We built Un-0, an image generator powered by a simulated system of coupled oscillators, an example of an emerging physical computing substrate.
These physics-based alternatives include Neuromorphic Computing (Mead, 1990), Hopfield networks (Hopfield, 1982), and reservoir computing (Jaeger, 2001; Maass et al., 2002).
Recently the community has also developed Hamiltonian (Greydanus et al., 2019) and Liquid (Hasani et al., 2021) networks, Neural Wave Machines (Keller & Welling, 2023), Thermodynamic Computing (Coles et al., 2023; Jelinčič, 2025), and Kuramoto Oscillators (Miyato et al., 2025; Song et al., 2025).
Un-0’s quality sits alongside or above early conventional generators, such as NCSN …