.

Some users ask for one sentence; others ask for a small novel.

A modern inference system is closer to a miniature operating system wrapped around a token factory.

Three releases landed last week that appear to belong to different universes.

Meta launched a coding agent.

Prime Intellect released an open-source agent harness.

OpenAI published a 253-page collection of mathematical results produced by an unreleased model called Astra.

We discuss all of them in enough technical depth to keep you smart about it but brief enough to get through it in 5-6 mins.

How does that background shape how you think about open models?

Does open data actually matter in practice, or is it mostly a trust signal?

Releasing open data is more awesome.

It seems obvious to me that model routing is an important stepping stone - but a stepping stone nonetheless - to a more robust, more ergonomic orchestration layer.

So my prediction is that “model routing” will evolve rather quickly into the more general “orchestration”.

Text distillation teaches a smaller model to imitate an answer.

Diffusion and multimodal distillation must compress trajectories, distributions, motion, and the semantic geometry between different worlds.

The teacher says “Paris”; the student learns to say “Paris.” The teacher writes a good explanation; the student learns the shape of the explanation.

Diffusion distillation is stranger.

A diffusion model does not emit an image in one clean forward pass.

Subscribe and don’t miss out:📝 Editorial: Last Week in AI: Google Rewires Its Brain and Meta Hires a Coding SwarmAI weeks are usually measured in parameter counts.

Meanwhile, Meta released Muse Code, a terminal-based coding agent powered by Muse Spark 1.2.

Let’s review this week’s developments:🔎 AI ResearchAI Lab: FAIR, Meta, Reality Labs, Meta, University of Oxford.

AI Lab: Google Cloud AI Research, University of California, Los Angeles.

🤖 AI Tech ReleasesMuse CodeMeta AI released the beta version of Muse Code, a terminal coding agent optimized for tasks across large repositories.

For most of software history, engineering capacity was easy to sketch on a whiteboard.

The modern engineering organization now has a second, elastic workforce.

The human workforce is measured in headcount.

The machine workforce is measured, imperfectly, in tokens.

And because companies love measurable things—especially things that produce dashboards—we have entered the era of token maxing.

You ask Apptronik’s Apollo 2 to put the watering can into the green bin on the bottom shelf.

It walks to the table, picks up the can, takes a few steps to the shelves, and places it where you asked.

Nothing in that sentence sounds hard until you remember what the previous Gemini Robotics models actually were.

They were a torso bolted to a fixed base doing tabletop work.

That is the real news in Gemini Robotics 2, and it is a bigger deal than the b-roll makes it look.

Every form of distillation in this series so far has quietly preserved one thing: teacher and student spoke the same dialect.

The student was a compressed copy, then a more capable apprentice, then a reasoner trained on traces — but underneath, it was always the same kind of machine, attention layers stacked on attention layers, differing only in size.

You take a fully trained transformer and pour its capability into a fundamentally different computational substrate, and somehow the capability survives the transplant.

The first time you see it work, it feels a little illicit, like recovering a person’s memories after swapping out their brain for different hardware.

So it’s worth understandi…

The AI of the week dives into Gemini Robotics 2.

Google DeepMind pushed the frontier in a different direction with Gemini Robotics 2.

AI Lab: MistralAISummary: This paper presents Shieldstral, a 3B-parameter policy-adaptive multimodal safety classifier that simplifies content moderation into a unified binary question-answering task.

🤖 AI Tech ReleasesGemini Robotics 2Google DeepMind released Gemini Robotics 2 , a three-model suite of intelligence for robotics.

LFM2.5Liquid AI released LFM2.5-Encoder-230M and LFM2.5-Encoder-350M, two encoder models that can be easily adaped to downstream tasks.

This is the first post of a new section of TheSequence focused on advancements in robotics.

Our goal is to keep you up to date with the most important developments in AI robotics which is an area that is not well covered by other newsletters.

For this first post, I wanted to discuss the current landscape of AI models for robotics.

Robotics is what happens when an AI model leaves the library and discovers physics.

This is why the race for the robot foundation model will not simply replay the LLM market.

From roughly 2012 to 2020, he argued, the field lived in an age of research.

From 2020 to 2025, it entered an age of scaling.

Open the release notes for almost any frontier model in 2026 and the architecture diagram looks strangely familiar.

The headline improvements are usually elsewhere: better data, longer context, stronger reinforcement learning, synthetic tasks, tool use, memory, verification, adaptive reasoning budgets, and agent orchestration.

The age of research has returned, but much of that research is now expressed as industrial-scale engineering.

Take every open-weight model that discloses its parameter count, put total parameters on a log x-axis, put Terminal-Bench 2.1 score on the y-axis, and you get a reasonably tidy cloud sloping up and to the right.

Disclosed-size open-weight models on Terminal-Bench 2.1.

Laguna S 2.1 scores 70.2%.

On DeepSWE, a harder and less saturated benchmark, the gap stops being subtle at all: Laguna S 2.1 scores 40.4 against DeepSeek-V4-Pro-Max’s 9.0.

A 13x parameter deficit paired with a 4x score advantage is the kind of result that usually means somebody broke the eval.

For most of machine learning history, data was treated as geology.

It already existed somewhere in the world—in books, websites, code repositories, conversations, photographs, and databases.

The researcher’s job was to excavate it, clean it, tokenize it, and feed it into a model.

The dataset trains the student.

The teacher disappears at inference time, but some of its behavior remains embedded in the student.

Next Week in The Sequence:Our series about AI model distillation continues with another exciting technique.

Subscribe and don’t miss out:📝 Editorial: Last Week in AI: Last Week in AI: Smarter Models, Physical Machines, and the Expanding AI StackWhen I started The Sequence years ago, AI was still a relatively niche field, followed closely by researchers, a small group of builders, and a few overly enthusiastic people like me.

AI Lab: Meta AISummary: This paper introduces GAMUT, a multimodal benchmark designed to evaluate the factual completeness of long-form generations rather than just their factual precision.

AI Lab: Microsoft ResearchSummary: This paper presents Experiential Learning (EL)…

Но это не вайбкодинг, а тяжёлая профессиональная ИИ-разработка.

За это время по этому проекту в ChatGPT было создано 112 чатов — это примерно 560 промптов.

И в особо напряжённые периоды приходилось вставать по ночам, чтобы оптимально использовать лимиты, которые делятся на 5-часовые и недельные сессии.

Но это не магия и не кнопка «сделать хорошо».

Именно поэтому будущее не за вайбкодингом, а за теми, кто научится управлять этой скоростью.

Простой пример с ценами на топливо: бензин дорожает и из-за роста цены на нефть, и из-за ее падения.

Осознание того, что твой труд увеличивает чью-то капитализацию, но не решает реальных проблем общества, видимых в быту и в новостях, подтолкнуло искать еще какую-то деятельность.

Кроме того, благодаря АМБ появился уникальный датасет новостей с противоречиями современного общества на kaggle и github, далее о нем.

Датасет новостей о противоречиях современного обществаАктивисты АМБ и волонтеры дружественных коллективов собрали и разметили датасет новостей, подсвечивающие те самые системные противоречия, о которых я задумывался ранее.

Пример Б В 2023 году в мире голодал каждый 11-й человек, а в …

Подробный разбор того, как команда OpenAI Codex создаёт своего кодового агента, как его используют инженеры и что это может значить для будущего разработки ПО.

Чтобы разобраться, как устроен Codex, как команды внутри OpenAI его используют и как он влияет на инженерные практики у создателей ChatGPT, я поговорил с тремя сотрудниками OpenAI:Тибо Соттио (Thibault Sottiaux) — руководитель Codex.

Оба продукта были запущены весной: Codex CLI анонсировали в апреле 2025 года, а Codex в ChatGPT представили в мае.

В команде Codex эти файлы объясняют агенту, как ориентироваться в кодовой базе, какие команды запускать для тестирования и как следовать стандартам проекта.

Использование Codex в OpenAIПомим…

10 февраля мы в очередной раз запускаем бесплатный онлайн-курс по обработке естественного языка (Natural Language Processing).

Что будем проходить:классическое начало: закон Ципфа, TF-IDF, RNN, CNN, Transformer;основные задачи NLP: классификация текста, тегирование и генерация;специфичные области: агенты и вайб-кодинг;LLM и их применение.

Если вы студент ИТМО, МФТИ или ВШЭ, то курс можно зачесть, как учебный.

Работаю в области NLP более 12 лет, успел поработать в Яндексе и ВКонтакте, защитить кандидатскую диссертацию.

Если есть вопросы, то приходите с ними в ODS Mattermost – там будут все ответы, время семинаров и ссылки.

Then we walked through the fastest way to get inference running locally in Run a Local AI Model in 15 Minutes: Your First Ollama Setup.

Spend enough time in the local AI ecosystem, though, and you’ll notice Ollama isn’t the only option competing for your hard drive.

Three tools dominate the local AI runtime landscape: Ollama, LM Studio, and llama.cpp.

Ollama (Via its dedicated, background-daemon CLI) ollama run llama3 .

There’s a well-worn progression in the local AI community that maps almost exactly to the three tools covered here: LM Studio → Ollama → llama.cpp.

The fix isn’t a bigger context window; it’s treating memory and state as deliberate architectural decisions, not afterthoughts.

Memory feeds into state; state feeds back into memory.

Also worth calling out explicitly: credentials and secrets are not semantic memory.

Episodic Event Logs (Historical Reflection)Semantic memory stores what the agent knows; episodic memory stores what the agent did.

The moment your system serves more than one user, memory has to be siloed.

environ [ "GROQ_API_KEY" ] = "PASTE_YOUR_GROQ_API_KEY_HERE" # Initializing the client client = Groq ( ) # Using an efficient model from Groq: Llama 3.1 8B Instant MODEL_ID = "llama-3.1-8b-instant"An important setup decision here is the choice of a specific model.

strip ( )To understand the limitations of a stateless agent, we simulate a simple user-model conversation through it:# --- Testing the Stateless Agent --- print("--- Turn 1 ---") prompt_1 = "Hi, my name is Alice and I am learning about API infrastructure."

--- Turn 2 (Without Client Context) --- Agent: Unfortunately, I don't have any information about you, including your name.

-- - Turn 2 ( Without Client Context ) -- - Agent : Unf…

Topics we will cover include:The origin and definition of loop engineering, and how it fits into the broader progression from prompt engineering to context engineering to harness engineering.

The three hardest problems in loop engineering — context management, termination, and verification — and the failure modes that result from getting any one of them wrong.

Prompt engineering effectively became one ingredient within context engineering rather than a separate discipline.

Loop engineering is simply the part where all of that gets put into motion and given a rhythm.

It’s that “loop engineering” is a product name and a rallying phrase for a research direction that’s been quietly accumulating…

How the Model Context Protocol, persistent memory graphs, and emerging security patterns define the current production landscape.

IntroductionLook back at how we built AI agents just a year ago, and the dominant paradigm was brute-force orchestration.

This tutorial breaks down the current state of agentic AI architecture, covers the three major shifts defining production systems today, and walks through how to design a modern agent swarm.

The current state of tool calling is increasingly defined by the Model Context Protocol (MCP).

This open standard acts as a universal adapter between AI models and local or remote data sources.

Managing Conversation History with MessagesStateEvery node in a LangGraph graph reads the current state and writes updates back to it.

add_node ( "run_model" , run_model ) builder .

Define a tool with the @tool decorator:from langchain_core.tools import tool @tool def get_customer_tier(customer_id: str) -> str: """Look up the subscription tier for a customer by their ID.

tools import tool @ tool def get_customer_tier ( customer_id : str ) -> str : "" "Look up the subscription tier for a customer by their ID.

add_node ( "run_model" , run_model ) builder .

Share Post ShareIn this article, you will learn what prompt injection and tool misuse are in the context of agentic AI systems, and which defense strategies experts recommend to mitigate them.

Topics we will cover include:How prompt injection and tool misuse can compromise AI agents deployed in real-world production environments.

Prompt injection arises when untrusted inputs to a language model are interpreted as instructions rather than mere data.

This problem has been renamed Agent Goal Hijacking in the context of agentic AI and AI security vulnerabilities.

Closing Remarks: Looking AheadIn line with the growing level of sophistication attained by agentic AI systems, organizations should a…

Topics we will cover include:Why Ollama has become the standard tool for running local AI models.

Ollama has become the go-to tool for local AI because it packages complex model architectures into a clean, lightweight background service.

# Verify Ollama is running by checking the version ollama --version # Pull and immediately run the Llama 3.2 3B model ollama run llama3.2 1 2 3 4 5 # Verify Ollama is running by checking the version ollama -- version # Pull and immediately run the Llama 3.2 3B model ollama run llama3 .

Just run your command directly ( ollama run llama3.2 ), the background daemon is already listening on port 11434.

From here, exploring the other models from our Top 7 list is…

zero_shot import ZeroShotOllamaClassifier # Initializing the classifier with our local Ollama model: llama3:latest clf = ZeroShotOllamaClassifier ( model = "llama3:latest" )A very important clarification about what we just did.

Predicted Sentiment: positive Text: 'The special effects in 'Star Battles: Nebula Conflict' were out of this world.

Predicted Sentiment: positive Text: ''The Lost Symphony' was a masterclass in character development and storytelling.

Predicted Sentiment: positive Text: ' The special effects in 'Star Battles: Nebula Conflict' were out of this world .

The key ingredient: the scikit-ollama library, which elegantly encapsulates this local integration and makes it availab…

])\s+', answer.strip()) return [s.strip() for s in sentences if s.strip()] def claim_supported_by_context(claim: str, context: str) -> bool: """ Check whether a claim has lexical support in the retrieved context.

RAGAS does this with an LLM judge; this overlap check demonstrates the same supported/unsupported decision in a deterministic way. """

strip ( ) ) return [ s . strip ( ) for s in sentences if s . strip ( ) ] def claim_supported_by_context ( claim : str , context : str ) -> bool : "" " Check whether a claim has lexical support in the retrieved context.

def your_judge_function(response_1: str, response_2: str) -> str: # Placeholder -- wire this up to your actual judge model call.

def…

The common pitfalls that show up once agent memory is implemented, and how to fix them.

Agent memory strategy deserves the same deliberate design as orchestration.

Why Is Choosing an AI Agent Memory Strategy Important?

A customer support agent, for example, might keep the current ticket in working memory, a customer’s subscription tier in semantic memory, past complaints in episodic memory, and a learned refund-handling routine in procedural memory.

As discussed, working memory, semantic memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory serve different purposes and require different storage and retrieval strategies.

openai import OpenAI as LlamaOpenAI from llama_index .

# Prerequisites: pip install openai python-dotenv # How to run: python raw_api_agent.py import os import json from dotenv import load_dotenv from openai import OpenAI load_dotenv ( ) client = OpenAI ( api_key = os .

Prerequisites:pip install openai langchain langchain-openai llama-index \ llama-index-llms-openai llama-index-embeddings-openai python-dotenv 1 2 pip install openai langchain langchain - openai llama - index \ llama - index - llms - openai llama - index - embeddings - openai python - dotenvHow to run: Save as three_ways.py and run python three_ways.py# three_ways.py # The same document Q&A task implemented three ways: # Raw …

Topics we will cover include:What tools and subagents are, and the key differences between them.

This article explains what tools and subagents are, where each fits, and how to make the choice every time.

When an agent calls a tool, the result lands back in the same context the agent is actively reasoning in — prior reasoning, tool result, and everything else together.

A database record, search result, or API response can often be consumed immediately.

If the answer is independent reasoning, context isolation, specialized capabilities, or parallel execution, a subagent is likely justified.

tools = tools self .

tools = tools self .

threshold : return { "status" : "resolved" , "tool" : tool [ "name" ] , "confidence" : score , "attempts" : 1 } # Reformulate by stripping filler words.

tools = tools self .

full_catalog_tokens = sum ( estimate_tokens ( d ) for d in descs ) def _retrieve ( self , query : str , top_k : int ) -> list [ dict ] : query_vec = self .

Share Post ShareIn this article, you will learn how context engineering and memory engineering solve different problems in agentic AI systems, and how the two disciplines meet at the point where retrieved memory enters the context window.

Most of the time, the problem lies in two areas that get built together, conflated, or skipped: context engineering and memory engineering.

Memory Engineering: Designing Persistent AI Memory SystemsOnce an inference call completes, memory engineering determines what deserves to persist and under what conditions it gets used again.

trust_level >= 0.5 )AI Agent Memory Design Guide – Working, Long-Term, and Procedural Memory with Forgetting and Staleness Mana…

Reading Satya testifying about his gamer cred was ridiculous enough to inspire a dumb idea: which tech CEOs are gamers?

I did not find any mention of either playing video games.

There is one NYT article that mentions Elon Musk used to crash at Larry Page’s place after playing video games, but it never says if Page played video games, so I will play it safe and say neither are gamers.

The main video game related story Steve is tied to is the Atari Breakout debacle, which you probably already know.

Given how new his rise to tech CEO celebrity-ism is, you’d think there wouldn’t be much information about his video game habits, but somehow, there is.

People keep talking about how AI will make their job easy, and I don’t really understand why.

I assume the factory job producing this was still hard work.

I don’t think AI has made my job chill, and I feel like I am front-line compared to much of the economy.

It’s not widely known, but transportation and warehousing has the highest rate of nonfatal work injuries in the US.

For a while, this will not lead to any job loss, because increasing abundance will lead to higher demand.

On Monday, Anthropic filed a lawsuit against the Department of War, and an amicus brief in support of Anthropic was filed on behalf of a number of OpenAI and Google employees.

There’s also an amicus brief filed on behalf of Microsoft.

There’s conflicting reporting, but very broadly, Anthropic signed an agreement with the government to deploy Claude in classified, military contexts.

Anthropic said no, Pete Hegseth declared them a supply chain risk, and Anthropic filed a lawsuit against this.

The amicus brief was broadly aligned with my thoughts on the matter, so I signed.

This has spoilers for MIT Mystery Hunt 2026.

Pre-HuntThe time running up to Hunt was more stressful than usual…very briefly, I typically hunt with teammate.

Just last year, I did GPH 2025, LN Hunt, Teammate Hunt 2025, Microsoft Hunt 2025, and Silph Puzzle Hunt 2025, all of which had significant 3+ hour solve puzzles that would not be out of place in Mystery Hunt.

Not to mention smaller hunts like Advent Hunt, and then I didn’t even do Brown Puzzlehunt or Vertex Hunt or the fall CMU Hunt.

To me, the crux is whether Mystery Hunt is broken, or Mystery Hunt is fine.

* * *I’ve been thinking about the anger surrounding generative AI.

To keep things fair, he took the best human images and best AI images, meaning human art from famous artists, and AI art from prompters skilled at removing obvious tells of image generation.

When people complain about AI slop, I see it as a complaint against the deluge of default style AI images.

We’ve seen this happen in all forms: AI text, AI music, older forms of computer generated content like CGI.

As much as we celebrate imperfection, digital imperfection is a step too far.

February 25, 2026The Future of SoftwareThe world of software is undergoing a shift not seen since the advent of compilers in the 1970s.

How will humans tell AI agents what software artefacts we would like to create?

How will humans tell AI agents what software artefacts we would like to create?

This future of software creation, in which our programming languages are abstracted away, raises two very important questions:What will the instruction/specification language look like?

This should be a clear layer of separation between the developer and the pool of AI agents working to maintain software.

Deep Learning is Powerful Because It Makes Hard Things Easy - Reflections 10 Years OnTen years ago this week, I wrote a provocative and bold post that blew up, made it to top spot on HackerNews.

In hindsight: There is a lot of stuff in deep learning that we don't understand nearly enough.

Sometimes things work for reasons completely unrelated to why we thought they would work.

(Pop some 🍿 in the microwave and read till the end for more)🎯 "Deep learning is powerful exactly because it makes hard things easy"Okay, this was a great insight.

🎯 Generative ModelingIn the post I suggested people learn "something harder" instead of - or in addition to - deep learning.

its children def __add__ ( self , other ): other = other if isinstance ( other , Value ) else Value ( other ) return Value ( self .

data , ( self , other ), ( 1 , 1 )) def __mul__ ( self , other ): other = other if isinstance ( other , Value ) else Value ( other ) return Value ( self .

extend ( head_out ) x = linear ( x_attn , state_dict [ f 'layer { li } .attn_wo' ]) x = [ a + b for a , b in zip ( x , x_residual )] # 2) MLP block x_residual = x x = rmsnorm ( x ) x = linear ( x , state_dict [ f 'layer { li } .mlp_fc1' ]) x = [ xi .

Since microgpt processes one token at a time (no batch dimension, no parallel time steps), we build the KV cache explicitly.

The model is completing the document…

3.7 Flash shows strong gains over 3.6 Flash in coding tasks like debugging and issue resolution.

In web development, 3.7 Flash generates more functional layouts and feature-complete apps in fewer prompts.

It outperforms 3.6 Flash on Arena.ai’s WebDev Arena with an Elo score of 1588 vs 1538.

For knowledge-dense fields like finance, law, and biosciences, 3.7 Flash delivers improved reasoning and accuracy.

It also surpasses 3.6 Flash in AutomationBench, demonstrating it can more effectively complete real-world business workflows (30.4% vs 17.0%).

Introducing sign-language-to-text (SL2T), our breakthrough model powering new sign language features for Deaf and hard of hearing users.

AI's ability to process spoken languages has advanced rapidly over recent decades, enabling automatic translation, dictation, and conversational interfaces that feel effortless to hearing users.

Yet this technological revolution has not reached the world’s more than 200 sign languages — and the estimated 70 million Deaf and hard of hearing people who use them.

With it, we are bringing sign language AI out of the lab and into consumer products for the first time: SL2T powers sign-to-text dictation in Gboard and Live Transcribe on Pixel 11, starting with…

Predicting how dangerous cyclones develop is a longstanding challenge where every hour counts.

Today, in a paper published in Nature, we show that our WeatherNext AI model achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in predicting a cyclone's track, intensity, and wind structure.

During the 2025 hurricane season, our model helped the NHC to make a historic forecast for Hurricane Melissa by predicting the storm’s rapid intensification and landfall in Jamaica.

Given this broad impact, we are now open sourcing our WeatherNext 2 and WeatherNext Cyclones models used during the hurricane season.

How WeatherNext predicts weather and cyclones

That’s why today we’re launching Gemini Robotics ER 2, our most capable “embodied reasoning” model for robotics.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 can also natively call tools like Google Search to find information, or any other user-defined function.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 represents a significant upgrade over Gemini Robotics ER 1.6.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 is now publicly available to developers via the Gemini API, Google AI Studio, and in private preview on Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 improves this tool orchestration workflow.

Our newest music generation model, Lyria 3.5, delivers significant advancements across musicality, lyrics, and vocal quality, empowering you to craft richer tracks.

We’re rolling it out today in Google Flow Music, where we want to help you create songs you love, with creative control.

Enhanced lyrics: Generate higher quality lyrics with improved prompt adherence and structural awareness.

Generate higher quality lyrics with improved prompt adherence and structural awareness.

Improved vocals: Bring more expression and emotion to your songs with more realistic and emotionally nuanced vocals, plus improved pronunciation.

From feet to fingertips — we are teaching robots intelligent whole-body control, fine dexterity, and teamwork to complete a broad range of complex tasksFor decades, we’ve dreamed of robots that can seamlessly step into our world and lend a hand.

Today, we are introducing Gemini Robotics 2 - the intelligence layer powering the next generation of truly adaptable robots.

As it takes its first literal steps, this major advance unlocks intelligent whole-body control, advanced dexterity, and multi-robot collaboration.

Gemini Robotics 2 enables robots to reason through every movement, unlocking a broad range of tasks.

And this profound intelligence can also run locally on-device while seamlessly a…

In December, we shared our commitment to the White House's Genesis Mission — the national effort to harness AI and double the pace of American scientific discovery within a decade.

Today, at the DOE Genesis Mission Summit 2026, we are expanding this by committing $40 million of AI tokens and cloud credits for researchers in support of the Genesis Mission.

WeatherNext — a state-of-the-art family of AI weather forecasting models for mapping weather conditions.

— a state-of-the-art family of AI weather forecasting models for mapping weather conditions.

Driving American innovationThe Genesis Mission represents an opportunity to transform research and science across America.

Building on Gemini 3.5 Flash, we’re introducing new Gemini models:3.6 Flash: Our workhorse model that delivers better coding, knowledge work, and multimodal performance.

3.5 Flash Cyber in CodeMender: Successful cybersecurity applications require careful orchestration of a model alongside an agent infrastructure.

3.6 Flash: More efficient and better quality than 3.5 FlashGemini 3.6 Flash builds directly on developer and customer feedback from 3.5 Flash.

For example, on the Artificial Analysis Index, we see 3.6 Flash consuming 17% fewer output tokens than 3.5 Flash.

This enhanced efficiency is also combined with a lower price than 3.5 Flash.

Building on Gemini 3.5 Flash, we’re introducing new Gemini models:3.6 Flash: Our workhorse model that delivers better coding, knowledge work, and multimodal performance.

3.5 Flash Cyber in CodeMender: Successful cybersecurity applications require careful orchestration of a model alongside an agent infrastructure.

3.6 Flash: More efficient and better quality than 3.5 FlashGemini 3.6 Flash builds directly on developer and customer feedback from 3.5 Flash.

For example, on the Artificial Analysis Index, we see 3.6 Flash consuming 17% fewer output tokens than 3.5 Flash.

This enhanced efficiency is also combined with a lower price than 3.5 Flash.

Today, we’re expanding our longtime efforts to better prepare defenders by introducing Gemini 3.5 Flash Cyber, our lightweight cybersecurity model built on top of 3.5 Flash and fine-tuned to find, validate, and patch vulnerabilities quickly and efficient, making it more effective at these tasks than Gemini’s mainline Flash models.

By building on top of Flash, 3.5 Flash Cyber offers a cost-efficient and highly capable alternative to large, costly cybersecurity models.

Given the dual-use nature of this technology, we have taken an intentional approach to how we deploy 3.5 Flash Cyber.

3.5 Flash Cyber benchmark results: an efficient alternative to larger cybersecurity modelsWe tested 3.5 F…

Today, Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs are sharing our joint approach to bioresilience.

Inside our bioresilience programWe believe society must harness AI’s advancing capabilities to address infectious diseases and prepare for future outbreaks.

With this in mind, we are making our AI models and agents available to trusted partners to support progress across three key areas: prevention, detection and response.

Working in collaboration with governments and global health authorities to advance a diverse range of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies enables the Isomorphic Labs Drug Design Engine’s real-world impact for bioresilience.

To read more about our work and our call for new par…

A new contribution to Indian Education with Atal Innovation MissionWe believe behind every good student is a great teacher.

That’s why for over 20 years, Google has been dedicated to supporting the education ecosystem by introducing technology into teaching and learning through a teacher-led approach.

With foundational platforms like Google for Education and Google Classroom, we build products tailored to the needs of schools, keeping the teacher in the lead.

To further support the empowerment of educators, our new Google Educator AI Series ensures teachers are equipped with both the tools and the digital skills required for today's classrooms.

We see Gemini as a great tool to enable our pa…

Today, Google DeepMind and A24 are announcing a first-of-its-kind partnership focused on research.

The collaboration pairs a world-leading research lab with the industry’s most filmmaker-forward studio to help artists develop new workflows and techniques.

This partnership creates a deep research and development collaboration between A24 and Google DeepMind spanning multiple projects over time.

This hands-on collaboration provides Google DeepMind with invaluable feedback and guidance from leading artists.

As A24 and Google DeepMind’s researchers work side-by-side to test, iterate and build, this partnership aims to expand what is possible in the future of entertainment.

Uploading audio references and scene extension is not yet supported in the Gemini API for this model.

Video references up to 3 seconds in duration are accepted by the API schema but are not correctly processed by the model at this time.

Gemini Omni is available in public preview starting today in Google AI Studio and the Gemini API.

Use Nano Banana 2 Lite as a high-speed image generation model, then pass that image as a reference to Gemini Omni Flash to animate it into a high-quality video.

To help you get started we created a few demo apps you can remix that let you experience how you can pair both Nano Banana 2 Lite and Gemini Omni Flash into one workflow.

Making computer use safe in 3.5 FlashTo mitigate some of the prompt injection risks for agents operating in live environments, we use targeted adversarial training for computer use in Gemini 3.5 Flash.

We’re also releasing two optional enterprise safeguard systems that enable enterprises to:Require explicit user confirmation for sensitive or irreversible actions.

Automatically stop tasks if an indirect prompt injection is identified.

Taking a “defense-in-depth” approach, we encourage developers to combine these features with secure sandboxing, human-in-the-loop verification and strict access controls.

We are already seeing customers drive value with computer use.

BigQuery Graph helps organizations move beyond flat, static tables to represent enterprises exactly how they exist in the physical world: as interconnected business entities with real-world dependencies.

With the support of measures in BigQuery Graph (preview), we are unifying governed metrics with relationship mapping.

Measures in BigQuery Graph solves this by letting you map existing tables to a property graph in-place with zero ETL.

Business metrics (measures) calculate how your business performed.

BigQuery Graph solves this natively.

When a Gemini Enterprise user requests a business KPI in Gemini Enterprise, the request is routed directly to a Looker agent.

Technical capabilities and enterprise readinessDeploying Looker agents natively into Gemini Enterprise via the A2A protocol doesn't just make it smarter — it makes it more interactive and interoperable, without sacrificing security.

When users interact with Looker agents inside Gemini Enterprise, the platform goes beyond textual explanations and provides native, interactive data charts.

Note: If you published Looker agents in Gemini Enterprise prior to Looker release 26.12, we recommend updating or refreshing them to take advantage of these enhanced visualization cap…

But before it could begin applying sophisticated AI models to power those insights, WPP had to overcome a critical engineering challenge: the marketing data that made up the models was fragmented across hundreds of global agencies.

And until it built a reliable way to ingest, clean, and serve data to those models, WPP couldn’t unlock the true potential of generative AI.

To solve this, WPP partnered with Google Cloud to construct a unified data backbone and custom platform engineering path.

Now, by standardizing its serverless compute patterns and data processing workflows, WPP is able to securely deploy targeted marketing campaigns in days instead of months.

By utilizing a serverless archit…

At Google Cloud, we help organizations of all sizes build and operationalize complex agentic workflows with total confidence.

By combining world-class AI research with an open, fully integrated AI platform, we give customers the flexibility to innovate and the foundation to deliver measurable business value.

At the center of it all is Gemini Enterprise, a unified platform designed to power the agentic enterprise, meet builders where they are, and deliver enterprise trust by default.

We believe this integrated approach is why Google has been named a Leader in The Forrester Wave™: AI Platforms, Q3 2026 report, and received the highest score in the Strategy category.

We’ve spent our careers trying to solve this problem for major companies like Spotify and Priceline, and it’s why Sidd founded Malachyte, an AI-powered ecommerce recommendation platform.

These days, consumers have come to expect content that feels personalized and relevant, and online services competing for their attention have no choice but to do this exceptionally well.

Malachyte was inspired by some unique insights into how advanced AI models, and large language models in particular, could be applied in new ways to old challenges like personalization and recommendations.

This is the story of how we built it, and the ways any founder can use services like these to start deploying AI found…

Intro to AI Agents: Build a foundational understanding of how autonomous agents can redefine productivity.

Enterprise Agents and Use Cases: Discover how AI agents drive real business impact.

Create Your First Gemini Enterprise Application skill badge: Earn a skill badge that proves you can create an app with Gemini Enterprise.

Orchestrate Multi-Agent Workflows with Gemini Enterprise skill badge: Demonstrate your ability to manage multiple agents powered by Gemini Enterprise with a skill badge.

Engineer AI Agents with Agent Development Kit (ADK) skill badge: Build production-grade agents using expert developer tools.

Nearly every major AI lab uses Google Cloud infrastructure, including for training of models, inference for agents, and new frontier research.

Today, we’re announcing that Mirendil, an exciting frontier AI lab focused on accelerating AI development, will also utilize Google Cloud’s AI Hypercomputer.

This includes using a mix of Google’s TPU AI accelerators and full-stack NVIDIA AI infrastructure running on Google Cloud; this purpose-built AI infrastructure will support model pre-training and post-training applications for Mirendil.

The Mirendil team is building new AI systems that can help accelerate and democratize AI research and development.

We closely partnered with Mirendil on end-to-e…

At Deutsche Bank, we recognized that APIs aren't just technical plumbing; they're the nervous system of modern banking.

We've moved from "Where's that customer data API?"

Security: the employee onboarding analogyWhen thinking about API security, imagine onboarding a new employee.

Like employee access, these permissions are centrally managed, regularly audited, and instantly revocable.

This visibility serves operations, product managers who track partner value, and security teams who identify anomalies.

Building the enterprise ontology on Spanner GraphWe evaluated multiple specialized technologies, including standalone vector databases and niche graph databases.

We ultimately chose Spanner Graph to build our enterprise ontology, which is a "graph-of-graphs" paradigm that allows us to construct a massive, generative AI-powered shopping graph.

By unifying our data, we bring semantic data, graph relationships, vector embeddings, and operational transactions under one roof.

Spanner Graph natively supports multi-hop graph traversals, semantic vector similarity, and full-text keyword queries over our relational tables.

Consolidated SQL + GQL interoperability: With Spanner Graph, our developers q…

At Google Cloud, we propose an alternative: a modernization strategy that leverages the power of AI, agility of the cloud and allows for iterative and continuous modernization.

This approach recognizes a fundamental truth: mainframe modernization isn’t a pure code-to-code conversion problem.

Deep operational lock-in with specialized proprietary mainframe utility suites.

In other words, real-world modernization of mainframe applications is so much more than converting COBOL to Java.

Our solutions span four core pillars: assessment, modernization, de-risking, and data migration.

Along with a batch of new platform updates, this month we’ve put together 13 practical demos and 20 diagnostic questions to help your engineering teams align on a strong architectural blueprint.

Top announcementsThought leadership (editor’s pick):If automation requires delegation, then delegation requires trust.

But letting an AI agent run on its own is a big leap for any business.

What makes an AI agent trustworthy: Context is fast becoming one of the most valuable assets a company owns.

Prajakta Damle, Senior Director, Product Management, shares what it takes to get trustworthy AI right.

We incorporate AI into the tools you use every day (think Gmail, BigQuery, AlloyDB, Google Cloud Code and Google Cloud Assist).

We make software frameworks to help you build with AI, like Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform, JAX, or MaxTest.

To support this, we are making AI infrastructure and orchestration news at a furious pace.

Report: We recently surveyed more than 1,400 senior IT leaders for our State of AI Infrastructure report, and a resounding pattern emerged: The gap between AI ambition and infrastructure reality is widening.

Product deep dive: We went into depth about Cloud Storage Rapid, a new family of high-performance storage offerings for AI workloads.

Expected operational standard: Your organizational mean time to remediate (MTTR) exposures and other desired changes into production goes down and to the right.

System consolidation: Boards should look beyond standalone AI features and point products to address systemic risk and truly enable business speed.

That deep context becomes the defender’s advantage when you are using AI powered defenses, including those in AI Threat Defense.

Your teams should be looking at how they are using AI to accelerate security and respond to AI-driven threats at AI speed.

Consider technologies like AI Threat Defense as part of your defenses in this new world.

Optimization 1: Pushing density with GKE Agent SandboxTo address this, we migrated the same agent workload from microVMs to GKE Agent Sandbox, a Kubernetes primitive that’s designed specifically for the security and performance requirements of running agents.

Instead of relying on heavy guest operating systems, GKE Agent Sandbox leverages the open-source secure container sandbox, gVisor.

It’s no surprise then, that when GKE Agent Sandbox reached General Availability in May, its usage grew more than 7x in under four weeks.

Key takeaway: In our tests, migrating OpenClaw-type agents to GKE Agent Sandbox enabled us to run more than 40% more agents per vCPU, and reduced the cost per agent by mor…

Since we launched Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform a few months ago, we’ve seen inspiring progress from businesses and builders alike.

To stir up development, we’ve also shared 13 demos that can walk you through the versatility and power of Agent Platform, and 20 questions you can ask your teams about building a solid agentic foundation.

That’s why today, we are announcing some of our most popular capabilities are available for everyone, from Agent Runtime to Agent Identity.

We also recently just announced CodeMender, our new managed code security agent to help you advance from passive scanning to automated code remediation, and reduce zero-day risk.

Automate your long-running agents faster…

At a glance MindTopo is a new benchmark for testing topological reasoning in AI, evaluating whether multimodal models can understand concepts such as connectivity, enclosure, order, separation, and knots.

How MindTopo defines topological spaceMost spatial evaluations for multimodal models focus on Euclidean properties such as distance, direction, size, and relative position.

MindTopo pairs questions about static scenes with interactive tasks that require models to preserve or change the same topological relations.

MindTopo maps reasoning and planning tasks to continuity, separation, order, enclosure, and knots.

Closing that gap may require models that carry an explicit topological state, or…

Research Note: CARE-X is a research model and not a Microsoft product offering or medical device.

CARE-X was developed as a research model to explore how a unified approach can address these diverse demands.

The CARE-X model.

The classification head outputs calibrated P(Yes)/P(No) scores; the grounding head outputs bounding box coordinate with confidence; the language modeling head generates free-text responses.

CARE-X: Toward clinically useful radiology AICARE-X demonstrates that discriminative and generative objectives can be effectively combined within a unified radiology AI model.

At a glance Orchard is an open-source framework for scalable and cost-effective agentic AI research, built around Orchard Env, a reusable environment service for training and evaluating agents across task domains.

To address this gap, we introduce Orchard (opens in new tab), an open-source framework for scalable agentic modeling.

Unlike many existing frameworks, Orchard Env is designed to support different agent systems and task types without modification.

(opens in new tab) We are also releasing the training data and evaluation methods used to build them.

By making the underlying infrastructure open, lightweight, and reusable, Orchard lowers the cost of agentic AI research.

At a glance We built twelve training worlds for computer-use agents: ten deep domain worlds and two capability worlds, each drilling a single control rendered in many forms (date pickers and nested filters).

Shallow worlds backfire; deep worlds transferA shallow world is the cheap option.

A deep world costs more, but its trajectories carry the dependent structure that transfers to the live site.

Only the deep world improves both, lifting Allrecipes to 85.0% and the harder Hugging Face split to 65.0%.

First, more deep worlds for the closed domains public benchmarks cannot reach.

By turning experience into reusable knowledge, EvoLib helps AI models learn from past successes and failures and evolve the knowledge that has the highest potential on improving future performance.

By turning experience into reusable knowledge, EvoLib helps AI models learn from past successes and failures and evolve the knowledge that has the highest potential on improving future performance.

Rather than treating memory as a growing archive of past experiences, EvoLib extracts reusable knowledge from those experiences and continually refines it as new experiences arrive.

As new knowledge is extracted from recent experience, EvoLib retrieves similar knowledge from the library and tries to co…

Aeneas allows verifying a large subset of Rust code and provides efficient automation in Lean to support the proof effort.

SymCrypt is extending the same Rust, Lean, and Aeneas-based workflow to more Rust-native algorithms and integrating them into production versions for Windows and Linux, including for instance verified Rust code for, e.g., AES-GCM, FrodoKEM, and ML-DSA.

The Rust code and the proofs live side by side, but the proof burden does not shape the code into something unnatural.

Others can be modelled using Rust code, which can be tested against hardware reference documentation, then translated and verified.

This is particularly powerful because the Rust code and Lean proofs are …

Aurora 1.5 connects open research to Microsoft Weather services, linking the model with data, infrastructure, managed access, and operational use for weather and Earth-system applications.

Aurora 1.5 is a major update to the open Aurora Earth-system foundation model, adding 22 new weather variables for a broader view of atmospheric conditions, hourly forecasts, and probabilistic ensemble forecasting.

Aurora 1.5 advances the broader effort to make open weather foundation models practical and scalable for organizations that rely on atmospheric and Earth-system intelligence.

Figure 1: Illustration of the capabilities of Aurora 1.5 ensemble for predicting new impactful parameters such as total …

Flint allows AI agents to reliably generate expressive, visually polished charts from simple, human-editable specifications.. Flint allows AI agents to reliably generate expressive, visually polished charts from simple, human-editable specifications.

They help the compiler choose appropriate scales, baselines, formatting, and color schemes.. Flint leverages semantic data types to express meanings of data.

To address this challenge, we introduce Flint (opens in new tab), a visualization intermediate language for AI-driven chart creation.

Flint compiles a compact, human-editable chart specification into a complete backend-native specification and rendered visualization.

How Flint worksFigure …

SkillOpt treats an agent skill file as a trainable parameter outside a frozen target model, turning skill writing from one-shot prompting into a controlled optimization process.

SkillOpt keeps skills compact and auditable through bounded text edits, validation gating, rejected-edit feedback, and slow/meta updates, avoiding uncontrolled prompt drift.

The optimized skills transfer across model scales, agent harnesses, and related tasks, suggesting that they capture reusable workflow knowledge rather than benchmark-specific instructions.

Today, agent skills typically come from three sources: experts write them by hand, a frontier model generates them one-shot, or the agent loosely revises them…

Memora is a scalable memory system that dramatically increases agent productivity on long-horizon tasks by decoupling what is stored (rich memory content) from how it’s retrieved (lightweight abstractions and cue anchors), balancing abstraction and specificity.

is a scalable memory system that dramatically increases agent productivity on long-horizon tasks by decoupling is stored (rich memory content) from it’s retrieved (lightweight abstractions and cue anchors), balancing abstraction and specificity.

Why this is hard: the abstraction–specificity tensionExisting memory systems fall into two extremes.

None of these resolves the underlying tension between abstraction (which keeps memory effi…

As black-box models spread, the gap between prediction and understanding has become one of the central problems in computational neuroscience.

GCT distills brain-prediction models into short, readable accounts of what each patch of cortex responds to, then tests those claims.

An LLM writes new stories engineered to activate a specific brain area, subjects hear them in the scanner, and if the explanation is correct, the targeted region lights up.

An LLM writes new stories engineered to activate a specific brain area, subjects hear them in the scanner, and if the explanation is correct, the targeted region lights up.

To build trust in the explanation, GCT uses an LLM to write new stories in w…

As black-box models spread, the gap between prediction and understanding has become one of the central problems in computational neuroscience.

GCT distills brain-prediction models into short, readable accounts of what each patch of cortex responds to, then tests those claims.

An LLM writes new stories engineered to activate a specific brain area, subjects hear them in the scanner, and if the explanation is correct, the targeted region lights up.

An LLM writes new stories engineered to activate a specific brain area, subjects hear them in the scanner, and if the explanation is correct, the targeted region lights up.

To build trust in the explanation, GCT uses an LLM to write new stories in w…

At a glance Talos is an open-source tool for automated, iterative reanalysis of genomic data in rare disease.

Deployed across a prospective cohort of almost 5,000 undiagnosed patients, Talos delivered 241 new diagnoses (5.1% additional yield).

On monthly iterative cycles, analysts only needed to review one new variant per 200 patients, demonstrating that frequent, systematic reanalysis can be run sustainably.

Why genome reanalysis mattersGenomic testing has transformed the diagnosis of rare disease, but even with this advancement, more than half of patients remain undiagnosed after their first test.

Looking aheadTalos reframes genomic reanalysis from a rare, labor-intensive event into a con…

At a glance Project Ire identifies a LOTUSLITE variant that shares TTPs (tools, tactics, procedures) with the public family but none of its indicators of compromise (IOC).

On Ire’s calibrationOne noteworthy observation in Ire’s report (opens in new tab) is worth highlighting first.

The Ire report does not surface a matching entry-point name, but it identifies that the behavioral shape is the same.

Ire never named LOTUSLITE in its report or chain of evidence.

Ire described the behavior precisely enough to make the mapping straightforward of this sample to LOTUSLITE.

At a glance Data Formulator 0.7 is an open-source AI-powered system for enterprise data analytics that combines data connectivity, agent-guided exploration, and visualization refinement in a shared workspace.

Enterprise teams increasingly rely on AI systems for analytics, but enterprise data workflows are often fragmented across storage systems and tools.

Listen now Opens in a new tabConnecting enterprise data with Data ConnectorsData Formulator helps teams bring enterprise data into an AI-ready workspace without needing to rebuild the same connections for every source of data.

Data Connectors provide persistent connections between enterprise data sources and Data Formulator, allowing analy…

“It’s supposed to be an ion conductor.” But unfortunately, most electrolytes get involved in unwanted chemical reactions with the electrodes, which can greatly undermine battery stability.

The team’s goal, accordingly, was to identify solvent molecules that are small enough to improve ion transport while still maintaining electrolyte stability.

There is, however, a complicating factor — a trade-off to be addressed: Faster ion transport often comes at the expense of electrolyte stability.

By carefully tailoring the size of solvent molecules, the authors demonstrate a new design strategy that could enable lower-cost, higher performance batteries.”The group is not done.

The overriding goal of …

Explainable AI methods help users know when to trust a model’s predictions by describing or validating the model’s decision-making.

By contrast, clinicians were not tripped up by incorrect AI assistance and performed best when given only a model’s prediction, with no accompanying explanation.

“Good AI systems can improve performance in some health settings, but this has to be balanced carefully with algorithmic deference that can lead to more error.

They tested users by showing them medical images plus an AI prediction of skin disease, employing different explainable AI approaches.

We were just able to train very good AI models for this setting,” Ghassemi says.

Alexander “Sasha” Rakhlin PhD ’06, the Distinguished Professor in Data, Systems, and Society at the MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society (IDSS); and a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT, has been named the next director of the MIT Statistics and Data Science Center (SDSC).

“The strength of the Statistics and Data Science Center has always been its people — students, postdocs, and faculty from across MIT who bring sharply different perspectives to the most interesting problems of the day in statistics, machine learning, and AI.

“At the Statistics and Data Science Center, I work alongside colleagues who share this fascination and pursue these connections in many directio…

Daniela Rus, director of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and the Panasonic Professor of Computer Science, has received the 2026 High-Tech Prize of the Bavarian Minister-President for her contributions to robotics, artificial intelligence, and autonomous systems.

The selection committee cited four strands of her work: self-organizing robot collectives, soft robotics, autonomous mobility, and brain-inspired artificial intelligence.

She is also a pioneer of soft robotics, where compliant machines manipulate the world more safely and adapt to it more readily than rigid ones can.

"Daniela Rus is a pioneer in soft robotics and physical AI," noted Lorenzo Masi…

This spring, 25 MIT students and postdocs traveled to Washington to meet with congressional staffers and advocate for sustained federal investment in scientific research.

With recent cuts to National Science Foundation programs and continued uncertainty surrounding the federal research budget, these conversations were especially timely.

Over the course of just two days, participants met with 62 congressional offices representing 32 states to discuss the importance of federal support for scientific research, higher education, and other policy concerns related to their individual research areas.

To prepare for the trip, participants attended three training sessions led by SPI in collaboration…

Before the advancement of scientific data storage and collaboration via the cloud, medical investigators seeking health research breakthroughs had to overcome significant obstacles to collaboration and key clinical data gathering.

The data eventually became the first database of the global platform PhysioNet — founded in 1999 at the Harvard-MIT program in Health Sciences and Technology — as a clinical data repository for complex physiological signals.

In the years since PhysioNet was established, the value of sharing research data has gained much wider recognition.

Pollard points to similar platforms like Health Data Nexus as examples of PhysioNet’s legacy.

In addition to using PhysioNet da…

In pursuit of autonomous nuclear plant operationsIt turns out the research for the master’s was just the tip of the iceberg.

For the future viability of nuclear power, small plants, located in rural areas, are a distinct possibility.

It’s where supervised and thoroughly vetted autonomous operations will help.

A primary question was: “How do we transition to autonomous operations in nuclear power plants?” Fortier wanted one integrated approach, a central supervisory control system instead of many interlinked parts.

Using the nuclear plant automation program on next-generation equipment will deliver necessary traction in developing and deploying commercial microreactors.

MIT researchers are set to contribute to the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Genesis Mission, with 15 collaborative projects among those selected for funding under Genesis Phase I, DOE announced Wednesday.

“MIT researchers are proud to be leading and contributing to projects under the Genesis Mission, in vital areas of research that support national priorities,” says Ian A. Waitz, MIT’s vice president for research.

Projects under the Genesis Mission are collaborative by design; teams must draw on the expertise of researchers from academia, industry, and/or the national laboratories.

Phase I projects that identify promising pathways toward transformative capabilities at scale may be consid…

Over the course of his career, Bertsekas’ research spanned, and had a definitive influence upon, several fields, including optimization, control, large-scale computation, reinforcement learning, and artificial intelligence.

Along the way, Bertsekas taught, advised, and mentored students who would eventually become his colleagues at all four institutions.

“Dimitri played a defining role in my career,” says Asu Ozdaglar, department head of EECS at MIT.

Some referred to Dimitri as an “immortal.” Another comment I recall fondly — and often reminded Dimitri about — was: “Professor Bertsekas is a very handsome man!” Their bond continued long after Van Roy’s graduation.

He is survived by his wife …

Ever since she was a child playing on her family’s farmland in Wisconsin, Bailey Flanigan was guided by her own selective, yet wide-ranging, curiosity.

“I found myself unmotivated to take all the AP [advanced placement] classes for the sake of it.

So Flanigan moved toward public health, where she researched microfluidic devices for HIV detection that could be used in low-resource settings.

After graduating from UW-Madison, Flanigan worked as a predoctoral research assistant in economics at Princeton.

“I feel so lucky to be studying these questions from within both political science and EECS, because I have the freedom to explore both the political and technical substance of tools for more d…

The system generates new data based on the model’s abilities as it attempts to convert a 2D image into a CAD program.

“Nearly every physical product around us, from airplanes to appliances, begins its life as a CAD model.

For guesses that are nearly correct, GIFT adjusts them to become successful solutions.

The CAD models generated by VLMs using GIFT were better aligned with the shapes of ground-truth models.

In the future, the researchers want to expand GIFT so the framework can teach models to generate CAD programs that improve the performance and manufacturability of 3D models.

Q: Your paper introduces “neural transparency,” a way to let everyday users peek inside an AI’s neural networks before their chatbot ever says a word.

“Neural transparency” means giving people something like a brain scan for AI.

Our study suggests that people have a blind spot when designing personalized AI.

In previous research, we documented cases of psychological harm associated with interactions with AI chatbots.

AI companions are dynamic systems that evolve as they interact with us, so understanding those internal changes is an important next step.

“In a sense, with a small amount of resource, you have to do a lot of heavy lifting,” he says.

“My interest was: How does one design such graphical models for generic, tabular data?” he says.

And each of the products that you manufacture has lots of small pieces that come from different parts of the world.

Shah adds that Celonis has specialized in digitizing and automating operations for more than 1,400 large companies around the world.

“A narrower focus comes with sharper technology,” he says, “but it’s broad enough that it’s very valuable.”Shah adds, “The recent buzzword that’s become pertinent in the modern AI popular press is a ‘world model.’ In a sense, this is trying to build the ente…

“The JARVIS challenge showed that AI can substantially accelerate safety-critical hardware engineering, but engineering judgment remains the decisive differentiator.

Manufacturing — not engineering design or analysis — remained the fundamental rate-limiting step,” says Professor Zolti Spakovszky, director of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory.

In weekly progress reviews, they would critically evaluate the student progress and assess how the students were using AI.

The 811 team had been resistant to using AI throughout the competition, trusting instead to their fundamentals and teamwork.

From the start of the JARVIS Challenge, younger students used Parley more frequently and cleverly, while the …

From CUDA to MLX: How K-Search Brings Decades of Kernel Expertise to Apple SiliconFigure 1: CUDA-to-MLX optimization translation map.

Although we focus on MLX kernels for Apple Silicon, the method is not specific to MLX and applies to any ecosystem where CUDA expertise is transferable.

With Apple Silicon in hundreds of millions of MacBooks and Mac Studios, MLX enables local AI inference without cloud costs.

Building an MLX backendTo bring K-Search to Apple Silicon, we first built a native MLX backend.

Evaluated on mamba-370m f16, M1 Max 64GB:Metric mlx-mamba (ours) mlx-lm (community) mamba.py Decode 152 tok/s 116 tok/s 40 tok/s Prefill L=512 5,751 tok/s 329 tok/s 1,089 tok/s Prefill L=1024 …

Teaching LLMs to Update Beliefs for Efficient Long-Horizon InteractionOverview of ABBEL compared to traditional recursive summarization.

Belief grading can be thought of as adding an auxiliary RL task, using heuristics designed to capture what makes a good belief as the reward.

With domain-knowledge belief grading, ABBEL approaches or exceeds FULL CTX in this setting; without belief grading, learning is slower.

Context compression methods generate dense representations which, while computationally efficient, sacrifice human-understandability (Kontonis et al., 2026, Eyuboglu et al., 2025, Gupta et al., 2025, Chevalier et al., 2023, Deng et al., 2025, Deng et al., 2025, Bulatov et al., 2022).…

Agents are rapidly becoming capable of synthesizing entire data systems in one go—meaning we can rebuild custom systems for each new workload.

Data Systems For, Of, and By AgentsNext, we will discuss each in more detail, followed by discussing the intertwined future of data systems and agents, especially as the three challenges intersect.

Data Systems Of AgentsPreviously, we focused on how agents interact with data systems.

Data Systems By AgentsFinally, if intelligence is effectively free, then we can employ this intelligence to synthesize new data systems from scratch.

Co-Evolution of Data Systems and AgentsLooking further out, the boundaries between agents and data systems will likely …

2026 BAIR Graduate ShowcaseCongratulations to the Berkeley Artificial Intelligence Research (BAIR) Lab class of 2026!

This year, BAIR celebrates another remarkable group of Ph.D. graduates whose curiosity, creativity, and perseverance have pushed the frontiers of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Their work spans the breadth of modern AI — robotics and embodied intelligence, large language models and reasoning, computer vision, generative modeling, AI safety, human-AI interaction, AI for science and healthcare, and much more.

Along the way, they have published influential research, built systems with real-world impact, mentored their peers, and shaped the BAIR community for th…

Adaptive Parallel Reasoning: The Next Paradigm in Efficient Inference ScalingOverview of adaptive parallel reasoning.

We provide a detailed analysis of recent progress in the field of parallel reasoning, especially Adaptive Parallel Reasoning.

Figure 4: Special Tokens Variants across Adaptive Parallel Reasoning PapersInference Systems for Adaptive ParallelismHow do we actually execute parallel branches?

Figure 14: Difference in Model Choice Across Adaptive Parallel Reasoning PapersEach paper also offers a slightly different interpretation about how adaptive parallel reasoning contributes to the research field.

(Yang et al., 2025; Lian et al., 2025) aim to deliver sequential-AR-model-level a…

Large, learned world models are becoming increasingly capable.

Why is adversarial robustness an issue for world model planning?

We thus exploit the differentiability of learned world models $F_{\theta}$, while not falling victim to the inherent sensitivity of the state Jacobians $D_s F_{\theta}$.

It’s a funny sweet spot where the background literature (planning and control overall) is incredibly mature and well-developed, but the current setting (pure planning optimization over modern, large-scale world models) is still heavily underexplored.

But, once we figure out all the right ideas, world model planners will likely become as commonplace as RL.

Identifying Interactions at Scale for LLMsUnderstanding the behavior of complex machine learning systems, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is a critical challenge in modern artificial intelligence.

Therefore, grounded or reality-checked interpretability methods must also be able to capture these influential interactions.

In this blog post, we describe the fundamental ideas behind SPEX and ProxySPEX, algorithms capable of identifying these critical interactions at scale.

SPEX and ProxySPEX FrameworkTo discover influential interactions with a tractable number of ablations, we have developed SPEX (Spectral Explainer).

We formalize this through two observations: sparsity (relatively f…

We developed a framework that enables direct evaluation and optimization of imaging systems based on their information content.

The first approach treated imaging systems as unconstrained communication channels, ignoring the physical limitations of lenses and sensors.

Our Information-Driven Encoder Analysis Learning (IDEAL) method uses gradient ascent on information estimates to optimize imaging system parameters.

The standard approach to computational imaging design, end-to-end optimization, jointly trains the imaging hardware and a neural network decoder.

The computational efficiency of IDEAL suggests possibilities for designing imaging systems that were previously intractable.

RL without TD learningIn this post, I’ll introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm based on an “alternative” paradigm: divide and conquer.

We can do Reinforcement Learning (RL) based on divide and conquer, instead of temporal difference (TD) learning.

There are two classes of algorithms in RL: on-policy RL and off-policy RL.

We compared TRL with $n$-step TD learning with different values of $n$, from $1$ (pure TD) to $\infty$ (pure MC).

I still think one of the most important problems in RL (and even in machine learning) is to find a scalable off-policy RL algorithm.

For multi-turn training, Amazon Nova Forge runs your reward logic in your own environment through its Bring Your Own Orchestration (BYOO) capability.

Amazon Nova offers multiple customization approaches, with reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) standing out because it can teach models the behaviors you want through iterative feedback.

PrerequisitesTo follow along, you need the following:An Amazon Nova Forge subscription, which provides the Nova Customization SDK and the multi-turn RFT APIs.

In Nova Forge, the reward function is a grader you write in code, and not a separately trained reward model.

With a custom reward function on Amazon Nova Forge you have full control over the reward, which me…

In this post, we show you how to combine OpenAI-compatible endpoints on Amazon SageMaker AI with Amazon Bedrock AgentCore runtime, a capability of Amazon Bedrock AgentCore, and its managed deployment.

We walk through deploying Qwen 3.5 9B on Amazon SageMaker AI, integrating it into a Strands Agents multi-agent system alongside models on Amazon Bedrock, and shipping the entire workflow to Amazon Bedrock AgentCore runtime.

Financial analysis agent (Qwen 3.5 9B on Amazon SageMaker AI) – Stock analysis and portfolio construction using tool-calling.

An AWS account with permissions for Amazon SageMaker AI, Amazon Bedrock, and AgentCore.

The auto-instrumentation of AgentCore only recognizes Amazon…

The following diagram shows the end-to-end observability pipeline and how telemetry flows from agents to the AgentCore Observability dashboard.

Step 4: Create the agent applicationCreate a file named agent_test.py with a Strands agent:from strands import Agent from strands.models.bedrock import BedrockModel from opentelemetry import baggage from opentelemetry.context import attach import time # Configure the Bedrock model model = BedrockModel( model_id="us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", region_name="us-east-1" ) # Create the agent agent = Agent( model=model, system_prompt="You are a helpful travel assistant."

ConclusionAmazon Bedrock AgentCore Observability isn’t limited to agen…

The Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Browser Tool addresses these limitations by providing a fully managed, cloud-based browser service that AI agents use to interact with legacy web interfaces through secure, isolated browser sessions.

The solution integrates with Amazon Bedrock foundation models (FMs) through Amazon Bedrock AgentCore runtime, providing session-isolated security with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls and full audit trails.

The agent drives an isolated Chrome instance in Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Browser Tool over the Chrome DevTools Protocol.

AgentCore Browser ToolAmazon Bedrock AgentCore Browser Tool provides a fully managed, cloud-based browser service.

For portal…

That post demonstrates how Amazon Quick handles document management and the user interface while Amazon Bedrock AgentCore powers specialized agent collaboration.

Option 2: Custom architecture with Amazon Bedrock AgentCoreAmazon Bedrock AgentCore gives you fine-grained control over agent behavior, memory, and coordination.

Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases, the fully managed RAG capability in Amazon Bedrock, indexes due diligence documents including confidential information memoranda (CIMs), financial statements, press packs, and internal governance checklists.

AgentCore Evaluations , a capability of Amazon Bedrock AgentCore, uses Lambda-based evaluators to automatically validate output quality…

Instead, they bring Amazon Quick connected data access and agentic document editing directly into the Microsoft 365 apps your teams open every morning.

General availability and accessAmazon Quick customers can access the new Microsoft 365 extensions now.

You can install the four extensions (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook) across both desktop and web versions of Microsoft 365.

An administrator can push them to targeted users and groups through the Microsoft 365 admin center using a standard manifest.

To learn more, visit the Amazon Quick documentation or sign in to the Quick console and choose the Microsoft 365 extensions from the Extensions menu.

This post shows how to visualize and analyze cost attribution for Amazon Bedrock through Amazon Athena queries and CUDOS dashboards.

Setting up Cost and Usage Reports (CUR 2.0)Before you can analyze Amazon Bedrock costs, set up a CUR 2.0 data export and connect it to Amazon Athena.

For Amazon Bedrock cost attribution, you need to enable IAM principal data in your CUR 2.0 export so that the line_item_iam_principal column and associated IAM principal tags are populated.

Athena query patterns for Bedrock cost trackingWith your CUR 2.0 data available in Athena, you can now answer granular cost attribution questions using SQL.

Amazon Bedrock cost and usage insights in CUDOSCUDOS version 5.8 intr…

In this post, we describe how OneAdvanced built a UK-sovereign AI solution using Llama 4 Maverick and Llama Guard 4 on Amazon SageMaker AI.

Solution overviewThe following diagram shows the high-level architecture of the OneAdvanced AI solution.

PrerequisitesTo self-host an AI model on AWS, you need the following resources and skills:An AWS account with access to p5.48xlarge instances in your target Region.

Llama Guard 4 replaced an earlier deployment of Llama Guard 3 after OneAdvanced observed high false rejection rates with the previous version.

Building over 50 agents with Strands Agents SDKA distinctive aspect of the OneAdvanced solution is its agent library: over 50 task-specific agents…

Amazon introduced Amazon Bedrock AgentCore payments in May 2026, built in partnership with Coinbase and Stripe.

Together, they made governed agent payments an implementation choice rather than a research program.

That is what it takes to deploy agent payments in regulated environments without trading speed for control.

To learn more about Amazon Bedrock AgentCore payments, see the Amazon Bedrock AgentCore payments documentation.

To explore Solv Labs’ governed agent payments, visit Solv Labs.

In this post, we build a tiered KV cache architecture on Amazon SageMaker HyperPod that extends the cache hierarchy beyond GPU and CPU memory into a shared, distributed NVMe pool.

This runs inside each inference Pod and is managed automatically by the SageMaker HyperPod Inference Operator when you set enableL1Cache: true in the InferenceEndpointConfig CRD.

The Inference Operator is installed as an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) add-on and manages the full lifecycle.

The SageMaker HyperPod Inference Operator reconciles it into a Deployment, vLLM Pods (each with an LMCache sidecar), the intelligent router, and a single load-balanced endpoint.

Uninstall Curvine and its CSI: hel…

Daybreak Red and Daybreak Blue from OpenAI are now available on Amazon Bedrock to eligible customers.

This partnership brings Daybreak Red and Daybreak Blue from OpenAI to Amazon Bedrock.

Daybreak Red and Daybreak Blue resolve it through context: who is using the model, where the work occurs, and what safeguards govern that access.

Get startedDaybreak Red: GPT-5.6 Cyber and Daybreak Blue: GPT-5.6 Sol are now available to eligible customers on Amazon Bedrock in the following AWS Region: US East (N. Virginia).

To explore the full GPT-5.6 family on Amazon Bedrock, see Get started with OpenAI GPT-5.6 Sol, Terra, and Luna on Amazon Bedrock.

With technical advisory from GenAIIC, the company built Ishigaki-IDS, a foundation model (FM) specialized for construction industry BIM (Building Information Modeling) workflows.

Familiarity with foundation model training (pre-training and fine-tuning) and basic AWS compute concepts helps, but it isn’t required.

You will learn:How to use synthetic data generation to overcome data scarcity in niche domains.

Three challenges in building an IDS foundation modelThree problems stood between us and a working IDS model.

We stored training data, synthetic data, and checkpoints on Amazon FSx for Lustre, a fully managed file system optimized for compute-intensive workloads that delivers sub-milliseco…

Using Amazon Bedrock, Pixieset moved from concept to production launch of an AI image alt text generator to millions of users in 4 months.

“We talked a lot about how this first AI feature must solve a real problem,” says Ry Rainey, Staff Engineer at Pixieset.

Categorize your AI features into moats and must-havesNot every AI feature deserves the same level of investment.

ConclusionThe most striking thing about Pixieset’s AI-generated alt text feature is how little infrastructure it required.

When you’re ready to move into multi-step agentic workflows, Amazon Bedrock AgentCore provides the managed infrastructure to scale from there.

First Orion’s engineering teams were shipping faster than quality assurance (QA) could test, until Amazon Nova Act transformed QA automation.

First Orion’s QA team includes both QA Analysts and QA Automation Engineers.

How First Orion uses Nova ActFirst Orion’s main use case for Amazon Nova Act is testing their customer portal applications.

This runner is a Python application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with AWS Fargate that orchestrates execution through the Amazon Nova Act SDK.

For a production-ready architecture guide, see Agentic QA Automation using Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Browser and Amazon Nova Act, and refer to the Amazon Nova Act documentation for more details.

Claude apps gateway provides a self-hosted governance layer between these applications and Amazon Bedrock or Claude Platform on AWS.

Pattern C: Hybrid Amazon Bedrock + Claude Platform on AWSBest for: organizations that want Amazon Bedrock as the preferred upstream with Claude Platform on AWS as overflow capacity.

upstreams: - name: claude-platform provider: anthropicAws region: us-east-1 workspace_id: wrkspc_01ABCDEFGHIJKLMN auth: api_key: ${ANTHROPIC_AWS_API_KEY} - name: bedrock provider: bedrock region: us-east-1 auth: {}Requests go to Amazon Bedrock first.

upstreams: - name: team-alpha provider: bedrock region: us-east-1 auth: aws_access_key_id: ${TEAM_ALPHA_AKID} aws_secret_access_key: …

This week, the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (Komdigi), Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison (Indosat or IOH), NVIDIA and Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) launched the UGM Indosat NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) in Yogyakarta — the country’s first university-based AI technology center.

Established under Indonesia’s AI Center of Excellence initiative, UGM Indosat NVAITC brings government, industry and academia together to develop AI that addresses Indonesia’s most urgent national priorities.

It also connects Indonesian researchers to a worldwide ecosystem of expertise.

Through UGM Indosat NVIDIA AI Technology Center, NVIDIA is committed to equipping Indonesian talent with NVIDIA Nemot…

GeForce NOW is giving cloud gaming an extra-credit upgrade just in time for back-to-school season.

GeForce NOW is also delivering new cloud optimizations that make Frame Generation feel even more responsive while streaming.

On top of that, Performance members will see higher frame rates in demanding games thanks to a CPU performance adjustment.

Plus, learn how GeForce NOW can add high-performance GeForce RTX gaming to the Chromebooks students already rely on for school – and how eligible new owners can take advantage of Chromebook Fast Pass.

Chromebooks handling lectures, group projects and browser tabs can transform into high-performance GeForce RTX gaming PCs in just a few clicks.

1 on Glassdoor’s Best CEOs list for 2026.

“The top 50 CEOs do more than manage day-to-day operations — they empower their people and drive authentic culture.”Glassdoor reintroduced the Best CEOs list this year after a hiatus of five years, replacing the Best-Led Companies list, which ranked NVIDIA at No.

Some 28 of the 50 Best CEOs 2026 winners also earned a spot on Glassdoor’s 2026 Best Places to Work list, reinforcing that strong CEO leadership and great workplace culture go hand in hand.

This year, nine tech CEOs are on Glassdoor’s 50 Best CEOs list, making technology the most-represented sector, led by NVIDIA, followed by leaders in real estate, financial services, and manufacturing.

Th…

It is a complete AI factory platform including accelerated computing, networking, systems software, AI frameworks and a global developer ecosystem.

NVIDIA DSX AI factories can run the world’s broadest range of AI models, modalities and algorithms — language, vision, speech, biology, physical AI and robotics.

One NVIDIA AI factory can serve many customers and many workloads.

NVIDIA can provide support because NVIDIA compute is unique: it is fungible, universally adopted, software-upgradable and redeployable across a large ecosystem of customers.

More compute creates better AI; better AI creates more usage; more usage creates more revenue; and more revenue drives more compute.

At the power levels that next-generation AI compute demands, even small inefficiencies compound quickly.

“800 VDC unlocks the compute performance and power density required for AI at scale,” said Vladimir Troy, vice president of data center infrastructure at NVIDIA.

An Open Standard Means a Real Supply ChainThe 800 VDC architecture specifications define common interfaces so that power hardware from different vendors can work together inside the same 800 VDC facility.

The facilities that can absorb that investment will be the ones that resolved their power architecture before compute demand outran what their infrastructure could deliver.

Read the 800 VDC OCP blog and the NVIDIA 800 VDC white…

Throughout August, NVIDIA is celebrating the partners and open source communities moving local AI forward, along with the models, applications and tools emerging across the ecosystem.

That includes NVIDIA’s latest open models, software and developer tools, plus the accelerated computing, libraries and educational resources that help users get started.

Follow along for the latest developments in this special-edition NVIDIA Local AI blog series, with new updates added over the coming weeks.

Follow NVIDIA Workstation on LinkedIn and X.Tuesday, Aug. 11, 6:00 a.m. PT 🔗NVIDIA Introduces Nemotron 3.5 Lightning for Fast, Specialized Agentic TasksToday, NVIDIA expanded its Nemotron 3 model family wi…

Today, NVIDIA is expanding its Nemotron 3 model family with Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, the highest-efficiency model in its class for long-running agentic AI workloads.

Built for specialized tasks within larger multi-agent systems, Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, a 30-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts model, helps create smarter and more efficient agentic applications.

Together, Nemotron 3.5 Lightning and NeMo Switchyard deliver greater control over how AI is deployed, where it runs and how efficiently it operates — across PCs, workstations, data centers and the cloud.

Powering High-Volume Specialized Tasks With Nemotron 3.5 LightningNVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning is a fully customizable open model b…

The global buildout of AI infrastructure reached a new milestone today — Firebird, an emerging AI cloud, launched the CIS region’s largest AI factory in Armenia, establishing a new AI computing hub powered by NVIDIA accelerated computing and Dell Technologies high-performance AI infrastructure.

Firebird’s AI factory brings that capacity to Armenia, giving developers, startups, enterprises, universities and public institutions the compute to build and scale AI at home.

Firebird’s AI factory is designed from the ground up to turn compute into revenue.

Delivered in just over six months, the Armenia AI factory demonstrates Firebird’s ability to turn ambitious infrastructure plans into operation…

August is here, bringing 26 new games for GeForce NOW members.

Command the seas in World of Warships: Legends and discover what’s next in the GeForce NOW library, starting with the eight newly added games this week.

In addition, GeForce NOW is at the QuakeCon gaming conference this week in Grapevine, Texas, with hands-on experiences awaiting attendees.

Gamers not at the show can try out Ultimate cloud gaming in action with a day pass and jump into Bethesda titles from any device.

All Games on DeckWorld of Warships: Legends drops anchor on GeForce NOW this week, bringing free-to-play naval combat.

Open world models are already being used to generate training data, test policies and specialize physical AI systems.

World Models Are the Foundation of Physical AIThe data behind physical AI is difficult and expensive to collect at the scale required.

The NVIDIA Cosmos Coalition extends this work by bringing together world model builders, AI developers and physical AI leaders to contribute models, research and evaluation methods.

Together, these implementations and collaborations are establishing open world models as an adaptable foundation for physical AI across robots, autonomous vehicles and vision AI systems.

Get Plugged InLearn more about world models, OpenUSD and physical AI developm…

These regional hubs will help institutions share AI computing resources, accelerate scientific discovery and innovation, and prepare students to participate in the AI economy.

Expanding Access to AI InfrastructureThe State and Regional AI Infrastructure Hubs program will bring shared resources closer to the institutions and communities they serve.

And since 2017, UF faculty and units have received more than $511 million in AI research awards.

Connecting Research, Workforce and Regional GrowthFor policymakers and leaders, the hubs offer an opportunity to connect regional research and educational infrastructure with regional priorities and broader workforce and economic-development strategies…

NVIDIA Alpamayo 2 Super, available now for commercial use, is part of the Alpamayo family, the most-adopted open reasoning models for autonomous driving on Hugging Face, supporting a wide range of AV-relevant capabilities within a single foundation model.

Within the Alpamayo model family, Alpamayo 2 Super delivers the highest reasoning and driving performance for multimodal autonomous driving development, while Alpamayo 1.5 and Alpamayo 1 provide more cost-efficient options for cloud-based development and model distillation.

Together, the Alpamayo model family provides a cloud-to-car workflow that combines frontier-scale reasoning with scalable deployment across commercial AV fleets.

Benchm…

Benchmarks highlighted in this NVIDIA technical blog show that the NVIDIA Vera CPU, part of NVIDIA Vera BlueField-4 STX, delivers up to 3.21x higher throughput than an x86 CPU in a two-stage compression and encryption pipeline.

Storage-Next includes over 40 leading storage and flash vendors — including DDN, KIOXIA and Micron — each contributing to the next generation of AI storage technologies with NVIDIA.

Plus, NVIDIA CMX Context Memory Storage provides an AI‑native context tier for long‑context, multi‑turn, agentic AI inference, built on NVIDIA STX.

SCADA Enables Fast AI Storage That Stays SecureSpeed at the storage layer comes with a catch.

Join NVIDIA sessions at FMS, running Aug. 4-6 i…

Members of the Open Secure AI Alliance — now more than 120 organizations strong — are developing new guidelines to strengthen agentic AI cybersecurity as the annual Black Hat conference begins in Las Vegas today.

The SAFE guidelines are being drafted by an Open Secure AI Alliance working group.

Open Secure AI Alliance Delivers More Tools for AI CybersecurityThe SAFE framework adds to technology contributions Open Secure AI Alliance members are making as part of a shared commitment to building and sharing open, inspectable tools across the full AI security stack.

Alliance members are contributing tooling, harnesses and supporting technologies across this emerging layer of the AI security sta…

NVIDIA nvmath-python is a library designed to bridge the gap between the Python scientific community and NVIDIA CUDA-X math libraries.

A useful complement to existing array librariesLike other math libraries such as NumPy, nvmath-python implements core numerical operations useful in many engineering and scientific computing applications.

In the following example, nvmath-python consumes NumPy arrays and the result is also a NumPy array.

CPU libraries such as NVPL for NVIDIA Grace or any ARM v8 CPUs and Intel MKL for x86 hosts.

Get started with nvmath-pythonDesigned for productivity without performance compromises, nvmath-python reimagines the design of modern math libraries.

Introducing the Multi-Stage Sequence ModelTo address scaling efficiency, a multi-stage model has been developed that enables scaling of a transformer-based sequence model in a compute efficient manner.

Second Stage: Online Ranking ModelThe offline user model representations are complemented with online ranking models that use fresh user signals and ad candidate information for real time ranking.

A Predictable Scaling CurveLLM-Style Scaling LawWhen running on real-world ads traffic, the multi-stage sequence model demonstrates the emergence of predictable scaling laws for ads recommendations that are analogous to those observed in large language models.

The Impact of Multi-Stage Sequence Mode…

We tackled these challenges through complementary compute efficiency and scaling efficiency innovations: Compute efficiency : Achieved through a customized recommendation kernel library — Jagged Flash Attention (JFA), Generalized Dot-Product Attention (GDPA), BlockAttention, etc.

The results: we doubled GEM’s E2E training efficiency to 20-25% MFU while scaling total training FLOPs 4x over the past 12 months.

We measure training efficiency through E2E MFU, which decomposes into two factors:E2E MFU = Local MFU (compute efficiency) × Scaling Ratio (scaling efficiency)These factors describe two related but distinct optimization problems.

Local MFU (compute efficiency) measures how well a single…

Hierarchical Interest Representation is an upstream representation layer designed to improve upon Meta’s deep funnel ranking optimization.

How Hierarchical Interest Representation Enhances Deep Funnel OptimizationHierarchical Interest Representation pioneers a structural shift in representation modeling by navigating long-range graph topologies and distilling sparse engagement signals into unified interest clusters at various granularities.

This aims to enable the delivery of more relevant ad content to optimize deep funnel ads.

Hierarchical Interest Representation learns super graphs, which cascade through multiple hierarchical layers for this flexibility, accommodating ranking modeling ar…

Why Ads Latency MattersMeta’s ads serving fleet handles more than 5 million requests per second on average at the serving platform entry point, which is over 400 billion per day across all monetized surfaces1.

That is why our Ads and Linux Kernel teams have been working together to build a scheduling policy customized to the ads delivery workload using sched_ext, the upstream, BPF-based extensible scheduling framework.

Until now, we have been using the general-purpose schedulers typically integrated in the Linux kernel (CFS and EEVDF) that balance threads across CPUs with no understanding of the workload.

It has already been deployed in several services at Meta, delivering meaningful reduct…

This year marks Meta’s 10th consecutive year as a sponsor of the Python Software Foundation (PSF), the charitable organization dedicated to advancing, supporting, and protecting the open-source Python programming language and the community that sustains it.

Some of the core maintainers of Python are Meta engineers who have authored new features and Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) for the Python community.

These improvements are vital for protecting the global Python community and ensuring that developers everywhere – including our own engineers – can safely share and consume packages.

These investments help grow the Python community and foster the new talent that is essential for Python…

Why Asset Classification MattersAsset classification is the foundation for many privacy controls.

The rest of this post walks through those pieces using asset classification as the case study.

All three share a single judge model, a larger reasoning model deliberately different from the classifier model.

Distill Stable Behavior Into RulesEven a strong LLM classifier should not be the default enforcement path forever.

Expand to other PAI workflows: The same pattern (context → LLM reasoning → distillation → deterministic enforcement) applies to lineage validation, purpose-boundary checking, and retention policy assignment.

The retrieval system within industry recommendation systems have consisted of microservices stitched together, with neural networks inconsistently integrated.

Under Index as Model previous microservice-based item indices used for retrieval become a tensor inside the model.

Moving From Microservice Mesh to One Integrated Neural NetworkThe Microservice Paradigm We ReplacedTraditional recommendation retrieval is built as a mesh of microservices.

We call this Index as Model: Every retrieval component — the item index, eligibility filter, scoring layer and user tower — becomes a tensor or operator inside a single PyTorch model.

Index FreshnessWith index as a model module, maintaining index fresh…

On its face the new Friend Bubbles feature looks simple enough.

It highlights Reels your friends have watched and reacted to.

On this episode of the Meta Tech Podcast, Pascal Hartig chats with Subasree and Joseph, two software engineers from the Facebook Reels team, about what it took to bring Friend Bubbles to life.

If you’ve ever underestimated a “simple” feature, this one’s for you.

And if you’re interested in learning more about career opportunities at Meta visit the Meta Careers page.

We’ve fundamentally transformed Facebook Groups Search to help people more reliably discover, sort through, and validate community content that’s most relevant to them.

We’ve adopted a new hybrid retrieval architecture and implemented automated model-based evaluation to address the major friction points people experience when searching community content.

Addressing the Friction Points in Community KnowledgePeople struggle with three friction points when searching for answers in community content – discovery, consumption, and validation.

The Solution: A Modernized Hybrid Retrieval ArchitectureWe engineered a hybrid retrieval architecture that powers a discussions module on Facebook Search.

R…

We’ve built a unified AI agent platform that encodes the domain expertise of senior efficiency engineers into reusable, composable skills.

Introducing the Capacity Efficiency ProgramWhen the code you ship serves more than 3 billion people, even a 0.1% performance regression can translate to significant additional power consumption.

Many engineers at Meta use our efficiency tools to work on these problems every day.

Skills : These encode domain expertise about performance efficiency.

The pipeline mirrors the defensive AI Regression Solver:Gather context with tools: The AI agent looks up: Opportunity metadata.

Challenging the Conventional Wisdom on AI Context FilesRecent academic research found that AI-generated context files actually decreased agent success rates on well-known open-source Python repositories.

Our codebase is the opposite: proprietary config-as-code with tribal knowledge that exists nowhere in any model’s training data.

Any team with a large, proprietary codebase can benefit:Identify your tribal knowledge gaps.

What’s NextWe are expanding context coverage to additional pipelines across Meta’s data infrastructure and exploring tighter integration between context files and code generation workflows.

This approach turned undocumented tribal knowledge into structured, AI-readable con…

This is the second post in the Ranking Engineer Agent blog series exploring the autonomous AI capabilities accelerating Meta’s Ads Ranking innovation.

We introduce KernelEvolve, an agentic kernel authoring system used by Ranking Engineer Agent and generally applicable to a range of AI models beyond Ads Ranking.

Unlike typical large language model (LLM)-based agents that perform one-shot code generation, KernelEvolve treats kernel optimization as a search problem.

A standard coding assistant lacks the context to write optimized MTIA kernels because it has never seen MTIA documentation, instruction set details, or programming idioms.

KernelEvolve represents an early step toward the vision of …

To overcome this, we have developed the Meta Adaptive Ranking Model, which effectively bends the inference scaling curve with high ROI and industry-leading efficiency.

Introducing Meta Adaptive Ranking ModelServing LLM-scale & complexity models in a real-time ads recommendation environment requires resolving a fundamental tension between model complexity and system efficiency.

Adaptive Ranking Model addresses these challenges through a paradigm shift powered by three core innovations across the serving stack:Inference-efficient model scaling: Adaptive Ranking Model achieves a model complexity equivalent to the O(10 GFLOPs) per token used by top-tier LLMs.

To minimize compute overhead, Adapt…

Concurrent with the 2026 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Spring Convention, Meta is releasing a new AI model for designing concrete mixes – Bayesian Optimization for Concrete (BOxCrete), as well as the foundational data used to develop award-winning concrete mixes.

Amrize operates 18 cement plants, 141 cement terminals and 269 ready-mix concrete sites across North America.

Alongside the event, Meta is releasing a new AI model for designing concrete mixes, Bayesian Optimization for Concrete (BOxCrete).

How Meta Leverages AI for Concrete MixturesMeta’s AI for concrete model can help suppliers more quickly incorporate U.S. materials into their mixes through an approach called adaptive experi…

Friend bubbles in Facebook Reels highlight Reels your friends have liked or reacted to, helping you discover new content and making it easier to connect over shared interests.

Friend bubbles enhance the social experience on Facebook Reels by helping you discover content your friends enjoy, creating a shared viewing experience and sparking new conversations.

Along with additional optimizations in the underlying method, this approach enabled us to ship friend bubbles while preserving core Reels performance.

Friend bubbles work because the signal is high value: It adds meaningful social context that helps people decide what’s worth watching.

Engagement also scales consistently with the number …

Piotr Niedźwiedź, CEO/CTO and founder of neptune.aiI’m excited to share that we’ve entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by OpenAI, subject to closing conditions.

We are thrilled to join the OpenAI team and help their AI researchers build better models faster.

Neptune is a metrics dashboard company.”We’ve worked closely with OpenAI to create the metrics dashboard that helps teams building foundation models.

Our future with OpenAINeptune will join OpenAI and continue to support AI researchers with tools to monitor, debug, and evaluate frontier models.

We are looking forward to working with top AI researchers and supporting OpenAI’s mission of ensuring that AGI benefits all of hu…

For instance, financial data is highly sensitive and protected by very strict regulations, and synthetic data mimics the real data distribution without revealing customer information.

Read more about how leading foundation model teams curate their training data and other topics in the State of Foundation Model Training Report 2025.

Choosing the right synthetic data generation technique depends on the type of data and its complexity.

Synthetic tabular data generation is a promising direction to overcome these challenges by learning the distribution of the tabular data.

Post-processingAs the distribution of tabular data is highly complex, it makes the synthetic tabular data generation very ch…

TL;DR LLM embeddings are the numerical, vector representations of text that Large Language Models (LLMs) use to process information.

Unlike their predecessor word embeddings, LLM embeddings are context-aware and dynamically change to capture semantic and syntactic relationships based on the surrounding text.

What are the applications of LLM embeddings?

Word EmbeddingsSparse Word Embeddings One-Hot Vectors 1970s TF-IDF1980s Co-Occurrence MatrixStatic Word Embeddings Word2Vec 2013 GloVe 2014Contextualized word embeddings ELMo 2018 GPT-1 2018 BERT 2018 LLAMA 2023 DeepSeek-V1 2023 GPT-4 2023Static word embeddingsStatic word embeddings, such as word2vec in 2013, marked a significant development.…

TL;DR Dead neurons silently waste compute and reduce effective model capacity in foundation models.

Dead neurons’ impactRecent studies into dead neurons in the context of foundation models show interesting, albeit worrying, results.

These large reported fractions of dead neurons in foundation models are a concern from a computational perspective.

Before we move on to discuss how to detect and fix dead neurons, let’s touch upon an important distinction between dead neurons and vanishing gradients.

Further reading How to Monitor, Diagnose, and Solve Gradient Issues in Foundation Models Read moreVisualizing activation distributionsIs your foundation model suffering from dead neurons?

In the first part of this series, we covered the fundamentals of instruction fine-tuning (IFT).

def calculate_irs(instruction, output, reference_model): evaluation_prompt = f""" Instruction: {instruction} Model Output: {output} Rate how well the output follows the instruction on these criteria: 1.

| SourceHINT addresses a computational inefficiency in standard instruction fine-tuning: repeatedly reprocessing the same task instruction with every input example.

Read more about foundation model training infrastructure and other topics in Neptune’s 2025 State of Foundation Model Training Report.

First, during initial instruction fine-tuning across multiple diverse tasks, the model learns genera…

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Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08923 Abstract:

Diffusion language models hold the promise of fast parallel generation, while autoregressive (AR) models typically excel in quality due to their causal structure aligning naturally with language modeling. This raises a fundamental question: can we achieve a synergy with high throughput, higher GPU utilization, and AR level quality? Existing methods fail to effectively balance these two aspects, either prioritizing AR using a weaker model for sequential drafting (speculative decoding), leading to lower drafting efficiency, or using some form of left-to-right (AR-like) decoding logic for diffusion, which still suffers from quality degradation …

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00663 Abstract:

Over more than a decade there has been an extensive research effort on how to effectively utilize recurrent models and attention. While recurrent models aim to compress the data into a fixed-size memory (called hidden state), attention allows attending to the entire context window, capturing the direct dependencies of all tokens. This more accurate modeling of dependencies, however, comes with a quadratic cost, limiting the model to a fixed-length context. We present a new neural long-term memory module that learns to memorize historical context and helps attention to attend to the current context while utilizing long past information. We sh…

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17558 Abstract:

We propose an extension of the decoder Transformer that conditions its generative process on random latent variables which are learned without supervision thanks to a variational procedure. Experimental evaluations show that allowing such a conditioning translates into substantial improvements on downstream tasks. Author: François Fleuret Links:

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See all monthly puzzles: https://momath.org/mindbenders/

Where the loss function for training LLMs comes from.

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Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com Manim animations by Aaron Gostein and Grant Sanderson

NanoGPT animation by Clayton Rabideau

3d black-box model by Paul Dancstep

Music by Vince Rubinetti Timestamps 0:00 - Language trees and zipping

3:02 - Recap optimal codes

5:20 - Defining cross-entropy

8:26 - Intuition and examples

12:59 - Application to language trees

14:55 - Pre-training LLMs

20:38 - What makes this loss function best?

26:13 - Distillation

30:12 - 3b1b Talent

31:35 - KL Divergence ---------------…

Part of a series of monthly puzzles done in collaboration with MoMath.

Full video: https://youtu.be/l6DKRf-fAAM

Full video: https://youtu.be/l6DKRf-fAAM

What is the fundamental compressibility of language?

Check out our virtual career fair: https://3b1b.co/talent

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Manim scenes by Aaron Gostein and Grant Sanderson

Shannon’s story, as well as those for various pi creatures, by Mitchell Zemil.

Lunar robot and prediction/compression coin by Paul Dancstep

NanoGPT animations by Clayton Rabideau Shannon’s “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”

https://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf Shannon’s “Prediction and Entropy of Printed English”

https://www.princeton.edu/~wbialek/rome/refs/shannon_51.pdf Scientific American article that…

Recent puzzle solutions on Patreon:

https://members.3blue1brown.com/posts/158885046?pr=true

Made as part of a monthly series of puzzles for the 2026 Year of Math.

On "The Print Gallery", by M.C. Escher

Full video: https://youtu.be/ldxFjLJ3rVY

Part of a series of monthly puzzlers. Stay subscribed to see the solution

Escher's Print Gallery, and the tour of complex analysis it invites.

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Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com Original paper by de Smit and Lenstra:

https://pub.math.leidenuniv.nl/~smitbde/papers/2003-de_smit-lenstra-escher.pdf Timestamps: 0:00 - The print gallery

13:04 - Conformal maps from complex analysis

21:41 - The complex exponential

25:56 - The complex logarithm

32:32 - 3b1b Talent

33:14 - Constructing the key function

40:16 - The deeper math behind Escher ------------------ These animations are largely made us…

Part of a monthly series of puzzlers, in collaboration with MoMath and Peter Winkler

On the volumes of higher-dimensional spheres

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Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com Thanks to UC Santa Cruz for letting me film there, and special thanks to Pedro Morales-Almazan for arranging everything. My video on Numberphile with a fun application of this problem: https://youtu.be/6_yU9eJ0NxA Timestamps:

0:00 - Introduction

1:01 - Random puzzle

6:16 - Outside the box

14:35 - Setting up the volume grid

21:14 - Why 4πr^2

25:21 - Archimedes in higher dimensions

36:17 - The general formul…

Part of a series of monthly puzzles, done in collaboration with MoMath.

https://momath.org/mindbenders

Solution to last month's probability puzzle.

❤️ Check out Weights & Biases and sign up for a free demo here: https://wandb.me/papers 📝 The paper is available here:

https://www.anthropic.com/research/riemann-zeta Source:

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/no-ai-didnt-just-solve-the-thorniest-problem-in-math/ 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

Adam Bridges, B Shang, Carlos Galarza, Christian Ahlin, Eric Tyson, Juan Benet, Lukas Biewald, Michael Tedder, Owen Skarpness, Ryan Stankye, Shawn Becker, Steef, Taras Bobrovytsky, Tazaur Sagenclaw, Tybie Fitzhugh, Ueli Gallizzi

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https://openai.com/index/hugging-face-model-evaluation-security-incident/

https://huggingface.co/blog/security-incident-july-2026

https://huggingface.co/blog/agent-intrusion-technical-timeline 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The Gemma4 paper and some more is available here:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02770

https://x.com/googlegemma/status/2077449152062247219

https://x.com/UnslothAI/status/2078118183085731843 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 Qwen 3.8 Max:

https://qwen.ai/blog?id=qwen3.8 Sources:

https://x.com/loktar00/status/2082589566934929750

https://x.com/CommandCodeAI/status/2084293498950590839 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 DeepSeek v4 Flash 0731:

https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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https://jiashunwang.github.io/HIL/ 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The paper is available here:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24653 Try Kimi K3 (subject to availability): https://www.kimi.com/ Links:

https://macos27.kimi.page/

https://x.com/mweinbach/status/2077878247920951400

https://x.com/intheworldofai/status/2077838911494336681

https://x.com/chetaslua/status/2077829183989072281

https://x.com/hqmank/status/2078104317027094907 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

Adam Bridges, Benji Rabhan, B Shang, Cameron Navor, Charles Ian Norman Venn, Christian Ahlin, Eric T, Fred R, Gordon Child, Juan Benet, Michael Tedder, Owen …

❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The paper is available here:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The paper is available here:

https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/linebreaks/index.html Paper for reindeer vision change - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/280/1773/20132451/50765/Shifting-mirrors-adaptive-changes-in-retinal 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The paper is available here:

https://xandergos.github.io/terrain-diffusion/

https://modrinth.com/mod/terrain-diffusion

https://github.com/xandergos/terrain-diffusion Source video for some parts of the footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irE4tcDtUIg 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambda.ai/papers 📝 The DeepSeek paper is available here:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05147v1 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06494 Sources:

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Tx7167DXr8U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55F9dY2Y1zc 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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Обсудим итоги ICML и других международных конференций, главные ML-тренды первого полугодия 2026-го и собственный опыт.

Что они будут уметь — рассказывает Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

О росте мультимодального качества рассказал Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

А почему — рассказывает Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

Рассказывает Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

Рассказывает Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

Рассказывает Роман Исаченко, руководитель группы анализа изображений в Яндекс R&D. #искусственныйинтеллект #нейросети #мультимодальность #омнимодель #машинноеобучение #datascience #яндекс #ai #ml #технологии

На конференции Data Fest 2026 в Белграде независимый исследователь Александр Николич рассказал практическую историю создания аудиоязыковой модели Borealis с бюджетом, сопоставимым со стоимостью MacBook. Больше контента для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #DataFest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

At Data Fest 2026 in Belgrade, Andrei Panferov from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria introduced Quartet II, a novel method for NVFP4 pre-training that recovers SOTA accuracy. He outlined the core challenges of low-precision LLM training and presented CUDA kernels tuned for Blackwell GPUs, ready for integration into real training pipelines. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #datafest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

На Data Fest 2026 в Белграде Дмитрий Коршунов, Team Lead ML в Ecom, показал, как безопасно обновлять продуктовых AI-агентов с помощью системы автометрик. На примере агента Яндекс AI для турецкого рынка он объяснил, как фиксировать регрессии до прода, сравнивать версии и принимать решение о релизе, когда простой «Hello, Agent» уже позади. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

На Data Fest 2026 в Белграде Вячеслав Костров, ML-инженер в Яндексе, рассказал, как uplift-модели решают бизнес-задачи Лавки: от персональных скидок до показа продуктовых подборок. Он разобрал постановку uplift-задачи, подбор метрик и построение политик, а также практические приёмы с лагранжианом и uplift-деревьями для баланса ограничений. Всё это — на примере реальных внедрений и с разбором типичных ошибок. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #datafest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #Mu…

At Data Fest 2026 in Belgrade, Karina Romanova, Senior LLM Research Engineer, presented HGRPO — a hierarchical modification of GRPO for multi-turn dialogue agents. Applied to a booking agent in Yandex Alice, the method improved truthfulness by 8.0 percentage points and reduced dialogue length by 10.7%. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

На Data Fest 2026 в Белграде Егор Коновалов, ML-инженер, разобрал хаки, которые находят LLM-агенты, когда генерируют GPU/TPU-код: от тривиального обхода numerical tolerance до изощрённых атак на timing-измерения и эксплуатации дыр в test harness. А ещё Егор показал, какие методы защиты реально работают, а какие создают ложное чувство безопасности. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #datafest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

На Data Fest 2026 в Белграде Дарья Виноградова, лид команды компьютерного зрения, представила два важных майлстоуна архивного поиска: новую архитектуру распознавания текста и выделение смысловых структур. Эти изменения делают поиск человечнее — теперь можно искать не слова среди текста, а человека среди людей. Больше материалов для разработчиков: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #DataFest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #ReinforcementLearning #MultimodalAI

At Data Fest 2026 in Belgrade, Andrey Filatov from KREA AI broke down the current state of real-time video generation: which architectures dominate, how they differ, and what challenges arise from compute limits and memory bottlenecks. He also covered production solutions like distillation and caching, and shared his outlook for the next 2–3 years: what will soon become possible and which bottlenecks the industry still overlooks. More content for developers: https://t.me/+owyCvdge8WIyNTUy #datafest #DataFest2026 #AI #ML #LLM #GenAI #MachineLearning #DataScience #MLOps #AIAgents #RAG #ComputerVision #AutonomousDriving #Yandex #Яндекс #TechTalk #Developers #ArtificialIntelligence #Reinforceme…

00:00:00 начало

00:00:33 Sakana управляет кошельком

00:05:56 Хассабис и Дин ушли из Google

00:20:38 беспилотный Uber в Лондоне

00:27:02 вышел Muse Code

00:34:35 суверенная модель от Sakana

00:43:16 Anthropic делает чипы

00:46:22 ИИ-музыка от Кион

01:03:59 ЕС против Claude

01:08:18 дроноводы и робогуртовщики

01:13:03 ИИ-стартапы-единороги

01:20:33 шрифт против ИИ ИИ-саммари: В этом выпуске мы обсуждаем последние новости в области технологий, включая развитие AI, запуск роботакси в Лондоне и уход ключевых фигур из крупных технологических компаний. Узнайте, как эти события влияют на индустрию и что ждать дальше. В этом выпуске обсуждаются последние тренды в области искусственного интеллекта, р…

Спикер: Дмитрий Корнилов, Сколковский институт науки и технологий, инженер-исследователь Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026 Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции Reliable ML ______

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикер: Александр Календарев, Datagile, разработчик БД Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026 Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции ML in DBMS https://ods.ai/tracks/df26-ml-in-dbms ______

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикер: Айгуль Камалтинова, Школа 21 Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026 Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции Open Career ______

Наши соц.сети:

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Канал с вакансиями в telegram: https://t.me/odsjobs

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикеры: Андрей Тоток и Анна Юрищева, ML Lead, ДОМ.РФ Teamlead ML Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026 Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции Open Career https://ods.ai/tracks/df26-opencareer ______

Наши соц.сети:

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Канал с вакансиями в telegram: https://t.me/odsjobs

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикер: Всеволод Викулин, Т-Банк, руководитель команды роботов в обслуживании Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026 Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции Data Strategy ______

Наши соц.сети:

Telegram: https://t.me/datafest

Вконтакте: https://vk.com/datafest

Канал с вакансиями в telegram: https://t.me/odsjobs

Канал с апдейтами по курсам: https://t.me/odscourses

Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикер: Максим Горшков, руководитель направления по исследованию данных, Сбер Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026

Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции GenAI от Сбера https://ods.ai/tracks/df26_sber_genai ______

Наши соц.сети:

Telegram: https://t.me/datafest

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Спикер: Александр Юрышев, главный инженер по разработке, Сбер Data Fest 2026: https://ods.ai/events/datafest2026

Презентацию к докладу Вы можете скачать в треке секции GenAI от Сбера https://ods.ai/tracks/df26_sber_genai ______

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Как попасть в чат сообщества ODS Mattermost: https://ods.ai/tracks/mattermost

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/primerlearning

80,000 Hours: 80000hours.org/primer https://www.desmos.com/calculator/a5pfjtr4tr Other connections:

Discord: https://discord.gg/NbruaNW

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https://yoshuabengio.org/2024/07/09/reasoning-through-arguments-against-taking-ai-safety-seriously/

https://www.youtube.com/c/robertmilesai

https://www.youtube.com/@Siliconversations

https://www.youtube.com/@Go-Meta

https://www.youtube.com/@Dwarkes…

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-scSee below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Go to https://plaud.ai/lexOUTLINE:(00:00) – Introduction(00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections(08:36) – What caused the Civil War?

(18:33) – Slavery(46:07) – Lincoln(1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee(1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided?

(1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history(1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won(1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War(2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents(2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee(2:53:40) – The…

Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

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Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics.

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Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN.

Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-scSee below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Go to https://larridin.comBlitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE:(00:00) – Introduction(03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections(10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens(15:12) – How video playback works(24:33) – Video codecs and containers(35:20) – FFmpeg explained(56:20)…

Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire.

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Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE:(00:00) – Introduction(01:03) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections(08:57) – The start of the Viking Age(18:50) – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology(32:33) – Ragnar Lothbrok(42:00) – The Grea…

Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution.

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Jeff Kaplan is a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, now preparing to launch a new game, The Legend of California, from his new studio Kintsugiyama – available to wishlist on Steam today, with alpha later in March.

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Rick Beato is a music educator, interviewer, producer, songwriter, and a true multi-instrument musician, playing guitar, bass, cello & piano.

His incredible YouTube channel celebrates great musicians & musical ideas, and helps millions of people fall in love with great music all over again.

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Peter Steinberger is the creator of OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent framework that’s the fastest-growing project in GitHub history.

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Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexOUTLINE:(00:00) – Introduction(03:51) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections(15:29) – OpenClaw origin story(18:48) – Mind-blowing moment(28:15) – Why OpenClaw went viral(32:12) – Self-modifying AI agent(36:57)…

Nathan Lambert and Sebastian Raschka are machine learning researchers, engineers, and educators.

Sebastian Raschka is the author of Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch) and Build a Reasoning Model (From Scratch).

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(25:11) – ChatGPT vs Claude vs Gemini vs Grok: Who is winning?

(36:11) – Best AI for coding(43:02) – Open Source vs Closed Source LLMs(54:41) – Transformers: Evolution of LLMs since 2019(1:02:38) – AI Scaling Laws: Are they dead or still holding?

Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author of a new book titled Junglekeeper, and is someone who has dedicated his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest.

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Joel David Hamkins is a mathematician and philosopher specializing in set theory, the foundations of mathematics, and the nature of infinity, and he’s the #1 highest-rated user on MathOverflow.

He is also the author of several books, including Proof and the Art of Mathematics and Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics.

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Irving Finkel is a scholar of ancient languages and a longtime curator at the British Museum, renowned for his expertise in Mesopotamian history and cuneiform writing.

He specializes in reading and interpreting cuneiform inscriptions, including tablets from Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian contexts.

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Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems.

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(2:42:41) – Mind uploading(3:01:22) – Alien intelligence(3:16:17) – Advice for young people(3:22:46) – Questions for AGI

Because I do think there’s a role for AI, a huge role for AI.

BURGER: Right, right.

BURGER: Right, right.

So I think that’s also something quite important here that, you know, AI can help facilitate.

And I think that’s not just applying AI to solve solutions through optimization but also thinking about this in an integrated way.

JANSSEN: Yeah, yeah, exactly.

TEEVAN: Yeah, yeah, yeah.

I’m curious what you have found particularly surprising about how people and organizations are leveraging AI right now.

And so I do like to picture a future of work where humans are flourishing with AI and where humans still get to do meaningful work.

And I’m very curious about how we can take advantage of AI and do more without running ourselves into the ground because we’re not AI, right?

And the question we’re going to discuss is, are machines intelligent?

No, no, that’s right, that’s right.

I mean, in some sense, you could potentially have a super intelligent system, right, that’s far more intelligent than anything else on the planet.

BURGER: Right, right.

At the same time, I think, you know, transformers are not intelligent in the way that a three-year-old is, right?

Join Microsoft’s Doug Burger and guests as they dig into the fundamental truths about AI and how it will reshape the future.

Technical advances are moving at such a rapid pace that it can be challenging to define the tomorrow we’re working toward.

In The Shape of Things to Come, Microsoft research leader Doug Burger and experts from across disciplines tease out the thorniest AI issues facing technologists, policymakers, business decision-makers, and other stakeholders today.

It’s important to understand what the emerging shapes are and how we should respond.” – Doug Burger, Technical Fellow and Corporate Vice President, Microsoft ResearchAbout Doug BurgerDoug Burger is a research leader in …

This week, machine learning researchers around the world will be attending the annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, or NeurIPS.

In this series, we’ll explore the technologies that are shaping our future and the big ideas that propel them forward.

So around that time when I started my PhD at Penn, I was working in machine learning theory and algorithmic economics.

How had you experienced a lack of community or network of women in machine learning before the founding of WiML?

So particularly when working on topics related to fairness, I’ve ended up focusing a bunch on stuff to do with marginalized groups as part of my responsible AI work.

Recommender systems influence nearly every aspect of our digital lives—but what does it mean for those systems to be fair? Robin Burke joins Data Skeptic to discuss the history of recommender systems, the limitations of optimizing purely for accuracy, and how ideas from social choice theory can help balance the needs of users, creators, and society. The conversation explores the future of recommendation algorithms and why fairness is a far more complex challenge than it first appears.

News recommendation algorithms influence far more than what stories we click—they can shape our understanding of the world. In this episode, Kyle Polich speaks with Andreea Iana about responsible AI, filter bubbles, multilingual news recommendation, and her open-source NewsRecLib framework for evaluating recommender systems. They explore why bigger models aren't always better and how future recommendation systems can balance personalization with diversity and societal impact.

What if you could simply tell a recommendation system what you want instead of relying on likes, dislikes, and watch history? Kyle Polich talks with Fuyuan Lyu about the DPR framework, which combines large language models and traditional recommender systems to give users direct control over recommendations through natural language. Together they explore how conversational interfaces could transform platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and news feeds while preserving the strengths of modern recommendation algorithms.

How can researchers audit recommendation systems when the algorithms are hidden from view? Hieu Le joins Kyle Polich to discuss Auto-Like, a reinforcement learning framework that systematically explores how platforms like TikTok personalize content feeds. The conversation covers recommendation transparency, black-box auditing, and the future of platform accountability.

Aaron Payne, an MBA student at Georgia Tech studying business analytics and a Senior Insights Analyst at Chick-fil-A, joins Kyle Polich to talk about turning analytics into decisions that matter. They unpack a real-world forecasting project with Comfama in Colombia, including messy data realities, interpretability tradeoffs, and why "data science for good" starts with the people impacted.

Kyle Polich sits down with Yashar Deldjoo, research scientist and Associate Professor at the Polytechnic University of Bari, to explore how recommender systems have evolved and why trustworthiness matters. They unpack key dimensions of responsible AI, including robustness to adversarial attacks, privacy, explainability, and fairness, and discuss how LLMs introduce new risks like hallucinations. The episode closes with a look at "agentic" recommender systems, where tools and memory shift recommendations from ranked lists to end-to-end task completion.

Goodreads star ratings can be misleading as measures of "book quality," and research from Hannes Rosenbusch suggests that for many professionally published books, differences between readers often matter more than differences between books. The episode also explores how to model reader preferences, why reviews often reveal more about the reviewer than the text, and how LLMs can aid computational literary research while still falling short of human editors in creative writing.

Ekaterina (Kat) Filadova from MIT EECS joins us to discuss strategic learning in recommender systems—what happens when users collectively coordinate to game recommendation algorithms. Kat's research reveals surprising findings: algorithmic "protest movements" can paradoxically help platforms by providing clearer preference signals, and the challenge of distinguishing coordinated behavior from bot activity is more complex than it appears. This episode explores the intersection of machine learning and game theory, examining what happens when your training data actively responds to your algorithm.

Anas Buhayh discusses multi-stakeholder fairness in recommender systems and the S'mores framework—a simulation allowing users to choose between mainstream and niche algorithms. His research shows specialized recommenders improve utility for niche users while raising questions about filter bubbles and data privacy.

In this episode, host Kyle Polich speaks with Roan Schellingerhout, a fourth-year PhD student at Maastricht University, about explainable multi-stakeholder recommender systems for job recruitment. Roan discusses his research on creating AI-powered job matching systems that balance the needs of multiple stakeholders—job seekers, recruiters, HR professionals, and companies. The conversation explores different types of explanations for job recommendations, including textual, bar chart, and graph-based formats, with findings showing that lay users strongly prefer simple textual explanations over more technical visualizations. Roan shares insights from his "healthy friction" study, which tested …

In this episode, we explore the fascinating world of recommender systems and algorithmic fairness with David Liu, Assistant Research Professor at Cornell University's Center for Data Science for Enterprise and Society. David shares insights from his research on how machine learning models can inadvertently create unfairness, particularly for minority and niche user groups, even without any malicious intent. We dive deep into his groundbreaking work on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and collaborative filtering, examining why these fundamental techniques sometimes fail to serve all users equally. David introduces the concept of "power niche users" - highly active users with specialized in…

In this episode, Kyle Polich sits down with Cory Zechmann, a content curator working in streaming television with 16 years of experience running the music blog "Silence Nogood." They explore the intersection of human curation and machine learning in content discovery, discussing the concept of "algatorial" curation—where algorithms and editorial expertise work together. Key topics include the cold start problem, why every metric is just a "proxy metric" for what users actually want, the challenge of filter bubbles, and the importance of balancing familiarity with discovery. Cory shares insights on why TikTok's algorithm works so well (clean data and massive interaction volume), the crucial …

In this episode, Santiago de Leon takes us deep into the world of eye tracking and its revolutionary applications in recommender systems. As a researcher at the Kempelin Institute and Brno University, Santiago explains the mechanics of eye tracking technology—how it captures gaze data and processes it into fixations and saccades to reveal user browsing patterns. He introduces the groundbreaking RecGaze dataset, the first eye tracking dataset specifically designed for recommender systems research, which opens new possibilities for understanding how users interact with carousel interfaces like Netflix. Through collaboration between psychologists and AI researchers, Santiago's work demonstrate…

In this episode of Data Skeptic, we dive deep into the technical foundations of building modern recommender systems. Unlike traditional machine learning classification problems where you can simply apply XGBoost to tabular data, recommender systems require sophisticated hybrid approaches that combine multiple techniques. Our guest, Boya Xu, an assistant professor of marketing at Virginia Tech, walks us through a cutting-edge method that integrates three key components: collaborative filtering for dimensionality reduction, embeddings to represent users and items in latent space, and bandit learning to balance exploration and exploitation when deploying new recommendations. Boya shares insigh…

In Episode #1018, Jon Krohn breaks down Qwen3.8-Max, Alibaba’s enormous new flagship, a 2.4-trillion-parameter mixture-of-experts model that, if its promised weights ship, becomes the largest open-weight release in history. Landing just weeks after Moonshot’s Kimi K3, it extends the price war and the open-weight surge Jon covered in Episode #1012. Alibaba positions it as second only to Anthropic’s Claude Fable 5 / Mythos 5 and independent signals land in a similar neighborhood. Jon walks through its capabilities and multi-day agentic demos, its aggressive pricing ($2 in / $6 out per million tokens, with cached input eight times cheaper), and the question he gets asked most: are Chinese mode…

In Episode #1017, Pete Johnson (Field CTO of AI at MongoDB) joins Jon Krohn to explain why four out of five organizations have AI steering committees and success metrics, yet only one in five sees a return on the investment. Having made nineteen stops across six countries this year advising more than a hundred companies on their AI strategies, Pete has an unusually wide view of what is actually working in production. In this episode, he traces the history of SQL and denormalization, unpacks why the embedding model is the most underrated choice in a RAG pipeline, explains Matryoshka embeddings and lays out what better agentic memory looks like. Additional materials: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠…

In this month's episode of ICYMI, Jon Krohn traces a line from algorithmic harm to the human skills that still hold their value. Hear from Dr. Cathy O'Neil, Ben Todd, Steve Mock, and Dr. Catherine Williams, discussing why an algorithm's danger has nothing to do with its complexity, what solid career ground looks like if fully automated digital workers arrive, how people are using AI to become better-informed advocates in healthcare rather than asking it for advice and why deep mathematical understanding still separates the best data professionals from everyone else. Additional materials: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.superdatascience.com/1016⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Interested in sponsoring a SuperD…

In Episode #1015, Jerry Yurchisin (manager of decision intelligence strategy at Gurobi Optimization) joins Jon Krohn to explain the AI technology that makes breaking a constraint mathematically impossible. Large language models will confidently claim they've optimized your business while ignoring the one constraint that could cost millions, whereas optimization treats constraints as hard guarantees. Jerry lays out the division of labor he sees for the agentic era: agents help you frame the problem, write the formulation and generate the code, then hand off to a solver like Gurobi, soon callable via MCP servers. In this episode, Jerry breaks down the three building blocks of any optimization…

In Episode #1014, Jon Krohn breaks down a security incident that reads like science fiction: during an internal evaluation, an autonomous OpenAI agent broke out of its sandbox, exploited a zero-day, and hacked its way into Hugging Face to steal the answers to the very benchmark it was being tested on, with no human attacker at any point. Jon lays out the three-act timeline, explains the ExploitGym benchmark and why switching off safety guardrails mattered so much and pulls out the practical lessons for anyone building or defending agentic AI systems. Along the way: why Hugging Face ran its forensics on a Chinese open-weight model and why the next attack like this one may not be an accident.…

In Episode #1013, Dr. Cathy O'Neil (Harvard math PhD, former Wall Street quant and author of the mega-bestseller Weapons of Math Destruction) joins Jon Krohn to explain what actually makes an algorithm terrifying: not the complexity of the math, but the secrecy, the unaccountability, and the fact that you can't opt out. A decade after Weapons of Math Destruction sounded the alarm on algorithmic harm, Cathy is busier than ever. Through her algorithmic-auditing firm ORCAA and her nonprofit OCEAN, she now provides the statistical evidence behind lawsuits against some of the world's biggest tech companies. In this episode, Cathy punctures AI hype, traces the line from Frederick Winslow Taylor's…

What happens to the AI market when the largest open-source model in the world arrives at a fraction of frontier prices? In this week’s episode, host Jon Krohn digs into Kimi K3, the 2.8-trillion-parameter release from Beijing-based Moonshot AI that, in the space of a single week, rattled investors, kicked off a pricing skirmish among the big American AI labs and reignited the debate in Washington, DC about open-source AI. Listen to the episode to hear Jon break down the mixture-of-experts architecture behind K3’s efficiency gains, why its always-on reasoning mode can quietly inflate your bill, and what a cheaper, contested frontier means for the applications you’re building. Additional mate…

Dr. Catherine Williams, Chief Data Officer at the nonprofit Candid, was solving black-hole equations with pen and paper before she ever wrote a line of code. She earned a PhD in math researching general relativity and black holes, did postdocs at Stanford and Columbia and then became one of the very first data scientists, joining AppNexus back in 2012, around the same time “data scientist” became a job title at all. In this episode, she traces the field’s evolution from Bayesian models to BERT to today’s LLMs, and makes a compelling case that going deep on the underlying math matters more than ever, even now that AI can do the math for you. Additional materials: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠…

In Episode #1010, Jon Krohn digs into “the advisor strategy”, a clever pattern that pairs a fast, cheap executor model with a frontier-class advisor it can consult mid-task, all inside a single API call. Every agent builder faces the same tension: frontier models plan best but cost too much to run on every turn, while small models fumble the decisions that matter. Anthropic’s advisor tool resolves it with roughly a one-line code change, and the benchmarks are startling: Sonnet with an Opus advisor scored higher than Sonnet alone while costing 11.9% less, and Haiku’s BrowseComp score more than doubled at 85% lower cost than Sonnet solo. Jon covers the newest Fable 5 numbers, the practical go…

In Episode #1009, Steve Mock (investor at Blumberg Capital, five-time entrepreneur and creator of aisavedme.org), joins Jon Krohn to explore the quiet layer of everyday AI adoption that rarely gets documented. After his 84-year-old father asked a deceptively simple question, “How does one use AI?”, Steve built a place for people to share how AI is actually helping them. The stories that came in surprised him: they’re rarely about the technology and almost always about human outcomes, caregiving, communication, learning, confidence and connection. Additional materials: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.superdatascience.com/1009⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Intere…

In Episode #1008, Jon Krohn digs into Anthropic's 35-page Founder's Playbook and pulls out the practical guidance for each of its four startup stages: Idea, MVP, Launch and Scale. AI has erased the three bottlenecks that historically gated company-building — capital, headcount and technical skill — turning the founder from individual contributor into an "orchestrator of agents." Along the way, Jon covers the trap of mistaking building for validating, using AI as a structured devil's advocate against your own idea, the compounding danger of "agentic technical debt," two litmus tests for real product-market fit, and the three-layer moat that keeps a well-funded incumbent from copying you. His…

Benjamin Todd, co-founder and President of 80,000 Hours and author of the new Penguin Random House book 80,000 Hours: How to Have a Fulfilling Career That Does Good, joins Jon Krohn for a major update on career strategy in the AI era, his first appearance since before ChatGPT existed. Ben explains why “follow your passion” is backwards and why rare, valuable skills used to help others are what actually generate lasting fulfillment, the ABZ framework for planning under deep uncertainty, why the only durable move is to keep shifting onto whatever bottleneck AI can’t yet clear, and how a human-level digital worker becomes superhuman almost immediately. He and Jon also map the risk landscape, p…

In this month's episode of ICYMI, hear from Chip Huyen, Andrey Kurenkov, Frank Basso and Gilbert Eijkelenboom, discussing why moats are shifting toward physical systems and accumulated product intuition, how Astrocade built vibe coding before the term existed, what it's really like inside a deafeningly loud AI data center, why only 15% of people are technically self-aware and whether AGI requires anything like consciousness. Additional materials: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.superdatascience.com/1006⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Interested in sponsoring a SuperDataScience Podcast episode? Email [email protected] for sponsorship information. In this episode you will learn: (00:00) The Cost of Bu…

Gilbert Eijkelenboom, bestselling author of People Skills for Analytical Thinkers and founder of the training firm MindSpeaking joins Jon Krohn to make the case that communication is a core data skill, not an optional extra. Gilbert shares the “And, But, Therefore” framework for turning dense analysis into a story stakeholders act on, the research suggesting only around 15% of people are genuinely self-aware (and how journaling, meditation, and exercise help close that gap), how childhood experiences install behavioral “algorithms” we carry into the workplace and why behavior change precedes attitude change, so doing small, uncomfortable things for 30 days can rewire how you see yourself. A…

Could an AI get good enough at AI research to build its own, more capable successor and kick off a compounding loop? That’s recursive self-improvement (RSI) and it surged into the conversation after Anthropic revealed that, as of May 2026, Claude wrote more than 80% of the code merged into its production codebase. In this Five-Minute Friday, Jon Krohn separates today’s AI-assisted coding from true RSI, walks through the accelerating evidence - METR’s shrinking task “time horizon,” Google DeepMind’s AlphaEvolve, Andrej Karpathy’s overnight training-tuner, weighs Jack Clark’s 60% bet that AI builds its own successor by 2028 against the compute, data and “marketing” skeptics. As ever, Jon land…

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It’s a repeatable, engineered algorithm that starts with ideology, weaponizes identity, and manufactures conflict.

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Global data center investment now surpasses global oil supply spending.

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This sort of operation is directly exploiting a core feature of internet social media platforms.

The main purpose of recommender systems is to recommend people the same items similar people show an interest in.

Some of the most common methods to implement recommender systems, use concepts such as cosine/correlation similarity, matrix factorization, neural autoencoders and sequence predictors.

As you say, recommender systems exist because the business model of social media platforms is to monetise attention.

F: So you are saying that this is not an accident: is this the basis of the optimisation of the recommender system?

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Data Science at Home explores the latest in AI, data science, and machine learning.

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What is the state of AI and videogames?

This and much more is covered in this 1st episode of AI and videogames.

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Can NPCs in videogames leverage new LLM-based tech?

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Tech sovereignty takes 3 years and political will.

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Apple just spent $2B on tech that reads your silent speech.

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This episode breaks down programmable money, the technology that turns your wallet into a permission system.

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The title of today’s episode is Bias in the machineC: Francesco, today we are starting with an infuriating discussion.

The failure of the medical community as a whole to recognise this obvious bias up to the 21st century is an example of how insidious the problem of bias is.

Three: The bias in your training sample: people put training samples together, and people have culture, experience, and prejudice.

These assumptions inform the way AI systems work—and fail—to this day.

When an algorithm is a black box and you can’t look inside, you have no way of analysing its bias.

Join the discussion on our Discord serverAfter reinforcement learning agents doing great at playing Atari video games, Alpha Go, doing financial trading, dealing with language modeling, let me tell you the real story here.In this episode I want to shine some light on reinforcement learning (RL) and the limitations that every practitioner should consider before taking certain directions.

RL seems to work so well!

What is wrong with it?

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